CN118073849B - Millimeter wave wide angle scanning array antenna based on complementary source and suspension decoupling super surface - Google Patents
Millimeter wave wide angle scanning array antenna based on complementary source and suspension decoupling super surface Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The millimeter wave wide-angle scanning array antenna based on the complementary source and the suspension decoupling super-surface comprises a plurality of wide beam antenna units and the suspension decoupling super-surface which is suspended above the plurality of wide beam antenna units; the wide-beam antenna unit comprises a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate and a third dielectric plate; the lower surface of the first dielectric plate is printed with a first metal floor, and the upper surface of the first dielectric plate is printed with a second metal floor; the middle parts of the two ends of the second metal floor in the X-axis direction are respectively etched with a first grounding coplanar waveguide and a second grounding coplanar waveguide; four complementary sources are arranged between the first grounding coplanar waveguide and the second grounding coplanar waveguide, and each complementary source comprises a gap and a circular metal through hole. The invention has wider scanning angle and higher port isolation at smaller cell spacing; the beam coverage, the system capacity and the data transmission rate of the 5G millimeter wave terminal can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of millimeter wave phased array antennas, in particular to a millimeter wave wide angle scanning array antenna based on a complementary source and a suspension decoupling super surface.
Background
The realization and commercial use of 5G technology is an innovative advancement in the field of mobile communications, and the core goal is to facilitate people by realizing everything interconnection, including person-to-person, person-to-thing, and thing-to-thing interconnection. In order to realize such a huge and intricate interconnection network, the characteristics of high code rate, low delay, and high device density must be realized. Compared with the 4G system, the 5G system mainly expands the working frequency by obtaining wider bandwidth in a millimeter wave band. As such, millimeter wave phased array antennas with directivity are a key technology for 5G systems. Therefore, the design of the millimeter wave phased array antenna with the characteristic of wide scanning angle has important research significance and great application prospect in the field of communication antennas.
2017 Zhang Shuai et al propose a planar millimeter wave beam scanning array antenna （Zhang S, Chen X, Syrytsin I, et al. A planar switchable 3-D-coverage phased array antenna and its user effects for 28-GHz mobile terminal applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2017, 65(12): 6413-6421.）. applied to a 5G mobile terminal, wherein the array antenna comprises three slot antennas with basically the same structural dimensions, each slot antenna is composed of 8 slot units, and three slot antennas are arranged in parallel at unequal intervals to construct a 3×8 array antenna. The phase of each slot antenna is independently regulated, the 5dB scanning angle realized by the array reaches +/-60 degrees, the bandwidth is 7.1 percent (27-29 GHz), and only n261 (27.5-28.35 GHz) frequency bands are covered, but the phased array scanning is not performed by pointing the peak value of the main lobe to a specific angle, which is commonly used at present, but the main lobes of the three subarrays are respectively pointed to different directions, and the scanning is realized by switching.
In 2018 Yu Bin et al proposed a millimeter wave beam scanning array antenna （Yu B., Yang K., Sim C. -Y. -D. and Yang G., "A Novel 28 GHz Beam Steering Array for 5G Mobile Device With Metallic Casing Application," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 462-466, Jan. 2018.）. for a 5G mobile terminal, in which the antenna unit uses a metal back cavity slot antenna, a stepped probe structure is used to feed, 8 units are arranged in parallel to form a1×8-array element phased array, and finally two phased arrays are respectively arranged at the left and right edges of the mobile phone back plate and directly connected with an RFIC. The array finally realizes 8.1% of bandwidth (27.5-30 GHz) and covers n261 (27.5-28.35 GHz) frequency bands, and the 3dB wave beam coverage is +/-60 degrees.
In 2020, deng Changjiang et al propose a millimeter wave series feed phased array antenna （Deng C., Liu D., Yektakhah B. and Sarabandi K., "Series-Fed Beam-Steerable Millimeter-Wave Antenna Design With Wide Spatial Coverage for 5G Mobile Terminals," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 3366-3376, May 2020.）. array for a 5G mobile terminal, which is composed of ten patch units, a ground plane with two rows of slots and a microstrip transmission line, and has a sandwich-like stacked structure. The radiator and the transmission line are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the ground plane, so that the radiator and the power division network can be flexibly designed. The array finally achieves a total of 121 deg. 3dB beam coverage from-53 deg. to 68 deg., with an impedance bandwidth of 7.1% (27-29 GHz) covering the n261 (27.5-28.35 GHz) band.
In 2019, yi Zhiming et al proposed a phased array antenna （Z. Yi et al., "A Wide-Angle Beam Scanning Antenna in E-plane for K-band Radar Sensor," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 171684-171690, 2019.）. for a millimeter wave radar sensor, which uses a magneto-electric dipole to make a1×4-array element sub-array realize a beam width of 140 ° on the E-plane, and uses the sub-array to form a4×4-array element millimeter wave radar operating in the K-band. The 10-dB impedance bandwidth of the 1×4 array element subarray is 5.4% (22.8-24.1 GHz), and the E-plane beam width is 140 degrees. Finally, the 4 multiplied by 4 array element millimeter wave radar realizes a 3dB wave beam scanning range of +/-60 degrees in the passband.
2022, Zhao Luyu et al propose an array antenna （L. Zhao, Y. He, G. Zhao, X. Chen, G. -L. Huang and W. Lin, "Scanning Angle Extension of a Millimeter-Wave Antenna Array Using Electromagnetic Band Gap Ground," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 70, no. 8, pp. 7264-7269, Aug. 2022.）. array using 5G millimeter waves, which uses not only wide-beam antenna elements, but also electromagnetic bandgap ground structures to reduce mutual coupling effects generated by small array element pitches, where feed ports are symmetrically placed and fed through coplanar waveguides, and finally the array element pitches are 0.4λ0, λ0 represents a spatial wavelength of 26GHz, the isolation between array elements reaches 17dB or more, and a 3dB beam scanning range of ±75° is realized at 26 GHz.
It is seen from the above prior art that the existing millimeter wave phased array scanning angle is not wide enough, and is not enough to support a large-angle data transmission range in an actual scene, and needs to be improved and perfected.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to address the deficiencies of the prior art by providing a millimeter wave wide angle scanning array antenna based on complementary sources and suspended decoupling supersurfaces with wider scan angles and higher port isolation at smaller cell pitches.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A millimeter wave wide angle scanning array antenna based on a complementary source and a suspension decoupling super surface comprises a plurality of wide beam antenna units which are sequentially arranged in parallel along a Y axis, and a suspension decoupling super surface which is suspended above the plurality of wide beam antenna units;
The wide beam antenna unit comprises a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate and a third dielectric plate which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top along a Z axis; the lower surface of the first dielectric plate is printed with a first metal floor, and the upper surface of the first dielectric plate is printed with a second metal floor; the first dielectric plate is provided with a rectangular metal through hole array, and the first metal floor and the second metal floor are connected in a short circuit manner through the rectangular metal through hole array;
The middle parts of the two ends of the second metal floor in the X-axis direction are respectively etched with a first grounding coplanar waveguide and a second grounding coplanar waveguide, and the first grounding coplanar waveguide and the second grounding coplanar waveguide adopt differential feeding; four complementary sources are arranged between the first grounding coplanar waveguide and the second grounding coplanar waveguide, and each complementary source comprises a gap and a circular metal through hole; the gap is etched on the second metal floor, and the length direction of the gap is parallel to the X axis; the circular metal through holes penetrate through the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate along the Z-axis direction and are arranged on one side of the Y-axis direction of the corresponding gap.
Further, in each wide beam antenna element, the rectangular metal via array includes two sets of rectangular metal via longitudinal arrays and one set of rectangular metal via lateral arrays; the two groups of rectangular metal through hole longitudinal arrays are arranged along the X-axis direction and are respectively arranged at the edges of the two sides of the Y-axis direction of the wide beam antenna unit; the rectangular metal via transverse array passes through the center of the wide beam antenna element and is arranged along the Y-axis direction.
Further, the first dielectric plates, the second dielectric plates, the third dielectric plates, the first metal floors and the second metal floors of the plurality of wide beam antenna units are respectively integrally formed; the junctions of two adjacent wide beam antenna units share the same rectangular metal through hole longitudinal array.
Further, the spacing between the centers of two adjacent wide beam antenna units in the Y-axis direction is 0.38 wavelength of the center frequency of the frequency band covered by the array antenna.
Further, in each wide beam antenna unit, rectangular grooves are formed in the middle of the second dielectric plate and the middle of the third dielectric plate, and the length direction of each rectangular groove is parallel to the X axis;
The gaps of the four complementary sources are all arranged in the coverage area of the rectangular groove, and the round metal through holes of the four complementary sources are all arranged outside the coverage area of the rectangular groove; the rectangular groove penetrates through the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate along the Z-axis direction, so that gaps of four complementary sources are exposed out of the rectangular groove.
Further, in each wide beam antenna unit, circular grooves are respectively etched on the second metal floor corresponding to the circular metal through holes of the four complementary sources, a microstrip ring is printed in the middle of each circular groove, and the microstrip ring is electrically connected with the circular metal through holes.
Further, in each wide beam antenna element, the four complementary sources are a first complementary source, a second complementary source, a third complementary source, and a fourth complementary source, respectively; the first complementary source, the second complementary source, the third complementary source and the fourth complementary source are sequentially staggered along the X-axis direction;
Taking the center of a wide beam antenna unit as an origin, arranging a first complementary source in the X-axis negative direction and the Y-axis negative direction of the origin, arranging a second complementary source in the X-axis negative direction and the Y-axis positive direction of the origin, arranging a third complementary source in the X-axis positive direction and the Y-axis negative direction of the origin, and arranging a fourth complementary source in the X-axis positive direction and the Y-axis positive direction of the origin; the first complementary source and the fourth complementary source are distributed in a central symmetry mode with respect to an origin, and the second complementary source and the third complementary source are distributed in a central symmetry mode with respect to the origin.
Further, the first complementary source includes a first slot and a first circular metal via; the second complementary source comprises a second slit and a second circular metal through hole; the third complementary source comprises a third slit and a third circular metal through hole; the fourth complementary source comprises a fourth slit and a fourth circular metal through hole;
The first gap and the third gap are both positioned on the first straight line, the second gap and the fourth gap are both positioned on the second straight line, the first circular metal through hole and the third circular metal through hole are both positioned on the third straight line, and the second circular metal through hole and the fourth circular metal through hole are both positioned on the fourth straight line; the first, second, third and fourth lines are all parallel to the X-axis and are not collinear with each other.
Further, the suspension decoupling super-surface comprises a fourth dielectric plate which is arranged above the first dielectric plate in a suspending way, and a super-surface unit array printed on the upper surface of the fourth dielectric plate;
The super-surface unit array comprises a plurality of columns of super-surface units which are arranged in parallel and side by side, a column of super-surface units is arranged between every two adjacent wide beam antenna units, and each column of super-surface units is formed by arranging super-surface units with the same quantity along the X-axis direction.
Further, each of the super surface units comprises a square metal patch and a square annular metal patch; the square metal patch is arranged in the middle of the square annular metal patch, so that the whole super-surface unit is in a 'reverse' shape.
According to the invention, the traditional SIW slot antenna is folded to form two mutually symmetrical grounded coplanar waveguides, and the feeding is performed in a differential feeding mode, so that the problem of inclination of an H-plane directional diagram of the antenna is corrected, the symmetrical H-plane directional diagram with the maximum power point at 0 DEG is realized, the E-plane directional diagram is improved, and the E-plane beam width is improved.
Furthermore, the monopole and the equivalent magneto-rheological element of the gap are introduced through the circular metal through hole to form a complementary source, so that the beam width of the E face is widened, and the wide beam characteristic is realized.
The invention also realizes decoupling among antenna units by arranging the suspension decoupling super surface above the array antenna, reduces the coupling effect among the antenna units and effectively expands the scanning angle range on the passband; and the antenna array can be arranged at small array element intervals, and meanwhile, good isolation is kept.
The millimeter wave wide-angle scanning array antenna based on the complementary source and the suspension decoupling super surface has a wider scanning angle and higher port isolation when the unit spacing is smaller; the method can effectively improve the beam coverage, the system capacity and the data transmission rate of the 5G millimeter wave terminal, and has great application prospect and application value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of a structure of a millimeter wave wide-angle scanning array antenna based on a complementary source and a suspended decoupling super surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of a millimeter wave wide angle scanning array antenna based on complementary sources and a suspended decoupling supersurface according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a side view of a millimeter-wave wide-angle scanning array antenna based on complementary sources and a suspended decoupling supersurface provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is an overall configuration diagram of a wide beam antenna unit in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a top view of a wide beam antenna element in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a side view of a wide beam antenna element in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a diagram of an evolution process of a wide beam antenna unit in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a comparison of the E, H side pattern of the antenna element at 24.1GHz before and after implementation of the modification S1 of fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a graph comparing the simulation results of the |s 11 | of the antenna unit before and after the implementation of the modification process S2 in fig. 7.
Fig. 10 is a comparison of the E, H side pattern of the antenna element at 24.1GHz before and after implementation of the modification S2 of fig. 7.
Fig. 11 is a comparison of Half Power Beamwidth (HPBW) simulation results of the antenna unit before and after implementation of the modification processes S1-S2 in fig. 7.
Fig. 12 is a graph showing the electric field distribution of the antenna unit before and after the modification process S1 in fig. 7.
Fig. 13 is a simulation diagram of |s 11 |, gain, and half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of a wide-beam antenna unit in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a graph comparing simulation results of scattering parameters of an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention before and after adding a suspension decoupling super surface.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the millimeter wave wide-angle scanning array antenna based on the complementary source and the suspension decoupling super-surface provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a plurality of wide beam antenna units which are sequentially arranged in parallel along a Y-axis, and the suspension decoupling super-surface which is suspended above the plurality of wide beam antenna units.
As shown in fig. 4 to 6, the wide beam antenna unit includes a first dielectric plate 11, a second dielectric plate 12 and a third dielectric plate 13 which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top along the Z-axis; the lower surface of the first dielectric plate 11 is printed with a first metal floor 21, and the upper surface of the first dielectric plate 11 is printed with a second metal floor 22; the first dielectric plate 11 is provided with a rectangular metal through hole array 20, and the first metal floor 21 and the second metal floor 22 are in short circuit connection through the rectangular metal through hole array 20;
The middle parts of the two ends of the second metal floor 22 in the X-axis direction are respectively etched with a first grounded coplanar waveguide 221 and a second grounded coplanar waveguide 222, and the first grounded coplanar waveguide 221 and the second grounded coplanar waveguide 222 adopt differential feeding; four complementary sources are arranged between the first grounding coplanar waveguide 221 and the second grounding coplanar waveguide 222, and each complementary source comprises a slot 5 and a circular metal through hole 4; the slit 5 is etched on the second metal floor 22, and its length direction is parallel to the X axis; the circular metal through-hole 4 penetrates the first dielectric plate 11, the second dielectric plate 12, and the third dielectric plate 13 in the Z-axis direction, and is provided at one side in the Y-axis direction of the corresponding slit 5.
In each wide beam antenna element, the four complementary sources are a first complementary source 31, a second complementary source 32, a third complementary source 33 and a fourth complementary source 34, respectively; the first complementary source 31, the second complementary source 32, the third complementary source 33 and the fourth complementary source 34 are sequentially staggered along the X-axis direction. Specifically, with the center of the wide beam antenna unit as the origin, the first complementary source 31 is disposed in the X-axis negative direction and the Y-axis negative direction of the origin, the second complementary source 32 is disposed in the X-axis negative direction and the Y-axis positive direction of the origin, the third complementary source 33 is disposed in the X-axis positive direction and the Y-axis negative direction of the origin, and the fourth complementary source 34 is disposed in the X-axis positive direction and the Y-axis positive direction of the origin; the first complementary source 31 and the fourth complementary source 34 are distributed in a central symmetry about an origin, and the second complementary source 32 and the third complementary source 33 are distributed in a central symmetry about the origin.
Specifically, the first complementary source 31 comprises a first slit 51 and a first circular metal through hole 41; the second complementary source 32 includes a second slit 52 and a second circular metal via 42; the third complementary source 33 comprises a third slit 53 and a third circular metal via 43; the fourth complementary source 34 includes a fourth slit 54 and a fourth circular metal via 44.
Wherein the first slit 51 and the third slit 53 are located on a first straight line, the second slit 52 and the fourth slit 54 are located on a second straight line, the first circular metal through hole 41 and the third circular metal through hole 43 are located on a third straight line, and the second circular metal through hole 42 and the fourth circular metal through hole 44 are located on a fourth straight line; the first, second, third and fourth lines are all parallel to the X-axis and are not collinear with each other.
Further, in each wide beam antenna unit, circular grooves are etched on the second metal floor 22 corresponding to the circular metal through holes 4 of the four complementary sources, a microstrip ring 6 is printed in the middle of each circular groove, and the microstrip ring 6 is electrically connected with the circular metal through holes 4. Specifically, the microstrip ring 6 includes a first microstrip ring 61, a second microstrip ring 62, a third microstrip ring 63, and a fourth microstrip ring 64, and the first microstrip ring 61, the second microstrip ring 62, the third microstrip ring 63, and the fourth microstrip ring 64 are disposed at the first circular metal through hole 41, the second circular metal through hole 42, the third circular metal through hole 43, and the fourth circular metal through hole 44, respectively.
Further, in each wide beam antenna unit, the middle parts of the second dielectric plate 12 and the third dielectric plate 13 are provided with rectangular grooves 10, and the length direction of the rectangular grooves 10 is parallel to the X axis. The gaps 5 of the four complementary sources are all arranged in the coverage area of the rectangular groove 10, and the round metal through holes 4 of the four complementary sources are all arranged outside the coverage area of the rectangular groove 10; the rectangular trench 10 penetrates the second dielectric plate 12 and the third dielectric plate 13 along the Z-axis direction, so that the slits 5 of four complementary sources are exposed from the rectangular trench 10.
Further, in each wide beam antenna element, the rectangular metal via array 20 includes two sets of rectangular metal via longitudinal arrays and one set of rectangular metal via lateral arrays; the two groups of rectangular metal through hole longitudinal arrays are arranged along the X-axis direction and are respectively arranged at the edges of the two sides of the Y-axis direction of the wide beam antenna unit; the rectangular metal via transverse array passes through the center of the wide beam antenna element and is arranged along the Y-axis direction.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, the first dielectric plate 11, the second dielectric plate 12, the third dielectric plate 13, the first metal floor 21 and the second metal floor 22 of the plurality of wide beam antenna units are integrally formed; the junctions of two adjacent wide beam antenna units share the same rectangular metal through hole longitudinal array. The spacing between the centers of two adjacent wide beam antenna units in the Y-axis direction is 0.38 wavelength of the center frequency of the frequency band covered by the array antenna.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the suspended decoupling super-surface includes a fourth dielectric plate 14 suspended above the first dielectric plate 11, and a super-surface unit array 23 printed on the upper surface of the fourth dielectric plate 14; the super-surface unit array 23 includes a plurality of columns of super-surface units arranged parallel to each other, a column of super-surface units is arranged between every two adjacent wide beam antenna units, and each column of super-surface units is formed by arranging a plurality of super-surface units with equal numbers along the X-axis direction.
Wherein each of the super surface units comprises a square metal patch and a square annular metal patch; the square metal patch is arranged in the middle of the square annular metal patch, so that the whole super-surface unit is in a 'reverse' shape.
In this embodiment, the materials of the first dielectric plate 11, the third dielectric plate 13 and the fourth dielectric plate 14 are Rogers RO4003, the relative dielectric constant is 3.55, and the loss tangent is 0.0027; the thickness of the third dielectric plate 13 and the fourth dielectric plate 14 is 0.305 mm, and the thickness of the first dielectric plate 11 is 0.508mm. The material of the second dielectric plate 12 was Rogers CuClad to 6250, its relative dielectric constant was 2.32, loss tangent was 0.0013, and thickness was 0.038 to mm. In this embodiment, the overall size of the millimeter wave wide angle scanning array antenna based on the complementary source and the suspended decoupling super surface is 39.1×29×5.2 mm 3(3.14×2.33×0.42λ0 3), and the array element pitch is 4.7mm (0.38λ 0); the array antenna is 39.1 x 29 x 0.869 mm 3(3.6×1.0×0.07 λ0 3 in size without considering the suspended decoupling supersurface structure, where λ 0 represents the free space wavelength of the center frequency 24.1 GHz.
Fig. 7 shows an evolution process diagram of a wide beam antenna unit in an embodiment of the present invention. Compared with the prior art, the SIW slot antenna is folded through the improvement process S1 on the basis of the traditional SIW slot antenna, so that the symmetrically arranged grounded coplanar waveguides are added, and the grounded coplanar waveguides at two ends are fed in a differential feeding mode. On the basis, a circular metal through hole 4 is added beside each gap 5 through the improvement process S2, the circular metal through hole 4 is used for introducing a monopole to form a current source, and the circular metal through hole and the magnetic current elements equivalent to the gaps 5 form a complementary source.
As shown in fig. 8, the present invention corrects the problem of the asymmetry of the H-plane pattern of the conventional SIW slot antenna by implementing the folding operation of the modification process S1, realizes the H-plane pattern which is symmetrical and has the maximum power point at 0 °, and improves the beam pattern and gain of the E-plane pattern.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, before and after the circular metal through hole 4 added in the improvement process S2 is introduced into the monopole, the 10-dB impedance bandwidths of the antenna unit are 2.91% (23.72-24.42 GHz) and 2.93% (23.84-24.55 GHz), respectively, and almost no change occurs, so that frequency offset is generated; but the E-plane pattern of the antenna element is widened, for example, at 24.1ghz, the 3db beamwidth is widened from the original 142.4 ° to 195.9 °. At the same time, the H-plane pattern has little change, and good symmetry is still maintained.
Fig. 11 shows the changes of Half Power Beam Width (HPBW) before and after folding and before and after introducing a monopole, and as can be seen from the figure, the E-plane beam width of the antenna is greatly widened by introducing a monopole by adding a circular metal through hole 4, the 3dB beam width is larger than 193.2 degrees, the widest reaches 198.6 degrees (reaching 196.3 degrees on average), and compared with the traditional SIW slot antenna, the 3dB beam width of the wide beam antenna unit in the embodiment is improved by 89.2 degrees on average, and is improved by 96.3 degrees at maximum; the 3dB beamwidth is improved by 52.5 ° on average and by 67 ° at maximum, compared to before adding the circular metal vias 4.
Specifically, the present invention corrects the H-plane beam pattern by improving the folding operation of process S1 as follows: fig. 12 (a) and 12 (b) show electric field distribution diagrams of a conventional SIW slot antenna of 1×4 array elements before and after folding, respectively. As can be seen from (a) of fig. 12, the electric field intensity of each slot distribution of the 1×4-element conventional SIW slot antenna is different, and the electric field intensity of the first three slot distributions is relatively strong, and the electric field intensity of the last slot distribution is relatively weak; according to fig. 12 (b), a1×4-element folded SIW slot antenna is obtained by folding a1×4-element conventional SIW slot antenna, and may also be regarded as a pair of 1×2-element SIW slot antennas arranged symmetrically about the center. From the figure, it can be found that the electric field intensities of two slot distributions of the 1×2-array element SIW slot antenna are similar, and the electric field intensities of a pair of 1×2-array element SIW slot antennas which are distributed in a central symmetry manner are also distributed in a central symmetry manner, so that the problem of uneven slot radiation intensity distribution caused by uneven slot electric field intensity distribution of the traditional SIW slot antenna is solved.
The invention realizes the principle of beam broadening effect by improving the circular metal through hole 4 added in the process S2 as follows: firstly, through improving the process S1, the invention solves the problem of uneven slot radiation intensity distribution caused by uneven slot electric field intensity distribution of the traditional SIW slot antenna, and improves the E-plane and H-plane directional patterns of the antenna unit. On this basis, by adding four circular metal vias 4 in the folded antenna element, a monopole is introduced in the antenna. Since the slot 5 in the antenna element can be equivalently a magneto-rheological element, a set of circular metal through holes 4 and the slot 5 placed together can form a set of complementary sources, so that the beam width of the E face is widened.
Fig. 13 shows the final performance of the wide beam antenna element in this embodiment, including S-parameters, gain and Half Power Beamwidth (HPBW). As shown in fig. 13, the wide beam antenna element in the embodiment of the present invention achieves a 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 2.93% (23.84-24.55 GHz). In the frequency range of 23.84-24.55GHz, the half-power beamwidth of the wide-beam antenna element is greater than 193.2 °, with a maximum of 198.6 ° (on average 196.3 °). The gain of the wide beam antenna unit in the passband is stable, and the average gain in the passband is 7.29dBi.
Furthermore, the invention decouples through arranging the suspension decoupling super-surface structure above the wide beam antenna unit, reduces the coupling effect between units and effectively expands the scanning angle range on the passband.
Specifically, the decoupling principle of the suspension decoupling super surface in the embodiment of the invention is as follows: when the wide beam antenna unit is excited, electromagnetic waves radiate from the slot 5, and the main radiation direction is along the Z-axis direction; during radiation, a portion of the energy is coupled into adjacent antenna elements along the Y-axis, forming a coupled wave. After the electromagnetic wave radiated out along the Z axis passes through the suspension decoupling super surface, part of the electromagnetic wave can be continuously projected out along the Z axis; some electromagnetic waves are reflected back due to the action of the suspended decoupling super surface, so that reflected waves are formed. The height of the suspension decoupling super surface determines the phase of the reflected wave, the material selected for the suspension medium (the fourth medium plate 14) and the thickness thereof and the combined action of the super surface units determine the intensity of the reflected wave, and when the reflected wave is opposite to the coupled wave and the intensity is similar to the coupled wave, the coupling between adjacent antenna units can be well counteracted, so that the array antenna can realize better scanning performance.
Fig. 14 (a) and 14 (b) are graphs showing simulation results of scattering parameters of the array antenna without adding the suspension decoupling super surface and with adding the suspension decoupling super surface, respectively. As can be seen from fig. 14 (a), both of |s 13|、|S15|、|S17 | and |s 35 | in the scattering parameters of the array antenna without the addition of the suspension decoupling super surface are smaller than-11.5 dB, where |s 17 | is smaller than-22.75 dB; as can be seen from fig. 14 (b), both of |s 13|、|S15|、|S17 | and |s 35 | in the scattering parameters of the array antenna when the suspension decoupling super surface is added are smaller than-17.5 dB, where |s 17 | is smaller than-25 dB. As can be seen from fig. 14, the coupling between the antenna units of the array antenna is greatly reduced after the suspension decoupling super-surface is added, and the suspension decoupling super-surface effectively plays a role in decoupling.
In summary, the invention forms two mutually symmetrical grounded coplanar waveguides by folding the traditional SIW slot antenna and feeds the two coplanar waveguides in a differential feeding mode, thereby solving the problem of inclination of the H-plane directional diagram of the antenna, realizing the H-plane directional diagram which is symmetrical and has the maximum power point of 0 DEG, improving the E-plane directional diagram and improving the E-plane beam width. Furthermore, the monopole and the equivalent magneto-rheological element of the gap are introduced through the circular metal through hole to form a complementary source, so that the beam width of the E face is widened, and the wide beam characteristic is realized. The invention also realizes decoupling among antenna units by arranging the suspension decoupling super surface above the array antenna, reduces the coupling effect among the antenna units and effectively expands the scanning angle range on the passband; and the antenna array can be arranged at small array element intervals, and meanwhile, good isolation is kept.
Based on the structure, the invention provides a wide-beam antenna unit and a millimeter wave wide-angle scanning array antenna based on a complementary source and a suspension decoupling super-surface, aiming at the problems of asymmetric H-plane directional diagram and narrower millimeter wave phased array scanning angle of the existing SIW series fed antenna.
The wide-beam antenna unit realizes 6.72% of impedance bandwidth (23.0-24.6 GHz) and covers the millimeter wave 24.0-24.25GHz frequency band. In the range of 24.0-24.25GHz frequency band, the 3dB beam width of the wide beam antenna unit is larger than 193.2 degrees, and the maximum width reaches 198.6 degrees (the average reaches 196.3 degrees). Compared with the prior art, the 3dB beam width of the wide beam antenna unit is averagely improved by 89.3 degrees, and the maximum is improved by 96.3 degrees. Based on the wide-beam antenna unit, the array antenna provided by the invention realizes an impedance bandwidth of 6.72% (23.0-24.6 GHz), covers a millimeter wave 24.0-24.25GHz frequency band, and achieves wide-angle scanning characteristics due to the wide-beam performance and smaller array element spacing of the wide-beam antenna unit. The 3dB scan angle of the array antenna is greater than + -72 DEG and the widest reaches + -78 DEG in the whole working frequency band.
The millimeter wave wide-angle scanning array antenna based on the complementary source and the suspension decoupling super surface has a wider scanning angle and higher port isolation when the unit spacing is smaller; the method can effectively improve the beam coverage, the system capacity and the data transmission rate of the 5G millimeter wave terminal, and has great application prospect and application value.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The millimeter wave wide angle scanning array antenna based on the complementary source and the suspension decoupling super surface is characterized by comprising a plurality of wide beam antenna units which are sequentially arranged in parallel along a Y axis, and the suspension decoupling super surface which is suspended above the plurality of wide beam antenna units;
The wide beam antenna unit comprises a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate and a third dielectric plate which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top along a Z axis; the lower surface of the first dielectric plate is printed with a first metal floor, and the upper surface of the first dielectric plate is printed with a second metal floor; the first dielectric plate is provided with a rectangular metal through hole array, and the first metal floor and the second metal floor are connected in a short circuit manner through the rectangular metal through hole array;
The middle parts of the two ends of the second metal floor in the X-axis direction are respectively etched with a first grounding coplanar waveguide and a second grounding coplanar waveguide, and the first grounding coplanar waveguide and the second grounding coplanar waveguide adopt differential feeding; four complementary sources are arranged between the first grounding coplanar waveguide and the second grounding coplanar waveguide, and each complementary source comprises a gap and a circular metal through hole; the gap is etched on the second metal floor, and the length direction of the gap is parallel to the X axis; the circular metal through holes penetrate through the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate along the Z-axis direction and are arranged on one side of the Y-axis direction of the corresponding gap.
2. The millimeter-wave wide-angle scanning array antenna based on complementary source and suspended decoupling super surface of claim 1, wherein in each wide-beam antenna element, said rectangular array of metallic vias comprises two sets of rectangular longitudinal arrays of metallic vias and one set of rectangular transverse arrays of metallic vias; the two groups of rectangular metal through hole longitudinal arrays are arranged along the X-axis direction and are respectively arranged at the edges of the two sides of the Y-axis direction of the wide beam antenna unit; the rectangular metal via transverse array passes through the center of the wide beam antenna element and is arranged along the Y-axis direction.
3. The millimeter wave wide-angle scanning array antenna based on the complementary source and the suspension decoupling super surface according to claim 2, wherein the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate, the third dielectric plate, the first metal floor and the second metal floor of the plurality of wide-beam antenna units are respectively integrally formed; the junctions of two adjacent wide beam antenna units share the same rectangular metal through hole longitudinal array.
4. A millimeter wave wide-angle scanning array antenna based on a complementary source and a suspended decoupling super surface according to claim 3, wherein the spacing of the centers of two adjacent wide-beam antenna elements in the Y-axis direction is 0.38 wavelength of the center frequency of the frequency band covered by the array antenna.
5. The millimeter wave wide-angle scanning array antenna based on a complementary source and a suspended decoupling super surface of claim 1, wherein in each wide-beam antenna element, rectangular grooves are provided in the middle of the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate, and the length direction of the rectangular grooves is parallel to the X-axis;
The gaps of the four complementary sources are all arranged in the coverage area of the rectangular groove, and the round metal through holes of the four complementary sources are all arranged outside the coverage area of the rectangular groove; the rectangular groove penetrates through the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate along the Z-axis direction, so that gaps of four complementary sources are exposed out of the rectangular groove.
6. The millimeter-wave wide-angle scanning array antenna based on complementary sources and suspended decoupling supersurfaces of claim 1, wherein in each wide-beam antenna unit, circular metal through holes corresponding to four complementary sources on the second metal floor are respectively etched with circular grooves, a microstrip ring is printed in the middle of each circular groove, and the microstrip ring is electrically connected with the circular metal through holes.
7. The millimeter-wave wide-angle scanning array antenna based on complementary sources and a suspended decoupling super surface of claim 1, wherein in each wide-beam antenna element, the four complementary sources are a first complementary source, a second complementary source, a third complementary source, and a fourth complementary source, respectively; the first complementary source, the second complementary source, the third complementary source and the fourth complementary source are sequentially staggered along the X-axis direction;
Taking the center of a wide beam antenna unit as an origin, arranging a first complementary source in the X-axis negative direction and the Y-axis negative direction of the origin, arranging a second complementary source in the X-axis negative direction and the Y-axis positive direction of the origin, arranging a third complementary source in the X-axis positive direction and the Y-axis negative direction of the origin, and arranging a fourth complementary source in the X-axis positive direction and the Y-axis positive direction of the origin; the first complementary source and the fourth complementary source are distributed in a central symmetry mode with respect to an origin, and the second complementary source and the third complementary source are distributed in a central symmetry mode with respect to the origin.
8. The millimeter wave wide-angle scanning array antenna based on a complementary source and a suspended decoupling super surface of claim 7, wherein the first complementary source comprises a first slot and a first circular metal via; the second complementary source comprises a second slit and a second circular metal through hole; the third complementary source comprises a third slit and a third circular metal through hole; the fourth complementary source comprises a fourth slit and a fourth circular metal through hole;
The first gap and the third gap are both positioned on the first straight line, the second gap and the fourth gap are both positioned on the second straight line, the first circular metal through hole and the third circular metal through hole are both positioned on the third straight line, and the second circular metal through hole and the fourth circular metal through hole are both positioned on the fourth straight line; the first, second, third and fourth lines are all parallel to the X-axis and are not collinear with each other.
9. The millimeter wave wide-angle scanning array antenna based on a complementary source and a suspended decoupling supersurface of claim 1, wherein said suspended decoupling supersurface comprises a fourth dielectric plate suspended above a first dielectric plate and a supersurface element array printed on an upper surface of said fourth dielectric plate;
The super-surface unit array comprises a plurality of columns of super-surface units which are arranged in parallel and side by side, a column of super-surface units is arranged between every two adjacent wide beam antenna units, and each column of super-surface units is formed by arranging super-surface units with the same quantity along the X-axis direction.
10. The millimeter-wave wide-angle scanning array antenna based on complementary sources and suspended decoupling supersurfaces of claim 9, wherein each supersurface unit comprises one square metal patch and one square annular metal patch; the square metal patch is arranged in the middle of the square annular metal patch, so that the whole super-surface unit is in a 'reverse' shape.
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| CN112332081A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-05 | 电子科技大学 | Wide-lobe complementary source antenna based on microstrip structure |
| CN114498001A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-13 | 华南理工大学 | Millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on laminated super surface and communication equipment |
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| CN112332081A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-05 | 电子科技大学 | Wide-lobe complementary source antenna based on microstrip structure |
| CN114498001A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-13 | 华南理工大学 | Millimeter wave wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on laminated super surface and communication equipment |
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