CN115932221B - Gob-side entry retaining three-dimensional physical exploitation test system suitable for fault-containing structure - Google Patents
Gob-side entry retaining three-dimensional physical exploitation test system suitable for fault-containing structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN115932221B CN115932221B CN202310239674.6A CN202310239674A CN115932221B CN 115932221 B CN115932221 B CN 115932221B CN 202310239674 A CN202310239674 A CN 202310239674A CN 115932221 B CN115932221 B CN 115932221B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mining tests, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional physical mining test system suitable for a fault-containing structure gob-side entry retaining. The test system comprises: the simulated coal bed device comprises a coal bed, wherein an upper coal bed is parallel to a lower coal bed, and a transition zone coal bed, the upper coal bed and the lower coal bed are positioned in different planes; the coal seam is composed of a plurality of unit blocks with consistent specification, and two adjacent unit blocks are connected through a first connecting rope; a roadway which is the same as the extending direction of the coal seam is arranged on one side of the extending direction of the coal seam; the guide beam assembly is positioned in a roadway of the test system, guide parts are arranged on the upper disc guide beam, the lower disc guide beam and the transition zone guide beam, and the guide parts are used for guiding connecting ropes connected between the unit blocks; and the power device is connected with the end part of the connecting rope. The test system effectively simulates the running mode of the coal body in engineering practice, and improves the accuracy of test results.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mining tests, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional physical mining test system suitable for a fault-containing structure gob-side entry retaining.
Background
As the coal mining scale increases and the mining speed increases, surrounding rock large deformation accidents frequently occur, and the accidents are more likely to occur in special geological structure areas, such as fault structure zones. On one hand, surrounding rock of a fault area is broken, and lithology is complex; on the other hand, under the influence of exploitation, the fault surface and the fault bottom are easy to generate relative sliding and energy release, so that production accidents are caused. The method for researching the surrounding rock deformation mechanism of gob-side entry retaining working face mining under fault construction conditions mainly comprises theoretical research, numerical simulation, field test and two-dimensional physical model test, wherein the theoretical research is based on idealized boundary conditions, the actual fit degree with engineering is low, the numerical simulation lacks an applicable constitutive model, the field test is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the physical model test is a model formed by reducing the field actual geological conditions according to scientific proportions, and the actual engineering condition can be well restored.
The mining of the gob-side entry retaining working face with the fault structure can be excavated in a two-dimensional physical model in a manual excavation mode, the mining of a single continuous horizontal coal seam can be simulated in the current three-dimensional physical model test in a drawing mode, but the mining of the coal seam with the drop height with the fault structure cannot be used due to the limitation of the structure, and the stress state of a rear coal seam can be disturbed in the drawing process due to the drawing, so that the accuracy of the test is seriously affected.
Accordingly, there is a need to provide an improved solution to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional physical exploitation test system suitable for a fault-containing structure gob-side entry retaining, which at least solves the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a three-dimensional physical exploitation test system suitable for a fault-containing formation gob-side entry retaining, the test system comprising:
the simulated coal bed device comprises a coal bed, wherein the coal bed comprises an upper coal bed, a lower coal bed and a transition zone coal bed, the transition zone coal bed is in transition connection between the upper coal bed and the lower coal bed, and the transition zone coal bed is positioned at a simulated fault position;
the transition zone coal seam is positioned in different planes with the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam;
the coal seam is composed of a plurality of unit blocks with consistent specification, and two adjacent unit blocks are connected through a first connecting rope; a roadway which is the same as the extending direction of the coal seam is arranged on one side of the extending direction of the coal seam;
the guide beam assembly is positioned in a roadway of the test system and comprises a guide beam, wherein the guide beam comprises an upper disc guide beam, a lower disc guide beam and a transition zone guide beam, and the transition zone guide beam is in transition connection between the upper disc guide beam and the lower disc guide beam;
the upper disc guide beam, the lower disc guide beam and the transition zone guide beam are respectively provided with a guide part, and the guide parts are used for guiding connecting ropes connected between the unit blocks so as to guide the unit blocks to move in the roadway;
the power device is connected with the end part of the connecting rope and used for driving the connecting rope to move with the unit blocks, so that the connecting rope can draw the unit blocks from the direction perpendicular to the working surface of the coal seam.
The three-dimensional physical exploitation test system suitable for the gob-side entry retaining with the fault structure is characterized in that preferably, the tunnel comprises a fault upper disc tunnel, a fault lower disc tunnel and a fault transition zone tunnel;
the upper disc guide beam and the upper disc coal bed are positioned in the same plane and in a fault upper disc roadway;
the lower disc guide beam and the lower disc coal bed are positioned in the same plane and in a fault lower disc roadway;
the transition zone guide beam and the transition zone coal seam are positioned in the same plane; and is positioned in a fault transition zone roadway;
the guide member is a pulley assembly for guiding the connecting rope.
The three-dimensional physical exploitation test system suitable for the goaf-side entry retaining with the fault structure is characterized in that the coal bed comprises an upper coal bed and a lower coal bed, wherein the upper coal bed is stacked above the lower coal bed, and the upper coal bed and the lower coal bed are mutually independent;
the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam are formed by connecting unit blocks with consistent specifications through connecting ropes.
The three-dimensional physical exploitation test system suitable for the fault-containing structure gob-side entry retaining is characterized in that the upper surface of the guide beam corresponding to the position of the upper coal seam is provided with a plurality of pulley assemblies, and the pulley assemblies arranged on the upper surface of the guide beam are used for guiding connecting ropes in the upper coal seam;
the guide beam is provided with a plurality of pulley assemblies on the lower surface corresponding to the position of the lower coal seam, and the pulley assemblies arranged on the lower surface of the guide beam are used for guiding the connecting ropes in the lower coal seam.
The three-dimensional physical exploitation test system suitable for the fault-containing construction gob-side entry retaining preferably comprises a pulley and a rotating shaft, wherein the rotating shaft is fixed on the upper surface or the lower surface of the guide beam, and the axis of the rotating shaft is perpendicular to the upper surface or the lower surface of the guide beam;
the pulley is rotatably arranged on the rotating shaft.
The three-dimensional physical exploitation test system suitable for the fault-containing construction gob-side entry retaining is characterized in that the transition zone guide beam, the upper disc guide beam and the lower disc guide beam are respectively provided with a steering piece, the height of each steering piece is consistent with the height of the center of the pulley, and each steering piece is used for allowing a connecting rope to pass through so as to limit the connecting rope.
The three-dimensional physical exploitation test system suitable for the fault-containing construction gob-side entry retaining is characterized in that the steering member is of a U-shaped structure, and the steering member of the U-shaped structure is inversely arranged on the guide beam.
The test system is applicable to the fault-containing construction gob-side entry retaining three-dimensional physical exploitation test system, and preferably, the test system further comprises an end bracket assembly, wherein the end bracket assembly comprises two end brackets;
extension beams are further arranged on the periphery of the upper disc guide beam and the periphery of the lower disc guide beam of the guide beam, and the extension beams on two sides of the guide beam are respectively fixed on the two end supports.
The three-dimensional physical exploitation test system suitable for the fault-containing construction gob-side entry retaining is characterized in that the power device is arranged on the end bracket;
the power device is a winch, the connecting rope is fixed on the winch, and the connecting rope is driven to move by the rotation of the winch;
a lower winch is arranged below the guide beam on the end support, and a connecting rope in the upper coal seam bypasses the extension beam and is connected to the lower winch;
an upper winch is arranged above the guide beam on the end support, and a connecting rope in the lower coal seam is connected to the upper winch.
The test system for three-dimensional physical exploitation of the gob-side entry retaining with the fault-containing structure preferably further comprises a rock stratum model, wherein the rock stratum model comprises an upper rock stratum and a lower rock stratum of the coal seam, which are respectively arranged above and below the coal seam, the upper rock stratum and the lower rock stratum of the coal seam comprise a fault upper disc model and a fault lower disc model which are mutually independent, and a fault is formed between the fault upper disc model and the fault lower disc model.
Advantageous effects
1. The test system is provided with the end support assembly, the guide beam assembly, the power device and the simulated coal seam device, can truly restore the underground working surface to be subjected to fault exploitation, can effectively simulate the exploitation of a coal seam, does not influence the collapse of partial blocks of the lagged working surface, and effectively solves the defect that the traditional three-dimensional exploitation system cannot simulate the exploitation of the working surface with the fault.
2. The test system adopts a mode of drawing the unit blocks from the direction perpendicular to the working surface, and solves the problem that the advanced stress state can be influenced by the drawing of the conventional drawing mode from the direction of the working surface.
3. The simulated coal bed assembly of the test system can realize the drawing of the simulated coal bed unit blocks under the pulling of the winch, realize the continuous exploitation of the working face, improve the efficiency and reduce the stress disturbance. And the coal seam exploitation is more accurately simulated.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary installation structure of a simulated coal seam device and guide beam assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a mounting structure of a guide beam assembly and an end bracket assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a coal seam mining process in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic of a test system according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional schematic of a clamp according to one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a front view of a clamp according to one embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1. the end bracket assembly comprises 1-1 parts of end bracket assemblies, guide beam fixing structures, 1-2 parts of short bracket components, 1-3 parts of medium bracket components, 1-4 parts of long bracket components, 1-5 parts of bolt fixing holes;
2. a guide beam component, 2-1, a lower disc guide beam, 2-2, a transition zone guide beam, 2-3, an upper disc guide beam, 2-4 parts of pulley components, 2-5 parts of steering members, 2-6 parts of extension beams, 2-7 parts of steering devices, 2-8 parts of fixing pins;
3. the winch comprises a power device 3-1, a winch, 3-2, a winch base, 3-3 and a second connecting rope;
4. the device comprises a simulated coal bed device, 4-1, a first connecting rope, 4-2 and a unit block;
5-1, fault underpass roadway; 5-2, fault transition zone roadway; 5-3, fault upper disc tunnel;
5. a lower formation of the coal seam; 6. a rock stratum at the upper part of the coal bed; 7. a non-excavated coal bed; 8. a fault lower disc model; 9. a fault disc loading model; 10. a fault; 11. roadway;
13. the device comprises a clamp 13-1, a bottom tray 13-2, a movable pressure plate 13-3, a connecting device 13-4, an outer ring steel pipe 13-5, an internal transmission rod 13-6 and a rotary handle;
12. the first layer unit blocks, 14, the second layer unit blocks, 15, and the parts after the unit blocks are excavated.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which are derived by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention, fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc. refer to the orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description of the present invention and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "coupled" and "connected" as used herein are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly coupled or detachably coupled; either directly or indirectly through intermediate components, the specific meaning of the terms being understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present invention provides a test system for three-dimensional physical exploitation of a gob-side entry retaining system adapted for a fault-containing structure, the test system comprising:
and the simulated coal bed device 4 comprises a coal bed, wherein the coal bed comprises an upper coal bed, a lower coal bed and a transition zone coal bed, the transition zone coal bed is in transition connection between the upper coal bed and the lower coal bed, and the transition zone coal bed is positioned at a simulated fault position.
The upper coal seam is parallel to the lower coal seam, and the transition zone coal seam is in different planes with the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam.
The coal seam is composed of a plurality of unit blocks 4-2 with consistent specification, and two adjacent unit blocks are connected through a connecting rope; and a roadway which is the same as the extending direction of the coal seam is arranged on one side of the extending direction of the coal seam.
The guide beam assembly 2 is positioned in a roadway of the test system and comprises a guide beam, wherein the guide beam comprises an upper disc guide beam 2-3, a lower disc guide beam 2-1 and a transition zone guide beam 2-2, and the transition zone guide beam is in transition connection between the upper disc guide beam and the lower disc guide beam.
The upper disc guide beam, the lower disc guide beam and the transition zone guide beam are respectively provided with a guide part, and the guide parts are used for guiding the connecting ropes connected between the unit blocks.
And the power device 3 is connected with the end part of the connecting rope and is used for driving the connecting rope to move with the unit blocks, so that the connecting rope can draw the unit blocks from the direction perpendicular to the working surface of the coal seam.
In the actual coal mining process, the coal seam passing through the fault 10 can have partial fluctuation due to the fault 10; the test system better simulates fluctuation of the coal seam when the coal seam passes through the fault 10 through the transition zone coal seam; meanwhile, the coal seam in the method is formed by a plurality of unit blocks, so that the coal seam can be truly and conveniently simulated; compared with the mining of the simulated coal seam in the prior art by adopting the strip drawing mode, the method has the advantages that when the coal seam is mined, only the unit blocks are required to be taken out, the simulated mining process is more convenient and real, the continuous mining of the fault-containing structural working face is realized, and the simulated mining process can not cause larger disturbance influence on the whole fault-containing system. The power device 3 is connected with the end support through a bolt and provides power for the simulated coal seam device 4 through the steel wire rope 3-3.
The roadway 11 comprises a fault upper plate roadway 5-3, a fault lower plate roadway 5-1 and a fault transition zone roadway 5-2; the upper disc guide beam and the upper disc coal bed are positioned in the same plane and in a fault upper disc roadway; the lower disc guide beam and the lower disc coal bed are positioned in the same plane and in a fault lower disc roadway; the transition zone guide beam and the transition zone coal bed are positioned in the same plane; and is positioned in a fault transition zone roadway; the guide part is a pulley assembly, and the pulley assembly is used for guiding the connecting rope.
In this embodiment, the guide beam assembly 2 is placed in the roadway 11 when the model is built, the transition zone guide beam is adjusted according to the inclination angle of the roadway, the lengths of the upper disc guide beam and the lower disc guide beam are adjusted according to the length of the roadway, extension beams are further arranged on the peripheries of the upper disc guide beam and the lower disc guide beam, and the extension beams on two sides are fixed in the guide beam fixing structure of the end support assembly, so that the support fixing of the two end supports to the guide beam assembly is realized. The guide beam assembly 2 is connected with the front and rear end brackets of the stratum model to provide guiding and supporting functions for the steel wire rope 3-3.
In this example, the horizontal length of the tunnel is 1600mm, the horizontal length of the tunnel with a gradient in the middle is 371mm, the gradient is 16.5 degrees (included angle with the horizontal plane), so the length of the lower guide beam is 686mm, the horizontal length of the transition zone guide beam is 371mm, the length of the upper guide beam is 544mm, and the length of the extension beams at the front end and the rear end of the guide beam is 600mm (comprising steering components).
The coal bed comprises an upper coal bed and a lower coal bed, the upper coal bed is stacked above the lower coal bed, and the upper coal bed and the lower coal bed are mutually independent; namely, the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam have no mutual connection relation; the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam are formed by connecting unit blocks with consistent specifications through connecting ropes.
In this embodiment, the unit blocks in the same column in the coal seam are connected to one connecting rope, so that the connecting rope can draw the unit blocks from the vertical working surface. In other embodiments, or the same row of unit blocks in the coal seam is connected to one connecting rope; the two adjacent rows of unit blocks are connected at the end parts through connecting ropes, or the two adjacent rows of unit blocks can be mutually independent, namely, the two adjacent rows of unit blocks have no interconnection relationship. Specifically, the coal seam is simulated by adopting two layers of unit blocks, the sizes of the unit blocks are 40mm multiplied by 40mm, and the middle parts of the unit blocks are connected by adopting a steel wire rope 4-1. The upper and lower layers of unit blocks are stacked up and down without any connecting member therebetween, and talcum powder is required to be put between the two layers of unit blocks when necessary to reduce friction force. The coal seam simulating device 4 is formed by connecting a unit block 4-2 with a steel wire rope 4-1 and is used for simulating a coal seam; in this embodiment, the unit blocks are made of gypsum.
The upper surface of the guide beam, which corresponds to the position of the upper coal seam, is provided with a plurality of pulley assemblies, and the pulley assemblies arranged on the upper surface of the guide beam are used for guiding the connecting ropes in the upper coal seam; the lower surface of the guide beam corresponding to the position of the lower coal seam is provided with a plurality of pulley assemblies, and the pulley assemblies arranged on the lower surface of the guide beam are used for guiding the connecting ropes in the lower coal seam.
In this embodiment, an independent pulley assembly is disposed corresponding to the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam, so that the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam are conveniently excavated independently of each other. The pulley assemblies are symmetrically distributed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the guide beam and are respectively aligned with the upper unit block and the lower unit block, so that the connecting ropes and the pulley assemblies can be kept at the same height, and the working resistance is reduced.
The pulley assembly 2-4 comprises a pulley and a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is fixed on the upper surface or the lower surface of the guide beam, and the axis of the rotating shaft is perpendicular to the upper surface or the lower surface of the guide beam; the pulley is rotatably arranged on the rotating shaft.
In the embodiment, the rotating shaft is a fixed pin 2-8, the pulley assembly 2-4 is fixed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the guide beam by adopting the fixed pin 2-8, the position of the pulley is aligned with the steel wire rope 4-1 in the simulated coal seam device 4, and different pulleys and the fixed pin 2-8 are selected according to different coal seam thicknesses. The distance between the pulleys 2-4 and the guide beam in this example is 2mm, and the diameter of the pulleys is 13mm.
The transition zone guiding beam, the upper disc guiding beam and the lower disc guiding beam are respectively provided with a steering piece 2-5, the height of each steering piece 2-5 is consistent with the height of the center of the pulley, and each steering piece 2-5 is used for allowing a connecting rope to pass through so as to limit the connecting rope.
The steering members 2-5 are of U-shaped structures, and the steering members of the U-shaped structures are inversely arranged on the guide beams. The connecting rope passes through the U-shaped steering part which is inversely installed, so that the steering part can limit the connecting rope, the connecting rope can be synchronously bent along with the guide beam at the bending place of the guide beam, and the pulley assembly can effectively guide the connecting rope.
The test system also comprises an end bracket assembly 1, wherein the end bracket assembly comprises two end brackets; extension beams 2-6 are further arranged on the periphery of the upper disc guide beam and the periphery of the lower disc guide beam of the guide beam, and the extension beams 2-6 on two sides of the guide beam are respectively fixed on the two end supports.
In the embodiment, the upper disc guide beam, the lower disc guide beam, the transition zone guide beam and the extension beam are fixedly connected in a welding mode, the extension beam is provided with bolt holes (phi 8 mm), and the guide beam is fixed on the end support by bolts. The end bracket assemblies 1 are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the rock stratum model, and a certain space is reserved between the end bracket assemblies and the model, so that a fixing effect is provided for the guide beam assemblies 2.
The end bracket assembly 1 is composed of three bracket components, namely a short bracket component 1-2, a medium bracket component 1-3 and a long bracket component 1-4, which are connected by bolts according to different combination modes, and the height of the end bracket assembly 1 can be adjusted according to the position of a coal seam in a model. The three bracket components and the guide beam fixing device in the end bracket assembly are provided with bolt holes (phi 8 mm) with the same size at different positions, and the bracket components and the guide beam are connected by bolts. In other embodiments, a welded connection may be used between the bracket member and the guide beam.
In this example, as shown in FIG. 4, the three-dimensional model dimensions were 1600mm, the upper coal seam was 490mm from the bottom of the model, and the lower coal seam was 380mm from the bottom of the model. The long support member 1-4 and the medium support frame 1-3 are vertically connected to serve as a bottom supporting structure of the end support, the medium support structure 1-3 and the short support structure 1-2 are connected with the bottom supporting structure, the guide beam fixing member 1-1 is connected with the long support member to fix the guide beam, the long support member 1-4 and the medium support frame 1-3 are connected through bolts through bolt fixing holes 1-5, and the requirement of supporting height can be met.
The power device is arranged on the end bracket; the power device is a winch, the connecting rope is fixed on the winch, and the connecting rope is driven to move through rotation of the winch; a lower winch is arranged below the guide beam on the end support, and a connecting rope in the upper coal seam bypasses the extension beam and is connected to the lower winch; an upper winch is arranged above the guide beam on the end support, and a connecting rope in the lower coal seam is connected to the upper winch.
In this embodiment, the connection rope in the simulated coal seam device 4 is a first connection rope 4-1, the connection rope in the power device 3 is a second connection rope 3-3, and both connection ropes can be steel wire ropes.
In this embodiment, the winch 3-1 is welded on the winch base 3-2 and is fixed on the end bracket 1 by bolts, the second wire rope 3-3 is connected with the winch 3-1, passes through the steering device 2-7 to reach the pulley 2-4, and is finally connected with the wire rope 4-1 of the simulated coal seam device 4.
The extending beam is provided with a steering device 2-7, and a connecting rope in the upper coal seam bypasses the steering device 2-7 and is connected to the lower stirring, and in the embodiment, the steering device 2-7 is a roller rotatably arranged on the extending beam.
The upper winch is arranged at the top of the end bracket assembly 1, the lower winch is arranged on the side face of the end bracket, and the two winches are used for stirring one model and only have different roles. The power unit 3 on the side of the head bracket assembly 1 is used in combination with the pulley assemblies 2-4 on the top of the guide beam assembly 2.
The first layer (upper) steel wire rope 4-1 in the simulated coal seam device 4 is connected with the steel wire rope 3-3, then the steel wire rope 3-3 bypasses the pulley assembly 2-4 at the top in the guide beam assembly 2 and the steering device 2-7 is connected with the power device 3, and further power transmission is carried out. While the power unit 3 on the side of the head bracket assembly 1 is used by being matched with the pulley assemblies 2-4 at the bottom in the guide beam assembly 2: the second layer (lower) first steel wire rope 4-1 in the simulated coal seam device 4 is connected with the second steel wire rope 3-3, then the second steel wire rope 3-3 bypasses the pulley assembly 2-4 at the top in the guide beam assembly 2 and the steering device 2-7 to be connected with the power device 3, and further power transmission is carried out.
The test system further comprises a rock stratum model, wherein the rock stratum model comprises an upper rock stratum 6 and a lower rock stratum 5 of the coal seam, the upper rock stratum 6 and the lower rock stratum 5 of the coal seam are respectively arranged above and below the coal seam, each upper rock stratum 6 and each lower rock stratum 5 of the coal seam comprise a fault upper disc model 9 and a fault lower disc model 8 which are mutually independent, and a fault 10 is formed between the fault upper disc model 9 and the fault lower disc model 8.
In the embodiment, the rock stratum model is connected with the pressurizing instrument in an up-down, left-right mode, in other embodiments, the rock stratum model is connected with the pressurizing instrument in an up-down, left-right, front-back mode, and the pressurizing instrument is arranged avoiding the tunnel inlet and outlet on two sides of the rock stratum model with the tunnel inlet and outlet; the stratum model can simulate the real ground pressure condition, and the pressurizing instrument can be a hydraulic machine or a device capable of realizing pressurization such as a jack; one end of the pressurizing device is fixed, and the other end is provided with a pressurizing plate which is contacted with the rock stratum model.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the non-excavated coal seam 7 and the simulated coal seam device 4 are respectively arranged on two sides of the roadway 11.
In use, the end bracket assembly 1 and the steering beam assembly 2 must be installed when the upper fault disc model 9 and the lower fault disc model 8 are built, wherein the end bracket assembly 1 is arranged on the right opposite side of the upper fault disc model 9 and the lower fault disc model 8, and the guide beam assembly 2 passes through the tunnel 11 and is fixed on the guide beam fixing structure 1-1 at two ends; the wire rope 3-3 is led out from the winch 3-1, passes through the steering device 2-7, passes through the pulley 2-4, and finally is connected with the wire rope 4-1. The winch 3-1 is rotated to drive the gypsum unit block 4-2 through the steel wire rope 3-3 so as to realize coal seam mining.
The exploitation test method using the test system specifically comprises the following steps:
and step 1, determining parameters of a test system according to the roadway parameters and the excavation parameters of the test model.
The roadway parameters comprise the size of the roadway and the inclination angle of the roadway in the fault passing section; the excavation parameters refer to the dimensions of each step of excavation required in the test.
The section size of the tunnel is 150mm multiplied by 80mm, the thickness of the coal seam is 80mm, and the model is loaded by contacting with the pressurizing plates of the loading instrument. The roadway 11 is mainly divided into a fault lower roadway 5-1, a fault transition zone roadway 5-2 and a fault upper roadway 5-3. When the excavating device is designed, the length of the lower disc guide beam 2-1 is required to correspond to the length and the inclination angle of the fault lower disc roadway 5-1; the length of the transition zone guide beam 2-2 is required to correspond to the length and the inclination angle of the fault transition zone roadway 5-2; the length of the upper disc guide beam 2-3 is corresponding to the length and the inclination angle of the fault lower disc roadway 5-3.
And 2, building a test system. In step 2, after the rock stratum model is built to the roadway position in the test system, the end support assembly is installed first, and then the installation of the guide beam assembly, the power device and the simulated coal seam device is carried out.
The step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 21, firstly building a stratum at the lower part of a coal bed of a stratum model, and respectively installing an end bracket in front of and behind the stratum model; first, the base part of the head support assembly 1 is installed, and the base is vertically assembled by adopting an elongated support member 1-4 and a medium support member 1-3 and is connected by adopting bolts. A medium-sized bracket component 1-3, a short-type bracket component 1-2 and a guide beam fixing structure 1-1 are arranged on a base, the medium-sized bracket component 1-3 is arranged at the bottommost part and is connected with the base part, then the short-type bracket component 1-2 is arranged, and finally the guide beam fixing structure 1-1 is arranged at the uppermost part, and all the components are connected through bolts through bolt fixing holes 1-5.
Step 22, installing a guide beam assembly; installing a lower disc guide beam, a transition zone guide beam, an upper disc guide beam and extension beams at two ends at the corresponding positions of a roadway of the stratum model, and fixedly connecting the lower disc guide beam, the transition zone guide beam and the upper disc guide beam;
a plurality of pulley assemblies are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the lower disc guide beam, the transition zone guide beam and the upper disc guide beam, the pulley assemblies on the upper surface of the guide beam are arranged corresponding to the upper coal seam, and the pulley assemblies on the lower surface of the guide beam are arranged corresponding to the lower coal seam; in the embodiment, the lower disc guide beam 2-1, the transition zone guide beam 2-2, the upper disc guide beam 2-3 and extension beams at the two ends are lapped and fixed in a welding mode; steering parts can be arranged between the transition zone guide beam 2-2 and the upper disc guide beam 2-1 as well as between the transition zone guide beam 2-3 and the lower disc guide beam, the height of the steering parts is consistent with the height of the center of the pulley, and the steering parts are used for allowing the connecting rope to pass through so as to limit the connecting rope; the end on the extension beam is rotatably provided with a steering device 2-7, wherein the steering device 2-7 is a roller.
Step 23, fixing extension beams at two ends of a guide beam on end supports at two sides of a rock stratum model; the extension beams on both sides of the guide beam assembly 2 are penetrated from the guide beam fixing structure 1-1 and fixed by bolts.
Step 24, installing a power device, installing a lower winch below the guide beam on the end support, and connecting the connecting rope in the upper coal seam to the lower winch by bypassing the extension beam;
an upper winch is arranged above the guide beam on the end support, and a connecting rope in the lower coal seam is connected to the upper winch; in this embodiment, a winch 3-1 is mounted on the guide beam fixing member 1-1 and the short bracket member 1-2 in the head bracket assembly 1, respectively, and the winch 3-1 is welded to the winch base 3-2, and the winch base 3-2 is connected to the short bracket member 1-2 by bolts.
Step 25, installing a coal seam simulating device on the rock stratum at the lower part of the coal seam; making dies of the unit blocks according to the size parameters of the unit blocks, putting a connecting rope between the dies of the unit blocks to connect different unit blocks, pouring the unit blocks, and putting the unit blocks in corresponding positions after the unit blocks are solidified; in this embodiment, the unit blocks are made of gypsum, which is more convenient to crush.
Step 26, connecting the first connecting rope 4-1 in the simulated coal seam device with the second connecting rope 3-3 on the winch. So that the winch rotation can drive the first connecting rope 4-1 to move, and the first connecting rope 4-1 pulls the unit block to displace.
The pressurization instrument is arranged on the periphery of the rock stratum model in multiple directions and is used for applying pressure to the rock stratum model from multiple directions so as to simulate real confining pressure.
And 3, performing coal seam mining, wherein the unit blocks are crushed after being extracted. In the step 3, after the test system is built, a winch in the power device is rotated, so that the connecting rope drags the unit blocks to slide into the roadway, then the unit blocks are clamped and broken by a clamp, and the next excavation is carried out.
The step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 31, as shown in fig. 3, a first unit block is excavated from one end of a lower roadway of an upper coal seam, at this time, a connecting rope connected with the first unit block 12 bypasses an extension beam and is connected with a lower winch, the lower winch is rotated to enable the connecting rope to drag the unit block to slide, a clamp is inserted into the roadway after the unit block slides into the roadway, the unit block is clamped and broken by the clamp, meanwhile, particles in the roadway are cleaned, excavation of one unit block of the upper coal seam is completed, and a unit block excavated part 15 is formed after the first unit block 12 is excavated; in the embodiment, air can be blown at one end of the roadway, so that the particles of the crushing unit blocks are blown out from the other end of the roadway; the dust collection section of the dust collector can be connected with a hose, the size of the hose is smaller than the cross section size of the roadway, and the hose extends into the roadway to suck out particles;
step 32, excavating unit blocks from one end of a lower roadway for excavating the lower coal seam, connecting a connecting rope connected with the second unit blocks 14 at the moment with an upper winch, rotating the upper winch to enable the connecting rope to drag the unit blocks to slide into the roadway, extending a clamp into the roadway, clamping the unit blocks into pieces by the clamp, and cleaning particles in the roadway at the same time to finish excavating of one unit block of the lower coal seam; the second layer of unit blocks 14 are excavated to form a unit block excavated part 15;
step 33, repeating the steps 31-32, and excavating the rest unit blocks until the unit blocks of a row are excavated;
step 34, repeating the steps 31-33, and excavating the lower coal bed unit blocks;
step 35, excavating a transition zone coal seam according to the sequence of the installation steps 31-33;
and 36, excavating the upper coal seam in the sequence of the installation steps 31-33.
The clamp comprises a bottom tray and a transmission rod, a connecting device is arranged on the bottom tray, and the transmission rod penetrates through the connecting device in a guiding way; the unit blocks are positioned between the bottom tray and the transmission rods, and the transmission rods move relative to the bottom tray so as to crush the unit blocks.
The bottom tray is an L-shaped plate, and the connecting device is fixed on one side plate of the L-shaped plate; the center of the connecting device is provided with a threaded hole in a penetrating way, the transmission rod is provided with external threads, the transmission rod is in threaded connection with the connecting device, one end of the transmission rod, which is positioned in the bottom tray, is provided with a movable pressing plate, the movable pressing plate is parallel to the other side plate of the L-shaped plate, and the unit block is positioned between the movable pressing plate and the other side plate of the L-shaped plate; the movable pressing plate is driven by the rotary transmission rod to move towards the other side plate of the L-shaped plate so as to squeeze and crush the unit blocks.
In the embodiment, the other end of the transmission rod, which is far away from the movable pressure plate, is provided with the rotary handle 13-6 so as to facilitate the rotation of the transmission rod, and the transmission rod 13-5 is in threaded connection with the connecting device 13-3, so that the clamp can exert larger acting force when the unit blocks are extruded, and the unit blocks are ensured to be completely crushed; the outer ring steel pipe 13-4 is sleeved on the periphery of the transmission rod, and the length of the outer ring steel pipe 13-4 plus the length of the connecting device plus the length of the unit block is smaller than the length of the transmission rod.
The length of the clamp 13 can be customized according to the length of the roadway, after the clamp 13 is inserted into the roadway 5, the clamp 13 is moved to enable the gypsum unit block 4-2 to be located between the bottom tray 13-1 and the movable platen 13-2, and then the handle 13-6 is rotated to drive the internal transmission rod 13-5 to enable the distance between the movable platen 13-2 and the bottom tray 13-1 to be continuously reduced so as to crush the gypsum unit block 4-2.
In summary, in the technical scheme suitable for the three-dimensional physical exploitation test method of the gob-side entry retaining with a simple structure, the excavation footage of each step in the engineering practice is effectively simulated by setting up the unit blocks; truly reducing the underground gob-side entry retaining fault exploitation, effectively reducing the collapse state of rock stratum in the engineering practice, and effectively solving the problem that the traditional three-dimensional physical model test system can only simulate fault-free working face exploitation.
It is to be understood that the above description is exemplary only and that the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A three-dimensional physical exploitation test system suitable for a fault-containing structure gob-side entry retaining, which is characterized by comprising:
the simulated coal bed device comprises a coal bed, wherein the coal bed comprises an upper coal bed, a lower coal bed and a transition zone coal bed, the transition zone coal bed is in transition connection between the upper coal bed and the lower coal bed, and the transition zone coal bed is positioned at a simulated fault position;
the transition zone coal seam is positioned in different planes with the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam;
the coal seam is composed of a plurality of unit blocks with consistent specification, and two adjacent unit blocks are connected through a first connecting rope; a roadway which is the same as the extending direction of the coal seam is arranged on one side of the extending direction of the coal seam;
the guide beam assembly is positioned in a roadway of the test system and comprises a guide beam, wherein the guide beam comprises an upper disc guide beam, a lower disc guide beam and a transition zone guide beam, and the transition zone guide beam is in transition connection between the upper disc guide beam and the lower disc guide beam;
the upper disc guide beam, the lower disc guide beam and the transition zone guide beam are respectively provided with a guide part, and the guide parts are used for guiding the first connecting ropes connected between the unit blocks so as to guide the unit blocks to move in the roadway;
the power device is connected with the end part of the first connecting rope and used for driving the first connecting rope to move with the unit blocks, so that the first connecting rope can draw the unit blocks from the direction perpendicular to the working surface of the coal seam.
2. The three-dimensional physical exploitation test system suitable for the gob-side entry retaining with a fault structure according to claim 1, wherein the tunnel comprises a fault upper disc tunnel, a fault lower disc tunnel and a fault transition zone tunnel;
the upper disc guide beam and the upper disc coal bed are positioned in the same plane and in a fault upper disc roadway;
the lower disc guide beam and the lower disc coal bed are positioned in the same plane and in a fault lower disc roadway;
the transition zone guide beam and the transition zone coal seam are positioned in the same plane; and is positioned in a fault transition zone roadway;
the guide member is a pulley assembly for guiding the first connecting rope.
3. The three-dimensional physical exploitation test system suitable for the goaf-entry retaining with the fault-containing structure according to claim 2, wherein the coal seam comprises an upper coal seam and a lower coal seam, the upper coal seam is stacked above the lower coal seam, and the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam are mutually independent;
the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam are formed by connecting unit blocks with identical specifications through a first connecting rope.
4. The three-dimensional physical exploitation test system suitable for the fault-containing structured gob-side entry retaining according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of pulley assemblies are arranged on the upper surface of the guide beam corresponding to the position of the upper coal seam, and the pulley assemblies arranged on the upper surface of the guide beam are used for guiding the first connecting ropes in the upper coal seam;
the guide beam is provided with a plurality of pulley assemblies on the lower surface corresponding to the position of the lower coal seam, and the pulley assemblies arranged on the lower surface of the guide beam are used for guiding the first connecting ropes in the lower coal seam.
5. The three-dimensional physical exploitation test system suitable for a fault-containing construction gob-side entry retaining according to claim 2, wherein the pulley assembly comprises a pulley and a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is fixed on the upper surface or the lower surface of a guide beam, and the axis of the rotating shaft is perpendicular to the upper surface or the lower surface of the guide beam;
the pulley is rotatably arranged on the rotating shaft.
6. The three-dimensional physical exploitation test system suitable for the fault-containing structured gob-side entry retaining system according to claim 5, wherein a steering piece is arranged between the transition zone guide beam and the upper disc guide beam and between the transition zone guide beam and the lower disc guide beam, the height of the steering piece is consistent with the height of the center of the pulley, and the steering piece is used for allowing a first connecting rope to pass through so as to limit the first connecting rope.
7. The three-dimensional physical exploitation test system suitable for the fault-containing structured gob-side entry retaining system according to claim 6, wherein the steering member is of a U-shaped structure and is inversely installed on the guide beam.
8. The three-dimensional physical exploitation test system for a fault-containing formation gob-side entry retaining system of claim 3, further comprising an end bracket assembly comprising two end brackets;
extension beams are further arranged on the periphery of the upper disc guide beam and the periphery of the lower disc guide beam of the guide beam, and the extension beams on two sides of the guide beam are respectively fixed on the two end supports.
9. The three-dimensional physical exploitation test system suitable for the fault-containing construction gob-side entry retaining according to claim 8, wherein the power device is arranged on the end bracket;
the power device is a winch, the connecting rope in the power device is a second connecting rope, the first connecting rope in the simulated coal seam device is connected with the second connecting rope on the winch, and the first connecting rope is driven to move through rotation of the winch;
a lower winch is arranged below the guide beam on the end support, and a first connecting rope in the upper coal seam bypasses the extension beam and is connected to the lower winch;
an upper winch is arranged above the guide beam on the end support, and a first connecting rope in the lower coal seam is connected to the upper winch.
10. The three-dimensional physical exploitation test system suitable for the gob-side entry retaining with a fault structure according to claim 1, wherein the test system further comprises a rock stratum model, wherein the rock stratum model comprises an upper rock stratum and a lower rock stratum which are respectively arranged above and below a coal seam, the upper rock stratum and the lower rock stratum comprise a fault upper disc model and a fault lower disc model which are mutually independent, and a fault is formed between the fault upper disc model and the fault lower disc model.
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| SU1763663A1 (en) * | 1990-10-30 | 1992-09-23 | Красноярский институт цветных металлов им.М.И.Калинина | Bench for simulating mining steeply dipping ore bodies by sub-block caving along the strike |
| CN204791743U (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-11-18 | 贵州理工学院 | Low coverage coal seam bao shui three -dimensional simulation test testing system that mines |
| CN207964817U (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-10-12 | 山东科技大学 | Simulating coal underground mining influences the three dimensional taest device of Ground subsidence |
| CN109991391B (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2020-07-10 | 重庆大学 | Simulation test method for coal and gas outburst of fault-containing coal series rock layer |
| CN112504790B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-06-25 | 山东科技大学 | Variable-inclination fault slip simulation test method |
| CN112964852A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-06-15 | 西安科技大学 | Angle-adjustable equivalent coal seam mining three-dimensional physical simulation device and method |
| CN115144563B (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2023-07-21 | 河南大学 | Three-dimensional simulation device and method for fault activation induced coal seam overlying strata separation layer water burst |
| CN114994287B (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2023-04-18 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Test method of three-dimensional physical model coal bed automatic mining device |
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