CN115816317A - Preparation method and application of granular filler for grinding wheel - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of granular filler for grinding wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN115816317A CN115816317A CN202211355030.5A CN202211355030A CN115816317A CN 115816317 A CN115816317 A CN 115816317A CN 202211355030 A CN202211355030 A CN 202211355030A CN 115816317 A CN115816317 A CN 115816317A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method and application of granular filler for a grinding wheel, and the preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) Preparing materials: 100 parts of industrial alumina powder, 10-15 parts of sulfuric acid, 10-15 parts of hydrochloric acid, 20-30 parts of nitric acid and 180-260 parts of purified water; 2) Mixing materials, vacuumizing and stirring for 40-60 min, standing for 10-15 min, extruding by a pressure device after the materials are in a gel state, and placing in a tray; 3) And (3) drying: 4) Crushing; 5) Melting; 6) Mixing materials; 7) Extruding; 8) Drying; 9) Crushing again; 10 ) are sieved to obtain a granular filler. The adding proportion is 5 to 10 percent. The ceramic grinding tool, the resin grinding tool and the superhard grinding tool are universal, the filler is easy to distribute, and the agglomeration is not easy to occur; the grinding tool does not generate pollution gas in the firing process, and meets the requirement of environmental protection; the material has low hardness, is easy to fall off to form air holes, and is convenient for heat dissipation and chip removal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of grinding wheel manufacturing, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a granular filler for a grinding wheel, wherein the granular filler is applied to a resin grinding tool, a ceramic grinding tool and a superhard grinding tool.
Background
The continuous innovation of the modern grinding machine technology leads the grinding machine to enter the high-speed era, and forces the internal quality of the grinding wheel to be continuously improved and develop towards high speed, low density and high strength.
The traditional method for improving the grinding wheel is to add a pore-forming agent and increase the dosage of a bonding agent so as to meet the use requirement of a customer. The common pore-forming agent comprises walnut shell, refined naphthalene, alumina hollow sphere, ammonium sulfate, carbon powder and the like.
The conventional pore-forming agent has the following disadvantages:
1. the material of the bonding agent causes that the pore-forming agent can not be used universally, the ceramic grinding tool mainly adopts walnut shells as the pore-forming agent, the resin grinding tool adopts alumina hollow spheres and refined naphthalene as the pore-forming agent, and the superhard grinding tool adopts ammonium sulfate, carbon powder and the like as the pore-forming agent.
2. The difference between the material density of the pore-forming agent and the abrasive density is large, the pore-forming agent is not uniformly distributed in the forming process of the grinding wheel, and particularly the pore-forming agent is easy to float upwards in the stirring and scraping process. For example, the alumina hollow spheres have small packing density and are spherical, and cannot be immediately lowered in the process of lifting the scraper, so that the alumina hollow spheres float on the surface of the grinding wheel.
3. The pore-forming agent is unsafe and not environment-friendly after being combusted
1) The firing temperature of the ceramic grinding tool and the ceramic superhard grinding tool is 920-1300 ℃ (the temperature of products with different specifications is different), the carbonization temperature of the walnut shell is 350-380 ℃, the walnut shell can become CO2 when the temperature is higher than 400 ℃, the CO2 can be discharged into the atmosphere, the green house gas belongs to, and the carbon powder can also become CO2 when fired at high temperature, so that the environment is not protected;
2) Refined naphthalene, white crystal, melting point of about 80 deg.C, boiling point of about 217 deg.C, and density of 1.16g/cm 3 The material is inflammable solid, has pungent smell and belongs to low-toxicity substances, and produces toxic gas in the firing process, so the material is unsafe;
3) White crystal of ammonium sulfate, the melting point of 230-280 ℃, and the density of 1.77g/cm 3 The environment-friendly organic fertilizer has certain irritation to eyes, mucous membranes and skin of a human body, can cause soil to be acidized and hardened after being used for a long time, contains sulfur and nitrogen in molecules, can react with air to be converted into greenhouse gas in high-temperature firing, and is not environment-friendly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of granular filler for a grinding wheel, wherein alumina is used as a raw material, the granular filler is generally used for ceramic grinding tools, resin grinding tools and superhard grinding tools, the difference between the density and the grinding material is small, the granular filler is easy to distribute and agglomerate, a pore-forming agent is not easy to generate, and the granular filler does not disappear and generates no waste gas in the grinding tool firing process, and is safe and environment-friendly.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
namely, the preparation method of the granular filler for the grinding wheel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Preparing materials: 100 parts of industrial alumina powder;
2) Mixing materials: mixing the materials with an acid product, stirring for 40-60 min in a large mixing pot under the condition of vacuumizing, standing for 10-15 min after stirring is finished, extruding the mixture into a gel state by a pressure device, placing the gel in a tray, and drying;
3) And (3) drying: continuously drying for 24 hours in a drying furnace at 120 ℃ for later use;
4) Crushing: crushing into granules by a crusher for later use;
5) Re-melting: 100 parts of crushed materials;
60-80 parts of industrial dextrin water;
6) Mixing materials again: soaking the crushed materials in dextrin water, continuously stirring in a double-screw stirring device until the crushed materials are in a paste shape, stopping stirring, and taking out for later use;
7) Extruding: placing the mixed paste into an industrial strip extruding machine, and extruding a strip with the diameter of 0.5-0.7 mm by pressure for later use;
8) And (3) drying: placing the extruded long strip on a tray, and putting the tray into a drying furnace at 80 ℃ for drying for 24 hours;
9) And (3) re-crushing: crushing the strips into granules by a crusher;
10 ) sieving to obtain granular filler.
Aluminum oxide (Al) 2 O 3 ) Is a compound with higher hardness, can react with dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid and dilute nitric acid, and dissolves alumina.
Reaction of alumina with hydrochloric acidThe following steps are required: al (aluminum) 2 O 3 +6HCl＝2AlCl 3 +3H 2 0；
Reaction of alumina with sulfuric acid: al (aluminum) 2 O 3 +3H 2 SO 4 ＝Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 +3H 2 O；
Reacting aluminum oxide with nitric acid: al (Al) 2 O 3 +6HNO 3 ＝2Al(NO 3 ) 3 +3H 2 O。
The alumina reacts with different acids to generate different chemicals which react in the stirring process to finally form a gel state.
The hydrochloric acid concentration of the invention is as follows: 36% -38%, sulfuric acid concentration: more than 98.3%, nitric acid concentration: more than 68 percent of the total weight of the product is the commercial product in the prior art.
The acid mixture of the invention is firstly diluted by adding purified water and then added with industrial alumina powder.
The industrial dextrin water is used as a binder to better bond broken materials.
The state of the alumina does not change after reacting with the acid, and the first drying is to remove the residual volatile substances after the reaction of the industrial alumina powder and the acid; the second drying is to remove the moisture in the long strip-shaped material. The first crushing is to crush the dissolved alumina into small blocks, so that the subsequent redissolution is facilitated, the dissolution speed is increased, and the production efficiency is improved; the second crushing pass is to crush the extruded sliver into the desired different sized particles.
The granular filler prepared by the method has the granularity of 16-150 #, is added into the production and manufacture of the grinding tool according to the requirement of the product, and the adding proportion is 5-10%.
The density range of corundum abrasive, silicon carbide abrasive and diamond abrasive used by the grinding tool is 3.1-3.9 g/cm 3 The cubic boron nitride density was 2.29g/cm 3 The raw material of the granular filler is alumina, and the density ranges from 3.5 to 3.9g/cm 3 . The density of the grinding tool is basically consistent with that of the grinding material in the forming process, and the situation that the filler floats upwards in the stirring and scraping material due to low density can not occur. The shape of the particles is consistent with that of the grinding material, which is more beneficial to the formationDistribution in the profile.
The granular filler prepared by the invention falls off under the dual actions of scouring and extruding of grinding fluid in the grinding process of the grinding tool to form air holes, thereby facilitating heat dissipation and chip removal.
The added granular filler does not disappear in the process of firing the grinding tool, no waste gas is generated, and the environment-friendly requirement is met.
A resin grinding wheel made of the granular filler according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
100 parts of an abrasive;
4 parts of a wetting agent;
11 parts of phenolic resin;
8 parts of granular filler.
When the granular filler prepared by the method is applied to a resin grinding tool, the adopted bonding agent has certain acid resistance.
A vitrified bond grinding wheel made of the granular filler according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
100 parts of an abrasive;
3.5 parts of a wetting agent;
12 parts of ceramic bond;
5 parts of granular filler.
A superhard grinding wheel made of the granular filler according to claim 1, characterized in that the raw materials and the mixture ratio thereof are as follows:
100 parts of an abrasive material;
3 parts of alcohol;
2 parts of dextrin;
18 parts of ceramic bond;
5 parts of granular filler;
the abrasive includes 20 parts of 120# cubic boron carbide abrasive and 80 parts of 120# corundum abrasive.
The granular filler of the invention is commonly used for ceramic grinding tools, resin grinding tools and super-hard grinding tools, and when the grinding wheel is manufactured, the grinding material can be any one of the grinding materials known in the prior art, such as: corundum abrasives, silicon carbide abrasives, cubic silicon carbide abrasives, diamond abrasives, and the like.
The wetting agent may be any one of those known to be suitable for use in abrasive tools, such as: phenolic resin liquid, epoxy resin liquid, water glass, cellulose solution and the like.
The ceramic bond can be any one of the ceramic bonds which are known in the prior art and are suitable for grinding tools, and the high-temperature bond: for example: kaolin, feldspar, clay, boron glass mixtures, and the like.
The invention has the following advantages:
1) The ceramic grinding tool, the resin grinding tool and the superhard grinding tool are universal, and a plurality of pore-forming agents are not required to be purchased;
2) The difference between the filler density and the abrasive is not large, the filler is easy to distribute, and the situation of pore-forming agent agglomeration is not easy to occur;
3) The grinding tool does not generate pollution gas in the firing process, and meets the requirement of environmental protection;
4) The material hardness is low, and the material falls off under the dual actions of scouring and extruding of the grinding fluid to form air holes, so that heat dissipation and chip removal are facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an enlarged view of a grinding wheel according to example 1 of the present invention after firing;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the grinding wheel of comparative example 1 of the present invention after firing;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the grinding wheel of example 2 of the present invention before firing;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the wheel of example 2 of the present invention after firing;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the grinding wheel of comparative example 2 of the present invention before firing;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the grinding wheel of comparative example 2 of the present invention after firing.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The granular filler of this example was produced as follows:
1) Preparing materials: 100 parts of industrial alumina powder;
2) Mixing materials: mixing the materials, stirring for 40min in a large mixing pot under the condition of vacuumizing, standing for 10-15 min after stirring is finished, extruding the materials into a gel state by a pressure device, placing the gel state in a tray, and drying;
3) And (3) drying: continuously drying for 24 hours at about 120 ℃ in a drying furnace for later use;
4) Crushing: crushing into granules by a crusher for later use;
5) Re-melting: 100 parts of crushed materials;
60 parts of industrial dextrin water;
6) Mixing materials again: soaking the crushed materials in dextrin water, continuously stirring in a double-screw stirring device until the crushed materials are in a paste shape, stopping stirring, and taking out for later use;
7) Extruding: placing the mixed paste into an industrial strip extruding machine, and extruding a strip with the diameter of 0.5-0.7 mm by pressure for later use;
8) And (3) drying: placing the extruded long strip on a tray, and putting the tray into a drying furnace at 80 ℃ for drying for 24 hours;
9) And (3) crushing again: crushing the strips into granules by a crusher;
10 Sieving: granular granules with a size of 46# were obtained.
The prepared granular particles are used for manufacturing a resin grinding wheel, and the resin grinding wheel comprises the following components in parts by weight:
100 parts of abrasive (60 # brown corundum abrasive), 4 parts of wetting agent (phenolic resin liquid), 11 parts of phenolic resin and 8 parts of granular filler.
The manufacturing steps are as follows: mixing the abrasive with the wetting agent for 7min, adding phenolic resin, mixing for 3min, and stirring. Adding the granular filler into the molding material, stirring for 1-2 min, sieving, molding, and firing at 180 ℃.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is a resin grinding wheel made of alumina hollow spheres, and the components and the mixture ratio thereof are as follows:
100 parts of abrasive (60 # brown fused alumina abrasive), 4 parts of wetting agent (phenolic resin liquid), 11 parts of phenolic resin and 5 parts of 46# alumina hollow sphere filler.
The manufacturing steps are as follows: mixing the abrasive with the wetting agent for 7min, adding phenolic resin, mixing for 3min, and stirring. Adding the alumina hollow ball filler into the molding material, stirring for 1-2 min, sieving, molding, and firing at 180 ℃.
Compared with the comparative example 1, the filler with the same mass in the example 1 has the advantages that the number of the alumina hollow spheres in the comparative example is obviously more than that of the granular filler, and the alumina hollow spheres are easy to agglomerate and unevenly distribute in the stirring and scraping process. The granular filler of example 1 has a large mass, does not float upward, and is not easily agglomerated.
The graph after firing was taken at 100 times magnification by using an SQ-200X integrated video microscope, and the granular filler of example 1 and the alumina hollow sphere of comparative example 1 after firing were as shown in fig. 1 and 2, respectively, and both fillers were present and did not disappear.
Example 2
The preparation steps of the granular filler in this embodiment are as follows:
1) Preparing materials: 100 parts of industrial alumina powder;
2) Mixing materials: mixing the materials, stirring for 50min in a large mixing pot under the condition of vacuumizing, standing for 10-15 min after stirring is finished, extruding the materials into a gel state by a pressure device, placing the gel state in a tray, and drying;
3) And (3) drying: continuously drying for 24 hours at about 120 ℃ in a drying furnace for later use;
4) Crushing: crushing into granules by a crusher for later use;
5) Re-melting: 100 parts of crushed materials;
70 parts of industrial dextrin water;
6) Mixing materials again: soaking the crushed materials in dextrin water, continuously stirring in a double-screw stirring device until the crushed materials are in a paste shape, stopping stirring, and taking out for later use;
7) Extruding: placing the mixed paste into an industrial strip extruding machine, and extruding a strip with the diameter of 0.5-0.7 mm by pressure for later use;
8) And (3) drying: placing the extruded long strip on a tray, and putting the tray into a drying furnace at 80 ℃ for drying for 24 hours;
9) And (3) crushing again: crushing the strips into granules by a crusher;
10 Sieving: granular granules with a size of 46# were obtained.
The granular particles prepared by the method are used for manufacturing a ceramic bond grinding wheel, and the components and the mixture ratio thereof are as follows:
100 parts of grinding materials (60 # brown corundum), 3.5 parts of wetting agents (water glass), 12 parts of ceramic bonding agents and 5 parts of novel granular fillers.
The manufacturing steps are as follows: mixing the abrasive with the wetting agent for 8min, mixing the ceramic bond for 5min, and uniformly stirring the molding material. Adding the novel granular filler into the molding material, stirring for 1-2 min, sieving, molding, and firing at 1300 ℃.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example 2 is a ceramic bond grinding wheel prepared by walnut shells, and the components and the proportion thereof are as follows:
100 parts of abrasive (60 # brown fused alumina), 3.5 parts of wetting agent (water glass), 12 parts of ceramic bond and 5 parts of walnut shell.
The manufacturing steps are as follows: mixing the abrasive with the wetting agent for 8min, mixing the ceramic bond for 5min, and uniformly stirring the molding material. Adding the walnut shells 5 into the molding material, stirring for 1-2 min, sieving, molding, and firing at 1300 ℃.
Compared with the comparative example 2, the filler with equal mass in the example 2 has the advantages that the number of the walnut shells in the comparative example 2 is obviously more than that of the granular filler in the example 2, the walnut shells are light in mass and easy to float and agglomerate; the granular filler of example 2 has a large mass, does not float upward, and is not easy to agglomerate.
The graph after firing was taken at 100 times magnification by using an SQ-200X integrated video microscope, and after firing at high temperature, the particulate filler of example 2 did not disappear as shown in fig. 3, the walnut shell of comparative example 2 disappeared as shown in fig. 4, and the inside of the grinding wheel became pores.
Example 3
The granular filler of this example was produced as follows:
1) Preparing materials: 100 parts of industrial alumina powder;
2) Mixing materials: mixing the materials, stirring for 70min in a large mixing pot under the condition of vacuumizing, standing for 10-15 min after stirring is finished, extruding the materials into a gel state by a pressure device, placing the gel state in a tray, and drying;
3) And (3) drying: continuously drying for 24 hours at about 120 ℃ in a drying furnace for later use;
4) Crushing: crushing into granules by a crusher for later use;
5) Re-melting: 100 parts of crushed materials;
80 parts of industrial dextrin water;
6) Mixing materials again: soaking the crushed materials in dextrin water, continuously stirring in a double-screw stirring device until the crushed materials are in a paste shape, stopping stirring, and taking out for later use;
7) Extruding: placing the mixed paste into an industrial strip extruding machine, and extruding a strip with the diameter of 0.5-0.7 mm by pressure for later use;
8) And (3) drying: placing the extruded long strip on a tray, and putting the tray into a drying furnace at 80 ℃ for drying for 24 hours;
9) And (3) crushing again: crushing the strip into granules by a crusher;
10 Sieving: a granular particle having a particle size of 150# was obtained.
The prepared granular particles are used for manufacturing the superhard grinding wheel, and the components and the proportion thereof are as follows:
100 parts of grinding materials (20 parts of 120# cubic boron carbide grinding materials and 80 parts of 120# corundum grinding materials), 3 parts of alcohol, 2 parts of dextrin, 18 parts of ceramic bond and 5 parts of 150# granular filler.
The manufacturing steps
The grinding material, dextrin, alcohol and ceramic bond are mixed in proportion and then placed in a mixer for mixing for 2 hours, and the granular filler is poured and then continuously mixed for 1 hour. Placing the mixed materials into a 60 deg.C oven for 1 hr, taking out, sieving, molding, and firing at 920 deg.C
Comparative example 3
100 parts of abrasive (20 parts of 120# cubic boron carbide abrasive and 80 parts of 120# corundum abrasive), 3 parts of alcohol, 2 parts of dextrin, 18 parts of ceramic bond and 5 parts of carbon powder.
The manufacturing steps
The grinding material, dextrin, alcohol and ceramic bond are mixed in proportion and then placed in a mixer for mixing for 2 hours, and carbon powder is poured into the mixer and then continuously mixed for 1 hour. Putting the mixed materials into a 60 ℃ oven for 1h, taking out, sieving, molding, and firing at 920 DEG C
Compared with the comparative example 3, in the filler with equal mass, the quantity of the carbon powder in the comparative example 3 is obviously more than that of the granular filler in the example 3, and the carbon powder has lighter mass and is easy to float upwards and agglomerate; the granular filler of example 3 has a large mass, does not float upward, and is not easily agglomerated.
The graph after firing was taken at 100 times magnification by using an SQ-200X integrated video microscope, and after firing at a high temperature, the granular filler of example 3 did not disappear as shown in FIG. 5, the carbon powder of comparative example 3 disappeared as shown in FIG. 6, and the inside of the grinding wheel became pores.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of granular filler for a grinding wheel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Preparing materials: 100 parts of industrial alumina powder;
2) Mixing materials: mixing the materials with various kinds of acid products, stirring for 40-60 min in a large mixing pot under the condition of vacuumizing, standing for 10-15 min after stirring is finished, extruding the mixture into a gel state by a pressure device, placing the gel in a tray, and drying;
3) And (3) drying: continuously drying for 24 hours in a drying furnace at 120 ℃ for later use;
4) Crushing: crushing into granules by a crusher for later use;
5) Re-melting: 100 parts of crushed materials;
60-80 parts of industrial dextrin water;
6) Mixing materials: soaking the crushed materials in dextrin water, continuously stirring in a double-screw stirring device until the crushed materials are in a paste shape, stopping stirring, and taking out for later use;
7) Extruding: placing the mixed paste into an industrial strip extruding machine, and extruding a strip with the diameter of 0.5-0.7 mm by pressure for later use;
8) And (3) drying: placing the extruded long strip on a tray, and putting the tray into a drying furnace at 80 ℃ for drying for 24 hours;
9) And (3) crushing again: crushing the strips into granules by a crusher;
10 ) are sieved to obtain a granular filler.
2. A resin grinding wheel made of the granular filler according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
100 parts of an abrasive;
4 parts of a wetting agent;
11 parts of phenolic resin;
8 parts of granular filler.
3. A vitrified bond grinding wheel made of the granular filler according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
100 parts of an abrasive;
3.5 parts of a wetting agent;
12 parts of ceramic bond;
5 parts of granular filler.
4. A superhard grinding wheel made of the granular filler according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
100 parts of an abrasive material;
3 parts of alcohol;
2 parts of dextrin;
18 parts of ceramic bond;
5 parts of granular filler;
the abrasive includes 20 parts of 120# cubic boron carbide abrasive and 80 parts of 120# corundum abrasive.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211355030.5A CN115816317A (en) | 2022-11-01 | 2022-11-01 | Preparation method and application of granular filler for grinding wheel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211355030.5A CN115816317A (en) | 2022-11-01 | 2022-11-01 | Preparation method and application of granular filler for grinding wheel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN115816317A true CN115816317A (en) | 2023-03-21 |
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| CN202211355030.5A Pending CN115816317A (en) | 2022-11-01 | 2022-11-01 | Preparation method and application of granular filler for grinding wheel |
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