CN116072438A - Three-dimensional graphene composite material for super capacitor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Three-dimensional graphene composite material for super capacitor and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN116072438A
CN116072438A CN202310354884.XA CN202310354884A CN116072438A CN 116072438 A CN116072438 A CN 116072438A CN 202310354884 A CN202310354884 A CN 202310354884A CN 116072438 A CN116072438 A CN 116072438A
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dimensional graphene
composite material
modified
graphene composite
dimensional
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CN116072438B (en
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李安越
唐政
武义
李玉琪
秦瑞杰
张俊峰
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Modern Times Qingdao New Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22Electrodes
    • H01G11/24Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22Electrodes
    • H01G11/30Electrodes characterised by their material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22Electrodes
    • H01G11/30Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32Carbon-based
    • H01G11/36Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/84Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
    • H01G11/86Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13Energy storage using capacitors

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of supercapacitors, and discloses a three-dimensional graphene composite material for a supercapacitor and a preparation method thereof.

Description

Three-dimensional graphene composite material for super capacitor and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of supercapacitors, in particular to a three-dimensional graphene composite material for a supercapacitor and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the energy problem is always one of the problems that the development economy of various countries has to face, the development and the use of clean energy have become the common subject of the international society, the use of electric energy is an important content for developing clean energy, but the electric energy voltage obtained by converting an electric energy generating device such as solar power generation, tidal power generation and the like is unstable and cannot be directly combined into a power grid to provide electric energy, so the energy storage technology is one of the key links for developing electric energy, and can be used for power generation, and can also be applied to the fields of electric automobiles, electronic products and the like, the current energy storage technology mainly comprises various batteries and super capacitors, the batteries need to store electric energy through electrochemical Faraday reaction, the power density of the batteries is limited by the chemical reaction rate, the supply efficiency of the electric energy is low, and the power density of the super capacitors is higher, and the power supply requirements of large current and high speed can be met, so the energy storage technology is widely focused.
Working electrode materials are one of important components of supercapacitors and have a decisive role in the performance of the supercapacitors, the research of the electrode materials of the supercapacitors is mainly focused on carbon materials, metal materials and conductive polymers, graphene is used as one of the carbon materials with double-layer capacitance, the superhigh specific surface area and excellent conductivity enable the graphene to be compounded with the metal materials to form the composite electrode materials in the electrode materials of the supercapacitors, and the electrode materials of the supercapacitors are the mainstream in the research field of the graphene electrode materials in recent years, and the Chinese patent application No. CN201611091388.6 proposesgraphene/LaMnO for super capacitor 3 The preparation method of the composite material comprises the steps of obtaining gel by adopting a solvent evaporation method, and then carrying out one-step heat treatment to obtain the graphene/LaMnO with higher specific capacitance and good cycle stability 3 The composite material can be used for preparing the super capacitor composite electrode material with excellent performance by utilizing the synergistic effect between the metal material and the graphene.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional graphene composite material for a supercapacitor and a preparation method thereof, wherein modified three-dimensional graphene with high specific surface area is obtained by using a template method, and then the modified three-dimensional graphene is compounded with nano tungsten disulfide by using a hydrothermal method to obtain a supercapacitor composite electrode material with excellent conductivity, large specific capacitance and good cycle stability.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
the three-dimensional graphene composite material for the supercapacitor comprises the following preparation steps:
treating the cationic cellulose to obtain cationic cellulose microspheres;
modifying graphene oxide to obtain modified graphene oxide;
the cationic cellulose microspheres are used as templates, are compounded with modified graphene oxide, and are calcined and thermally reduced to prepare modified three-dimensional graphene;
the three-dimensional graphene composite material is prepared from modified three-dimensional graphene, sodium tungstate and L-cysteine by a hydrothermal method.
Further, the preparation method of the cationic cellulose microsphere specifically comprises the following steps: adding cationic cellulose into a purified water, urea and sodium hydroxide system with solid-to-liquid ratio of 8:1:1, oscillating uniformly to form a uniform cellulose solution water phase, dissolving span 80 in liquid paraffin, stirring uniformly to form an oil phase, pouring the water phase into the oil phase, stirring and emulsifying for 4-6h at room temperature under the stirring rate of 800-1000r/min, regulating the pH value of the system to 7 by using hydrochloric acid, standing for layering, taking out a lower water phase, filtering and rinsing to obtain the cationic cellulose microsphere.
According to the technical scheme, the cationic cellulose is prepared by taking cellulose and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride as raw materials and reacting under the action of sodium hydroxide, the specific preparation steps refer to the preparation and performance study of cationic cellulose antibacterial film materials, the cationic cellulose is dissolved by an alkali-urea-water solution system, and the cationic cellulose microsphere containing a pore structure is prepared by adopting reverse suspension.
Further, the volume ratio of the water phase to the oil phase is 1:6-8.
Further, the preparation method of the modified graphene oxide specifically comprises the following steps: and ultrasonically mixing graphene oxide with dichloromethane to form a dispersion liquid, adding a composite catalyst, stirring and uniformly mixing, continuously adding N, N, N ', N' -tetra (p-aminophenyl) p-phenylenediamine, stirring at room temperature for 4-12 hours, filtering and separating a solid sample, washing, and vacuum drying to obtain the modified graphene oxide.
Through the technical scheme, the surface of the graphene oxide is rich in oxygen-containing functional groups such as carboxyl, and the carboxyl can be dehydrated and condensed with amino in the N, N, N ', N' -tetra (p-aminophenyl) p-phenylenediamine structure under the action of a catalyst to form the graphene oxide with a three-dimensional cross-linked structure, namely the modified graphene oxide.
Further, the composite catalyst is dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 4-dimethylaminopyridine in a mass ratio of 1:0.1-0.3.
Further, the preparation method of the modified three-dimensional graphene specifically comprises the following steps: pouring the modified graphene oxide into purified water to prepare a modified graphene oxide dispersion liquid, adding cationic cellulose microspheres into the dispersion liquid, ultrasonically stirring until a uniform disperse phase is formed, filtering and separating a solid sample, placing the sample into a tubular furnace at 300-500 ℃ for calcination for 1-3h under the protection of nitrogen, and raising the temperature to 700-800 ℃ and continuously calcining for 1-3h to obtain the modified three-dimensional graphene.
According to the technical scheme, the surface of the modified graphene oxide contains oxygen-containing functional groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl, and the groups are ionized in an aqueous solution, so that the surface of the graphene oxide presents electronegativity, and therefore the modified graphene oxide can be adsorbed with cationic cellulose microspheres through electrostatic action, and then a uniformly three-dimensional crosslinked structure modified graphene oxide layer is assembled on the surface of a cationic cellulose microsphere template electrostatically, under the protection of nitrogen, the cationic cellulose microsphere template is removed through high-temperature calcination, a pore structure can be formed in the three-dimensional graphene, thermal reduction is carried out on the graphene oxide at high temperature, and simultaneously nitrogen-containing groups in the three-dimensional crosslinked graphene oxide structure are doped into the graphene, so that the modified three-dimensional graphene which has an ultra-large specific surface area and is uniform in pore and contains nitrogen doping is prepared.
Further, the mass concentration of the dispersion liquid is 5-15g/L.
Further, the mass ratio of the modified graphene oxide to the cationic cellulose microsphere is 1:3-6.
The preparation method of the three-dimensional graphene composite material for the supercapacitor specifically comprises the following steps: ultrasonically dispersing the modified three-dimensional graphene in purified water, adding sodium tungstate, stirring for dissolution, adjusting the pH of the system to 6-7 by using hydrochloric acid, adding an L-cysteine solution, stirring uniformly, pouring into a reaction kettle, placing in a temperature of 230-240 ℃ for hydrothermal treatment for 12-36h, cooling the materials, taking out, centrifugally separating a solid product, washing by using ethanol and purified water, and drying in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 24h to obtain the three-dimensional graphene composite material.
According to the technical scheme, sodium tungstate is used as a tungsten source, L-cysteine is used as a sulfur source, sodium tungstate is decomposed to generate the tungsten source in the hydrothermal process, the tungsten source flows in a boiling solution and enters a gap structure of the modified three-dimensional graphene and is gradually combined with the sulfur source to generate tungsten disulfide crystal nucleus, the crystal nucleus grows in situ in a pore, and finally the modified three-dimensional graphene composite material coated with nano tungsten disulfide is formed, so that the agglomeration phenomenon of the nano tungsten disulfide can be effectively avoided.
Further, the mass concentration of the L-cysteine solution is 8-12mg/mL.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the preparation method, the modified three-dimensional graphene which has the ultra-large specific surface area and uniform pores and contains nitrogen doped is prepared by adopting a template method, the ultra-high specific surface area is favorable for contact between an electrode material and electrolyte, further more charges are adsorbed and stored to form an electric double layer capacitor, the abundant pore structure enables the modified three-dimensional graphene to have the larger specific surface area, and on the other hand, a rapid channel is provided for ion transmission, so that the mobility of electrolyte ions is improved, the charge and discharge efficiency of the supercapacitor is ensured, nitrogen is doped into the graphene, active structures such as pyridine nitrogen, graphite nitrogen and pyrrole nitrogen can be introduced, the conductivity of the graphene can be enhanced, and additional pseudo-capacitance contribution can be provided, so that the electrochemical activity of the graphene is effectively enhanced.
(2) According to the invention, a one-step hydrothermal method is adopted to prepare the modified three-dimensional graphene composite material coated with nano tungsten disulfide, after the nano tungsten disulfide is coated, the volume expansion effect generated in the charge and discharge process of the nano tungsten disulfide can be effectively relieved, the phenomenon of poor cycling stability of an electrode material caused by pulverization of the nano tungsten disulfide is avoided, meanwhile, the nano tungsten disulfide can support the modified three-dimensional graphene skeleton, and the phenomenon of structural collapse of the modified three-dimensional graphene due to existence of a pore structure is avoided, so that the excellent specific capacitance contribution of the nano tungsten disulfide is utilized, and the electrochemical activities of good conductivity and the like of the modified three-dimensional graphene are combined to generate the complementary effect and the complementary effect, so that the finally prepared modified three-dimensional graphene composite material has excellent conductivity, high specific capacitance and good cycling performance, is more beneficial to the application of the nano tungsten disulfide in the field of electrode materials, and further promotes the research and development of high-performance super capacitors.
Of course, it is not necessary for any one product to practice the invention to achieve all of the advantages set forth above at the same time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image and a transmission electron microscope image of the three-dimensional graphene composite material, wherein a is a scanning electron microscope image, and B is a transmission electron microscope image;
fig. 2 is an electrochemical performance test chart of the three-dimensional graphene composite material of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Preparation of cationic cellulose microspheres
Adding cationic cellulose into a purified water, urea and sodium hydroxide system with solid-to-liquid ratio of 8:1:1, oscillating uniformly to form a uniform cellulose solution water phase, dissolving span 80 in liquid paraffin, stirring uniformly to form an oil phase, pouring the water phase into the oil phase according to the volume ratio of 1:6, stirring and emulsifying for 5 hours at room temperature under the stirring rate of 1000r/min, regulating the pH value of the system to 7 by using hydrochloric acid, standing for layering, taking the lower water phase, filtering and rinsing to obtain the cationic cellulose microsphere.
Example 2
Preparation of modified graphene oxide
And (3) ultrasonically mixing 5g of graphene oxide with dichloromethane to form a dispersion liquid, adding 1g of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 0.2g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine, stirring and uniformly mixing, continuously adding 1.2g of N, N, N ', N' -tetra (p-aminophenyl) p-phenylenediamine, stirring at room temperature for 6 hours, filtering and separating a solid sample, washing, and vacuum drying to obtain the modified graphene oxide. A CH-2A type element analyzer is adopted, 5mg of sample is weighed and placed into a fusible aluminum bag, the fusible aluminum bag is placed into a combustion tube, static combustion is carried out under pure oxygen atmosphere, the gas proportion of each component is measured, the content of each element of the modified graphene oxide is tested, the content of carbon element in the modified graphene oxide is 46.85 percent, the content of hydrogen element is 2.01 percent, the content of oxygen element is 42.18 percent, the content of nitrogen element is 8.96 percent, and the dehydration condensation of carboxyl groups on the surface of the graphene oxide and N, N, N ', N' -tetra (p-aminophenyl) p-phenylenediamine is presumed, and the nitrogen element is introduced into the graphene oxide.
Example 3
Preparation of modified three-dimensional graphene
Pouring 2g of modified graphene oxide prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention into purified water to prepare a modified graphene oxide dispersion liquid with the mass concentration of 6g/L, adding 10g of the cationic cellulose microsphere prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention into the dispersion liquid, ultrasonically stirring until a uniform disperse phase is formed, filtering to separate a solid sample, placing the sample into a tube furnace at 400 ℃ for calcination for 2 hours under the protection of nitrogen, raising the temperature to 800 ℃, and continuously calcining for 3 hours to obtain the modified three-dimensional graphene. The JT-2000 specific surface area analyzer is used for testing the specific surface area of the modified three-dimensional graphene to be 2169.4m 2 And/g, testing the conductivity of the modified three-dimensional graphene to be 168S/cm by using a DDS-307A type conductivity detector.
Example 4
Preparation of three-dimensional graphene composite material
2g of modified three-dimensional graphene prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention is ultrasonically dispersed in purified water, 0.4g of sodium tungstate is added, stirring and dissolving are carried out, the pH value of a system is regulated to 6.5 by using hydrochloric acid, 80mL of L-cysteine solution with the mass concentration of 10mg/mL is added, stirring is carried out, the mixture is poured into a reaction kettle, the reaction kettle is placed at the temperature of 240 ℃ for hydrothermal treatment for 24 hours, the mixture is taken out, a solid product is centrifugally separated, ethanol and purified water are used for washing, the mixture is dried in a vacuum oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 24 hours, the three-dimensional graphene composite material is obtained, an S-3400N type scanning electron microscope and a JEM-2100 type field emission transmission electron microscope are used for carrying out analysis and test, an analysis result is shown in figure 1, wherein A is a scanning electron microscope image, B is a transmission electron microscope image, the three-dimensional graphene composite material can be observed from the scanning electron microscope image to have a three-dimensional structure, the pore structure is rich, and the three-dimensional graphene composite material can be observed from the transmission electron microscope to contain irregular particles, and the three-dimensional graphene composite material is nano tungsten disulfide. Weighing a three-dimensional graphene composite material, conductive carbon black and polytetrafluoroethylene according to the mass ratio of 8:1:1, fully grinding into pasty slurry, uniformly coating on foam nickel to prepare a working electrode, taking a platinum sheet electrode as a counter electrode, a saturated calomel electrode as a reference electrode, taking a 6mol/L sodium hydroxide solution as an electrolyte solution and glass fiber paper as a diaphragm, constructing a symmetrical battery, adopting a three-electrode system, setting the current density to be 1A/g, and carrying out electrochemical performance test, wherein the test result is shown in figure 2, and the specific capacitance value is up to 419.5F/g at the current density of 1.0A/g, and after 5000 circles, is 404.4F/g, and the capacitance retention rate is up to 96.4%, so that the prepared three-dimensional graphene composite material is very suitable for being used as an electrode material of a supercapacitor and has high application value.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
The foregoing is merely illustrative and explanatory of the principles of the invention, as various modifications and additions may be made to the specific embodiments described, or similar thereto, by those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the invention or beyond the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The three-dimensional graphene composite material for the supercapacitor is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:
treating the cationic cellulose to obtain cationic cellulose microspheres;
modifying graphene oxide to obtain modified graphene oxide;
the cationic cellulose microspheres are used as templates, are compounded with modified graphene oxide, and are calcined and thermally reduced to prepare modified three-dimensional graphene;
the three-dimensional graphene composite material is prepared from modified three-dimensional graphene, sodium tungstate and L-cysteine by a hydrothermal method.
2. The three-dimensional graphene composite material for a supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the cationic cellulose microsphere specifically comprises the following steps: adding cationic cellulose into a purified water, urea and sodium hydroxide system with solid-to-liquid ratio of 8:1:1, oscillating uniformly to form a uniform cellulose solution water phase, dissolving span 80 in liquid paraffin, stirring uniformly to form an oil phase, pouring the water phase into the oil phase, stirring and emulsifying for 4-6h at room temperature under the stirring rate of 800-1000r/min, regulating the pH value of the system to 7 by using hydrochloric acid, standing for layering, taking out a lower water phase, filtering and rinsing to obtain the cationic cellulose microsphere.
3. The three-dimensional graphene composite material for a supercapacitor according to claim 2, wherein the volume ratio of the aqueous phase and the oil phase is 1:6-8.
4. The three-dimensional graphene composite material for a supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the modified graphene oxide specifically comprises: and ultrasonically mixing graphene oxide with dichloromethane to form a dispersion liquid, adding a composite catalyst, stirring and uniformly mixing, continuously adding N, N, N ', N' -tetra (p-aminophenyl) p-phenylenediamine, stirring at room temperature for 4-12 hours, filtering and separating a solid sample, washing, and vacuum drying to obtain the modified graphene oxide.
5. The three-dimensional graphene composite material for super capacitors according to claim 4, wherein the composite catalyst is dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 4-dimethylaminopyridine in a mass ratio of 1:0.1-0.3.
6. The three-dimensional graphene composite material for a supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the modified three-dimensional graphene specifically comprises the following steps: pouring the modified graphene oxide into purified water to prepare a modified graphene oxide dispersion liquid, adding cationic cellulose microspheres into the dispersion liquid, ultrasonically stirring until a uniform disperse phase is formed, filtering and separating a solid sample, placing the sample into a tubular furnace at 300-500 ℃ for calcination for 1-3h under the protection of nitrogen, and raising the temperature to 700-800 ℃ and continuously calcining for 1-3h to obtain the modified three-dimensional graphene.
7. The three-dimensional graphene composite material for a supercapacitor according to claim 6, wherein the mass concentration of the dispersion is 5-15g/L.
8. The three-dimensional graphene composite material for a supercapacitor according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the modified graphene oxide to the cationic cellulose microspheres is 1:3-6.
9. The method for preparing the three-dimensional graphene composite material for the supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: ultrasonically dispersing the modified three-dimensional graphene in purified water, adding sodium tungstate, stirring for dissolution, adjusting the pH of the system to 6-7 by using hydrochloric acid, adding an L-cysteine solution, stirring uniformly, pouring into a reaction kettle, placing in a temperature of 230-240 ℃ for hydrothermal treatment for 12-36h, cooling the materials, taking out, centrifugally separating a solid product, washing by using ethanol and purified water, and drying in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 24h to obtain the three-dimensional graphene composite material.
10. The method for preparing the three-dimensional graphene composite material for the supercapacitor according to claim 9, wherein the mass concentration of the L-cysteine solution is 8-12mg/mL.
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