CN115966881A - Satellite-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna and planar antenna array - Google Patents
Satellite-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna and planar antenna array Download PDFInfo
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- CN115966881A CN115966881A CN202310007781.6A CN202310007781A CN115966881A CN 115966881 A CN115966881 A CN 115966881A CN 202310007781 A CN202310007781 A CN 202310007781A CN 115966881 A CN115966881 A CN 115966881A
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Abstract
The invention provides a satellite-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna and a planar antenna array. The top layer radiation waveguide array comprises a plurality of waveguide cavities which are closely arranged, the upper surface of each waveguide cavity is provided with a row of different radiation gaps, and the radiation gaps are different in size and distributed in a staggered mode along a central line. The lower surface of the waveguide cavity is shared with the upper surface of the bottom layer feed waveguide, and an I-shaped coupling gap is formed in the waveguide cavity for feeding. And a metal disturbance block is arranged near the gap of the radiation waveguide cavity and used for adjusting the radiation intensity of the radiation gap. The excitation of the bottom feed waveguide is generated by a coaxial probe. On the premise of ensuring relative bandwidth, the invention combines the quasi traveling wave mode to realize that more gaps are opened on a single waveguide, thereby reducing the number of feed waveguide stages, reducing the weight of the antenna and having great potential application value in a satellite-borne scene.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave antennas, in particular to a satellite-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna and a planar antenna array.
Background
For satellite-borne SAR, the weight of the antenna generally accounts for more than 70% of the weight of the whole SAR load, so that the lightweight antenna is the key of research along with the increasingly wide application market of the microminiature SAR satellite. The waveguide slot phased-array antenna has the advantages of low loss, high power capacity, flexible antenna beam forming and the like, and is widely applied to satellite-borne SAR satellites.
SAR antenna arrays often take the form of waveguide slot arrays. Since the antenna array should not have the frequency-scanning characteristic, the waveguide slot array can only adopt the form of a standing wave array. The conventional waveguide slot standing wave array has narrow-band characteristics, and the bandwidth of a single-row waveguide slot standing wave array is directly related to the number of radiating units. From the approximate relationship between the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of the standing wave array and the number N of slots and relative bandwidth, it can be seen that: the larger the number of slots, the narrower the bandwidth of the antenna. The common solution is to divide the antenna into several sub-arrays to reduce the number of radiation units on each waveguide, feed at the center of the sub-arrays, and feed between the sub-arrays by using a power divider. This approach increases the antenna profile height and increases the overall weight of the antenna.
Generally, the bandwidth of the waveguide gap traveling wave array is very wide, and the waveguide gap traveling wave array can be designed with a large number of gaps to ensure that the beam width reaches the standard. However, the direct use of the waveguide slot traveling wave array can cause the antenna beam to generate frequency scanning, and cannot be applied to the SAR antenna scene. The quasi-traveling wave array can be designed by combining the unit spacing of the traveling wave array, the waveguide gap quasi-traveling wave array does not have the frequency scanning characteristic, and the number of the radiation units on each waveguide can be increased on the premise of ensuring the relative bandwidth.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a satellite-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna which has the advantages of relative working bandwidth of more than 6.25%, narrow beam width, lower side lobe and light overall weight.
The space-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna provided by the invention comprises a top layer radiation waveguide array and a bottom layer feed waveguide;
the top radiation waveguide array comprises a plurality of waveguide cavities which are closely arranged, adjacent waveguide cavities are separated by ridges, and the ridges of the waveguide cavities extend from the lower surfaces of the waveguide cavities to the upper surfaces of the waveguide cavities and are not connected with the upper surfaces of the waveguide cavities;
the upper surface of each waveguide cavity is provided with a row of radiation gaps which are distributed along the central line of each waveguide cavity in a staggered manner;
and the lower surface of the waveguide cavity is provided with a coupling gap, and the coupling gap is connected with the bottom layer feed waveguide.
Preferably, the upper surface of the bottom layer feed waveguide is shared with the lower surface of the waveguide cavity, and an i-shaped coupling slot is formed in the bottom layer feed waveguide, so that energy of the bottom layer feed waveguide enters the radiation waveguide cavity from the coupling slot.
Preferably, a metal disturbance block is arranged in the adjacent area of the radiation gap of the launching waveguide cavity;
the metal disturbance block is used for adjusting the radiation intensity of the radiation gap.
Preferably, a coaxial probe is also included; the coaxial probe is arranged on the lower surface of the waveguide cavity;
the coaxial probe is used for exciting the bottom layer feed waveguide.
Preferably, the inner metal probe of the coaxial probe is inserted into the bottom layer feed waveguide, and the outer shell of the coaxial probe is in contact with the bottom layer copper layer of the bottom layer feed waveguide.
Preferably, the waveguide cavity is a rectangular waveguide, a ridge waveguide or a trapezoidal waveguide.
Preferably, the number N of radiation slits is any value from 3 to 20.
Preferably, the spacing between two adjacent radiation slots is equal, and the spacing is adjacent but not equal to 1/2 of the waveguide wavelength.
Preferably, the top radiation waveguide array operates in a quasi-travelling wave mode.
The planar antenna array provided by the invention comprises M multiplied by N satellite-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antennas, wherein the values of M and N are any natural numbers.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. on the premise of ensuring relative bandwidth, the invention combines the quasi traveling wave mode to realize that more gaps are opened on a single waveguide, thereby reducing the number of feed waveguide stages, reducing the weight of the antenna and having huge potential application value in a satellite-borne scene;
2. the invention is different from the traditional waveguide slot antenna array, the antenna works in a quasi-traveling wave mode, and the working bandwidth of the antenna is effectively widened;
3. the invention is different from the conventional design, and can increase the number of gaps on a single radiation waveguide cavity by combining the quasi-traveling wave design, reduce the stage number of the power divider and greatly reduce the weight of the antenna.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a satellite-borne SAR lightweight waveguide slot phased-array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of a space-borne SAR lightweight waveguide slot phased-array antenna in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top view structure diagram of a 12-element subarray of a spaceborne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of a 24-element subarray of a space-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a simulated standing wave curve of a 12-element sub-array of the space-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a simulated standing wave curve of a 24-element subarray of a space-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a polarization pattern of a 24-element subarray of a satellite-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna on a frequency point of 0.96875f0 in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a polarization pattern of a 24-element subarray of a satellite-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna at a frequency f0 in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a polarization pattern of a 24-element subarray of a satellite-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna on a frequency point of 1.003125f0 in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a polarization pattern of the spaceborne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna at the frequency point of 0.96875f0 in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 11 is a polarization pattern of the satellite-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna at the f0 frequency point in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a polarization pattern of the spaceborne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna on the frequency point of 1.003125f0 in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1 is a waveguide cavity; 2 is a ridge; 3 is a radiation gap; 4 is a coupling gap; 5 is bottom layer feed waveguide; 6 is a metal disturbance block; 7 is a coaxial probe; 8 is an antenna layer; 9 is a four-stage power divider; 10 is a three-stage power divider; 11 is a secondary power divider; 12 is a first-stage power divider.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a satellite-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 2 is a side view of the satellite-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, in the embodiment of the present invention, the satellite-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna according to the present invention may be a 12-element light broadband ridge waveguide slot antenna sub-array, a waveguide cavity 1 is a rectangular waveguide, a ridge waveguide, a trapezoidal waveguide or a circular waveguide, the antenna adopts a low-loss integrated metal cavity structure, the radiation efficiency is up to 85% or more, a ridge 2 is fixedly disposed at the middle-lower portion in the waveguide cavity 1, the top of the ridge 2 is not connected to the inner wall of the top of the waveguide cavity 1, a row of 12 elliptical radiation slots 3 with different sizes is formed on the upper surface of each ridge waveguide, and the radiation slots are distributed in a staggered manner on the central line of the upper surface of the waveguide cavity 1 in the length direction. A rectangular metal disturbance block 6 is arranged near the gap of the radiation waveguide cavity 1, and the disturbance block is positioned on one side of the tail end of the gap and used for adjusting the radiation intensity of the radiation gap 3.
As shown in fig. 3, the spaceborne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be a 24-element light wideband ridge waveguide slot antenna sub-array, and is formed by two 12-element light wideband ridge waveguide slot antenna sub-arrays and 1:2 waveguide power divider, the upper surface of the feed waveguide is shared with the lower surface of the radiation waveguide cavity 1, and the lower surface of the waveguide cavity 1 is provided with an I-shaped coupling gap 4 connected with a bottom feed waveguide 5. The feed waveguide is in a single ridge waveguide form, a coaxial probe 7 is adopted to excite the waveguide cavity 1, an internal metal probe of the coaxial probe 7 is inserted into the bottom layer feed waveguide 5, and the shell of the coaxial probe is in contact with the bottom layer copper layer of the bottom layer feed waveguide 5.
Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a 24-element subarray of a satellite-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 4, the light broadband ridge waveguide slot antenna needs to have a relative bandwidth greater than 6.25%, and according to a related formula of a resonant array of the waveguide slot array, when the radiation slot 3 is a conventional rectangular slot, if a standing wave in the relative bandwidth of 6.25% is less than 1.5, the number of upper slots of a single standing wave array cannot be greater than 3. According to design requirements, 24 central feeding subarrays are needed in the azimuth dimension to realize 144 radiation slots 3, and correspondingly, a group 1:24 five-stage waveguide power divider. In this example, the distance between the radiation slots 3 is near 1/2 of the waveguide wavelength, the antenna works in a quasi-traveling wave mode, a single waveguide slot subarray has 12 radiation slots 3, the design requirement of the azimuth dimension can be met only by 12 central feed subarray arrays, the stage number of the corresponding waveguide power divider is four, compared with the conventional design, the stage number of the first-stage power divider is reduced, the whole weight of the antenna is greatly reduced, and the weight of each square meter is calculated to be 6.4Kg.
In the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 5 is a voltage standing wave ratio curve of a 12-element sub-array of a satellite-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, in the graph, the abscissa is the working frequency, and the unit is GHz, and the ordinate is the return loss, and the unit is dB. The antenna is in the range of 0.96875f0-1.003125f0, the voltage standing wave ratio is less than 1.5, the relative bandwidth is more than 6.25 percent, and good broadband performance is realized.
In the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 6 is a voltage standing wave ratio curve of a 24-element sub-array of a satellite-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, in which the abscissa of the graph is the working frequency and the unit is GHz, and the ordinate is the return loss and the unit is dB. It can be seen from the figure that the antenna is in the range of 0.96875f0 to 1.003125f0, the voltage standing wave ratio is less than 2, the relative bandwidth is greater than 6.25%, and good broadband performance is realized.
In the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 7 to 9 are diagrams of a directional pattern and a cross polarization effect of a 24-element subarray of a satellite-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna on frequency points of 0.96875f0, f0 and 1.003125f0 in the embodiment of the present invention, respectively, where the abscissa is an angle, the unit is degree, the ordinate is amplitude, and the unit is decibel, that is, dB. The cross polarization of the three frequency points is 61dB, 61dB and 62.6dB respectively, and the isolation is good, so that good cross polarization suppression is realized.
In the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 10 to 12 are graphs of a directional diagram and a cross polarization effect of a satellite-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna at frequency points of 0.96875f0, f0 and 1.003125f0 in the embodiment of the present invention, where the abscissa is an angle, the unit is degree, the ordinate is amplitude, and the unit is decibel, that is, dB. The figure shows that the side lobes of three frequency points are respectively-13.47 dB, -13.27dB and-13.22 dB, the cross polarization is 61dB, 61dB and 62.7dB, the cross polarization suppression is realized well, and the performance of the array is consistent with that of a 24-array element subarray.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, equivalents, and improvements can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Other embodiments of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the application and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the application being indicated by the following claims
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A spaceborne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna is characterized by comprising a top layer radiation waveguide array and a bottom layer feed waveguide;
the top-layer radiation waveguide array comprises a plurality of waveguide cavities (1) which are closely arranged, adjacent waveguide cavities (1) are separated by ridges (2), and the ridges (2) of the waveguide cavities extend from the lower surfaces of the waveguide cavities to the upper surfaces of the waveguide cavities and are not connected with the upper surfaces of the waveguide cavities;
the upper surface of each waveguide cavity (1) is provided with a row of radiation gaps (3), and the radiation gaps (3) are distributed along the central line of each waveguide cavity (1) in a staggered manner;
the lower surface of the waveguide cavity (1) is provided with a coupling gap (4), and the coupling gap (4) is connected with the bottom layer feed waveguide (5).
2. The spaceborne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the upper surface of the bottom layer feed waveguide (5) is shared with the lower surface of the waveguide cavity (1), and an I-shaped coupling slot (4) is opened on the bottom layer feed waveguide, so that the energy of the bottom layer feed waveguide (5) enters the radiation waveguide cavity (1) from the coupling slot (4).
3. The spaceborne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a metal perturbation block (6) is arranged in the vicinity of the radiation slot (3) of the launching waveguide cavity (1);
and the metal disturbance block (6) is used for adjusting the radiation intensity of the radiation gap (3).
4. The spaceborne SAR light waveguide slot phased array antenna of claim 1 further comprising a coaxial probe (7); the coaxial probe (7) is arranged on the lower surface of the waveguide cavity (1);
the coaxial probe (7) is used for exciting the bottom layer feed waveguide (5).
5. The spaceborne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that the inner metal probe of the coaxial probe (7) is inserted into the bottom layer feed waveguide (5), and the outer shell of the coaxial probe (7) is in contact with the bottom layer copper layer of the bottom layer feed waveguide (5).
6. The spaceborne SAR light waveguide slot phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the waveguide cavity (1) is a rectangular waveguide, a ridge waveguide or a trapezoidal waveguide.
7. The spaceborne SAR light waveguide slot phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the number N of the radiating slots (3) is any value from 3 to 20.
8. The spaceborne SAR light waveguide slot phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacing between two adjacent radiation slots (3) is equal, adjacent but not equal to 1/2 of the waveguide wavelength.
9. The spaceborne SAR light waveguide slot phased array antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top layer radiation waveguide array operates in quasi-traveling wave mode.
10. A planar antenna array comprising M x N space-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antennas according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein M and N are any natural number.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310007781.6A CN115966881A (en) | 2023-01-04 | 2023-01-04 | Satellite-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna and planar antenna array |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310007781.6A CN115966881A (en) | 2023-01-04 | 2023-01-04 | Satellite-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna and planar antenna array |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN115966881A true CN115966881A (en) | 2023-04-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202310007781.6A Pending CN115966881A (en) | 2023-01-04 | 2023-01-04 | Satellite-borne SAR light waveguide slot phased-array antenna and planar antenna array |
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| CN (1) | CN115966881A (en) |
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- 2023-01-04 CN CN202310007781.6A patent/CN115966881A/en active Pending
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