CN108539414B - Compact-structure light high-efficiency slot antenna and antenna array - Google Patents

Compact-structure light high-efficiency slot antenna and antenna array Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108539414B
CN108539414B CN201810271261.5A CN201810271261A CN108539414B CN 108539414 B CN108539414 B CN 108539414B CN 201810271261 A CN201810271261 A CN 201810271261A CN 108539414 B CN108539414 B CN 108539414B
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feeding
radiation
slot
metal
compact
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CN108539414A (en
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陈明
汪伟
鲁加国
张洪涛
金谋平
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CETC 38 Research Institute
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/285Aircraft wire antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/288Satellite antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10Resonant slot antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a light high-efficiency slot antenna with a compact structure, which comprises a metal cavity, wherein the metal cavity is cuboid, the metal cavity comprises an upper end face and a lower end face, one side of the upper end face is provided with at least one radiation slot group, the radiation slot group is parallel to the long side of the metal cavity, the other side of the upper end face is correspondingly provided with an impedance matching slot group, a feed structure is arranged in the metal cavity, and the feed structure and the radiation slot group are coupled for feeding; the lower end face is a reflecting face, and the invention has the advantages of low profile and high efficiency, is convenient for forming a planar phased array antenna, and is suitable for airborne and satellite-borne platforms.

Description

Compact-structure light high-efficiency slot antenna and antenna array
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a light high-efficiency slot antenna with a compact structure and an antenna array.
Background
Radiation antennas suitable for planar antenna arrays for low-band operation come in a variety of forms, such as waveguide slot antenna arrays and microstrip patch antennas.
Microstrip antenna is widely applied in phased array radar antenna due to its advantages of low profile, light weight, easy processing and easy integration with other active devices, but has narrow bandwidth, especially for phased array antenna with one-dimensional scanning, in order to save cost, the antennas need to be connected by power division network to form subarrays, and subarrays are used as antenna units for scanning, which results in reduced efficiency of the whole antenna array due to large loss, thereby limiting the application range; the waveguide slot antenna array has the advantages of high efficiency, easy control of amplitude and simple processing, but the structure size of the waveguide in a low frequency band is larger, so that the section of the antenna is high and the quality is larger, although the size of a waveguide cavity can be reduced by a ridging technology, the processing difficulty of the waveguide antenna is increased after ridging, and meanwhile, the size of a feed waveguide is still too large after ridging for a low-frequency airborne platform and a spaceborne platform, so that the requirements cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: how to realize miniaturization, low profile and high efficiency of waveguide slot antenna.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:
the light high-efficiency slot antenna with the compact structure comprises a metal cavity, wherein the metal cavity is cuboid, the metal cavity comprises an upper end face and a lower end face, at least one radiation slot group is arranged on one side of the upper end face and is parallel to the long side of the metal cavity, an impedance matching slot group is correspondingly arranged on the other side of the upper end face, a feed structure is arranged in the metal cavity, and the feed structure and the radiation slot group are coupled for feeding; the lower end face is a reflecting face.
Preferably, the light high-efficiency slot antenna with compact structure is characterized in that the radiating slot groups are multiple groups, the multiple groups of radiating slot groups are arranged at equal intervals, and the multiple groups of radiating slots are positioned on the same straight line; the number of the impedance matching slit groups is the same as that of the radiation slit groups, and a plurality of groups of impedance matching slit groups are positioned on the same straight line; the distance between two adjacent impedance matching slit groups is the same as the distance between two adjacent radiation slit groups.
Preferably, the light-weight efficient slot antenna with a compact structure provided by the invention has the advantages that the radiation slot group comprises two radiation slots, the two radiation slots are positioned on the same straight line and symmetrically arranged about the central line of the upper end surface, and the space between the central points of the two radiation slots takes no grating lobes as constraint.
Preferably, the length of the radiation slot is 1/2 wavelength, and the width of the radiation slot is 1/80 of the length of the radiation slot.
Preferably, the light efficient slot antenna with compact structure of the present invention, the impedance matching slot group includes three impedance matching slots located on the same straight line, the center points of the three impedance matching slots respectively correspond to the center point of the radiation slot and the center point of the upper end surface, and the length of the impedance matching slot is 1/4 of the length of the radiation slot.
Preferably, the feeding structure of the light and efficient slot antenna with compact structure comprises a feeding coaxial line and a feeding connector, wherein the feeding coaxial line is parallel to the radiation slot, the middle point of the feeding coaxial line corresponds to the center point of the metal cavity, and the feeding connector is connected with the middle point of the feeding coaxial line and forms a T-shaped 3dB power divider.
Preferably, the light high-efficiency slot antenna with compact structure according to the present invention, the feeding coaxial line includes a strip-shaped metal feeding cavity, a metal straight wire is disposed in the metal feeding cavity, and an inner conductor of the feeding connector extends into the metal feeding cavity and is connected with an inner bottom wall of the metal feeding cavity.
Preferably, the end part of the feeding coaxial line corresponds to the central point of the radiation slot.
Preferably, the height and width of the metal cavity are constrained by electromagnetic wave propagation and impedance matching of the wireless input port.
The invention also provides a compact light high-efficiency slot antenna array which is formed by tiling any of the compact light high-efficiency slot antennas, wherein the distance between the short circuit position of the terminal and the center point of the edge-most radiation slot is 1/4 wavelength.
The invention has the technical advantages that:
according to the technical scheme, the coupling feed between the metal coaxial line and the radiation slot is used for replacing metal waveguide feed, the size of the reflecting cavity is far smaller than that of the waveguide cavity of the corresponding wave band, and compared with a waveguide feed structure, the weight of the waveguide feed structure is reduced by about 80%, and the structural size is reduced by 3/4; simulation results show that the slot antenna has the advantages of low profile and high efficiency; the antenna is convenient to form a planar phased array antenna, and is suitable for airborne and satellite-borne platforms; the reflecting cavity and the feeding structure of the slot antenna are all made of metal materials, and the slot antenna has the advantages of small loss and good space environment adaptability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of a compact, lightweight, high efficiency slot antenna in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a metal cavity according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of a compact lightweight high-efficiency slot antenna and the variation of S11 parameters of L-band with frequency according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array formed by a compact lightweight high-efficiency slot antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a top view of a compact, lightweight, high efficiency slot antenna in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate the understanding of the technical scheme of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the technical scheme of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, which is a top view of a compact lightweight high-efficiency slot antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention, the slot antenna includes a metal cavity 1, the metal cavity 1 is rectangular, the metal cavity 1 includes an upper end surface and a lower end surface, one side of the upper end surface is provided with a radiation slot group, the radiation slot group is parallel to a long side of the metal cavity 1, the other side is correspondingly provided with an impedance matching slot group, a feeding structure 4 is disposed in the metal cavity 1, and the feeding structure 4 is coupled with the radiation slot group for feeding; the lower end face is a reflecting face. The feeding structure 4 and the metal cavity 1 are integrated to replace the traditional metal waveguide feeding, so that the requirements of miniaturization, low profile and high efficiency of the slot antenna are met.
The radiation gap group comprises two radiation gaps 2, the two radiation gaps 2 are positioned on the same straight line, the two radiation gaps 2 are symmetrically arranged about the central line of the upper end face, and the center point distance of the two radiation gaps 2 takes no grating lobes as constraint; the feed structure 4 and the radiation slot 2 together form a slot antenna, and energy is radiated out between the two through a coupling feed mode; the impedance matching gap group comprises three impedance matching gaps 3 positioned on the same straight line, and the center points of the three impedance matching gaps 3 respectively correspond to the center points of the radiation gaps 2 and the center points of the upper end faces, namely, the distance between the center points of two adjacent impedance matching gaps 3 is half of the distance between the center points of two radiation gaps 2 in the same radiation gap group.
As shown in fig. 2, the feeding structure 4 includes a feeding coaxial line 5 and a feeding connector 6, the feeding coaxial line 5 is parallel to the radiation slot 2, the midpoint of the feeding coaxial line 5 corresponds to the center point of the metal cavity 1, the end of the feeding coaxial line 5 corresponds to the center point of the radiation slot, and the feeding connector 6 is connected with the midpoint of the feeding coaxial line 5 and forms a T-shaped 3dB power divider; the feed connector 6 serves as an input port for the antenna, and in this embodiment is preferably a 50 ohm SMA head commercial connector.
The loading of the end of the feeding coaxial line 5 with metal can enhance the energy coupling with the radiating slot 2, so that the feeding coaxial line 5 has an all-metal structure, in particular, the feeding coaxial line 5 comprises an elongated metal feeding cavity 7, a metal straight wire (not shown in the figure) extending along the length direction of the metal feeding cavity 7 is arranged in the metal feeding cavity 7, and the inner conductor of the feeding connector 6 extends into the metal feeding cavity 7 and is connected with the inner bottom wall of the metal feeding cavity 7.
In this embodiment, the length of the radiation slit 2 is 1/2 wavelength, and the width is 1/80 of the length thereof; the distance between the central points of the two radiation slots 2 of the same radiation slot group is restrained by the fact that grating lobes do not appear, and the specific value of the distance is influenced by the working frequency range and the antenna space scanning angle; the offset position of the radiation slit 2, namely the vertical distance between the radiation slit 2 and the center point of the upper end surface is equal to the vertical distance between the matched impedance slit 3 and the center point of the upper end surface, and the specific value is adjusted by the number of radiation slit groups and standing wave ratio; the length of each impedance matching slot 3 is 1/4 of the length of the radiation slot 2; the height and width of the metal cavity 1 are constrained by electromagnetic wave propagation and wireless input port impedance matching, the specific method of which is well known to those skilled in the art.
The slot antenna in this embodiment is used under the conditions of L-band and frequency ranges FL to FH, and specific parameters of the slot antenna are as follows:
the length of the radiation gap 2 is 0.48 lambda, the width is 0.006 lambda, and the center point distance of the two radiation gaps 2 is 0.64 lambda; the offset value of the radiation slit 2 is 0.04625 lambda; the metal cavity 1 has a height of 0.15 lambda and a width of 0.0925 lambda.
Fig. 3 shows a curve of the variation of the S11 parameter with frequency when the slot antenna according to the present embodiment works under the conditions of L-band and frequency ranges FL to FH, and it can be seen from the curve that the slot antenna according to the present embodiment meets the working requirement.
The slot antenna is connected with the T/R assembly, and is assisted by a power supply, a wave control and a mounting member, etc. to be expanded into a large active phased antenna array, as shown in fig. 4, that is, a large active phased antenna array formed by tiling eight slot antennas in this embodiment (the power supply, the wave control and the mounting member are not shown in the drawings), where the distance between the short-circuited position of the terminal and the center point of the edge-most radiation slot 2 is 1/4 wavelength, that is, 0.24 λ.
Fig. 5 is a top view of a compact lightweight high-efficiency slot antenna array according to a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein three groups of radiation slots are arranged in each slot antenna in the embodiment, the three groups of radiation slots are arranged at equal intervals, and the three groups of radiation slots are located on the same straight line; the three matched impedance slit groups are positioned on the same straight line; and the distance between two adjacent matched impedance slit groups is equal to the distance between two adjacent radiation slit groups. The other structures are the same as those in the first embodiment, and will not be described here again.
The distance between the two adjacent matching impedance slit groups refers to the distance between the center points of the two adjacent matching impedance slits 3 in the two adjacent matching impedance slit groups; the distance between two adjacent radiation slit groups refers to the distance between the center points of two adjacent radiation slits 2 in the two adjacent radiation slit groups.
The technical scheme of the invention is described above by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the specific implementation of the invention is not limited by the above manner, and it is within the scope of the invention if various insubstantial improvements of the method concept and technical scheme of the invention are adopted or the inventive concept and technical scheme are directly applied to other occasions without improvement.

Claims (6)

1. The light high-efficiency slot antenna with the compact structure comprises a metal cavity, wherein the metal cavity is cuboid, and comprises an upper end face and a lower end face; the lower end face is a reflecting face;
the radiation gap groups are multiple groups, the multiple groups of radiation gap groups are arranged at equal intervals, and the multiple groups of radiation gaps are positioned on the same straight line; the number of the impedance matching slit groups is the same as that of the radiation slit groups, and a plurality of groups of impedance matching slit groups are positioned on the same straight line; the distance between two adjacent impedance matching gap groups is the same as the distance between two adjacent radiation gap groups;
the radiation gap group comprises two radiation gaps which are positioned on the same straight line and symmetrically arranged about the central line of the upper end face, and the space between the central points of the two radiation gaps takes no grating lobes as constraint;
the feeding structure comprises a feeding coaxial line and a feeding connector, the feeding coaxial line is arranged parallel to the radiation slot, the middle point of the feeding coaxial line corresponds to the center point of the metal cavity, and the feeding connector is connected with the middle point of the feeding coaxial line and forms a T-shaped 3dB power divider;
the feeding coaxial line comprises a strip-shaped metal feeding cavity, a metal straight wire is arranged in the metal feeding cavity, and an inner conductor of the feeding connector stretches into the metal feeding cavity and is connected with the inner bottom wall of the metal feeding cavity.
2. A compact, lightweight, high efficiency slot antenna as recited in claim 1, characterised in that said radiating slot has a length of 1/2 wavelength and a width of 1/80 of its length.
3. The compact, lightweight, high efficiency slot antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein said impedance matching slot set comprises three impedance matching slots positioned in a same line, the center points of said three impedance matching slots respectively corresponding to the center point of the radiating slot and the center point of the upper end surface, the length of the impedance matching slot being 1/4 of the length of the radiating slot.
4. A compact, lightweight, high efficiency slot antenna as recited in claim 1, characterised in that said feed coaxial line ends correspond to the center point of the radiating slot.
5. A compact, lightweight, high efficiency slot antenna as recited in claim 1, characterised in that the height and width of said metal cavity is constrained by electromagnetic wave propagation and wireless input port impedance matching.
6. A compact lightweight high efficiency slot antenna array formed by tiling a compact lightweight high efficiency slot antenna as defined in any one of claims 1-5, wherein the distance between the short circuit at the terminal and the center point of the edge-most radiating slot is 1/4 wavelength.
CN201810271261.5A 2018-03-29 2018-03-29 Compact-structure light high-efficiency slot antenna and antenna array Active CN108539414B (en)

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CN113054435B (en) * 2021-03-22 2022-12-30 深圳市安威无线科技有限公司 Low-profile slot antenna based on tightly-coupled radiation and mounting device thereof
CN113451759B (en) * 2021-07-09 2022-08-26 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 Light waveguide antenna array based on virtual metal wall

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