WO2017063580A1 - Ceramsite sand for casting - Google Patents
Ceramsite sand for casting Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017063580A1 WO2017063580A1 PCT/CN2016/102107 CN2016102107W WO2017063580A1 WO 2017063580 A1 WO2017063580 A1 WO 2017063580A1 CN 2016102107 W CN2016102107 W CN 2016102107W WO 2017063580 A1 WO2017063580 A1 WO 2017063580A1
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- ceramsite sand
- sand
- casting
- ceramsite
- oxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of casting materials, in particular to a cast ceramsite sand.
- Ceramsite sand also known as orb sand, is a high-grade alternative to quartz sand. Ceramsite sand has been widely concerned because it can overcome the shortcomings of large expansion coefficient of quartz sand, low precision of castings, serious surface sanding and difficulty in clearing sand, and greatly improve the quality of castings.
- the ceramsite sand for casting is mainly made of high-alumina ore.
- CN 1899722A discloses a novel artificial foundry sand and a preparation method thereof, wherein the artificial foundry sand is made of bauxite ore with a content of 45-90% of aluminum oxide as a raw material, and after being electrofused into a liquid state, after 70-85 m/s. The air pressure is used to crush and cool the liquid raw material by strong wind, and then a spherical or spheroidal shaped sand is obtained, which is sieved to obtain an artificial ceramsite sand.
- CN104030708A discloses a sand for precision casting and a preparation method thereof, wherein the sand for precision casting is mixed with bauxite 79-95%, clay 3-20%, manganese ore 0.5-5%, and hematite 0.2-1%. , obtained by granulation, drying and sintering.
- CN103212665A discloses an artificial ceramsite sand comprising 70%-85% by mass of Al 2 O 3 , 8%-12% silicon, 2% Fe 2 O 3 , and the balance being impurities.
- the existing ceramsite sand can overcome the shortcomings of quartz sand and improve the quality of castings, it generally uses bauxite with higher content of alumina as the main raw material, and the production process mostly uses electrofusion or high temperature kiln. In the way of furnace sintering, there is a problem that the high-quality high-aluminum ore resource consumption is large and the energy consumption is high.
- Viscous sand is a kind of casting surface defect, which is an adhesive layer of metal and sand formed on the surface of the casting.
- the technical object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and to provide a ceramsite sand for casting which has low resource and energy consumption and does not cause sticking sand.
- the invention includes:
- a ceramsite sand for casting which is obtained by mixing, granulating, and sintering a refractory material, wherein the ceramsite sand contains 55 wt% or more based on 100 wt% of the ceramsite sand weight.
- ceramsite sand according to item 1 wherein the ceramsite sand comprises 25 to 44% by weight of aluminum oxide.
- ceramsite sand according to item 1 or 2 wherein the ceramsite sand comprises 25 wt% to 40 wt% of alumina, and 55 wt% to 75 wt% of silica.
- ceramsite sand according to any one of items 1 to 3, wherein the ceramsite sand has a bulk density of 1.0 to 1.8 g/cm 3 .
- ceramsite sand according to any one of items 1 to 4, wherein the sintering temperature is from 1100 to 1200 °C.
- ceramsite sand according to any one of items 1 to 5, wherein the ceramsite sand has a refractoriness of less than 1600 °C.
- ceramsite sand according to any one of items 1 to 6, wherein the ceramsite sand has a refractoriness of not less than 1550 °C.
- ceramsite sand according to any one of items 1 to 7, wherein the aluminum oxide is derived from an aluminum ore having a low aluminum content.
- ceramsite sand according to any one of items 1 to 8, wherein the low aluminum content aluminum ore is selected from the group consisting of kaolin and coke gems.
- a method of producing a casting wherein the mold or core is produced by using the ceramsite sand for casting according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
- a ceramsite sand for casting wherein the ceramsite sand is obtained by mixing, granulating, and sintering a refractory material, wherein the ceramsite sand contains 90% by weight or more based on 100% by weight of the ceramsite sand Silica and other materials in the balance.
- These other substances may be small amounts of impurities contained in the natural ore, or may be functional ingredients introduced to improve performance.
- the content of the other substance is usually not less than 0.5% and not more than 10%.
- the other substance may be one or more selected from the group consisting of potassium oxide, lithium oxide, magnesium oxide, and boron oxide.
- the silica may have a weight content of not less than 90% by weight. It is generally believed that the higher the content of alumina, the higher the refractoriness; and the higher the silica content, the lower the refractoriness.
- the ceramsite sand can also be obtained by using a high-purity silica sand through a ball forming process. The inventors have found that the high silica content ceramsite sand of the present invention can also maintain a high degree of refractoriness, and at the same time has a low cost. It is not easy to produce defects, veins, burrs, and small dust when used.
- the high silica content ceramsite sand may even be completely free of alumina.
- the ceramsite sand for casting provided by the invention has a content of aluminum oxide which is obviously lower than that of the ceramsite sand used in the prior art, and can adopt aluminum-free or low-aluminum ore as a raw material, which greatly reduces the production cost and is reasonable. Use mineral resources.
- the semi-finished ceramsite sand of the invention can be prepared by sintering at a lower temperature, thereby saving energy.
- the ceramsite sand provided by the invention has lower refractoriness than ordinary ceramsite sand, and is suitable for casting shapes with a casting temperature lower than 1600 °C.
- the casting ceramsite sand provided by the present invention can further reduce the thermal expansion coefficient of the ceramsite sand by introducing one or more of potassium oxide, lithium oxide and boron oxide (the thermal expansion coefficient at 1000 ° C ⁇ 5 ⁇ 10 -6 /°C) to increase the strength of ceramsite sand.
- the ceramsite sand provided by the invention has lower bulk density than ordinary ceramsite sand, and the bulk density can be between 1.0 and 1.8 g/cm 3 , and the heat capacity is small, and the local solidification is not easy to be too fast during the casting process, and can be a certain degree. Reduce casting defects.
- ceramsite sand is generally used as a main raw material of bauxite having a higher content of alumina, and when the ceramsite is used for casting temperatures below 1600 ° C, For example, when castings of around 1000 ° C are produced, this causes technical problems of high aluminum mineral resources and energy waste.
- the inventors of the present invention provide a foundry ceramsite sand using aluminum-free or low-aluminum minerals as a raw material, the foundry ceramsite sand comprising silica, and the ceramsite sand
- the weight of the silica is 100% by weight, and the weight content of the silica is not less than 55 wt%.
- the content of the aluminum oxide in the ceramsite sand is not more than 45%, and may be, for example, any integer between 30 and 44% (for example, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38) , 39, 40, 41, 42, 43%), may also be less than 30%; the content of aluminum oxide in the ceramsite sand is not less than 5%, more preferably not less than 15%, more preferably not less than 25 %.
- the strength and refractoriness of the ceramsite sand can be appropriately ensured because of the appropriate aluminum oxide content.
- the content of silica in the ceramsite sand may be not less than 90%.
- the source of the aluminum oxide may be a low-aluminum content aluminum ore, such as kaolin, pyrometall, and the source of the silica may be low aluminum ore, silicon micropowder, silica sand, or the like.
- aluminum ore such as kaolin, pyrometall
- silica silicon micropowder, silica sand, or the like.
- aluminum ore having a low aluminum content means an alumina content of ⁇ 45%.
- the ceramsite sand further includes one or more of potassium oxide, lithium oxide and boron oxide, and the weight of the potassium oxide, lithium oxide or boron oxide is 100% by weight of the ceramsite sand.
- the content is from 0.5% by weight to 10% by weight.
- the above-described ceramsite sand for casting can obtain a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion by introducing lithium oxide, potassium oxide or boron oxide.
- the raw materials for these elements include potassium feldspar, alumite, nepheline, potassium-bearing sand shale, spodumene, lithium feldspar and lithium mica, borate ore and boric acid. These elements can also be introduced by other industrial synthetics, although it is not preferred from a cost perspective.
- the ceramsite sand comprises, by weight percent, 25 wt% to 40 wt% of alumina, 55 wt% to 75 wt% of silica, and 0.5 wt% to 10 wt%.
- One or more of potassium oxide, lithium oxide and boron oxide are mentioned in the present invention, it is easy to understand that it is permissible to contain a small amount of other metal elements in the ceramsite sand, but in general, these other metal elements should not exceed 10%, preferably their oxides. The amount does not exceed 10%.
- These metal elements can be introduced in the form of oxides, silicates, borates, for example in the form of natural minerals.
- the ceramsite sand for casting provided by the invention has a content of aluminum oxide which is obviously lower than that of the ceramsite sand used in the prior art, and can use aluminum-free or low-aluminum mineral as a raw material, which greatly reduces the production cost and is reasonable. Use mineral resources.
- the semi-finished ceramsite sand of the present invention can be prepared by sintering at a lower temperature, thereby saving energy.
- the lower temperature may be, for example, 1100 to 1200 °C.
- the method of preparing the ceramsite sand of the present invention generally includes the steps of batching, ball milling, granulating, sintering, and the like.
- the ingredients are crushed into pellets by various types of mine crushers.
- the particle size is preferably below 8mm, and then milled with a ball mill. After grinding, the slurry is sprayed and atomized by compressed air to form spherical particles. After drying and sintering.
- the preparation method of the ceramsite sand used in the following examples one or several of a block of low aluminum ore, potassium feldspar, spodumene, borax, a total of 200 kg, PVA 0.9 kg, water 60 kg added to the ball mill tank, Adding a grinding ball, ball milling for 5 hours, preparing a slurry, discharging and placing in a container;
- the slurry is sprayed in a container, and is sprayed and atomized by compressed air having a pressure of 0.8 MPa, adjusted to a drying temperature of 200 ° C, and dried into spherical particles;
- the semi-finished product is sintered at 1200 ° C in an electric kiln to obtain finished products of various mesh numbers.
- ceramsite sand for casting prepared by the above steps and the purchased sample were tested for their components by chemical titration. After examination, the ceramsite sand for casting prepared in the examples was classified as follows according to the weight percentage.
- Sanding effect test Add 1% furan resin to 5000g of various samples, mix well, and make sand type with cavity of 200*100*400mm, pour metal liquid of various temperatures into sand cavity, etc. After the liquid is cooled, a metal sample is formed, and after the sand type is broken, the surface sanding condition of the metal sample is observed.
Abstract
A ceramsite sand for casting and a manufacturing method therefor. The ceramsite sand is obtained by mixing, granulating and sintering a refractory material. Taking the weight of the ceramsite sand as 100 wt%, the ceramsite sand includes more than 55 wt% of silicon dioxide, 25~45 wt% of aluminium oxide, and remaining other substances, the remaining other substances being 0.5 wt% ~ 10 wt% of one or more of potassium oxide, lithium oxide, magnesium oxide and boron oxide. The ceramsite sand for casting has low resource and energy consumption, and does not cause sand adhesion.
Description
本申请要求中国专利申请201510665886.6(发明名称为一种铸造用陶粒砂，申请日为2015年10月15日)的优先权，其全部内容在此通过援引并入本说明书。The present application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 201510665886.6 (the title of which is a ceramsite for casting, filed on October 15, 2015), the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
本发明涉及铸造材料领域，具体涉及一种铸造陶粒砂。The invention relates to the field of casting materials, in particular to a cast ceramsite sand.
陶粒砂又名宝珠砂，是石英砂的高级替代品。陶粒砂因其能够克服石英砂膨胀系数大、铸件精度低、表面粘砂严重和清砂困难的缺点，大大提高铸件的质量而受到了广泛关注。Ceramsite sand, also known as orb sand, is a high-grade alternative to quartz sand. Ceramsite sand has been widely concerned because it can overcome the shortcomings of large expansion coefficient of quartz sand, low precision of castings, serious surface sanding and difficulty in clearing sand, and greatly improve the quality of castings.
目前铸造用陶粒砂主要是用高铝矿石为原料，主要有两种制备方法，一种是通过将原料高温熔融，经喷吹雾化形成颗粒，筛分后得到各种粒度的陶粒砂；另外一种是通过机械造粒，烧结、筛分，得到陶粒砂。At present, the ceramsite sand for casting is mainly made of high-alumina ore. There are mainly two preparation methods. One is to melt the raw materials at a high temperature, to form particles by spray atomization, and to obtain various sizes of ceramsite sand after sieving. The other is obtained by mechanical granulation, sintering, and sieving to obtain ceramsite sand.
CN 1899722A公开了一种新型人造铸造砂及其制备方法，其中人造铸造砂是以三氧化二铝含量45～90％的铝矾土矿石为原料，电熔成液态后，经过70～85m/s的空气压，利用强风将液体原料破碎冷却后，得到形状为球形或类球形的砂粒，经筛分后得到人造陶粒砂。CN 1899722A discloses a novel artificial foundry sand and a preparation method thereof, wherein the artificial foundry sand is made of bauxite ore with a content of 45-90% of aluminum oxide as a raw material, and after being electrofused into a liquid state, after 70-85 m/s. The air pressure is used to crush and cool the liquid raw material by strong wind, and then a spherical or spheroidal shaped sand is obtained, which is sieved to obtain an artificial ceramsite sand.
CN104030708A公开了一种精密铸造用砂及其制备方法，其中精密铸造用砂以铝土矿79～95％、粘土3～20％、锰矿石0.5～5％、赤铁矿0.2～1％混合后，经造粒、干燥、烧结制得。CN104030708A discloses a sand for precision casting and a preparation method thereof, wherein the sand for precision casting is mixed with bauxite 79-95%, clay 3-20%, manganese ore 0.5-5%, and hematite 0.2-1%. , obtained by granulation, drying and sintering.
CN103212665A公开了一种人造陶粒砂，包含质量百分比为70％-85％的Al2O3，8％-12％的硅，2％的Fe2O3，余量为杂质。CN103212665A discloses an artificial ceramsite sand comprising 70%-85% by mass of Al 2 O 3 , 8%-12% silicon, 2% Fe 2 O 3 , and the balance being impurities.
现有的这些陶粒砂虽然能够克服石英砂所存在的缺点，提高铸件的质量，然而其普遍采用三氧化二铝含量较高的铝土矿为主要原材料，生产工艺大多采用电熔或者高温窑炉烧结的方式，存在优质高铝矿资源消耗较大、能耗较高的问题。Although the existing ceramsite sand can overcome the shortcomings of quartz sand and improve the quality of castings, it generally uses bauxite with higher content of alumina as the main raw material, and the production process mostly uses electrofusion or high temperature kiln. In the way of furnace sintering, there is a problem that the high-quality high-aluminum ore resource consumption is large and the energy consumption is high.
此外，通常认为，如果降低陶粒砂中的三氧化二铝的量，则会导致粘砂。粘砂为铸造表面缺陷的一种，是在铸件表面形成的金属和砂粒机械混合的粘附层。In addition, it is generally believed that if the amount of aluminum oxide in the ceramsite sand is lowered, it will result in sticking sand. Viscous sand is a kind of casting surface defect, which is an adhesive layer of metal and sand formed on the surface of the casting.
发明内容
Summary of the invention
本发明的技术目的就在于解决上述现有技术的缺陷，提供一种资源和能源消耗较小、且不会导致粘砂的铸造用陶粒砂。The technical object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and to provide a ceramsite sand for casting which has low resource and energy consumption and does not cause sticking sand.
本发明包括：The invention includes:
1.一种铸造用陶粒砂，所述陶粒砂采用耐火材料经过混合、造粒、烧结得到，其中，以所述陶粒砂重量为100wt％计，所述陶粒砂包含55wt％以上的二氧化硅、25～45wt％的三氧化二铝以及余量的其他物质，所述余量的其他物质为0.5wt％～10wt％的选自氧化钾、氧化锂、氧化镁和氧化硼中的一种或多种。A ceramsite sand for casting, which is obtained by mixing, granulating, and sintering a refractory material, wherein the ceramsite sand contains 55 wt% or more based on 100 wt% of the ceramsite sand weight. Silica, 25 to 45 wt% of aluminum oxide, and the balance of other substances, the balance of other substances being 0.5 wt% to 10 wt% selected from the group consisting of potassium oxide, lithium oxide, magnesium oxide and boron oxide One or more.
2.根据项1所述的陶粒砂，其中，所述陶粒砂包含25～44wt％的三氧化二铝。2. The ceramsite sand according to item 1, wherein the ceramsite sand comprises 25 to 44% by weight of aluminum oxide.
3.根据项1或2所述的陶粒砂，其中，所述陶粒砂包含25wt％～40wt％的三氧化二铝、以及55wt％～75wt％的二氧化硅。3. The ceramsite sand according to item 1 or 2, wherein the ceramsite sand comprises 25 wt% to 40 wt% of alumina, and 55 wt% to 75 wt% of silica.
4.根据项1～3中任一项所述的陶粒砂，其中，所述陶粒砂的堆积密度为1.0～1.8g/cm3。4. The ceramsite sand according to any one of items 1 to 3, wherein the ceramsite sand has a bulk density of 1.0 to 1.8 g/cm 3 .
5.根据项1～4中任一项所述的陶粒砂，其中，所述烧结的温度为1100～1200℃。5. The ceramsite sand according to any one of items 1 to 4, wherein the sintering temperature is from 1100 to 1200 °C.
6.根据项1～5中任一项所述的陶粒砂，其中，所述陶粒砂的耐火度小于1600℃。The ceramsite sand according to any one of items 1 to 5, wherein the ceramsite sand has a refractoriness of less than 1600 °C.
7.根据项1～6中任一项所述的陶粒砂，其中，所述陶粒砂的耐火度不低于1550℃。The ceramsite sand according to any one of items 1 to 6, wherein the ceramsite sand has a refractoriness of not less than 1550 °C.
8.根据项1～7中任一项所述的陶粒砂，其中，所述三氧化二铝来源于低铝含量的铝矿石。The ceramsite sand according to any one of items 1 to 7, wherein the aluminum oxide is derived from an aluminum ore having a low aluminum content.
9.根据项1～8中任一项所述的陶粒砂，其中，所述低铝含量的铝矿石选自高岭土和焦宝石。The ceramsite sand according to any one of items 1 to 8, wherein the low aluminum content aluminum ore is selected from the group consisting of kaolin and coke gems.
10.一种制造铸件的方法，其中，使用权利要求1～9中任一项所述的铸造用陶粒砂制造铸型或型芯。A method of producing a casting, wherein the mold or core is produced by using the ceramsite sand for casting according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
11.根据项10所述的方法，其中，所述铸件的浇注温度低于1600℃。11. The method of clause 10, wherein the casting has a casting temperature below 1600 °C.
12.一种铸造用陶粒砂，所述陶粒砂采用耐火材料经过混合、造粒、烧结得到，其中，以所述陶粒砂重量为100wt％计，所述陶粒砂包含90wt％以上的二氧化硅以及余量的其他物质。12. A ceramsite sand for casting, wherein the ceramsite sand is obtained by mixing, granulating, and sintering a refractory material, wherein the ceramsite sand contains 90% by weight or more based on 100% by weight of the ceramsite sand Silica and other materials in the balance.
这些其他物质可以是天然矿石中含有的少量杂质，也可以是为了提高性能而引入的功能性成分。所述其他物质的含量通常不低于0.5％，不高于10％。所述其他物质可以为选自氧化钾、氧化锂、氧化镁和氧化硼中的一种或多种。These other substances may be small amounts of impurities contained in the natural ore, or may be functional ingredients introduced to improve performance. The content of the other substance is usually not less than 0.5% and not more than 10%. The other substance may be one or more selected from the group consisting of potassium oxide, lithium oxide, magnesium oxide, and boron oxide.
所述二氧化硅的重量含量可以不低于90wt％。通常认为，三氧化二铝含量越高，耐火度越高；而二氧化硅含量越高，耐火度越低。但是，利用高纯度的硅砂经过成球工艺后也可以制得陶粒砂，本发明人发现本发明的高二氧化硅含量的陶粒砂也可以保持较高的耐火度，且其同时具有低成本，使用时不容易产生缺陷、脉纹、毛刺，粉尘小等优点。优选地，该高二氧化硅含量的陶粒砂中甚至可以完全不含氧化铝。
The silica may have a weight content of not less than 90% by weight. It is generally believed that the higher the content of alumina, the higher the refractoriness; and the higher the silica content, the lower the refractoriness. However, the ceramsite sand can also be obtained by using a high-purity silica sand through a ball forming process. The inventors have found that the high silica content ceramsite sand of the present invention can also maintain a high degree of refractoriness, and at the same time has a low cost. It is not easy to produce defects, veins, burrs, and small dust when used. Preferably, the high silica content ceramsite sand may even be completely free of alumina.
本发明所提供的铸造用陶粒砂，其三氧化二铝的含量明显低于现有技术中所采用的陶粒砂，其可以采用无铝或低铝矿作为原材料，大大降低生产成本，合理利用矿产资源。其次，通过选用无铝或低铝矿产作为原材料，使得本发明铸造用陶粒砂半成品烧结时采用较低温度即可制备，进而能够节约能源。而且，令人惊奇的是，采用发明的陶粒砂，虽然其三氧化二铝的含量低，但却不会出现粘砂现象。The ceramsite sand for casting provided by the invention has a content of aluminum oxide which is obviously lower than that of the ceramsite sand used in the prior art, and can adopt aluminum-free or low-aluminum ore as a raw material, which greatly reduces the production cost and is reasonable. Use mineral resources. Secondly, by using aluminum-free or low-aluminum mineral as raw material, the semi-finished ceramsite sand of the invention can be prepared by sintering at a lower temperature, thereby saving energy. Moreover, it is surprising that the ceramsite sand of the invention, although having a low content of aluminum oxide, does not exhibit sticking.
本发明提供的陶粒砂耐火度较普通陶粒砂要低，适用于浇注温度低于1600℃的铸件造型。另外，本发明所提供的这种铸造用陶粒砂通过引入氧化钾、氧化锂、氧化硼中的一种或几种，还能够进一步降低陶粒砂的热膨胀系数(1000℃时的热膨胀系数≤5×10-6/℃)，提高陶粒砂的强度。The ceramsite sand provided by the invention has lower refractoriness than ordinary ceramsite sand, and is suitable for casting shapes with a casting temperature lower than 1600 °C. In addition, the casting ceramsite sand provided by the present invention can further reduce the thermal expansion coefficient of the ceramsite sand by introducing one or more of potassium oxide, lithium oxide and boron oxide (the thermal expansion coefficient at 1000 ° C ≤ 5×10 -6 /°C) to increase the strength of ceramsite sand.
本发明提供的陶粒砂的堆积密度比普通陶粒砂低，堆积密度可以在1.0～1.8g/cm3之间，热容量小，在浇注过程中不容易使局部凝固过快，可在一定程度上减少铸件缺陷。The ceramsite sand provided by the invention has lower bulk density than ordinary ceramsite sand, and the bulk density can be between 1.0 and 1.8 g/cm 3 , and the heat capacity is small, and the local solidification is not easy to be too fast during the casting process, and can be a certain degree. Reduce casting defects.
以下对本发明的实施例进行详细说明，但是本发明可以由权利要求限定和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but the present invention may be embodied in many different ways as defined and covered by the appended claims.
正如本发明背景技术部分所指出的，在现有技术中陶粒砂普遍采用三氧化二铝含量较高的铝土矿为主要原材料，当这种陶粒砂用于浇注温度低于1600℃、例如1000℃左右的铸件生产时，这就造成了高铝矿产资源和能源浪费的技术问题。As indicated in the background of the present invention, in the prior art, ceramsite sand is generally used as a main raw material of bauxite having a higher content of alumina, and when the ceramsite is used for casting temperatures below 1600 ° C, For example, when castings of around 1000 ° C are produced, this causes technical problems of high aluminum mineral resources and energy waste.
为了解决这一技术问题，本发明的发明人提供了一种以无铝或低铝矿产作为原材料的铸造用陶粒砂，该铸造用陶粒砂包括二氧化硅，且以所述陶粒砂的重量为100％计，所述二氧化硅的重量含量不低于55wt％。本发明中，陶粒砂中三氧化二铝的含量不高于45％，例如可以为30～44％之间的任一整数(例如31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43％)，也可以低于30％；陶粒砂中三氧化二铝的含量不低于5％，更优选不低于15％，更优选不低于25％。因为适当的三氧化二铝含量可以适当确保陶粒砂的强度和耐火度。在本发明的另一方面中，陶粒砂中二氧化硅的含量可以不低于90％。In order to solve this technical problem, the inventors of the present invention provide a foundry ceramsite sand using aluminum-free or low-aluminum minerals as a raw material, the foundry ceramsite sand comprising silica, and the ceramsite sand The weight of the silica is 100% by weight, and the weight content of the silica is not less than 55 wt%. In the present invention, the content of the aluminum oxide in the ceramsite sand is not more than 45%, and may be, for example, any integer between 30 and 44% (for example, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38) , 39, 40, 41, 42, 43%), may also be less than 30%; the content of aluminum oxide in the ceramsite sand is not less than 5%, more preferably not less than 15%, more preferably not less than 25 %. The strength and refractoriness of the ceramsite sand can be appropriately ensured because of the appropriate aluminum oxide content. In another aspect of the invention, the content of silica in the ceramsite sand may be not less than 90%.
本发明中，三氧化二铝的来源可以是低铝含量的铝矿石，例如高岭土、焦宝石，二氧化硅的来源可以是低铝矿石、硅微粉、硅砂等。在本说明书中，“低铝含量的铝矿石”是指氧化铝含量≤45％。In the present invention, the source of the aluminum oxide may be a low-aluminum content aluminum ore, such as kaolin, pyrometall, and the source of the silica may be low aluminum ore, silicon micropowder, silica sand, or the like. In the present specification, "aluminum ore having a low aluminum content" means an alumina content of ≤ 45%.
在上述陶粒砂中还包括氧化钾、氧化锂和氧化硼中的一种或多种，且以所述陶粒砂的重量为100％计，所述氧化钾、氧化锂或者氧化硼的重量含量为0.5wt％～10wt％。在本发明中上述铸造用陶粒砂通过引入氧化锂、氧化钾或氧化硼，能够获得更小的热膨胀系数。可以提供
这些元素的原料包括钾长石、明矾石、霞石、含钾砂页岩、锂辉石、透锂长石和锂云母、硼酸盐矿和硼酸。这些元素还可以通过其他工业合成品引入，当然从成本角度，它不是优选的。The ceramsite sand further includes one or more of potassium oxide, lithium oxide and boron oxide, and the weight of the potassium oxide, lithium oxide or boron oxide is 100% by weight of the ceramsite sand. The content is from 0.5% by weight to 10% by weight. In the present invention, the above-described ceramsite sand for casting can obtain a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion by introducing lithium oxide, potassium oxide or boron oxide. can provide
The raw materials for these elements include potassium feldspar, alumite, nepheline, potassium-bearing sand shale, spodumene, lithium feldspar and lithium mica, borate ore and boric acid. These elements can also be introduced by other industrial synthetics, although it is not preferred from a cost perspective.
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中，上述陶粒砂按照重量百分含量计包括：25wt％～40wt％的三氧化二铝，55wt％～75wt％的二氧化硅，0.5wt％～10wt％的氧化钾、氧化锂和氧化硼中的一种或者多种。虽然本发明中仅仅提及了上述成分，但是容易理解，陶粒砂中含有少量其他的金属元素也是允许，但是在通常情况下，这些其他金属元素不宜超过10％的量，优选其氧化物的量不超过10％。这些金属元素可以以氧化物、硅酸盐、硼酸盐形式引入，例如以天然矿物中的形式引入。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ceramsite sand comprises, by weight percent, 25 wt% to 40 wt% of alumina, 55 wt% to 75 wt% of silica, and 0.5 wt% to 10 wt%. One or more of potassium oxide, lithium oxide and boron oxide. Although only the above components are mentioned in the present invention, it is easy to understand that it is permissible to contain a small amount of other metal elements in the ceramsite sand, but in general, these other metal elements should not exceed 10%, preferably their oxides. The amount does not exceed 10%. These metal elements can be introduced in the form of oxides, silicates, borates, for example in the form of natural minerals.
本发明所提供的铸造用陶粒砂，其三氧化二铝的含量明显低于现有技术中所采用的陶粒砂，其可以采用无铝或低铝矿产作为原材料，大大降低生产成本，合理利用矿产资源。而且，通过选用无铝或低铝矿产作为原材料，使得本发明铸造用陶粒砂半成品烧结时采用较低温度即可制备，进而能够节约能源。所述较低温度例如可以是1100～1200℃。The ceramsite sand for casting provided by the invention has a content of aluminum oxide which is obviously lower than that of the ceramsite sand used in the prior art, and can use aluminum-free or low-aluminum mineral as a raw material, which greatly reduces the production cost and is reasonable. Use mineral resources. Moreover, by using aluminum-free or low-aluminum mineral as a raw material, the semi-finished ceramsite sand of the present invention can be prepared by sintering at a lower temperature, thereby saving energy. The lower temperature may be, for example, 1100 to 1200 °C.
制备本发明的陶粒砂的方法通常包括配料、球磨、造粒、烧结等步骤。配料是将各类矿山用破碎机破碎成颗粒，粒径优选在8mm以下，然后用球磨机粉磨，粉磨后用喷吹设备对浆料进行压缩空气喷吹雾化，制成球状颗粒，最后经过干燥、烧结。The method of preparing the ceramsite sand of the present invention generally includes the steps of batching, ball milling, granulating, sintering, and the like. The ingredients are crushed into pellets by various types of mine crushers. The particle size is preferably below 8mm, and then milled with a ball mill. After grinding, the slurry is sprayed and atomized by compressed air to form spherical particles. After drying and sintering.
实施例Example
以下将结合具体实施例来进一步说明本发明的技术方案，但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.
以下实施例所用陶粒砂制备方法：用块状低铝矿石、钾长石、锂辉石、硼砂中的一种或者几种，共200公斤，PVA0.9公斤、水60kg加入球磨罐中，加入研磨球，球磨5小时，制得浆料，出料并置于容器内；The preparation method of the ceramsite sand used in the following examples: one or several of a block of low aluminum ore, potassium feldspar, spodumene, borax, a total of 200 kg, PVA 0.9 kg, water 60 kg added to the ball mill tank, Adding a grinding ball, ball milling for 5 hours, preparing a slurry, discharging and placing in a container;
b)浆料在容器内，经管道流出后由压力为0.8MPa的压缩空气喷吹雾化，调整烘干温度200℃，干燥成球状颗粒；b) the slurry is sprayed in a container, and is sprayed and atomized by compressed air having a pressure of 0.8 MPa, adjusted to a drying temperature of 200 ° C, and dried into spherical particles;
c)用10～150目标准筛筛分，得到各种目数的半成品；c) sieving with a standard sieve of 10 to 150 mesh to obtain semi-finished products of various mesh numbers;
d)半成品在电窑1200℃烧结，得到各种目数的成品。d) The semi-finished product is sintered at 1200 ° C in an electric kiln to obtain finished products of various mesh numbers.
以下三种对比例试样均为市场购买得到。The following three comparative samples were purchased from the market.
将通过上述步骤制备的铸造用陶粒砂和购买得到的试样通过化学滴定的方法检测其成分，经检查，实施例制备的铸造用陶粒砂按照重量百分含量计成分如下表1。The ceramsite sand for casting prepared by the above steps and the purchased sample were tested for their components by chemical titration. After examination, the ceramsite sand for casting prepared in the examples was classified as follows according to the weight percentage.
表1Table 1
各种参数参考以下标准或者方法测试得到：Various parameters are tested with reference to the following standards or methods:
堆积密度：GB/T 21354-2008Bulk density: GB/T 21354-2008
1000℃热膨胀系数 GB/T 7320-20081000 °C thermal expansion coefficient GB/T 7320-2008
耐火度 GB/T 7322-2007Fire resistance GB/T 7322-2007
粘砂效果试验：用5000g各种试样加入1％呋喃树脂，混合均匀后，制成型腔为200*100*400mm的砂型，把各种温度的金属液倒入砂型型腔中，等金属液冷却后形成金属试样，破坏砂型后，观察金属试样表面粘砂情况。Sanding effect test: Add 1% furan resin to 5000g of various samples, mix well, and make sand type with cavity of 200*100*400mm, pour metal liquid of various temperatures into sand cavity, etc. After the liquid is cooled, a metal sample is formed, and after the sand type is broken, the surface sanding condition of the metal sample is observed.
测试结果示于表2。The test results are shown in Table 2.
表2Table 2
还需要说明的是，经测试，实施例四和实施例五的陶粒砂，在使用中未出现缺陷、脉纹、毛刺，且粉尘小。It should also be noted that the ceramsite sands of Example 4 and Example 5 were tested, and no defects, veins, burrs, and dust were observed during use.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes can be made to the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
- 一种铸造用陶粒砂，所述陶粒砂采用耐火材料经过混合、造粒、烧结得到，其中，以所述陶粒砂重量为100wt％计，所述陶粒砂包含55wt％以上的二氧化硅、25～45wt％的三氧化二铝以及余量的其他物质，所述余量的其他物质为0.5wt％～10wt％的选自氧化钾、氧化锂、氧化镁和氧化硼中的一种或多种。A ceramsite sand for casting, wherein the ceramsite sand is obtained by mixing, granulating and sintering a refractory material, wherein the ceramsite sand contains 55 wt% or more based on 100 wt% of the ceramsite sand weight. Silica, 25 to 45 wt% of aluminum oxide and the balance of other substances, the balance of other substances being 0.5 wt% to 10 wt% of one selected from the group consisting of potassium oxide, lithium oxide, magnesium oxide and boron oxide Kind or more.
- 根据权利要求1所述的陶粒砂，其中，所述陶粒砂包含25～44wt％的三氧化二铝。The ceramsite sand according to claim 1, wherein the ceramsite sand contains 25 to 44% by weight of aluminum oxide.
- 根据权利要求1所述的陶粒砂，其中，所述陶粒砂包含25wt％～40wt％的三氧化二铝、以及55wt％～75wt％的二氧化硅。The ceramsite sand according to claim 1, wherein the ceramsite sand comprises 25 wt% to 40 wt% of alumina, and 55 wt% to 75 wt% of silica.
- 根据权利要求1所述的陶粒砂，其中，所述陶粒砂的堆积密度为1.0～1.8g/cm3。The ceramsite sand according to claim 1, wherein the ceramsite sand has a bulk density of 1.0 to 1.8 g/cm 3 .
- 根据权利要求1所述的陶粒砂，其中，所述烧结的温度为1100～1200℃。The ceramsite sand according to claim 1, wherein the sintering temperature is from 1100 to 1200 °C.
- 根据权利要求1所述的陶粒砂，其中，所述陶粒砂的耐火度小于1600℃。The ceramsite sand according to claim 1, wherein the ceramsite sand has a degree of refractoriness of less than 1600 °C.
- 根据权利要求1所述的陶粒砂，其中，所述陶粒砂的耐火度不低于1550℃。The ceramsite sand according to claim 1, wherein the ceramsite sand has a refractoriness of not less than 1550 °C.
- 根据权利要求1所述的陶粒砂，其中，所述三氧化二铝来源于低铝含量的铝矿石。The ceramsite sand according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum oxide is derived from an aluminum ore having a low aluminum content.
- 一种制造铸件的方法，其中，使用权利要求1～8中任一项所述的铸造用陶粒砂制造铸型或型芯。A method of producing a casting, wherein a casting mold or a core is produced by using the ceramsite sand for casting according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
- 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述铸件的浇注温度低于1600℃。 The method of claim 9 wherein the casting has a casting temperature below 1600 °C.
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| CN113135679A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-20 | 成都中弘轨道交通环保产业股份有限公司 | Composition formula for firing ceramsite by using nepheline tailings and preparation method thereof |
| CN113976814A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-01-28 | 山西沁新能源集团股份有限公司 | Spherical sand for casting and preparation method thereof |
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