CN116018990A - Annual rotation planting method for oat-silage corn in coastal saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Annual rotation planting method for oat-silage corn in coastal saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a annual rotation planting method for oat-silage corns in coastal saline-alkali soil. Firstly, planting corns under the low-salt condition of the soil in rainy season, ensuring the plant quantity covering the earth surface in autumn, and cutting and collecting corn straws before 11 months to be paved on the earth surface, so that the whole corn plant covers the soil, and controlling the soil salt returning in autumn and winter; crushing corn stalks and returning the crushed corn stalks to the field for fertilizer production at the end of 2 months in the next year, providing excellent planting, seedling emergence and growth environments for oat, timely and early sowing the oat, keeping the oat plant growth in spring to cover the ground surface, reducing the exposed soil time in autumn and winter, and further reducing the soil salt returning in winter and spring; after the oat is harvested, the normal growth of the corn can be ensured due to the high moisture and low salt content of the soil under the action of the mulching film of the oat, when the corn is harvested in autumn, part of corn plants are harvested for silage, the rest of the corn plants are harvested in whole plant and paved on the ground surface, and the corn plants can be used for returning to the field for fertilizer production in spring in the next year, so that the soil force is improved, and the continuous and efficient production of the corn and the oat in the coastal saline-alkali soil is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of land improvement, in particular to a annual rotation planting method for oat-silage corns in coastal saline-alkali lands.
Background
The regional Bohai sea area has sufficient photo-thermal conditions, flat topography and obvious regional advantages, is one of important grain production bases in China, but because the area is adjacent to Bohai sea, soil is driven by the characteristics of long-term seawater invasion and monsoon climate, salinization is extremely serious, and fresh water resources are seriously insufficient, so that regional agricultural production is severely restricted, the agricultural production level in the area is still not high, and the productivity is still lower, and is extremely disproportionate to the economic rapid development in the area. In addition, with the continuous improvement of the living standard in the area, residents consume animal food increasingly vigorously, so that the intensive livestock breeding industry is developed rapidly, and the adjustment of the agricultural production structure mainly containing grains in the area is relatively delayed, so that the structure of the farming, grass planting and livestock breeding in the agricultural area is uncoordinated. Therefore, there is a need to explore agricultural modes of production that are coordinated with regional water and soil resources and climate characteristics.
Compared with common grain crops, the pasture has higher salt tolerance, has planting potential in a wide saline-alkali area around Bohai sea, and has wide application prospect in the saline-alkali area along with the development of the intensive cultivation industry. The current pasture cultivation mainly comprises irrigation, fertilization, cultivation and other methods of different varieties mainly improving varieties and yield, but the methods are not matched with the characteristics of water and soil resources in the Bohai sea area, so that annual yield of pasture is low, and soil quality cannot be effectively improved. Therefore, the technology for cultivating pasture matched with water and soil resources in the saline-alkali area of Bohai sea is urgently needed to be explored, and technical support is provided for agriculture and animal husbandry combined collaborative development in the saline-alkali area of Bohai sea.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the existing pasture cultivation technology in the saline-alkali area of Bohai sea is not matched with the characteristics of water and soil resources, the annual yield of pasture is low, the soil quality cannot be effectively improved and the like, the invention provides a annual rotation planting method for oat-silage corns in coastal saline-alkali soil.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for annual rotation planting of oat-silage corn in coastal saline land, the method comprising the steps of:
step a, constructing a strip field in the middle and late 7 months, constructing water storage ridges around the strip field, carrying out flat tillage and fertilization on land, carrying out rotary tillage and turning over the soil, carrying out mechanical compaction, sowing corn, and carrying out conventional field management after the crops emerge;
step b,10 months in the middle ten days, cutting and harvesting the whole corn plant and spreading the whole corn plant on the ground surface;
c, crushing corn stalks laid on the ground surface, returning to the field, fertilizing, rotary tillage and turning over soil, mechanically compacting, covering a mulching film, covering soil on the film, sowing oat, and performing conventional field management after the crop seedlings emerge;
step d, in the middle and late 5 months, the oat is mowed and ensiled in a uniform manner;
step e, directly stubble-attaching sowing, fertilizing and conventional field management are carried out after crops emerge from the bottom of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months;
f, in the last ten days of 9 months to 10 months, corn plants are cut in stubble-retaining mode, seeds are reserved, the corn plants are cut for silage, and the rest corn plants are cut and collected and paved on the ground surface;
step g, crushing the corn stalks laid on the ground surface in the middle and late 2 months of the next year, returning the crushed corn stalks to the field, and carrying out annual rotation of oat-silage corns according to the operation cycle from the step c to the step f.
The land impoverishment, annual rainfall maldistribution, fresh water resource shortage, single planting structure and other factors in the saline-alkali area of the Bohai sea seriously affect agricultural production, the traditional planting mode in the area seriously depends on climate conditions, annual fluctuation of yield is large, and the quality of plough layer soil is difficult to continuously improve.
Compared with the prior art, the annual rotation planting method for oat-silage corns in coastal saline-alkali soil provided by the invention has the advantages that firstly, corns are planted under the low-salt condition of the soil in rainy season, the plant quantity covering the earth surface in autumn is ensured, corn straws are cut and harvested before 11 months and paved on the earth surface, so that the whole corn plants cover the soil, and the soil salt returning in autumn and winter is controlled; crushing corn stalks and returning the crushed corn stalks to the field for fertilizer production at the end of 2 months in the next year, providing excellent planting, seedling emergence and growth environments for oat, timely and early sowing the oat, keeping the oat plant growth in spring to cover the ground surface, reducing the exposed soil time in autumn and winter, and further reducing the soil salt returning in winter and spring; after the oat is harvested, the normal growth of the corn can be ensured due to the high moisture and low salt content of the soil under the action of the mulching film of the oat, when the corn is harvested in autumn, part of corn plants are harvested for silage, the rest of the corn plants are harvested in whole plant and paved on the ground surface, and the corn plants can be used for returning to the field for fertilizer production in spring in the next year, so that the soil force is improved, and the continuous and efficient production of the corn and the oat in the coastal saline-alkali soil is ensured.
According to the invention, through a series of measures such as autumn soil fertility, early spring oat film sowing, summer oat mowing and harvesting, corn film pasting and sowing, autumn silage corn part plant mowing and harvesting, residual corn straw surface covering and returning to the field for fertility, the optimal regulation and control of soil water and salt can be promoted, the salt content of spring soil is regulated and controlled to be below 4.5g/kg, the soil moisture is kept above 23%, meanwhile, the promotion of soil organic matters is obviously promoted, the soil structure is effectively improved, the efficient production of salt-tolerant high-quality forage grass in coastal saline-alkali soil is further ensured, the soil production function and quality are promoted, meanwhile, the feed product supply capability in saline-alkali soil production and ecological function is promoted, a novel technology is provided for the efficient utilization of the saline-alkali soil, the operation is simple, the cost is low, the remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits are realized, and the application prospect is wide.
Preferably, in the step a, the width of the strip field is 30-50m, and the length is 300-500m.
Preferably, in the step a, the depth of the field drainage ditch is 1.5-3m, the bottom width is 1-2.5m, and the upper opening width is 3-5m.
Preferably, in the step a, the height of the water storage ridge is 30-50cm, and the width of the water storage ridge is 50-100cm.
Preferably, in the step a, the applied fertilizers are organic fertilizers and diammonium phosphate, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizers is 4-6 t/mu, and the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 25-35 kg/mu.
Illustratively, the organic fertilizer is cow dung or sheep dung.
The fertilizer is preferably applied, so that nutrients can be provided for plant growth, the soil structure of the saline-alkali soil is improved, and the plant growth is promoted.
Preferably, in the step a, the row spacing of the corn is 50-70cm, the plant spacing is 15-25cm, and the sowing amount is 2.5-3 kg/mu.
Preferably, in the step a, the depth of the ploughing and the rotary tillage is 20-25cm.
Preferably, in the step c, the fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, and the application amount is 30-45 kg/mu.
Preferably, in the step c, the depth of the ploughing and the rotary tillage is 20-25cm.
The optimized rotary tillage and plowing depth can enhance the permeability of soil, quicken salt dissolution and salt discharge, and simultaneously can ensure the returning effect of straw and improve the soil fertility.
In order to ensure the corn straw returning effect, the straw needs to be subjected to fine powder and repeated rotary tillage.
In step a and step b, the land is compacted by using a wheat compactor.
Preferably, in the step c, the row spacing of the planted oat is 10-15cm, the width of the sowing ridge is 90-100cm, the spacing of the sowing ridge is 20-30cm, and the sowing amount is 15-20 kg/mu.
Illustratively, in step c, oat seeding is performed using a soil-on-film planter.
Preferably, in the step e, the row spacing of the corn is 50-70cm, the plant spacing is 15-25cm, and the sowing amount is 2.5-3 kg/mu.
The preferred row spacing and plant spacing can ensure good vegetation growth and survival rate on the premise of ensuring vegetation density.
Illustratively, in step e, corn is sown on the original oat sowing ridge using an on-film planter.
Preferably, in the step e, the fertilizer is applied in a hole application mode, wherein the applied fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, and the application amount is 25-35 kg/mu.
Preferably, in step f, the mowing height is 1/2-2/3 of the corn plant height.
Preferably, the silage corn is silage golden jade, and the oat is a first-class oat.
In the step e, corn stalks covered with the ground surface are crushed and returned to the field after the mulching film is removed.
The herbicide is sprayed in time in the growing period of the oat to control weeds, and the pesticide is sprayed to control plant diseases and insect pests; because the rainfall in summer is relatively concentrated and the rainfall is large, the field drainage is needed in time. After the mulch film is removed, the residual mulch film is intensively recovered and subjected to innocent treatment.
According to the method for alternately planting oat-silage corns in the saline-alkali soil, provided by the invention, through a series of measures such as corn late sowing straw covering, early spring sowing of oats in the coming year, oat mowing harvesting in summer, stubble attaching sowing on silage corn films, mowing harvesting of silage corns in autumn, turning over and hilling of residual stubble corns in autumn, the low-salt and high-humidity condition of the surface layer of the soil in the whole year is maintained, so that annual yield increase of pasture in the whole growth period is realized, meanwhile, the quality of saline-alkali soil is remarkably improved, the synergistic improvement of the quality and productivity of saline-alkali lands is realized, and the method has a great promotion effect on efficient production and agriculture and grazing combination of grass feed crops in coastal saline-alkali areas, is suitable for application in coastal medium-heavy saline-alkali areas, and has remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail.
A method for annual rotation planting of oat-silage corn in coastal saline land, the method comprising the steps of:
step a, constructing a strip field in the middle and late 7 months, constructing water storage ridges around the strip field, carrying out flat tillage and fertilization on land, carrying out rotary tillage and turning over the soil, carrying out mechanical compaction, sowing corn, and carrying out conventional field management after the crops emerge;
step b,10 months in the middle ten days, cutting and harvesting the whole corn plant and spreading the whole corn plant on the ground surface;
c, crushing corn stalks laid on the ground surface, returning to the field, fertilizing, rotary tillage and turning over soil, mechanically compacting, covering a mulching film, covering soil on the film, sowing oat, and performing conventional field management after the crop seedlings emerge;
step d, in the middle and late 5 months, the oat is mowed and ensiled in a uniform manner;
step e, directly stubble-attaching sowing, fertilizing and conventional field management are carried out after crops emerge from the bottom of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months;
f, in the last ten days of 9 months to 10 months, corn plants are cut in stubble-retaining mode, seeds are reserved, the corn plants are cut for silage, and the rest corn plants are cut and collected and paved on the ground surface;
step g, crushing the corn stalks laid on the ground surface in the middle and late 2 months of the next year, returning the crushed corn stalks to the field, and carrying out annual rotation of oat-silage corns according to the operation cycle from the step c to the step f.
According to the invention, corn is planted mainly by utilizing conditions of more rainwater in autumn and high humidity and low salt in soil, so that the plant quantity covered in autumn is ensured, meanwhile, earthing sowing is adopted for sowing oat, the early sowing period is shortened, the earth surface exposure time in autumn and winter is shortened, and the soil salinization process in winter and spring is reduced; after the oat is harvested, the normal growth of the corn can be ensured due to the high moisture and low salt content of the soil under the action of the mulching film of the oat, when the oat is harvested in autumn, 1/2-2/3 of corn is mowed for silage, the rest corn stalks are used for whole plant cutting and harvesting for surface coverage, and the corn stalks can be returned to the field for fertilizer production in spring in the next year, so that the soil fertility is improved, and good soil conditions are provided for oat planting in the next year. In addition, by covering part of corn stalks in autumn and returning the corn stalks to the field in spring sowing, the improvement of soil quality is obviously promoted, the organic matters of the soil are improved, the soil structure is improved, the optimal regulation and control of soil water and salt can be promoted, and the sustainable improvement of saline-alkali soil production and ecological functions is achieved.
The method for efficiently planting the oat-silage corn two-crop pastures in one year in the coastal saline-alkali soil provided by the invention has the advantages that the yield of the saline-alkali soil grain and fodder dual-purpose crops is obviously improved, and a technology is provided for the agriculture and animal husbandry combined collaborative development in the coastal saline-alkali region.
In order to better illustrate the present invention, the following examples are provided for further illustration.
And selecting a core test area for annual rotation planting of oat-silage corns in the severe saline-alkali land of Xingcounty of Hebei province. The area belongs to a warm-temperature zone semi-moist continental monsoon climate, the annual average air temperature is 12.1 ℃, the average air temperature in 1 month is-4.6 ℃, the extreme minimum air temperature is-19.9 ℃, and the frost-free period is 217 days. The sunshine hours in the years of Haixing county are 2718.8 hours, the average annual precipitation is 582mm, and the sunshine is mainly concentrated in 8-9 months, and accounts for 75% of the annual precipitation. The area belongs to coastal plain, the topography is low and flat, the elevation is 1.3-3.6m, the soil type is mainly coastal saline soil, the ion component is mainly NaCl, the salt content of the soil is more than 0.8%, the salt content is 0.4% in the summer, the salt returning peak period in spring reaches 1.2%, and the salinity level is typical coastal heavy saline-alkali soil. In addition, the underground water level of the test area is shallow, the average water level is about 1 meter, the mineralization degree is high, and the salt content is 7-20g/L.
Example 1
A annual rotation planting method for oat-silage corn in coastal saline land comprises the following steps:
A. land finishing, fertilizing and corn planting: constructing a strip field in coastal saline-alkali soil according to the distribution of terrains and ditches for 7 months to 18 days, wherein the width of the strip field is 32m, the length of the strip field is 400m, the strip field is excavated with a drainage ditch, the ditch depth is 1.5m, the bottom width is 1m, and the upper opening width is 3m; building water storage ridges around the strip field, wherein the height is 30cm, the width is 50cm, and simultaneously carrying out leveling cultivation on the land; applying cow dung 4 t/mu, diammonium phosphate 25 kg/mu, ploughing and rotary tillage the land for multiple times by adopting a furrow plow and a rotary tillage plow, wherein the depth is 20cm, compacting the land by adopting a wheat sowing compacting machine after rotary tillage, sowing corn, wherein the variety is silage jades, the row spacing of sowing is 50cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, the sowing quantity is 2.5 kg/mu, and after corn seedlings emerge, carrying out conventional field management.
B. Harvesting the whole corn stalk: 10 months and 10-12 days, the corn plant height is 1.8m, no seeds are formed, and the whole corn plant is cut and harvested and directly covered on the ground surface, so that the soil salt returning in autumn and winter is avoided.
C. Early sowing of oat film in spring: 2 months 25-28 days, directly crushing and returning corn plants on the ground surface by adopting a straw crusher, applying diammonium phosphate 30 kg/mu, respectively ploughing and rotary tillage the land for multiple times by adopting a furrow plow and a rotary tillage plow, wherein the depth is 20cm, compacting the land by adopting a wheat sowing compacting machine after rotary tillage, sowing oat by adopting a wheat under-film earthing sowing machine, wherein the variety is a first dam and hulless oat, the row spacing is 10cm, the width of sowing ridges is 90cm, the spacing of sowing ridges is 30cm, the sowing ridges are 9 rows, and the sowing amount is 15 kg/mu.
D. Harvesting oat mowing in spring: and (5) 20-25 days, wherein the oat is about 90cm in height and is in the middle and later period of booting, the oat is mowed, no stubble is left, and the mowed oat is transported to an ensilage processing area for wrapping processing.
E. Ensiling corn stubble sticking sowing: sowing corn on the original oat sowing ridge for 5 months 26-6 months 1 day by using a film sowing machine, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 50cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, the sowing amount is 2.5 kg/mu, and the diammonium phosphate is applied in a hole sowing mode for 25 kg/mu.
6 months to 9 months, timely spraying herbicide to prevent weeds in the corn seedling stage, and applying 20 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer urea in the large horn mouth stage, taking care of spraying pesticide to prevent leaf eating pests such as corn borers, armyworms and aphids; the 8 months rainy season is concentrated, and attention is paid to drainage.
F. Corn plants mowing and harvesting and plant covering: and (3) 9 months 28-10 months 3 days, corn kernels are in a waxy stage, 1/2 of corn plants are harvested for silage, 1/2 of the corn plants are reserved for whole plant cutting and harvesting for surface coverage, and the kernels reserved for plants are harvested and blended with a mowing part for silage.
E. And (3) performing land arrangement at the end of 2 months in early spring in the coming year, removing residual mulching films, crushing corn stalks covered with the ground surface, returning to the field, fertilizing, and sowing oat, wherein the operation is the same as C-F.
Example 2
A annual rotation planting method for oat-silage corn in coastal saline land comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) land arrangement: constructing a strip field in coastal saline-alkali soil according to the distribution of terrains and ditches in spring, wherein the width of the strip field is 40m, the length of the strip field is 300m, a drainage ditch is excavated in the strip field, the ditch depth is 2m, the bottom width is 1.5m, and the upper opening width is 4m; building water storage ridges around the strip field, wherein the height is 50cm, the width is 100cm, and simultaneously carrying out leveling cultivation on the land block; applying cow dung 5 t/mu, diammonium phosphate 35 kg/mu, ploughing and rotary tillage the land for a plurality of times by adopting a furrow plow and a rotary tillage plow, wherein the depth is 25cm, compacting the land by adopting a wheat sowing compacting machine after rotary tillage, sowing corn, wherein the variety is silage jades, the row spacing of sowing is 70cm, the plant spacing is 25cm, the sowing quantity is 2.5 kg/mu, and after corn seedlings emerge, carrying out conventional field management.
B. Harvesting the whole corn stalk: 10 months and 10-12 days, the corn plant height is 1.8m, no seeds are formed, and the whole corn plant is cut and harvested and directly covered on the ground surface, so that the soil salt returning in autumn and winter is avoided.
C. Early sowing of oat film in spring: 2 months 25-28 days, directly crushing and returning corn plants on the ground surface by adopting a straw crusher, applying 35 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate, respectively ploughing and rotary tillage on the land for a plurality of times by adopting a furrow plow and a rotary tillage plow, wherein the depth is 23cm, compacting the land by adopting a wheat sowing compacting machine after rotary tillage, sowing oat by adopting a wheat under-film earthing sowing machine, wherein the variety is a first dam and hulless oat, the row spacing is 10cm, the width of sowing ridges is 90cm, the spacing of sowing ridges is 30cm, the sowing ridges are 9 rows, and the sowing amount is 18 kg/mu.
D. Harvesting oat mowing in spring: and (5) 20-25 days, wherein the oat is about 90cm in height and is in the middle and later period of booting, the oat is mowed, no stubble is left, and the mowed oat is transported to an ensilage processing area for wrapping processing.
E. Ensiling corn stubble sticking sowing: sowing corn on the original oat sowing ridge for 5 months 26-6 months 1 day by using a film sowing machine, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 70cm, the plant spacing is 25cm, the sowing amount is 2.5 kg/mu, and the diammonium phosphate is applied in a hole sowing mode for 35 kg/mu.
6 months to 9 months, timely spraying herbicide to prevent weeds in the corn seedling stage, and applying 20 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer urea in the large horn mouth stage, taking care of spraying pesticide to prevent leaf eating pests such as corn borers, armyworms and aphids; the 8 months rainy season is concentrated, and attention is paid to drainage.
F. Corn plants mowing and harvesting and plant covering: and (3) 9 months 28-10 months 3 days, corn kernels are in a waxy stage, 1/2 of corn plants are harvested for silage, 1/2 of the corn plants are reserved for whole plant cutting and harvesting for surface coverage, and the kernels reserved for plants are harvested and blended with a mowing part for silage.
E. And (3) performing land arrangement at the end of 2 months in early spring in the coming year, removing residual mulching films, crushing corn stalks covered with the ground surface, returning to the field, fertilizing, and sowing oat, wherein the operation is the same as C-F.
Example 3
A annual rotation planting method for oat-silage corn in coastal saline land comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) land arrangement: constructing a strip field in coastal saline-alkali soil according to the distribution of terrains and ditches in spring, wherein the width of the strip field is 50m, the length of the strip field is 500m, a drainage ditch is excavated in the strip field, the ditch depth is 3m, the bottom width is 2.5m, and the upper opening width is 5m; building water storage ridges around the strip field, wherein the height is 40cm, the width is 70cm, and simultaneously carrying out leveling cultivation on the land block; applying 6 t/mu of cow dung, 30 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate, ploughing and rotary tillage the land for a plurality of times by adopting a furrow plow and a rotary tillage plow, wherein the depth is 23cm, compacting the land by adopting a wheat sowing compacting machine after rotary tillage, sowing corn, and carrying out conventional field management after corn emergence, wherein the variety is silage jades, the row spacing of sowing is 60cm, the plant spacing is 20cm, the sowing quantity is 3 kg/mu.
B. Harvesting the whole corn stalk: 10 months and 10-12 days, the corn plant height is 1.8m, no seeds are formed, and the whole corn plant is cut and harvested and directly covered on the ground surface, so that the soil salt returning in autumn and winter is avoided.
C. Early sowing of oat film in spring: 2 months 25-28 days, directly crushing and returning corn plants on the ground surface by adopting a straw crusher, applying diammonium phosphate 45 kg/mu, respectively ploughing and rotary tillage the land for a plurality of times by adopting a furrow plow and a rotary tillage plow, wherein the depth is 25cm, compacting the land by adopting a wheat sowing compacting machine after rotary tillage, sowing oat by adopting a wheat under-film earthing sowing machine, wherein the variety is a first dam and hulless oat, the row spacing is 10cm, the width of sowing ridges is 90cm, the spacing of sowing ridges is 30cm, the sowing ridges are 9 rows, and the sowing amount is 20 kg/mu.
D. Harvesting oat mowing in spring: and (5) 20-25 days, wherein the oat is about 90cm in height and is in the middle and later period of booting, the oat is mowed, no stubble is left, and the mowed oat is transported to an ensilage processing area for wrapping processing.
E. Ensiling corn stubble sticking sowing: sowing corn on the original oat sowing ridge for 5 months 26-6 months 1 day by using a film sowing machine, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 60cm, the plant spacing is 20cm, the sowing amount is 3 kg/mu, and the diammonium phosphate is applied in a hole sowing mode for 30 kg/mu.
6 months to 9 months, timely spraying herbicide to prevent weeds in the corn seedling stage, and applying 20 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer urea in the large horn mouth stage, taking care of spraying pesticide to prevent leaf eating pests such as corn borers, armyworms and aphids; the 8 months rainy season is concentrated, and attention is paid to drainage.
F. Corn plants mowing and harvesting and plant covering: and (3) 9 months 28-10 months 3 days, corn kernels are in a waxy stage, 1/2 of corn plants are harvested for silage, 1/2 of the corn plants are reserved for whole plant cutting and harvesting for surface coverage, and the kernels reserved for plants are harvested and blended with a mowing part for silage.
E. And (3) performing land arrangement at the end of 2 months in early spring in the coming year, removing residual mulching films, crushing corn stalks covered with the ground surface, returning to the field, fertilizing, and sowing oat, wherein the operation is the same as C-F.
According to the method, the plant coverage is kept on the surface layer of the soil all the time in 2018-2021, the salt content of the soil of a 20cm cultivated layer of 3-5 months is 0.40% -0.45%, the water content of the soil is not lower than 22%, the seedling rate of oat is over 80%, the seedling rate of corn is over 78%, the salt content of the cultivated layer of the soil in the whole growth period of pasture crops is controlled below 0.46%, the yield of one-crop oat seed is 2.3 t/mu, the yield of fresh corn in two-crop silage is 6.23 t/mu, the annual yield is 8.53 t/mu, the net income of oat is increased by 1.5 times compared with the annual double-cropping planting mode of winter wheat-summer corn due to better quality of the oat, and the method is improved by 15% due to the fact that part of straw is returned to the field and organic fertilizer is applied, and the soil organic matter is improved by 20%, and the saline-alkaline land and alkaline land quality is improved by 20% due to the fact that the capacity of the method is improved.
The invention is shown by the test results of the core demonstration area of the coastal saline-alkali soil in Haixing county of Hebei province for 4 years: the cultivation layer soil structure is found to be improved remarkably, the mu benefit is improved remarkably, the first-crop oat is high in salt tolerance and waterlogging resistance, good in quality and good in income increasing effect, and the second-crop silage corn is higher in yield benefit than the conventional silage corn due to the fact that the second-crop silage corn comprises 1/2-2/3 of straw and the whole amount of seeds, the mu yield is ensured, and meanwhile the silage quality can be improved remarkably. The method is highly compatible with the soil water salt migration law of the coastal saline-alkali area, reduces the exposed time of the earth surface and the surface aggregation of soil salt, can produce pasture products with high yield and good quality, greatly meets the increasing requirements of animal husbandry in the coastal saline-alkali area, has important application value in adjusting the industrial structure of the coastal saline-alkali area and improving the promotion of regional agriculture and animal husbandry combination, and has remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits and wide application prospect.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for annual rotation planting of oat-silage corn in coastal saline land, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step a, constructing a strip field in the middle and late 7 months, constructing water storage ridges around the strip field, carrying out flat tillage and fertilization on land, carrying out rotary tillage and turning over the soil, carrying out mechanical compaction, sowing corn, and carrying out conventional field management after the crops emerge;
step b,10 months in the middle ten days, cutting and harvesting the whole corn plant and spreading the whole corn plant on the ground surface;
c, crushing corn stalks laid on the ground surface, returning to the field, fertilizing, rotary tillage and turning over soil, mechanically compacting, covering a mulching film, covering soil on the film, sowing oat, and performing conventional field management after the crop seedlings emerge;
step d, in the middle and late 5 months, the oat is mowed and ensiled in a uniform manner;
step e, directly stubble-attaching sowing, fertilizing and conventional field management are carried out after crops emerge from the bottom of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months;
f, in the last ten days of 9 months to 10 months, corn plants are cut in stubble-retaining mode, seeds are reserved, the corn plants are cut for silage, and the rest corn plants are cut and collected and paved on the ground surface;
step g, crushing the corn stalks laid on the ground surface in the middle and late 2 months of the next year, returning the crushed corn stalks to the field, and carrying out annual rotation of oat-silage corns according to the operation cycle from the step c to the step f.
2. The method for annual rotation of oat-silage corn in coastal saline land according to claim 1, wherein in step a, the width of the strip field is 30-50m and the length is 300-500m; and/or
In the step a, the depth of the field drainage ditch is 1.5-3m, the bottom width is 1-2.5m, and the upper opening width is 3-5m. .
3. The annual rotation planting method of oat-silage corns in coastal saline land according to claim 1, wherein in the step a, the height of the water storage ridge is 30-50cm, and the width is 50-100cm.
4. The annual rotation planting method for oat-silage corns in coastal saline land according to claim 1, wherein in the step a, the applied fertilizer is organic fertilizer and diammonium phosphate, wherein the applied amount of the organic fertilizer is 4-6 t/mu, and the applied amount of the diammonium phosphate is 25-35 kg/mu.
5. The annual rotation planting method of oat-silage corns in coastal saline land according to claim 1, wherein in the step a, the row spacing of the planted corns is 50-70cm, the plant spacing is 15-25cm, and the planting amount is 2.5-3 kg/mu.
6. The method for annual rotation planting of oat-silage corn in coastal saline land of claim 1 wherein in step a, the depth of the ploughing and rotary tillage is 20-25cm.
7. The method for annual rotation planting of oat-silage corn in coastal saline land according to claim 1, wherein in step c, the fertilizer applied is diammonium phosphate with an application amount of 30-45 kg/mu; and/or
In the step c, the depth of the ploughing and rotary tillage is 20-25cm.
8. The annual rotation planting method for oat-silage corns in coastal saline land according to claim 1, wherein in the step c, the row spacing of the planted oat is 10-15cm, the width of the planted ridge is 90-100cm, the spacing of the planted ridge is 20-30cm, and the planting amount is 15-20 kg/mu.
9. The annual rotation planting method of oat-silage corns in coastal saline land according to claim 1, wherein in the step e, the row spacing of the planted corns is 50-70cm, the plant spacing is 15-25cm, and the planting amount is 2.5-3 kg/mu; and/or
In the step e, fertilizer is applied in a hole application mode, wherein the applied fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, and the application amount is 25-35 kg/mu.
10. The method for annual rotation of oat-silage corn in coastal saline land of claim 1 wherein in step f, the height of mowing is 1/2-2/3 of the corn plant height.
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