CN1161008C - 三端双向可控硅开关调光镇流器 - Google Patents

三端双向可控硅开关调光镇流器 Download PDF

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CN1161008C
CN1161008C CNB998006513A CN99800651A CN1161008C CN 1161008 C CN1161008 C CN 1161008C CN B998006513 A CNB998006513 A CN B998006513A CN 99800651 A CN99800651 A CN 99800651A CN 1161008 C CN1161008 C CN 1161008C
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triac
ballast
diode
inverter
feedback circuit
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CN1266605A (zh
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J・杨查克
J·杨查克
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/36—Controlling
    • H05B41/38—Controlling the intensity of light
    • H05B41/39—Controlling the intensity of light continuously
    • H05B41/392—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor
    • H05B41/3921—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor with possibility of light intensity variations
    • H05B41/3924—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor with possibility of light intensity variations by phase control, e.g. using a triac
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/282—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices
    • H05B41/285—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
    • H05B41/2851—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions
    • H05B41/2856—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions against internal abnormal circuit conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/36—Controlling
    • H05B41/38—Controlling the intensity of light
    • H05B41/39—Controlling the intensity of light continuously
    • H05B41/392—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor
    • H05B41/3921—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor with possibility of light intensity variations
    • H05B41/3925—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor with possibility of light intensity variations by frequency variation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S315/00—Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
    • Y10S315/04—Dimming circuit for fluorescent lamps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S315/00—Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
    • Y10S315/07—Starting and control circuits for gas discharge lamp using transistors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Discharge-Lamp Control Circuits And Pulse- Feed Circuits (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Abstract

三端双向可控硅开关可调光小型荧光灯包括功率反馈电路。功率反馈电路将从三端双向可控硅开关拉出的电流水平保持在至少为三端双向可控硅开关保持电流的水平，尤其在低调光水平下如此。在一个优选的实施例中，反馈电路接入将一对快速恢复二极管连在一起的结点上，用于将高频方波信号变换成供给逆变器的单向信号。在低调光水平上，在缓冲电容两端的过高电压被最小化。

Description

三端双向可控硅开关调光镇流器
本发明涉及镇流器，包括：
交流电源输入端；
耦合到交流电源输入端的第一整流器，其具有用于将低频AC信号变换成单向信号的整流器输出端子；
具有耦合到整流器输出端子之输入端子的逆变器，其包括一对在第一结点上连接在一起的开关；
耦合到开关的控制电路，用于使所述开关交替地导通和截止；
安装有调光输入端并与控制电路耦合的调光电路，用于控制由镇流器操作之灯的光输出，该镇流器的工作依赖于出现在调光输入端之调光信号；
耦合到所述调光接口和交流电源输入端的电路部分，用于产生是低频AC信号形状之函数的调光信号；和
功率反馈电路。
本发明还涉及小型荧光灯。
这种镇流器在WO98/46050中公开，但它是在本专利申请之优先权日之后公布的。由所公开镇流器操作的灯能够通过三端双向可控硅开关调光器调光。在调节时间间隔期间，在每半周的开始，三端双向可控硅开关调光器中断交流电源电压。电路部分I产生依赖于该时间间隔持续时间的调光信号，并且经过调光电路和控制电路，灯的光输出被调节在对应于该调光信号幅值的水平上。功率反馈电路确保足够量的电流从电源中拉出以保持三端双向可控硅开关的导通。公知镇流器的电源反馈将包括在逆变器中的容性分压器连接到第一整流器的输入侧。
本发明目的是提供具有公开镇流器之优点且相对简单和廉价的又一镇流器实施例。
该目的的实现在于，在前段所述的镇流器中，第一二极管耦合在第一整流器输出端子和逆变器输入端子之间，并且功率反馈电路连接出现在第一二极管和第一整流器输出端子之间的第一结点和第二结点。
已经发现，利用三端双向可控硅开关调光器，根据本发明的镇流器能够在宽范围内调光，而且该镇流器非常简单和相对廉价。
镇流器最好包括在第一二极管和第一整流器输出端子之间耦合的第二二极管。在包括这种第二二极管的镇流器中，包括在第一整流器中的二极管部分不需要是相对快速的。在这些镇流器中，第二结点是在所述第一二极管和所述第二二极管之间。
根据本发明的包含有与串联开关对相并联连接之缓冲电容器的镇流器实施例已经获得了良好的结果。
反馈电路可以包括电容器或者甚至是由电容器构成的。这样反馈电路是以简单和可靠的方式实现的。
根据本发明的镇流器非常适合于用在小型荧光灯上。小型荧光灯在很大程度上替代了白炽灯的使用。利用过去已经用于调光白炽灯的相同调光器，能够调光包含有根据本发明镇流器的小型荧光灯。
为更全面的理解本发明，参考下面结合附图所作的说明。
图1是根据本发明第一实施例带有三端双向可控硅开关调光器的三端双向可控硅开关调光的单级小型荧光灯的部分框图和部分示意图；
图2是带有小型荧光灯的图1三端双向可控硅开关调光器的示意图；
图3是根据本发明又一实施例带有三端双向可控硅开关调光器的三端双向可控硅开关调光的单级小型荧光灯的部分框图和部分示意图；
图4是带有三端双向可控硅开关调光器的电等同于图1的三端双向可控硅开关调光的单级小型荧光灯的部分框图和部分示意图；
图5是带有三端双向可控硅开关调光器的电等同于图3的三端双向可控硅开关调光的单级小型荧光灯的部分框图和部分示意图；
如图1所示，小型荧光灯(CFL)10从由AC源20表示的AC电源线供电。灯50的期望照度水平由三端双向可控硅开关调光器30设定并经电路部分I和调光电路II连接到驱动器40。在WO98/46050中讨论了一种类型的三端双向可控硅开关调光器和驱动器连接。
如图2所示，三端双向可控硅开关调光器30通过一对线21和22跨接在AC源20两端上。三端双向可控硅开关调光器30包括通过串联电感L2和可变电阻Vr充电的电容C5。双向击穿二极管DC连接在三端双向可控硅开关TR的栅极上。当电容C5上的电压达到双向击穿二极管DC的击穿电压时，三端双向可控硅开关TR起动。电流(即三端双向可控硅开关TR的最大接入电流)通过电感L2和三端双向可控硅开关TR供给CFL10。在60Hz1/2波周期的结点尾，三端双向可控硅开关TR中的电流水平下降到保持电流(即维持三端双向可控硅开关TR导通必须的最小阳极电流)之下。三端双向可控硅开关TR截止。通过改变可变电阻Vr的阻值，能够调节起动角，即在0和180度之间的三端双向可控硅开关TR首次导通的角。可变电阻Vr能够是但不限于是电位器(potentiometer)。最大起动角受到双向击穿二极管DC之击穿电压的限制。电感L2限制di/dt的上升或下降时间，因此避免了三端双向可控硅开关TR中电流的突然变化。电容C6起缓冲器作用，防止闪烁。
由串接的扼流圈L1和电容C1和C2形成的电磁(EMF)滤波器显著地阻尼由CFL10的逆变器产生的谐波(振荡)。将电容C1和C2连在一起的结点31连接到参考电平(例如地)。三端双向可控硅开关调光器30的输出连接到扼流圈L1。将电感L1连到电容C1的结点连接到二极管桥的第一输入端子33。电容C2连接到将AC源20连到二极管桥的第二输入端子34的结点上。
二极管桥由四个二极管D1，D2，D3和D4形成。将二极管D2和D4之阳极连在一起的结点被连接到参考电平(例如地)。在将二极管D2和D4之阳极连在一起的结点和将二极管D1和D3之阴极连在一起的结点之间连接的电容C3也阻尼由逆变器产生的谐波(振荡)。二极管桥整流由阻尼EMI滤波器提供的低频正弦电压，在一对输出端子35和36上产生带有纹波的DC电压。缓冲电容器Cb滤波，以便将正弦的电压变成基本上恒定的DC电压供给逆变器。
逆变器构成为半桥型，并且包括一对输入端子65和66、串联跨接在缓冲电容器Cb上的一对开关(例如为功率MOSFET)60和70、以及DC隔直流电容器C4。开关60和70在结点80处连接在一起并形成为推拉输出电路配置。用作为开关60和70的MOSFET分别具有一对栅极G1和G2。驱动器40控制开关60和70的开关状态并分别连接到栅极G1和G2。交流电源输入端子23连接到电路部分I的输入端子，用于产生依赖于出现在三端双向可控硅开关调光器输出端上电压之形状的调光信号。电路部分I的输出端子连接到调光电路II的调光输入端子，用于按照出现在调光输入端之调光信号来控制由镇流器操作的灯的光输出。因此，调光电路II的输出端子连接到驱动器40的输入端子。
变压器70的初级绕组Lr和电容器70形成谐振电路。DC隔直电容C4连接在初级绕组Lr和结点80之间。灯50与电容Cr并联连接。变压器70的一对次级绕组76和77耦合到初级绕组Lr，用于将电压加在灯50的灯丝两端，以在预热操作期间和当以小于全光输出操作灯负载50时调节灯50的状态。
由电容Cf和快速开关二极管D5和D6形成的功率反馈电路有利地允许CFL10在功率因数远小于1.0(例如大约为0.7)下工作。当功率因数约为1.0时，在逆变器60和负载70内的元件比它们在较低功率因数下有较大的应力。功率反馈电路将功率因数升高到足以维持三端双向可控硅开关35导通必须的大约0.7的最小水平。二极管D5和D6的恢复时间(即从二极管结点去掉电荷以便完全截止二极管所要求的时间)能够达到大约100纳秒。与此相反，二极管桥的慢恢复二极管D1-D4具有大约500纳秒的恢复时间。
电容Cf连接在结点80和将二极管D5阳极连到二极管D6阴极的结点81之间。二极管D6的阳极和二极管D5的阴极连接到参考电平(例如地电平)。电容Cf将来自逆变器输出端(即来自结点80)的高频(例如50kHz)方波信号反馈到二极管桥。加在电容Cf上的高频方波信号产生足以在整个调光范围内维持三端双向可控硅开关调光器工作的电流通路。在图3所示本发明的选择实施例中，能够去掉二极管D5，结点81被直接连接到输入端子36。然而，为了适应被反馈到二极管桥的高频方波信号的必要转换，如上所述，需要二极管D2和D4具有快速恢复时间。
图1的电等价图示于图4，其中二极管D5和D6在二极管桥的输出端子35和逆变器的输入端子65之间串接。类似地，图3的电等价图示于图5，其中二极管D6直接连接到二极管桥的输出端子35和逆变器的输入端子65。然而，为了适应被反馈到二极管桥的高频方波信号的必要转换，需要二极管D1和D3具有快速恢复时间。
三端双向可控硅开关调光器30的导通角(cut-in angle)在大约30到150度的范围。设定Cf的值为维持三端双向可控硅开关调光器工作在最大导通角。反馈方案兼容于用于与不同类型的灯相结合的任何传统的三端双向可控硅开关调光器。这种兼容是由施加在电容Cf上的等于至少为缓冲电容Cb两端电压的峰峰反馈电压(即施加在电容Cf上的方波电压)提供的。因此，图1和4中串接的二极管D5和D6及图2和5中二极管D6应该连接在二极管桥和逆变器之间。除了在开关60和70的零电压交点处外，电流是从三端双向可控硅开关调光器30拉出的。
正如现在已经认识的，本发明允许缓冲电容和谐振振荡电路(即初级绕组Lr和电容Cr)在尺寸上显著地减小，这是因为不需要维持接近于1的功率因数。本发明的功率反馈电路将功率因数升高到足以维持三端双向可控硅开关35导通所需的最小水平。特别重要的是，在三端双向可控硅开关保持电流或之上的电流是在低调光水平下通过三端双向可控硅开关30拉出以便维持三端双向可控硅开关导通。避免了低调光水平下在电容Cb两端发生的不能接受的过高电压。用在结合不同类型灯的任何传统三端双向可控硅开关调光器的兼容性是通过施加在电容Cf上的等于至少为缓冲电容Cb两端电压的峰峰反馈电压实现的。
因此可以看出，将有效地获得上述目的和从前面的说明中显而易见的目的。

Claims (6)

1.一种镇流器，包括：
具有输出端子(35，36)的第一整流器(D1，D2，D3，D4)，用于将低频AC信号变换成单向信号；
具有输入端子并包括在第一结点(80)连在一起的一对开关(60，70)的逆变器(60，70，C4)；
在第二结点(81)连在一起的串联的第一二极管(D5)和第二二极管(D6)，第一二极管和第二二极管连接到第一整流器的输出端子(35，36)和逆变器的输入端子(65，66)；和
带有逆变器产生的高频方波信号并连接到第一结点和第二结点的单反馈电路(Cf)；
其中第一和第二二极管将由单反馈电路供给的高频方波信号变换成反馈给逆变器输入端子的单向信号；
特征在于：镇流器还包括三端双向可控硅开关调光器，其包括具有保持电流的三端双向可控硅开关，以及在于在工作期间所述单反馈电路将从三端双向可控硅开关拉出的电流水平保持在至少为三端双向可控硅开关保持电流的水平；
还包括与串接的开关对并联的缓冲电容(Cb)。
2.权利要求1的镇流器，其中单反馈电路包括电容(Cf)。
3.权利要求1的镇流器，其中镇流器和三端双向可控硅开关整体形成在小型荧光灯(10)中。
4.一种与具有保持电流的三端双向可控硅开关(30)结合的镇流器，包括：
具有输出端子的第一整流器(D1，D2，D3，D4)，用于将低频AC信号变换成单向信号；
具有输入端子并包括在第一结点连在一起(80)的一对开关(60，70)的逆变器(60，70，C4)；
连接到第一整流器输出端子(35，36)和逆变器输入端子(65，66)的二极管(D6)；和
带有逆变器产生的高频方波信号并连接到第一结点和第一整流器输出端子的单反馈电路(Cf)，用于将从三端双向可控硅开关拉出的电流水平保持在至少为三端双向可控硅开关保持电流的水平；
其中二极管和整流器的任何一个将由单反馈电路供给的高频方波信号变换成反馈给逆变器输入端子的单向信号；
还包括与串接的开关对并联的缓冲电容(Cb)。
5.权利要求4的镇流器，其中单反馈电路包括电容(Cf)。
6.权利要求4的镇流器，其中镇流器和三端双向可控硅开关整体形成在小型荧光灯(10)中。
CNB998006513A 1998-03-04 1999-02-25 三端双向可控硅开关调光镇流器 Expired - Fee Related CN1161008C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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US09/034,441 US5994848A (en) 1997-04-10 1998-03-04 Triac dimmable, single stage compact flourescent lamp
US09/034441 1998-03-04
US09/034,441 1998-04-17

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CN1161008C true CN1161008C (zh) 2004-08-04

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