CN113006682B - Axial impact oscillation screw drill - Google Patents
Axial impact oscillation screw drill Download PDFInfo
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- CN113006682B CN113006682B CN202110306709.4A CN202110306709A CN113006682B CN 113006682 B CN113006682 B CN 113006682B CN 202110306709 A CN202110306709 A CN 202110306709A CN 113006682 B CN113006682 B CN 113006682B
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- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/16—Plural down-hole drives, e.g. for combined percussion and rotary drilling; Drives for multi-bit drilling units
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Abstract
The invention relates to an axial impact oscillation screw drill which comprises a screw drill body, wherein the screw drill body comprises a bypass valve assembly, a motor assembly and a transmission shaft assembly which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the bottom of the transmission shaft assembly is connected with an axial impact assembly, the axial impact assembly comprises an impact shaft capable of axially reciprocating, the bottom of the impact shaft is connected with a drill bit, a heavy hammer is sleeved on the outer side of the impact shaft, and the axial impact assembly is used for converting fluid energy of drilling fluid into axial impact force on the drill bit. The axial impact oscillation screw drilling tool solves the problem of low rock breaking efficiency when a screw drilling tool is adopted for drilling in a deep well hard stratum in the prior art, combines the screw drilling tool and the axial impact assembly together, has good compatibility, and effectively improves the mechanical drilling speed and the drilling capacity of the drilling tool.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an underground drilling tool in the field of petroleum development, in particular to an axial impact oscillation screw drill.
Background
Along with the rapid development of drilling engineering, the use of an underground power drilling tool becomes a common drilling method, the tool converts part of hydraulic kinetic energy of high-pressure drilling fluid into rotary mechanical energy, provides rotary torque close to a drill bit to drive the drill bit to rotate, and has the advantages of large output torque, high energy transfer efficiency, simplicity in operation, deflection capability and the like.
The conventional underground power drilling tool mainly comprises a screw drilling tool and a turbine drilling tool, wherein the screw drilling tool gradually becomes an essential conventional drilling tool in drilling engineering due to the characteristics of large torque, strong deflecting capacity, simple structure and the like.
The screw drilling tool is a positive displacement downhole power drilling tool, and is mainly characterized in that a rotor inside the screw drilling tool is driven to rotate by drilling fluid, and output torque is transmitted to a drill bit. One important function of the screw is to provide the torque required to rotate the bit, while the other function is to drill a directional well. The screw drill can be provided with a bent joint with a certain angle at the position of the cardan shaft, and the bent joint is used as a deflecting component and is the deflecting tool which is most applied at present.
With the development of oil and gas resources, the development of deep wells gradually brings new challenges to screw drilling tools, the drilling capability of the screw drilling tools in the hard formations of the deep wells needs to be improved, and some scholars at home and abroad improve the torque of the screw drilling tools by improving the structures of the screw stators and the screw rotors, such as a series screw, a lengthened screw, a multi-head screw and the like. The rock breaking efficiency of the screw drilling tool can be improved by increasing the torque, but the increased torque has certain influence on the service life and stability of the screw, and the rotation speed of the screw drilling tool can be reduced by increasing the torque.
When drilling in a deep well hard stratum, the stratum hardness is high, and the depth of the drill bit penetrating into the rock is shallow, so that the efficiency of breaking the rock by a single circle of the drill bit is low. Meanwhile, because the hardness of the deep well rock is higher and the anti-crushing capability of the rock is stronger, the drilling speed of the mechanical drilling tool is lower when a common screw drilling tool is adopted for drilling.
In order to improve the rock breaking efficiency in the deep well hard formation, the rock breaking needs to be carried out simultaneously from two aspects. First, to accommodate existing drilling processes, the screw drill is still required to provide output torque and whiplash. Secondly, the problem that the depth of the drill bit penetrating into the rock is insufficient in the deep well drilling process of the screw needs to be solved; finally, there is a need to reduce the fracture resistance of deep well hard formation rock and improve drillability.
In order to solve the problem of low mechanical drilling speed in a deep well hard stratum without changing the conventional drilling mode, the inventor provides an axial impact oscillation screw drill by virtue of experience and practice of related industries for many years so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an axial impact oscillation screw drill tool, which solves the problem of low rock breaking efficiency when a screw drill tool is adopted for drilling in a deep well hard stratum in the prior art.
The axial impact oscillation screw drill comprises a screw drill body, wherein the screw drill body comprises a bypass valve assembly, a motor assembly and a transmission shaft assembly which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the bottom of the transmission shaft assembly is connected with an axial impact assembly, the axial impact assembly comprises an impact shaft capable of axially reciprocating, the bottom of the impact shaft is connected with a drill bit, the outer side of the impact shaft is sleeved with a heavy hammer, and the axial impact assembly is used for converting fluid energy of drilling fluid into axial impact force on the drill bit.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transmission shaft assembly includes a transmission shaft whose top can be connected to the motor assembly, the transmission shaft is provided with a second central hole penetrating axially, and a transmission outer housing is sleeved outside the transmission shaft; the top of the impact shaft is circumferentially fixed and can be axially and slidably connected to the bottom of the transmission shaft, the impact shaft can coaxially rotate along with the transmission shaft, a third center hole which is axially communicated is formed in the impact shaft, and the third center hole is communicated with the second center hole; the impact shell is sleeved on the outer side of the impact shaft, and the heavy hammer is sleeved between the impact shaft and the impact shell.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first radial through groove and a second radial through groove are axially provided at an interval on a side wall of the impact shaft, the first radial through groove and the second radial through groove are located at a same circumferential position, a throttling nozzle is provided in the third central hole below the second radial through groove, and a nozzle through hole with a reduced aperture is provided in the throttling nozzle along an axial direction; the outer wall of the impact shaft is provided with a drainage channel which is axially communicated, and the drainage channel and the first radial through groove are circumferentially staggered; the outer wall of the impact shaft is sleeved with a reversing sleeve, and the top of the outer wall of the reversing sleeve is fixedly connected with the impact shell; the reversing sleeve is provided with a reversing through groove structure for changing the communication state of the first radial through groove and the second radial through groove, and the outer wall of the reversing sleeve is slidably sleeved with the heavy hammer.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reversing through groove structure includes a third radial through groove and a fourth radial through groove axially spaced on the reversing sleeve, the third radial through groove can be radially communicated with the first radial through groove, the fourth radial through groove can be radially communicated with the second radial through groove, and circumferential positions of the third radial through groove and the fourth radial through groove are staggered; axial guide ribs are arranged on the outer wall of the reversing sleeve at intervals in the circumferential direction; the top end of the heavy hammer is downwards concavely provided with an upper liquid cavity, the bottom end of the heavy hammer is upwards concavely provided with a lower liquid cavity, the inner wall of the heavy hammer is circumferentially provided with axial guide grooves at intervals, the axial guide grooves can be sleeved on the axial guide ribs in a sliding mode, the side wall of the impact shaft is provided with a fifth radial through groove below the throttling nozzle, and the fifth radial through groove can be communicated with the drainage channel and the third central hole.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an anvil is sleeved on the outer wall of the impact shaft below the reversing sleeve, a suspension ring is sleeved below the anvil, and the weight can impact the anvil and the suspension ring downward to drive the impact shaft to move downward.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a lower joint is disposed at the bottom of the impact outer housing, and the impact shaft rotates through the lower joint; the upper portion of the lower joint is sleeved in the impact outer shell, and the top surface of the lower joint is lower than the suspension ring.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a rubber sleeve is sleeved on the outer wall of the reversing sleeve above the third radial through groove, and the weight can move upward to impact the rubber sleeve.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the second central hole is provided with an impact connection hole with an increased diameter, the inner wall of the impact connection hole is provided with a connection spline groove along the axial direction, the top of the outer wall of the impact shaft is provided with a connection spline, and the connection spline is slidably sleeved in the connection spline groove.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the motor assembly includes a motor outer casing, and the bottom of the motor outer casing is hermetically connected with the top of the transmission outer casing; a stator structure is fixedly sleeved in the motor outer shell, a rotor structure is rotatably sleeved in the stator structure, and a motor flow passage is arranged between the rotor structure and the stator structure;
the rotor structure is provided with a rotor center hole which is axially communicated, and the top of the rotor center hole is connected with an anti-drop connecting rod; the bottom of the central hole of the rotor is connected with the transmission shaft through a ball type universal shaft; the ball type universal shaft is positioned in the transmission outer shell, and a transmission assembly annular flow passage is formed by arranging the outer wall of the ball type universal shaft and the inner wall of the transmission outer shell at intervals; the bottom of the ball type cardan shaft is provided with a cardan shaft through hole which is radially communicated, and the cardan shaft through hole is communicated with the transmission assembly annular flow channel and the second center hole.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bypass valve assembly includes a bypass valve body, and the bottom of the bypass valve body is hermetically connected to the top of the motor outer casing; the bypass valve is characterized in that a first center hole is formed in the bypass valve body in a penetrating mode in the axial direction, a valve core is arranged in the first center hole in a sealing and sliding mode, a valve body side through hole which penetrates through the bypass valve body in the radial direction is formed in the side wall of the bypass valve body, and a valve core center hole is formed in the valve core in a penetrating mode in the axial direction.
From the above, the axial impact oscillation screw drill provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the axial impact oscillation screw drill tool provided by the invention, the screw drill tool body and the axial impact assembly are combined together, high-pressure drilling fluid is taken as a driving medium, stable output torque is generated, and meanwhile, axial impact oscillation load is generated, and high-amplitude axial impact load is provided for a drill bit on the basis of rotary rock breaking, so that the rock breaking energy at the drill bit can be increased, the rock depth of the drill bit is increased, the volume of the formed rock is increased, and the mechanical drilling speed is effectively improved; in the axial impact oscillation screw drill provided by the invention, the movable parts for axial impact are fewer, and the axial impact oscillation screw drill is stable and reliable and has a wider application range.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1: the axial impact oscillation screw drill is a schematic diagram when an impact shaft is at the uppermost end of a stroke.
FIG. 2: is an enlarged view at I in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3: is a schematic diagram of the axial impact oscillation screw drill of the invention when the impact shaft is at the lowest end of the stroke.
FIG. 4: is an enlarged view at II in FIG. 3.
FIG. 5: is a schematic view of the impact shaft of the present invention.
FIG. 6: is a schematic diagram of the weight of the present invention.
FIG. 7: is a schematic view of the reversing sleeve of the present invention.
In the figure:
100. axially impacting and oscillating the screw drill;
1. a bypass valve assembly;
11. a bypass valve body; 111. a first central aperture; 112. a valve body side through hole; 12. a valve core; 121. a central hole of the valve core;
2. a motor assembly;
21. a motor outer housing; 22. a stator structure; 23. a rotor structure; 231. a rotor center hole; 24. the anti-drop connecting rod; 25. a ball type cardan shaft; 251. a through hole of the cardan shaft;
3. a drive shaft assembly;
31. a drive shaft; 32. a second central aperture; 33. a transmission outer housing; 34. an upper righting bearing; 35. a middle centering bearing; 36. a thrust ball bearing set;
4. an axial impact assembly;
41. an impact shaft; 411. a first radial through groove; 412. a second radial through groove; 413. a drain channel; 414. a fifth radial through groove; 415. connecting a spline;
42. a third central aperture;
43. impacting the outer shell;
44. a weight; 441. a feeding cavity; 442. a lower liquid cavity; 443. an axial guide groove;
45. a throttling nozzle; 451. a nozzle through hole;
46. a reversing sleeve; 461. a third radial through groove; 462. a fourth radial through groove; 463. an axial guide rib;
47. an anvil;
48. a suspension ring;
49. a lower joint;
50. a rubber sleeve;
51. and (5) righting the bearing.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The specific embodiments of the present invention described herein are for the purpose of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Any possible variations based on the present invention may be conceived by the skilled person in the light of the teachings of the present invention, and these should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may include, for example, mechanical or electrical connections, communications between two elements, direct connections, indirect connections through intermediaries, and the like. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the present invention provides an axial impact oscillation screw drill 100, which includes a screw drill body (an existing screw drill may be used), the screw drill body includes a bypass valve assembly 1, a motor assembly 2 and a transmission shaft assembly 3 that are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the bypass valve assembly 1 is used for controlling a flow direction of a drilling fluid, the motor assembly 2 is used for converting hydraulic power of the drilling fluid into mechanical energy for driving the transmission shaft assembly 3 to rotate around a central shaft, the bottom of the transmission shaft assembly 3 is connected with an axial impact assembly 4, the axial impact assembly 4 includes an impact shaft 41 capable of axially reciprocating, the bottom of the impact shaft 41 is connected with a drill bit (PDC drill bit, not shown in the prior art), a heavy hammer 44 is sleeved on an outer side of the impact shaft 41, and the axial impact assembly 4 is used for converting fluid energy of the drilling fluid into axial impact force on the drill bit.
In the axial impact oscillation screw drill tool provided by the invention, the screw drill tool body and the axial impact assembly are combined together, high-pressure drilling fluid is taken as a driving medium, stable output torque is generated, and meanwhile, axial impact oscillation load is generated, and high-amplitude axial impact load is provided for a drill bit on the basis of rotary rock breaking, so that the rock breaking energy at the drill bit can be increased, the rock depth of the drill bit is increased, the volume of the formed rock is increased, and the mechanical drilling speed is effectively improved; in the axial impact oscillation screw drill provided by the invention, the movable parts for axial impact are fewer, and the axial impact oscillation screw drill is stable and reliable and has a wider application range.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the transmission shaft assembly 3 includes a transmission shaft 31 whose top can be connected with the motor assembly 2, the transmission shaft 31 is provided with a second center hole 32 which axially penetrates through, and the outer side of the transmission shaft 31 is sleeved with a transmission outer shell 33; the top of the impact shaft 41 is circumferentially fixed and can be axially slidably connected to the bottom of the transmission shaft 31, the impact shaft 41 can coaxially rotate along with the transmission shaft 31, a third center hole 42 which axially penetrates through is formed in the impact shaft 41, and the third center hole 42 and the second center hole 32 are arranged in a penetrating manner; the outer side of the impact shaft 41 is sleeved with an impact outer shell 43, and a weight 44 is sleeved between the impact shaft 41 and the impact outer shell 43.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, a first radial through groove 411 and a second radial through groove 412 are axially provided at an interval on a side wall of the impact shaft 41, the first radial through groove 411 and the second radial through groove 412 are located at the same circumferential position, a throttling nozzle 45 is provided in the third center hole 42 below the second radial through groove 412, and a nozzle through hole 451 with a reduced aperture is provided in the throttling nozzle 45 along the axial direction; the outer wall of the impact shaft 41 is provided with a drainage channel 413 which is axially communicated, and the drainage channel 413 and the first radial through groove 411 are circumferentially staggered; a reversing sleeve 46 is sleeved on the outer wall of the impact shaft 41, and the top of the outer wall of the reversing sleeve 46 is fixedly connected with the impact shell 43; the reversing sleeve 46 is provided with a reversing through groove structure for changing the communication state of the first radial through groove 411 and the second radial through groove 412, and the outer wall of the reversing sleeve 46 is slidably sleeved with the heavy hammer 44.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5, fig. 6, and fig. 7, the reversing through groove structure includes a third radial through groove 461 and a fourth radial through groove 462 that are axially spaced on the reversing sleeve 46, the third radial through groove 461 can be in radial communication with the first radial through groove 411, the fourth radial through groove 462 can be in radial communication with the second radial through groove 412, and circumferential positions of the third radial through groove 461 and the fourth radial through groove 462 are staggered; in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the third radial through groove 461 and the fourth radial through groove 462 are circumferentially spaced by 90 °. The outer wall of the reversing sleeve 46 is circumferentially provided with axial guide ribs 463 at intervals; the weight 44 is a stepped hollow cylinder, the top end of the weight 44 is recessed downwards to form an upper fluid chamber 441, the bottom end of the weight 44 is recessed upwards to form a lower fluid chamber 442, axial guide grooves 443 are circumferentially and alternately formed in the inner wall of the weight 44, the axial guide grooves 443 can be slidably sleeved on the axial guide ribs 463, a fifth radial through groove 414 is formed in the side wall of the impact shaft 41 and located below the throttling nozzle 45, and the fifth radial through groove 414 can communicate the drainage channel 413 with the third central hole 42.
Furthermore, an anvil 47 is sleeved on the outer wall of the impact shaft 41 below the reversing sleeve 46, a suspension ring 48 is sleeved below the anvil 47, and the weight 44 can impact the anvil 47 and the suspension ring 48 downwards to drive the impact shaft 41 to move downwards. The anvil 47 is fixedly mounted on the impact shaft 41 through threads; an annular groove is formed in the outer wall of the impact shaft 41, a conical thread is arranged below the annular groove, the suspension ring 48 is in a split state, the lower portion of the suspension ring 48 is in threaded connection with the conical thread, and the annular groove is sleeved with the middle portion of the suspension ring 48.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, 2 radially symmetric bosses are disposed in the middle of the outer wall of the impact shaft 41, and a first radial through groove 411 and a second radial through groove 412 are axially disposed on each boss at intervals; the adjacent surfaces of the bosses form the aforesaid bleed flow channel 413, and the bottom of the bleed flow channel 413 is provided with the aforesaid fifth radial through groove 414. An internal threaded portion is provided in the third center hole 42, and the throttle nozzle 45 is screwed to the internal threaded portion.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, a lower joint 49 is arranged at the bottom of the impact outer shell 43, and the impact shaft 41 rotates to penetrate through the lower joint 49; in the present embodiment, a lower centering bearing 51 is sleeved between the impact shaft 41 and the lower joint 49 (the lower centering bearing 51 is fixedly mounted on the impact shaft 41 by interference fit), so as to ensure the smooth rotation of the impact shaft. The upper portion of the lower tab 49 is nested within the impact shell 43 and the top surface of the lower tab 49 is disposed below the suspension ring 48. In one embodiment of the invention, the lower sub 49 is threadably connected to the impingement shell 43.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, a rubber sleeve 50 is sleeved on the outer wall of the reversing sleeve 46 above the third radial through groove 461, the weight 44 can move upwards to impact the rubber sleeve 50, and the rubber sleeve 50 is a rubber pad.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the reversing sleeve 46 is a stepped hollow cylinder, the outer wall of the upper end is provided with an external thread portion, and the reversing sleeve 46 is fixedly mounted on the housing of the impact nipple through the external thread portion; a reversing annular groove is formed in the reversing sleeve 46 below the external thread part, and the rubber sleeve 50 is buckled in the reversing annular groove.
During the rotation of the impact shaft 41, the circumferential positions of the first radial through groove 411 and the second radial through groove 412 on the impact shaft 41 are changed. The reversing sleeve 46 is coaxially fixed on the impact outer shell 43, and a third radial through groove 461 and a fourth radial through groove 462 thereof can respectively communicate with the first radial through groove 411 and the second radial through groove 412 on the impact shaft 41 in the radial direction.
The throttling nozzle 45 can throttle and suppress pressure of drilling fluid flowing into the third center hole 42, the first radial through groove 411 is higher than the second radial through groove 412, the impact shaft 41 rotates along with the transmission shaft 31, the first radial through groove 411 is radially communicated with the third radial through groove 461, the second radial through groove 412 is circumferentially staggered with the fourth radial through groove 462, part of high-pressure drilling fluid flows to an upper fluid cavity 441 at the top of the heavy hammer 44 and an annular space above the upper fluid cavity through the first radial through groove 411 and the third radial through groove 461, the heavy hammer 44 moves downwards under the action of the high-pressure drilling fluid to impact the anvil 47 and the suspension ring 48, and the suspension ring 48 drives the impact shaft 41 to move downwards under the action of downward impact force to provide high-amplitude axial impact load for the drill bit on the basis of rotary rock breaking of the drill bit;
the impact shaft 41 continues to rotate along with the transmission shaft 31, the second radial through groove 412 is radially communicated with the fourth radial through groove 462, the first radial through groove 411 and the third radial through groove 461 are circumferentially staggered, part of high-pressure drilling fluid flows to a lower fluid cavity 442 at the bottom of the heavy hammer 44 through the second radial through groove 412 and the fourth radial through groove 462, the pressure in the lower fluid cavity 442 rises, meanwhile, the drilling fluid at the top of the heavy hammer 44 flows to the drill bit through a drainage channel 413, a fifth radial through groove 414 and a third central hole 42, due to the pressure difference between the upper fluid cavity 441 and the lower fluid cavity 442, the heavy hammer 44 moves upwards and impacts a rubber sleeve 50 (rubber pad), and then the heavy hammer 44 falls to the bottom end and abuts against the top surface of the anvil under the action of gravity; under the action of the upward bit pressure, the drill bit pushes against the impact shaft 41 to move upwards and return to the state before moving downwards. The continuous rotation of the impact shaft 41 will continuously change the pressure difference between the upper fluid chamber 441 and the lower fluid chamber 442 of the weight 44, and generate a certain shock wave.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the bottom of the second center hole 32 is provided with an impact connection hole with an increased diameter, a connecting spline groove is axially formed in the inner wall of the impact connection hole, a connecting spline 415 is formed at the top of the outer wall of the impact shaft 41, and the connecting spline 415 is slidably sleeved in the connecting spline groove. The transmission shaft 31 drives the impact shaft 41 to rotate through the connecting spline 415, and the circumferential positions of the first radial through groove 411 and the second radial through groove 412 can be continuously changed in the rotating process of the impact shaft 41.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the motor assembly 2 includes a motor outer casing 21, and the bottom of the motor outer casing 21 is hermetically connected with the top of the transmission outer casing 33; a stator structure 22 is fixedly sleeved in the motor outer shell 21, a rotor structure 23 is rotatably sleeved in the stator structure 22, and a motor flow channel is arranged between the rotor structure 23 and the stator structure 22;
the rotor structure 23 is provided with a rotor center hole 231 which is axially penetrated, and the top of the rotor center hole 231 is connected with an anti-falling connecting rod 24; the bottom of the rotor center hole 231 is connected with the transmission shaft 31 through the ball type cardan shaft 25; the ball type universal shaft 25 is positioned in the transmission outer shell 33, and a transmission assembly annular flow channel is formed by arranging the outer wall of the ball type universal shaft 25 and the inner wall of the transmission outer shell 33 at intervals; the bottom of the ball type cardan shaft 25 is provided with a cardan shaft through hole 251 which penetrates through in the radial direction, and the cardan shaft through hole 251 is communicated with the transmission assembly annular flow passage and the second center hole 32. The rotor structure 23 of the motor assembly 2 drives the transmission shaft 31 to rotate, and since the transmission shaft 31 and the impact shaft 41 are connected by splines, the transmission shaft 31 can drive the impact shaft 41 to rotate, and the impact shaft 41 can reciprocate axially along the transmission shaft 31.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the bypass valve assembly 1 includes a bypass valve body 11, and the bottom of the bypass valve body 11 is hermetically connected with the top of the motor outer casing 21; a first central hole 111 is axially arranged in the bypass valve body 11 in a penetrating manner, a valve core 12 is arranged in the first central hole 111 in a sealing and sliding manner, a valve body side through hole 112 which is radially penetrated is arranged on the side wall of the bypass valve body 11, and a sieve plate is arranged in the valve body side through hole 112; the valve body 12 is provided with a valve body center hole 121 penetrating in the axial direction.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, an upper centering bearing 34 is disposed between the upper portion of the transmission shaft 31 and the inner wall of the transmission outer housing 33, a middle centering bearing 35 is disposed between the lower portion of the transmission shaft 31 and the transmission outer housing 33, and a thrust ball bearing set 36 is sleeved on the transmission shaft 31 between the upper centering bearing and the middle centering bearing to ensure smooth rotation of the transmission shaft 31.
The axial impact oscillation screw drill 100 of the present invention is used as follows:
in the working process, drilling fluid flows into the motor assembly 2 through the bypass valve assembly 1 to drive the rotor structure 23 to rotate relative to the stator structure 22, the rotor structure 23 drives the transmission shaft 31 to rotate through the ball-type universal shaft 25, the transmission shaft 31 drives the impact shaft 41 to rotate through the connecting spline 415, the throttling nozzle 45 throttles and suppresses pressure of the drilling fluid flowing into the third central hole 42, the first radial through groove 411 is higher than the second radial through groove 412, the impact shaft 41 rotates along with the transmission shaft 31, the first radial through groove 411 is radially communicated with the third radial through groove 461, the second radial through groove 412 is circumferentially staggered with the fourth radial through groove 462, and part of the high-pressure drilling fluid passes through the first radial through groove 411, the third radial slot 461 flows to the upper fluid cavity 441 at the top of the weight 44 and the annular space above the upper fluid cavity, and the lower fluid cavity 442 at the bottom of the weight 44 is communicated with the third central hole 42, and the fluid at the lower end of the weight can flow out from the channel; the heavy hammer 44 moves downwards along the axial guide rib 463 under the action of the high-pressure drilling fluid to impact the anvil 47 and the suspension ring 48, and the suspension ring 48 drives the impact shaft 41 to move downwards under the action of downward impact force to provide high-amplitude axial impact load for the drill bit on the basis of driving the drill bit to rotate and break rock;
the impact shaft 41 continues to rotate along with the transmission shaft 31, the second radial through groove 412 is radially communicated with the fourth radial through groove 462, the first radial through groove 411 and the third radial through groove 461 are circumferentially staggered, part of high-pressure drilling fluid flows to a lower fluid cavity 442 at the bottom of the heavy hammer 44 through the second radial through groove 412 and the fourth radial through groove 462, the pressure in the lower fluid cavity 442 rises, meanwhile, the drilling fluid at the top of the heavy hammer 44 flows to the drill bit through the drainage channel 413, the fifth radial through groove 414 and the third central hole 42, and due to the pressure difference between the upper fluid cavity 441 and the lower fluid cavity 42, the heavy hammer 44 moves upwards and impacts the rubber sleeve 50 (rubber pad); under the action of the upward bit pressure, the drill bit pushes against the impact shaft 41 to move upwards and return to the state before moving downwards. The continuous rotation of the impact shaft 41 will continuously change the pressure difference between the upper fluid chamber 441 and the lower fluid chamber 442 of the weight 44, and generate a certain shock wave.
The continuous rotation of the impact shaft 41 drives the weight 44 to reciprocate axially, so as to form axial impact and transmit the axial impact to the drill bit, so as to form impact oscillation load, and the continuous rotation of the impact shaft 41 can provide continuous cutting torque for the drill bit.
From the above, the axial impact oscillation screw drill provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the axial impact oscillation screw drill tool provided by the invention, the screw drill tool body and the axial impact assembly are combined together, high-pressure drilling fluid is taken as a driving medium, stable output torque is generated, and meanwhile, axial impact oscillation load is generated, and high-amplitude axial impact load is provided for a drill bit on the basis of rotary rock breaking, so that the rock breaking energy at the drill bit can be increased, the rock depth of the drill bit is increased, the volume of the formed rock is increased, and the mechanical drilling speed is effectively improved; in the axial impact oscillation screw drill provided by the invention, the movable parts for axial impact are fewer, and the axial impact oscillation screw drill is stable and reliable and has a wider application range.
The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention should fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An axial impact oscillation screw drill is characterized by comprising a screw drill body, wherein the screw drill body comprises a bypass valve assembly, a motor assembly and a transmission shaft assembly which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the bottom of the transmission shaft assembly is connected with an axial impact assembly, the axial impact assembly comprises an impact shaft capable of axially reciprocating, the bottom of the impact shaft is connected with a drill bit, the outer side of the impact shaft is sleeved with a heavy hammer, and the axial impact assembly is used for converting fluid energy of drilling fluid into axial impact force on the drill bit;
the transmission shaft assembly comprises a transmission shaft the top of which can be connected with the motor assembly, a second center hole which is axially communicated is formed in the transmission shaft, and a transmission outer shell is sleeved on the outer side of the transmission shaft; the top of the impact shaft is circumferentially fixed and can be axially and slidably connected to the bottom of the transmission shaft, the impact shaft can coaxially rotate along with the transmission shaft, a third center hole which is axially communicated is formed in the impact shaft, and the third center hole is communicated with the second center hole; an impact shell is sleeved on the outer side of the impact shaft, and the heavy hammer is sleeved between the impact shaft and the impact shell;
a first radial through groove and a second radial through groove are axially arranged on the side wall of the impact shaft at intervals, the first radial through groove and the second radial through groove are positioned at the same circumferential position, a throttling nozzle is arranged in the third central hole and below the second radial through groove, and a nozzle through hole with a reduced aperture is axially arranged on the throttling nozzle; the outer wall of the impact shaft is provided with an axial through drainage channel, and the drainage channel and the first radial through groove are arranged in a circumferentially staggered manner; the outer wall of the impact shaft is sleeved with a reversing sleeve, and the top of the outer wall of the reversing sleeve is fixedly connected with the impact shell; the reversing sleeve is provided with a reversing through groove structure for changing the communication state of the first radial through groove and the second radial through groove, and the outer wall of the reversing sleeve is slidably sleeved with the heavy hammer.
2. The axial percussive oscillation screw drill as set forth in claim 1, wherein said reversing through slot structure includes third and fourth radially through slots axially spaced on the reversing sleeve, said third radially through slot being capable of radially communicating with said first radially through slot, said fourth radially through slot being capable of radially communicating with said second radially through slot, said third and fourth radially through slots being staggered in circumferential position; axial guide ribs are arranged on the outer wall of the reversing sleeve at intervals in the circumferential direction; the top end of the heavy hammer is downwards concavely provided with an upper liquid cavity, the bottom end of the heavy hammer is upwards concavely provided with a lower liquid cavity, the inner wall of the heavy hammer is circumferentially provided with axial guide grooves at intervals, the axial guide grooves can be sleeved on the axial guide ribs in a sliding mode, the side wall of the impact shaft is provided with a fifth radial through groove below the throttling nozzle, and the fifth radial through groove can be communicated with the drainage channel and the third central hole.
3. The axial impact oscillating screw drill according to claim 2, wherein an anvil is provided on the outer wall of the impact shaft below the reversing sleeve, and a suspension ring is provided below the anvil, and the weight can impact the anvil and the suspension ring downward to move the impact shaft downward.
4. The axial percussive oscillating screw drill according to claim 3, wherein a lower joint is provided at the bottom of the percussive outer housing, through which the percussive shaft rotates; the upper portion of the lower joint is sleeved in the impact outer shell, and the top surface of the lower joint is lower than the suspension ring.
5. The axial impact oscillation screw drill as defined in claim 2, wherein a rubber sleeve is sleeved on the outer wall of the reversing sleeve above the third radial through groove, and the weight can move upward to impact the rubber sleeve.
6. The axial impact oscillation screw drill as claimed in claim 2, wherein the bottom of the second central hole is provided with an impact connection hole with an enlarged diameter, the inner wall of the impact connection hole is provided with a connecting spline groove along the axial direction, the top of the outer wall of the impact shaft is provided with a connecting spline, and the connecting spline is slidably sleeved in the connecting spline groove.
7. The axial percussive vibratory screw drill as set forth in claim 2, wherein the motor assembly includes an outer motor housing, a bottom of the outer motor housing being sealingly connected to a top of the outer drive housing; a stator structure is fixedly sleeved in the motor outer shell, a rotor structure is rotatably sleeved in the stator structure, and a motor flow channel is arranged between the rotor structure and the stator structure;
the rotor structure is provided with a rotor center hole which is axially communicated, and the top of the rotor center hole is connected with an anti-drop connecting rod; the bottom of the central hole of the rotor is connected with the transmission shaft through a ball type universal shaft; the ball type universal shaft is positioned in the transmission outer shell, and a transmission assembly annular flow passage is formed by arranging the outer wall of the ball type universal shaft and the inner wall of the transmission outer shell at intervals; and a universal shaft through hole which is radially penetrated is formed in the bottom of the ball type universal shaft and is communicated with the transmission assembly annular flow channel and the second central hole.
8. The axial percussive oscillation screw drill of claim 7, wherein the bypass valve assembly includes a bypass valve body, a bottom portion of the bypass valve body sealingly connected to a top portion of the motor outer housing; the bypass valve is characterized in that a first center hole is formed in the bypass valve body in a penetrating mode along the axial direction, a valve core is arranged in the first center hole in a sealing and sliding mode, a valve body side through hole which penetrates through the bypass valve body in the radial direction is formed in the side wall of the bypass valve body, and a valve core center hole is formed in the valve core in a penetrating mode along the axial direction.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110306709.4A CN113006682B (en) | 2021-03-23 | 2021-03-23 | Axial impact oscillation screw drill |
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| CN202110306709.4A CN113006682B (en) | 2021-03-23 | 2021-03-23 | Axial impact oscillation screw drill |
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| CN113006682B true CN113006682B (en) | 2022-07-05 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114718465B (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2023-05-26 | 中南大学 | Dynamic pull-shear tunneling drill bit and composite rock breaking method |
| CN117722149B (en) * | 2023-10-19 | 2024-04-16 | 山东石油化工学院 | Hydraulic sliding resistance-changing device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3970152A (en) * | 1974-06-14 | 1976-07-20 | Bassinger Tool Enterprises, Ltd. | Mud actuated drilling tool |
| CN103953281B (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2016-01-13 | 北京信息科技大学 | composite impact drilling tool |
| CN204457422U (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-07-08 | 中国石油大学(北京) | composite impact drilling tool |
| CN110374495A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-10-25 | 山东陆海石油技术股份有限公司 | A kind of high frequency circumferential direction impact type spiral drilling rig structure |
| CN210977336U (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2020-07-10 | 天津市高原瑞丰工贸有限公司 | Torsional impact oscillation screw |
| CN112502609A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-03-16 | 天津立林石油机械有限公司 | Full-open type rotary-punching screw drill |
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