CN115874934A

CN115874934A - Turbine type oscillation impactor

Info

Publication number: CN115874934A
Application number: CN202111143722.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 玄令超; 马广军; 臧艳彬; 王甲昌; 张洪宁; 张海平; 王恒
Original assignee: China Petroleum and Chemical Corp; Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering
Current assignee: China Petroleum and Chemical Corp; Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering
Priority date: 2021-09-28
Filing date: 2021-09-28
Publication date: 2023-03-31

Abstract

The invention provides a turbine type oscillation impactor, which belongs to the technical field of oil-gas exploration and development and comprises an outer shell; the transmission mandrel is arranged inside the outer shell and rotates under the action of fluid; the cam impact mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the transmission mandrel and generates periodic expansion and contraction when the transmission mandrel rotates; the cam impact mechanism is provided with a throttle valve port, and the size of the throttle valve port changes periodically when the cam impact mechanism stretches. The invention can stably generate oscillation, is suitable for environments such as ultra-deep horizontal wells and the like, and can avoid erosion of the valve bank.

Description

Turbine type oscillation impactor

Technical Field

The invention relates to a turbine type oscillation impactor, and belongs to the technical field of oil and gas exploration and development.

Background

Along with the acceleration of the process of unconventional oil and gas exploration and development, the technology of the extended reach well and the horizontal well can be rapidly popularized and applied due to the huge economic benefit and the capability of meeting the purpose of special operation. In the long horizontal section drilling process, along with the increase of the inclination angle of the well and the increase of the length of the open hole well, the drill string is in long-distance contact with the well wall under the action of gravity, the friction between the drill string and the well wall (including axial friction and friction torque) is large, so that the drill pressure cannot be applied during sliding drilling, the tool face is difficult to place, and the mechanical drilling speed is low. Therefore, with the increase of the construction quantity of extended reach wells and horizontal wells, how to effectively reduce the friction resistance of the drill string to improve the mechanical drilling speed and increase the well extending capacity becomes one of the important points of research and construction.

At present, the friction reduction method applied to extended reach wells and horizontal well drilling at home and abroad mainly comprises the following aspects: adjustment of drilling fluid properties; reinforcing the stability of the well wall; reinforcing a solid phase control technology; optimizing the well track; optimizing a drilling tool assembly; various drag reduction tools are used, etc. However, various resistance-reducing and speed-increasing tools have certain use limitations, the rotary steering equipment has high cost, the hybrid drill bit has low mechanical drilling speed, and the partial friction-reducing resistance-reducing stabilizer has small resistance-reducing effect.

The hydraulic oscillator converts partial hydraulic energy into vibration energy of the drill string, converts static friction between the drill string and the well wall into dynamic friction, and improves the drilling speed and the extension capacity of the long horizontal section. The hydraulic oscillator comprises a pulse generator and a vibration generator, however, the existing hydraulic oscillator has the problems of unstable performance, overhigh pressure drop of the whole machine, limited application conditions of the ultra-deep horizontal well, unobvious drag reduction effect of a long horizontal section and the like, and the hydraulic oscillator can erode a valve bank during working to influence the friction reduction, resistance reduction and pressure reduction effect of the tool in the later use stage.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a turbine type oscillation impactor which can stably generate oscillation, is suitable for environments such as an ultra-deep horizontal well and the like, and can avoid erosion of a valve group.

The invention provides a turbine type oscillation impactor, which comprises:

an outer housing;

the transmission mandrel is arranged inside the outer shell and rotates under the action of fluid; and

the cam impact mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the transmission mandrel and generates periodic expansion when the transmission mandrel rotates;

the cam impact mechanism is provided with a throttle valve port, and the size of the throttle valve port changes periodically when the cam impact mechanism stretches.

The invention is further improved in that a turbine rotating mechanism is arranged outside the transmission mandrel, and the turbine rotating mechanism drives the transmission mandrel to rotate under the action of fluid.

The invention has the further improvement that the upper end of the outer shell is provided with an upper joint, and the lower end of the outer shell is provided with a lower joint; and an annular groove is formed in the inner wall of the outer shell and used for mounting the turbine rotating mechanism.

The invention is further improved in that an adjusting sleeve is arranged between the annular groove and the turbine rotating mechanism.

The invention further improves that the cam impact mechanism comprises a cam anvil body connected to the transmission mandrel and a cam impact hammer arranged on the upper joint; the cam anvil body and the cam punch hammer are provided with cam step surfaces which are matched with each other.

The invention is further improved in that the side surface of the cam anvil body is provided with a lower cam;

the upper end of the cam impact hammer is provided with an annular upper end face, the lower end of the cam impact hammer is provided with a barrel body sleeved on the rotating core, the lower end of the barrel body is provided with an upper cam, and the side face of the barrel body is provided with the throttle valve port.

The invention has the further improvement that the inner wall of the upper joint is provided with a flow guide ring groove, and the upper end of the flow guide ring groove is connected with the ring groove of the outer shell; the upper end of the flow guide ring groove forms a step structure;

when the cam impact hammer stretches, the size of the throttle valve port changes periodically under the shielding of the step structure.

The invention has the further improvement that the step surface of the cam comprises an inclined surface and a vertical surface, and when the transmission mandrel rotates, the inclined surface of the upper cam is matched with the inclined surface of the lower cam, so that the cam hammer is extended upwards; and when the vertical surface of the upper cam is shifted from the vertical surface of the lower cam, the cam impact hammer retracts downwards to generate impact force.

The invention has the further improvement that the upper part of the transmission mandrel is provided with an upper righting bearing inner ring, and the lower part of the transmission mandrel is provided with a lower righting bearing inner ring; the upper part of the shell is provided with an upper righting bearing outer ring matched with the upper righting bearing inner ring, and the lower part of the shell is provided with a lower righting bearing outer ring matched with the lower righting bearing inner ring.

The invention is further improved in that the lower end of the transmission mandrel is provided with an annular supporting piece, and the lower end face of the annular supporting piece is supported on the upper end face of the lower joint.

The invention is further improved in that a confluence channel is arranged on the side wall of the annular support.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

the turbine type oscillation impactor is more stable, is suitable for environments such as ultra-deep horizontal wells and the like, and can avoid the problem of valve group erosion. Fluid flows into the outer shell, the turbine rotating device rotates under the action of the fluid, so that the transmission mandrel is driven to rotate, the cam impact mechanism stretches and contracts to generate impact force when stretching and retracting in the rotating process of the transmission mandrel, meanwhile, the flow area of the throttling valve port changes when the cam impact mechanism stretches and retracts, the flow of the fluid changes, and therefore the pressure above the fluid changes periodically to form pressure pulse. The pressure pulses and the impact force act together to produce periodic oscillations.

The turbine type oscillation impactor disclosed by the invention can generate hydraulic pulse impact force through throttling on one hand, and generate mechanical impact force through mechanical collision on the other hand, and both the hydraulic pulse impact force and the mechanical impact force can play a role in vibration resistance reduction.

Drawings

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a turbine type vibratory impactor in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a camming anvil configuration according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cam punch according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a cam impact mechanism showing a state where a cam hammer and a cam anvil are contracted in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a cam impact mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing a state where a cam hammer is engaged with a cam anvil;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a cam impact mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing a state where the cam hammer and the cam anvil are extended.

In the drawings, like parts are provided with like reference numerals. The figures are not drawn to scale.

The meaning of the reference symbols in the drawings is as follows:

1. the device comprises an outer shell, 2, a transmission mandrel, 3, a cam impact mechanism, 11, an upper joint, 12, a lower joint, 13, an adjusting sleeve, 14, a boss, 15, an upper centering bearing outer ring, 16, a lower centering bearing outer ring, 17, a step structure, 21, a turbine rotating mechanism, 22, an upper centering bearing inner ring, 23, a lower centering bearing inner ring, 24, an annular support, 25, a confluence channel, 31, a cam anvil, 32, a cam impact hammer, 33, an upper cam, 34, a lower cam, 35, a throttling valve port, 36, a rotating core, 37, an inclined surface, 38 and a vertical surface.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is clear that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the invention, and not an exhaustive list of all embodiments. And the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

Fig. 1 schematically shows a turbine oscillator impactor according to the invention, comprising an outer casing 1, said outer casing 1 being of cylindrical configuration. The inner part of the outer shell 1 is provided with a transmission mandrel 2, and the transmission mandrel 2 rotates under the action of fluid. The cam impact mechanism 3 is further arranged inside the outer shell 1, the cam impact mechanism 3 is arranged at the upper end of the transmission mandrel 2, and the cam impact mechanism 3 generates periodic expansion when the transmission mandrel 2 rotates; the cam impact mechanism 3 is provided with a throttle valve port 35, and the size of the throttle valve port 35 changes periodically when the cam impact mechanism 3 extends and retracts.

When the turbine type oscillation impactor according to the embodiment is used, fluid flows into the outer shell 1, the transmission mandrel 2 rotates under the action of the fluid, the cam impact mechanism 3 stretches and contracts in the rotation process of the transmission mandrel 2 to generate impact force in the stretching process, and meanwhile, the size of the opening of the throttling valve port 35 is changed when the cam impact mechanism 3 stretches and contracts, so that the flow rate of the fluid is changed, the pressure above the time is periodically changed, and pressure pulses are formed. The pressure pulses and the impact force act together to produce periodic oscillations.

In one embodiment, a turbine rotating mechanism 21 is arranged outside the transmission mandrel 2, and the turbine rotating mechanism 21 drives the transmission mandrel 2 to rotate under the action of fluid. In this embodiment, the turbine rotating mechanism 21 is a turbine stator and rotor, wherein the turbine stator and rotor includes a plurality of annular cylindrical structures, and a plurality of blades are arranged inside the turbine stator and rotor, and the blades are arranged obliquely, and when a fluid passes through the blades, the blades are pushed to rotate the transmission spindle 2.

When fluid flows, the fluid enters an annular gap between the transmission mandrel 2 and the outer shell 1, blades of the turbine rotating mechanism 21 are pushed to rotate in the flowing process, the transmission mandrel 2 is driven to rotate when the turbine rotating mechanism 21 rotates, and the transmission mandrel 2 extends and retracts through the cam impact mechanism 3 when rotating.

In one embodiment, the upper end of the outer shell 1 is provided with an upper joint 11, and the lower end is provided with a lower joint 12; an annular groove is formed in the inner wall of the outer shell 1 and used for installing the turbine rotating mechanism 21. The lower part of the outer shell 1 is provided with an annular boss 14, the upper side of the boss 14 forms the annular groove, and the lower side of the boss also has a certain annular space.

The transmission mandrel 2 and the turbine rotating mechanism 21 are arranged in the annular groove and keep coaxial arrangement. An adjusting sleeve 13 is arranged between the annular groove and the turbine rotating mechanism 21 and used for adjusting the gap.

In one embodiment, the cam impact mechanism 3 includes a cam anvil 31 connected to the drive spindle 2, and a cam ram 32 disposed on the top sub 11. The cam anvil 31 rotates with the drive spindle 2 and the cam ram 32 can move axially in the upper part 11. In this embodiment, the cam anvil 31 and the cam punch 32 are provided with cam step surfaces that are engaged with each other, and the cam step surfaces are engaged with each other to move the cam punch 32 in the axial direction by relative rotation.

In one embodiment, the cam anvil 31 is provided with a lower cam 34 at a side thereof, and the lower cam 34 is a stepped cam and a rotary core 36 is provided above the stepped cam. The cross section of the rotary core 36 may be a polygonal cylinder or a circular cylinder, the radius of the rotary core 36 is smaller than the radius of the portion of the cam anvil 31 below the lower cam 34, and the lower cam 34 is a step as a transition.

The upper end of the cam ram 32 is provided with an annular upper end surface as a pressure surface for fluid flow, and has a tendency to move downward under the urging of the fluid. The lower end of the cam ram 32 is provided with a cylinder which is sleeved on the rotating core 36 and can rotate on the rotating core 36. The lower end of the cylinder body is provided with an upper cam 33, and the side surface of the cylinder body is provided with the throttle valve port 35.

In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the anvil body 31 has a cylindrical structure, and a lower cam 34 is provided at a lower end thereof. The upper end of the cam ram 32 is provided with an annular upper end surface as a pressure surface for fluid flow, and has a tendency to move downward under the urging of the fluid. The lower end of the cam ram 32 has a tubular structure, and as shown in fig. 3, an upper cam 33 is provided on the side surface thereof, the upper cam 33 is a stepped surface, and a rotary core 36 is provided below. A rotary core 36 is inserted inside the camming anvil 31. The throttle valve port 35 is arranged on the side surface of the cam ram 32.

In one embodiment, the inner wall of the upper joint 11 is provided with a flow guiding ring groove, and the upper end of the flow guiding ring groove is connected with the ring groove of the outer shell 1; the upper end of the diversion ring groove forms a step structure 17. When the cam ram 32 extends and retracts, the size of the throttle valve port 35 changes periodically under the shielding of the step structure 17.

In the turbine-type oscillation impactor according to the embodiment, when the cam anvil 31 rotates along with the transmission spindle 2, the lower cam 34 rotates along with the same, and when the cam anvil is matched with the upper cam 33, the cam ram 32 extends and contracts in the axial direction due to the unevenness of the cam structure, so that the position of the throttle valve port 35 is changed, the portion of the step structure 17, which covers the throttle valve port 35, is also changed, and the size of the throttle valve port 35 exposed is periodically changed.

In one embodiment, the cam step surface includes an inclined surface 37 and a vertical surface 38, and when the transmission mandrel 2 is initially contracted, as shown in fig. 4, the inclined surface 37 of the upper cam 33 and the inclined surface 37 of the lower cam 34 cooperate to cause the cam ram 32 to extend upward, as shown in fig. 5; when moved to the maximum position in which the vertical surface 38 of the upper cam 33 is extended from the vertical surface 38 of the lower cam 34 as shown in fig. 6, and displaced, the cam punch 32 is retracted downward to generate an impact force as shown in fig. 4.

In one embodiment, the upper end of the transmission mandrel 2 is provided with an upper centering bearing inner ring 22, and the lower end is provided with a lower centering bearing inner ring 23; the upper part of the outer shell 1 is provided with an upper righting bearing outer ring 15 matched with the upper righting bearing inner ring 22, and the lower part is provided with a lower righting bearing outer ring 16 matched with the lower righting bearing inner ring 23.

By arranging the upper centering bearing inner ring 22, the upper centering bearing outer ring 15, the lower centering bearing inner ring 23 and the lower centering bearing outer ring 16, the transmission mandrel 2 is always in a centered position when rotating, the upper cam 33 and the lower cam 34 are ensured to be coaxially opposite, and deflection is avoided.

In addition, a plurality of through holes for fluid to enter are arranged on the upper centering bearing outer ring 15 and the lower centering bearing outer ring 16.

In one embodiment, the lower end of the transmission mandrel 2 is provided with an annular support 24, and the lower end surface of the annular support 24 is supported on the upper end surface of the lower joint 12.

Preferably, a confluence channel 25 is provided on a sidewall of the annular support 24.

When the turbine type oscillation impactor according to the embodiment is used, after the fluid enters the outer shell 1 from the upper joint 11, a downward thrust is provided for the cam punch 32, meanwhile, the fluid enters the annular cavity between the outer shell 1 and the transmission mandrel 2 through the throttling valve port 35 of the cam punch 32, enters the turbine rotating mechanism 21 through the centering bearing outer ring, and pushes the turbine rotating mechanism 21 to rotate, so that the transmission mandrel 2 is driven to rotate. Finally the fluid enters the lower joint 12 through the annular support 24 and the confluence channel 25 and is left.

When the transmission mandrel 2 rotates, the cam anvil 31 is driven to rotate, the lower cam 34 of the cam anvil 31 and the upper cam 33 rotate relatively, the inclined surface 37 of the upper cam 33 is matched with the inclined surface 37 of the lower cam 34, the cam hammer 32 extends upwards while rotating, the lower part of the throttle valve port 35 is blocked by the step structure 17, the cross section of the throttle valve port is reduced, the flow rate is relatively reduced, and the upper pressure is increased.

When the cam anvil 31 rotates until the vertical surface 38 of the upper cam 33 is misaligned with the vertical surface 38 of the lower cam 34, the cam ram 32 retracts downward under the action of the upper pressure to generate an impact force. Meanwhile, the section of the throttle valve port 35 becomes large, and the flow rate relatively increases.

The periodic oscillation is generated by the combined action of the impact force of the cam ram 32 and the pulse pressure of the fluid.

In the present invention, the orientation terms "upper" and "lower" are both referred to the actual operating orientation of the turbine oscillator impactor.

While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed to include preferred embodiments and all such variations and/or modifications as fall within the scope of the invention, which are intended to be covered by the embodiments of the invention.

Claims

1. A turbine vibratory impactor, comprising:

an outer casing (1);

the transmission mandrel (2) is arranged inside the outer shell (1), and the transmission mandrel (2) rotates under the action of fluid; and

the cam impact mechanism (3) is arranged at the upper end of the transmission mandrel (2), and the cam impact mechanism (3) generates periodic expansion when the transmission mandrel (2) rotates;

the cam impact mechanism (3) is provided with a throttle valve port (35), and the size of the throttle valve port (35) changes periodically when the cam impact mechanism (3) stretches and contracts.

2. The turbine type oscillation impactor as recited in claim 1, characterized in that a turbine rotating mechanism (21) is arranged outside the transmission mandrel (2), and the turbine rotating mechanism (21) drives the transmission mandrel (2) to rotate under the action of fluid.

3. The turbine vibratory impactor as defined in claim 2, characterized in that the upper end of the outer casing (1) is provided with an upper joint (11) and the lower end is provided with a lower joint (12); an annular groove is formed in the inner wall of the outer shell (1) and used for installing the turbine rotating mechanism (21).

4. The turbine vibratory impactor as recited in claim 3, characterized in that an adjustment sleeve (13) is provided between the annular groove and the turbine rotation mechanism (21).

5. The turbine oscillator impactor as recited in claim 4, characterized in that the cam impact mechanism (3) comprises a cam anvil (31) connected to the drive spindle (2) and a cam ram (32) arranged on the upper joint (11); the cam anvil body (31) and the cam punch hammer (32) are provided with cam step surfaces which are matched with each other.

6. The turbine oscillator impactor as recited in claim 5, characterized in that the side of the anvil body (31) is provided with a lower cam (34);

the upper end of the cam punch hammer (32) is provided with an annular upper end face, the lower end of the cam punch hammer is provided with a cylinder body sleeved on the rotating core (36), the lower end of the cylinder body is provided with an upper cam (33), and the side face of the cylinder body is provided with the throttle valve port (35).

7. The turbine type oscillation impactor as recited in claim 6, characterized in that the inner wall of the upper joint (11) is provided with a flow guiding ring groove, and the upper end of the flow guiding ring groove is connected with the ring groove of the outer shell (1); the upper end of the flow guide ring groove forms a step structure (17);

when the cam impact hammer (32) extends and retracts, the size of the throttle valve port (35) is periodically changed under the shielding of the step structure (17).

8. The turbine type oscillation impactor as recited in any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the cam step surface comprises an inclined surface (37) and a vertical surface (38), and when the transmission mandrel (2) rotates, the inclined surface (37) of the upper cam (33) cooperates with the inclined surface (37) of the lower cam (34) to cause the cam ram (32) to protrude upward; when the vertical surface (38) of the upper cam (33) is displaced from the vertical surface (38) of the lower cam (34), the cam ram (32) retracts downwards to generate impact force.

9. The turbine vibratory impactor of any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the upper portion of the drive spindle (2) is provided with an upper centering bearing inner ring (22) and the lower portion is provided with a lower centering bearing inner ring (23); the upper portion of shell body (1) be provided with on right bearing inner race (22) complex right bearing outer lane (15), the lower part be provided with right bearing inner race (23) complex down right bearing outer lane (16).

10. The turbine oscillator impactor as recited in claim 9, characterized in that the lower end of the drive mandrel (2) is provided with an annular support (24), the lower end face of the annular support (24) being supported on the upper end face of the lower joint (12).

11. The turbine oscillator impactor as recited in claim 10, characterized in that a converging channel (25) is provided on the side wall of the annular support (24).