CN109392630A - A kind of Coastal beach oat-sorghum forage grass is no-tillage alternating method - Google Patents
A kind of Coastal beach oat-sorghum forage grass is no-tillage alternating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109392630A CN109392630A CN201811597665.XA CN201811597665A CN109392630A CN 109392630 A CN109392630 A CN 109392630A CN 201811597665 A CN201811597665 A CN 201811597665A CN 109392630 A CN109392630 A CN 109392630A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Coastal beach oat-sorghum forage grass is no-tillage alternating method, steps of the method are: 1, select planting area；2, spring soil management；3, oat is sowed；4, sorghum forage grass is planted；5, the growth of sorghum forage grass and harvest；6, it changes crops.Method of the invention organically combines crop rotation plantation agricultural and salt-soda soil physics, chemistry, biological treating measure, it is ecology, the alkaline land improving mode that there are of economic and social benefit, transformation and agricultural sustainable development to Coastal beach salt-soda soil have positive facilitation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the sustainable agriculture renovation technique field of Coastal beach, specifically a kind of no-tillage cultivation mechanization kind
It plants, reduce increased production cost production efficiency, promoting the upgrading of salt-soda soil pattern of farming and abundant beach saline-alkali real estate sector structure
Coastal beach oat-sorghum forage grass is no-tillage alternating method.
Background technique
Saline Alkali Stress is current influence one of agricultural production and the main stress factors of fertility.According to state, the United Nations
The land area of Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and food and agricultural organization's incomplete statistics, the whole world 25% is influenced by salination.Chinese saline alkali land area is about
99130000 hm2, the 26.3% of world's saline alkali land area is accounted for, there is large area distribution in coastal and hinterland, and most of saline and alkaline
Ground is constantly in state to be developed.Nearly 1,000 kilometers of jiangsu coast coastline, beach saline-alkali ground area has 68.73 ten thousand hm2, Zhan Quan
The a quarter or so of state's beach area, tidal flat of Jiangsu Province have have a moderate climate, abundant rainfall, photo-thermal is abundant, frost-free period is long
Climatic superiority, be that east China area is most potential, land reserved resources of most worthy.
Most of tidal flat of Jiangsu Province is marine solonchak, has preferable water source and soil condition and good Agro-ecology
Environment, for many years the study found that the barrier factors that Coastal beach solonchak is cultivated and utilized again are mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1. glue-
It is heavy in texture.The soil texture is mostly aleuritic texture clay loam, and particle is fine and closely woven, easy to harden, permeable, poor air permeability, is unfavorable for leaching salt and washes
Alkali.Underground water buried depth is shallow, and salinity is high, the easy accumulation of salt in the surface soil, hinders soil improvement；2. thin-nutrient content is low.Soil organic matter content
0.4-0.6% or so, total nitrogen content 3-4g/kg, quick-acting nitrogen content 25-50mg/kg, available phosphorus contents 3-5mg/kg.Soil nutrient
Content wretched insufficiency, the micronutrient levels such as zinc, manganese, iron, copper, boron also extremely lack；3. the saline and alkaline degree of salt-is high.It reclaims in salt pan
The big portion in soil afterwards is moderate (salt content 0.2-0.4%) and heavy and light degree (salt content >=0.4%) salinized soil, pH value 8.0-
8.5, saline and alkaline double evils are serious, directly affect existing forms, conversion and the validity of soil nutrient.Through testing and analyzing it is found that farming
Soil surface soil (0-20cm) salt content after 4 years is still 0.2-0.4%, jeopardizes crops emergence and keeps a full stand of seedings and normal growth and development.
Soil salt has apparent seasonal variations, predominantly summer and autumn desalination, Winter-Spring salification.Natural vegetation based on alkali fluffy (salt wormwood artemisia),
The saline alkali tolerant plants such as reed are distributed with；4. erosion-windburn is serious.Due to salt pan Kao Hai, wind is more, wind is strong, and the soil after reclaiming is not only
By different degrees of windburn, and soil water evaporation is accelerated to a certain extent, so that it is poly- to accelerate soil salt table.
Therefore, it needs to carry out soil comprehensive improvement after salt pan is reclaimed, improves crop-planting soil environment, prevent the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, just can be achieved
Agricultural high-effiency utilizes.
Currently, the control measures on beach saline-alkali ground have the measures such as physically improved, chemical modifying, biological modification.It is physically improved
Refer to and saline-alkali soil be transformed using the method for physics, such as uses irrigation and drainage system, rinses the methods of desalination, Song Geng, pressure sand,
Achieve the purpose that modified utilization.Wherein, to elute the main means that the engineering measure based on salt discharge is external Saline-alkali Field Control, i.e.,
Establish perfect irrigation and drainage system, in conjunction with plough deeply improve the soil, soil removal and replacement, elution, the measures such as siltation reach reduces the target of arable layer saliferous.
Although engineering measure, using relatively broad, that there is the amounts of labour used is big, input cost is high, it is limited to hold time or is limited to water money
A series of problems, such as source is nervous, and cannot fundamentally reduce soil salt, it is necessary to it is carried out in conjunction with other measures；Chemical modifying is just
It is the property for improveing salt-soda soil using some acid salts substances, reduces the pH value of soil, increase the cationic generation of soil
Transducing power reduces the salt content of soil, enhances the activity of Soil Microorganism and enzyme, promotes plant root growth；Biological modification
Plant improvement salt-soda soil, easy to implement the method, remarkable in economical benefits are used, biological control measure can gradually change the physical characteristic of soil,
Soil texture is set to change, quality becomes loose, ventilative and water storage capacity enhancing.
The measures such as physics, chemistry, biological modification respectively have advantage and disadvantage with administering beach saline-alkali, and single ameliorative measure effect has
Limit, higher cost, the cultivation of Coastal beach agricultural high-effiency is a systematic engineering of business, in salt discharge, while salt, anti-salt, is needed comprehensive
Close with the measures such as physics, chemistry and biology, achieve the purpose that control salt improve the soil, growth promoting of keeping a full stand of seedings.For Coastal beach salt-soda soil
Feature, comprehensive a variety of control measures, develops the crop rotation method in suitable this area salt-soda soil, and it is the most economical for developing sustainable agriculture
Effective measures.Sustainable agriculture contains on a possibility that sustainability of agricultural economy output, the utilization of resources and ecological significance
It is sustainable.Salt-soda soil sustainable agriculture is on the one hand to improve ground mulching degree using biological cycle as mechanism, reduces soil salt；
On the other hand logical comprehensive Saline-alkali Field Control measure, increases soil fertility.
Summary of the invention
In light of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the invention is to provide a kind of no-tillage cultivation mechanized cultivation, reduce
Production efficiency that increased production cost, the Coastal beach for promoting the upgrading of salt-soda soil pattern of farming and abundant beach saline-alkali real estate sector structure
Oat-sorghum forage grass is no-tillage alternating method.
The purpose of the present invention is what is solved by the following technical programs:
A kind of Coastal beach oat-sorghum forage grass is no-tillage alternating method, it is characterised in that: steps of the method are:
1, it selects planting area: determining that plantation is saline and alkaline according to plough horizon salt content and oat-sorghum forage grass salt-tolerant threshold
Plot, winter plough soil 30cm jelly and turn up soil；
2, spring soil management: loose using rotary cultivator rotation rake arable layer 20cm after application organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer
Soil simultaneously makes soil mix mixing with organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer；
3, sow oat: spring plant oat coverage goal field and according to soil moisture content determine irrigate whether, timely Drainage of salt and
Prevent stagnant evil；
4, sorghum forage grass: the month in spring 4-5 is planted, application compound fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and gypsum are as base fertilizer and no-tillage field planting sorghum forage grass
Seedling；
5, the growth of sorghum forage grass and harvest: transplanting fills the gaps with seedlings and rain event is combined to supplement fertilizer when being seriously short of seedling, and sorghum forage grass is raw
Timely disease and pest control during length is until harvest；
6, it changes crops: ploughing soil 30cm after sorghum green fodder harvesting in winter and freeze on the basis of upturned soil, carried out according to step 2~step 5
It changes crops.
Foundation plough horizon salt content and oat-sorghum forage grass salt-tolerant threshold in the step 1 determine plantation salt
The criterion in alkali plot are as follows: arable layer when oat is planted in oat Root Distribution 30cm depth, sodium chloride salt salt-tolerant threshold 0.6%, selection
Sodium salt content control is lower than 0.6%；The sodium chloride salt salt-tolerant threshold 0.5% of sorghum forage grass, control is ploughed when summer is colonized sorghum forage grass
Make 0.5% or less layer sodium chloride salt.
Winter in the step 1 ploughs the upturned soil of soil 30cm jelly and the irrigation canals and ditches away from 3.0m, ditch depth 30cm of ditching prevent stagnant evil.
Organic fertilizer in the step 2 is the farmyard manure based on decomposed feces of livestock and poultry, alcoholic fermentation remnants, and
The content of organic matter in farmyard manure is not less than 30g/kg, and the amount of application of farmyard manure is 3000kg/ mus；It is compound in the step 2
Fertilizer is the compound fertilizer without ammonium ion and chloride ion and amount of application is 20kg~30kg per acre；Nitrogenous fertilizer in step 2 is as base manure
It applies, dosage is 25kg~30kg/ mus.
Desulfurized gypsum is added when organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogen application in the step 2 and is used for soil improvement, it should
CaSO in desulfurized gypsum4•2H2O content is not less than 91.3%, and amount of application is 200kg~500kg/ mus.
Oat application rate in the step 3 is 20kg~30kg/ mus.
Sorghum forage grass sowing quantity in the step 4 is 1kg~1.5kg/ mus.
The amount of application of compound fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and gypsum in the step 4 is respectively 25kg~35kg/ mus, 30kg~40kg/
Mu and 100kg~300kg/ mus.
When sorghum forage grass in the step 4 is planted, Nutrition Soil mixing sorghum forage grass seed is needed to configure to use sowing
The sowing of machine field, the formula of the Nutrition Soil are as follows: mixed with 1/3 sufficiently decomposed organic fertilizer, 2/3 field mellow soil and clap carefully mistake
Sieve is allowed to meet planting with sowing machine requirement；Three 15 nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer 2kg are added in every cube of Nutrition Soil.
Sorghum forage grass stand density in the step 5 is 8000 plants -10000 plants/acre.
The present invention has the following advantages compared with prior art:
The present invention is directed to the characteristics of Coastal beach salt-soda soil, according to plantation field plough horizon salt content and sorghum forage grass kind
Salt Tolerance at Seedling Stage threshold value, determines varieties of plant and region；By crop rotation plantation agricultural and salt-soda soil physics, chemistry, biological treating measure
Organically combine, the efficent rotation rotation of crops can not only obtain high economic benefit, but also soil can be improved under lower investment
The content of organic matter in earth is conducive to fertilizing soil, forms benign cycle；Be ecology, economic and social benefit there are it is excellent
Saline and alkaline ground mode is improved, not only economic benefit is obvious, but also ecological benefits with higher, the transformation to Coastal beach salt-soda soil
Stable development has positive facilitation with Sustainable Agricultural.
Method of the invention effectively improves soil texture, improves crop-planting by applying comprehensive improvement technical measures
Environment promotes crop growth, prevents the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, realizes that salt pan is quickly reclaimed；Pass through adaptability crop varieties simultaneously
Screening and plantation demonstration, can promote salt pan improved effect to a certain extent, form local new dominant crop variety type, mention
High crop planting benefit, improve salt pan reclaim arable land synthesis output and agricultural use value.
Specific embodiment
A kind of Coastal beach oat-sorghum forage grass is no-tillage alternating method, steps of the method are: 1, select planting area:
It is determined according to plough horizon salt content and oat-sorghum forage grass salt-tolerant threshold and plants saline and alkaline plot, specifically: because of oat root
System distribution 30cm is deep, sodium chloride salt salt-tolerant threshold 0.6%, and arable layer sodium salt content control when selection plantation oat is lower than 0.6%；
The sodium chloride salt salt-tolerant threshold 0.5% of sorghum forage grass, summer control 0.5% or less arable layer sodium chloride salt when being colonized sorghum forage grass；
Winter ploughs the upturned soil of soil 30cm jelly and the irrigation canals and ditches away from 3.0m, ditch depth 30cm of ditching prevent stagnant evil；2, spring soil management: application is organic
Using rotary cultivator rotation rake arable layer 20cm after matter fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer, chesson simultaneously makes soil with organic fertilizer, again
Hefei and nitrogenous fertilizer mixing mix, and wherein organic fertilizer is the farmyard manure based on decomposed feces of livestock and poultry, alcoholic fermentation remnants,
And the content of organic matter in farmyard manure is not less than 30g/kg, the amount of application of farmyard manure is 3000kg/ mus；Compound fertilizer be without ammonium from
The compound fertilizer of son and chloride ion and per acre amount of application are 20kg~30kg；Nitrogenous fertilizer is applied as base manure, and dosage is 25kg~30kg/
Mu；Desulfurized gypsum is added simultaneously for replacing sodium and chloride ion in soil, reduces topsoil salt content, the desulfurized gypsum
Middle CaSO4•2H2O content is not less than 91.3%, and amount of application is 200kg~500kg/ mus；3, sow oat: spring plants oat
Coverage goal field, East China is generally by the end of February to carrying out at the beginning of 3 months and oat application rate is 20kg~30kg/mu, in time
Ditch cleaning manages entropy, whether determining irrigation according to soil moisture content；If irrigation need to see it is dry see wet, timely Drainage of salt and prevent stagnant evil；4, it plants
Sorghum forage grass: the month in spring 4-5,25kg~35kg/ mus of compound fertilizer of application, 30kg~40kg/ mus of nitrogenous fertilizer and 100kg~
300kg/ mus of gypsum is as base fertilizer and no-tillage field planting sorghum forage grass seedling；5, the growth of sorghum forage grass and harvest: the growth of sorghum forage grass
Density is 8000 plants~10000 plants/acre；F, it changes crops: ploughing soil 30cm after sorghum green fodder harvesting in winter and freeze on the basis of upturned soil,
It is changed crops according to step 2~step 5.In addition when sorghum forage grass in step 4 is planted, Nutrition Soil mixing sorghum is needed to configure
Forage grass seed is to use seeder field to sow, the formula of the Nutrition Soil are as follows: with 1/3 sufficiently decomposed organic fertilizer, 2/3 field
Between mellow soil mix and clap thin sieving and be allowed to meet planting with sowing machine requirement；Three 15 nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are added in every cube of Nutrition Soil
Compound fertilizer 2kg.This method continuous application, vegetable soil rotary tillage are obvious.
The present invention is directed to the characteristics of Coastal beach salt-soda soil, according to plantation field plough horizon salt content and sorghum forage grass
Varieties In The Seedling Stage salt-tolerant threshold, determines varieties of plant and region；By crop rotation plantation agricultural and salt-soda soil physics, chemistry, biological treating
Measure organically combines, and the efficent rotation rotation of crops can not only obtain high economic benefit, but also can mention under lower investment
High soil with organic matter content is conducive to fertilizing soil, forms benign cycle；Be ecology, economic and social benefit there are it is excellent
The saline and alkaline ground mode of good improvement, not only economic benefit is obvious, but also ecological benefits with higher, to Coastal beach salt-soda soil
Transformation and the stable development of Sustainable Agricultural have positive facilitation.This method is by applying comprehensive improvement technical measures, effectively
Soil texture is improved on ground, improves crop-planting environment, promotes crop growth, prevents the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, realizes that salt pan is fast
It replies immediately and cultivates；Demonstration is screened and planted by adaptability crop varieties simultaneously, can promote salt pan improved effect to a certain extent, is formed
Local new dominant crop variety type, improves crop-planting benefit, improves salt pan and reclaims the synthesis output and agricultural benefit in arable land
With value.
The above examples only illustrate the technical idea of the present invention, and this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention, all
According to the technical idea provided by the invention, any changes made on the basis of the technical scheme each falls within the scope of the present invention
Within；The technology that the present invention is not directed to can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Coastal beach oat-sorghum forage grass is no-tillage alternating method, it is characterised in that: steps of the method are:
1, it selects planting area: determining that plantation is saline and alkaline according to plough horizon salt content and oat-sorghum forage grass salt-tolerant threshold
Plot, winter plough soil 30cm jelly and turn up soil；
2, spring soil management: loose using rotary cultivator rotation rake arable layer 20cm after application organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer
Soil simultaneously makes soil mix mixing with organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer；
3, sow oat: spring plant oat coverage goal field and according to soil moisture content determine irrigate whether, timely Drainage of salt and
Prevent stagnant evil；
4, sorghum forage grass: the month in spring 4-5 is planted, application compound fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and gypsum are as base fertilizer and no-tillage field planting sorghum forage grass
Seedling；
5, the growth of sorghum forage grass and harvest: transplanting fills the gaps with seedlings and rain event is combined to supplement fertilizer when being seriously short of seedling, and sorghum forage grass is raw
Timely disease and pest control during length is until harvest；
6, it changes crops: ploughing soil 30cm after sorghum green fodder harvesting in winter and freeze on the basis of upturned soil, carried out according to step 2~step 5
It changes crops.
2. Coastal beach oat-according to claim 1 sorghum forage grass is no-tillage alternating method, it is characterised in that: the step
Foundation plough horizon salt content and oat-sorghum forage grass salt-tolerant threshold in rapid 1 determine the criterion for planting saline and alkaline plot are as follows:
Oat Root Distribution 30cm depth, sodium chloride salt salt-tolerant threshold 0.6%, arable layer sodium salt content when oat is planted in selection control low
In 0.6%；The sodium chloride salt salt-tolerant threshold 0.5% of sorghum forage grass, summer control arable layer sodium chloride salt when being colonized sorghum forage grass
0.5% or less.
3. Coastal beach oat-according to claim 1 sorghum forage grass is no-tillage alternating method, it is characterised in that: the step
Winter in rapid 1 ploughs the upturned soil of soil 30cm jelly and the irrigation canals and ditches away from 3.0m, ditch depth 30cm of ditching prevent stagnant evil.
4. Coastal beach oat-according to claim 1 sorghum forage grass is no-tillage alternating method, it is characterised in that: the step
Organic fertilizer in rapid 2 is the farmyard manure based on decomposed feces of livestock and poultry, alcoholic fermentation remnants, and organic in farmyard manure
Matter content is not less than 30g/kg, and the amount of application of farmyard manure is 3000kg/ mus；Compound fertilizer in the step 2 is without ammonium ion
Amount of application is 20kg~30kg with the compound fertilizer of chloride ion and per acre；Nitrogenous fertilizer in step 2 is applied as base manure, dosage 25kg
~30kg/ mus.
5. Coastal beach oat-according to claim 1 or 4 sorghum forage grass is no-tillage alternating method, it is characterised in that: described
Desulfurized gypsum is added when organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogen application in step 2 and is used for soil improvement, in the desulfurized gypsum
CaSO4•2H2O content is not less than 91.3%, and amount of application is 200kg~500kg/ mus.
6. Coastal beach oat-according to claim 1 sorghum forage grass is no-tillage alternating method, it is characterised in that: the step
Oat application rate in rapid 3 is 20kg~30kg/ mus.
7. Coastal beach oat-according to claim 1 sorghum forage grass is no-tillage alternating method, it is characterised in that: the step
Sorghum forage grass sowing quantity in rapid 4 is 1kg~1.5kg/ mus.
8. Coastal beach oat-according to claim 1 or claim 7 sorghum forage grass is no-tillage alternating method, it is characterised in that: described
The amount of application of compound fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and gypsum in step 4 is respectively 25kg~35kg/ mus, 30kg~40kg/ mus and 100kg~
300kg/ mus.
9. Coastal beach oat-according to claim 1 sorghum forage grass is no-tillage alternating method, it is characterised in that: the step
In rapid 4 sorghum forage grass plantation when, need to configure Nutrition Soil mixing sorghum forage grass seed to use seeder field to sow, the battalion
Support the formula of soil are as follows: mix with 1/3 sufficiently decomposed organic fertilizer, 2/3 field mellow soil and clap carefully to be sieved and be allowed to meet sowing
The requirement of machine sowing kind；Three 15 nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer 2kg are added in every cube of Nutrition Soil.
10. Coastal beach oat-according to claim 1 sorghum forage grass is no-tillage alternating method, it is characterised in that: the step
Sorghum forage grass stand density in rapid 5 is 8000 plants -10000 plants/acre.
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| CN116018990A (en) * | 2022-12-22 | 2023-04-28 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 | Annual rotation planting method for oat-silage corn in coastal saline-alkali soil |
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Application publication date: 20190301 |