CN115657135A - Free surface multiple suppression method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a free surface multiple pressing method and a device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: preprocessing original seismic data to obtain preprocessed seismic data; predicting a free surface multi-wave model of the preprocessed seismic data by using a deterministic water layer multi-wave suppression method to obtain a first multi-wave model; predicting a free surface multi-wave model of the preprocessed seismic data by utilizing a generalized free surface multi-wave suppression method to obtain a second multi-wave model; and calculating to obtain the seismic data after suppressing the free surface multiple waves according to the preprocessed seismic data, the first multiple wave model and the second multiple wave model, wherein the device comprises a preprocessing module, a first prediction module, a second prediction module and a suppressing module. The multi-wave model obtained by the invention has good matching performance, is beneficial to reducing the damage to effective waves, obtains better suppression effect and provides more reliable seismic data for reservoir interpretation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, in particular to a free surface multiple suppression method and a device.
Background
Multiple interference is common in seismic exploration, where the types of multiples are mainly divided into two types: one is a free surface multiple, i.e., the multiple is generated in relation to the surface layer; the other is interbed multiples, i.e., multiples are generated in connection with the formation below the surface. Both multiples develop well in marine and land surveys, with the development of multiples on land dominated by interbed multiples and multiples in marine dominated by free surfaces. Free surface multiples in marine data have a great influence on imaging of a target layer and geological understanding, so that effectively suppressing the marine free surface multiples becomes an important problem in marine seismic exploration.
Free surface multiple suppression is the most challenging task in the marine seismic processing process, because in some cases, the free surface multiple of the sea has strong interference effect on the primary wave, thereby affecting reservoir interpretation, meanwhile, the fluctuation of the sea water during marine data acquisition can also affect the generation of the multiple, and the development of the surface multiple can be affected by the development of the sea bottom, and these uncertain factors bring great difficulty to the suppression of the free surface multiple. The problems of the prior art are that: each free surface multiple compaction method has advantages and disadvantages, and it is often difficult to achieve effective compaction using one method alone to compact free surface multiples.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a free surface multiple suppression method and a free surface multiple suppression device, which are used for solving the technical problem that a single method in the background technology is difficult to obtain an effective suppression effect and providing more reliable seismic data for reservoir interpretation.
The technical scheme is as follows: the free surface multiple pressing method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preprocessing original seismic data to obtain preprocessed seismic data;
(2) Predicting a free surface multi-wave model of the preprocessed seismic data by using a deterministic water layer multi-wave suppression method to obtain a first multi-wave model;
(3) Predicting a free surface multi-wave model of the preprocessed seismic data by utilizing a generalized free surface multi-wave suppression method to obtain a second multi-wave model;
(4) And calculating according to the preprocessed seismic data, the first multi-wave model and the second multi-wave model to obtain seismic data suppressing the free surface after multiple waves.
Further, the preprocessing of the raw seismic data in step (1) includes at least one of aliasing interference, sea bubble interference and ghost wave interference.
Further, the step (2) comprises:
(21) Picking up the submarine double-pass travel time at zero-offset;
(22) Transforming to tau-p domain and calculating seabed period;
(23) And moving the preprocessed seismic data downwards for a submarine period, multiplying the preprocessed seismic data by a submarine reflection coefficient, performing adaptive subtraction, and performing inverse transformation to obtain a first multi-time wave model.
Further, the subsea cycle is calculated in said step (22) according to formula (1),
wherein t (0) is the double-travel time of the seabed at zero offset; p is a ray parameter; v. of 0 Is the seawater velocity; t (p) is the water layer period for p.
Further, after shallow interference channel cutting processing is carried out on the preprocessed seismic data in the step (2), prediction of a free surface multi-wave model is carried out on the preprocessed seismic data with the shallow interference channel being cut by utilizing a deterministic water layer multi-wave pressing method, and a first multi-wave model is obtained.
Further, the step (3) includes:
(31) Obtaining convolution of seismic traces from the preprocessed seismic data to determine possible multiples;
(32) Superposing all the convoluted traces acquired in the previous step and outputting the convoluted traces in the form of a multiple contribution trace set to obtain a multiple model m 2 。
Further, in the step (31), calculation and search are performed within a three-dimensional search range around the target shot point and the target geophone point by a preset search radius according to the data offset and the azimuth information to obtain the convolution of the seismic traces.
Further, in the step (4), the seismic data after the free surface multiple wave is suppressed is calculated by using a least square adaptive simultaneous subtraction algorithm according to the preprocessed seismic data, the first multiple wave model and the second multiple wave model.
Further, the step (4) includes:
(41) Respectively designing a first filter of the first multi-order wave model and a second filter of the second multi-order wave model according to a least square method;
(42) Calculating the seismic data after suppressing the free surface multiple wave according to the formula (2),
c＝min(d-f 1 *m 1 -f 2 *m 2 ) (2)
wherein c is seismic data of a free surface after multiple wave waves are suppressed, d is preprocessed seismic data, and m is 1 Is a first multiple wave model, f 1 Is a first filter, m 2 Is a second multiple wave model, f 2 Is a second filter.
The free surface multiple suppression device of the present invention comprises:
the preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the original seismic data to obtain preprocessed seismic data;
the first prediction module is used for predicting a free surface multi-wave model of the preprocessed seismic data by utilizing a deterministic water layer multi-wave suppression method to obtain a first multi-wave model;
the second prediction module is used for predicting the free surface multi-wave model of the preprocessed seismic data by utilizing a generalized free surface multi-wave suppression method to obtain a second multi-wave model;
and the suppressing module is used for calculating and obtaining the seismic data after suppressing the free surface multiple waves according to the preprocessed seismic data, the first multiple wave model and the second multiple wave model.
Has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) The deterministic water layer multiple pressing method and the generalized free surface multiple pressing method are combined to perform free surface multiple pressing, wherein the deterministic water layer multiple pressing method has a good pressing effect on short-period multiples, the generalized free surface multiple pressing method considers the three-dimensional effect of multiples and can predict long-period multiples, multiple models obtained by the two methods are good in matching, and the two methods can exert respective advantages by combining with each other, so that the pressing effect superior to that of independent pressing is obtained.
(2) The preprocessed seismic data are used when the deterministic water layer multiple wave suppression method and the generalized free surface multiple wave suppression method are used for respectively predicting multiple waves, but one suppression method is not used for suppressing the data after the multiple waves, so that the accuracy of the models predicted by the two methods is ensured, the damage to effective waves is reduced, a better suppression effect is obtained, and more reliable seismic data are provided for reservoir interpretation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of free surface multiple suppression;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of free surface multiple compression based on DWD and GSMP parallelism;
figure 3a is a schematic representation of a first multiple wave model using DWD prediction,
3b is a schematic diagram of a second multi-pass model using GSMP prediction,
3c is a multiple model schematic diagram fused by a least square simultaneous subtraction algorithm;
figure 4a is a schematic diagram of a CMP gather of preprocessed seismic data,
4b is a schematic diagram of a CMP gather compressed by a DWD and GSMP serial method after multiple wave waves,
and 4c is a schematic diagram of pressing the CMP gather after multiple wave passes by using a DWD and GSMP parallel method.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the free surface multiple pressing method of the present invention includes the steps of:
(1) Preprocessing original seismic data to obtain preprocessed seismic data;
(2) Predicting a free surface multi-wave model of the preprocessed seismic data by using a deterministic water layer multi-wave suppression (DWD) method to obtain a first multi-wave model;
(3) Predicting a free surface multi-wave model of the preprocessed seismic data by utilizing a generalized free surface multi-wave suppression (GSMP) method to obtain a second multi-wave model;
(4) And calculating according to the preprocessed seismic data, the first multi-wave model and the second multi-wave model to obtain seismic data suppressing the free surface after multiple waves.
The method combines the deterministic water layer multiple pressing method with the generalized free surface multiple pressing method to press the free surface multiple, wherein the deterministic water layer multiple pressing method has good pressing effect on short-period multiples, the generalized free surface multiple pressing method considers the three-dimensional effect of multiples and can predict long-period multiples, and the multiple models obtained by the two methods have good matching property and can exert respective advantages, so that the pressing effect superior to that of independent pressing is obtained. Meanwhile, preprocessed seismic data are used when the deterministic water layer multiple wave pressing method and the generalized free surface multiple wave pressing method are used for respectively predicting multiple waves, and the data after the multiple waves are pressed by one pressing method instead of the deterministic water layer multiple wave pressing method, so that the accuracy of models predicted by the two methods is ensured, the damage to effective waves is reduced, and a better pressing effect is obtained.
Step (1) is a data preparation step, which is used for finely preprocessing original seismic data;
preprocessing raw seismic data includes: at least one of de-aliasing interference, de-ocean bubble interference, and de-ghost interference.
And (2) predicting the multiple waveforms by using a deterministic water layer multiple pressing method. Deterministic water layer multiple suppression methods are used primarily to suppress free surface multiples of shallow water, which requires the seafloor to be deterministic, i.e., the seafloor cannot be overly complex. Compared with the traditional deconvolution method, the method can better protect the effective wave and has better suppression effect on the free surface multiple with short period;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(21) Picking up the submarine double-pass travel time at zero-offset;
(22) Transforming to tau-p domain and calculating seabed period;
calculating the subsea period according to equation (1)
Wherein t (0) is the double-travel time of the seabed at zero offset; p is a ray parameter; v. of 0 Is the seawater velocity; t (p) is the water layer period for p.
(23) Moving the preprocessed seismic data downwards for a submarine period, multiplying the preprocessed seismic data by a submarine reflection coefficient, carrying out adaptive subtraction, and carrying out inverse transformation to obtain a first multi-time wave model;
and moving the preprocessed seismic data downwards for one seabed period, multiplying the preprocessed seismic data by a seabed reflection coefficient to obtain time-shifted multi-time wave data, subtracting the time-shifted multi-time wave data from the preprocessed seismic data, and performing inverse transformation to obtain a first multi-time wave model.
Further, in step (2): after shallow interference channel cutting processing is carried out on the preprocessed seismic data, predicting a free surface multi-wave model of the preprocessed seismic data with the shallow interference channel cut by utilizing a deterministic water layer multi-wave pressing method to obtain a first multi-wave model;
it should be noted that, before predicting the multiple model, a small window is selected as much as possible for shallow interfering channel ablation, even no ablation is performed, so as to avoid that the ablation window is large and easily damages the in-phase axis of the sea bottom, which may affect the multiple prediction result.
And (3) predicting the multi-time waveform by using a generalized free surface multiple pressing method. The generalized free surface multiple pressing method is driven by data, is independent of a speed field, has strong practical application operability, can well press the short-path long-period multiple related to the free surface in a complex geological structure, and has good amplitude maintaining capability;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(31) Obtaining convolution of seismic traces from the preprocessed seismic data to determine possible multiples;
(32) Superposing all the convoluted traces acquired in the previous step, and outputting in the form of a multiple-time-contribution trace set to acquire a multiple-time-wave model;
specifically, in step (31), calculation and search are carried out within a three-dimensional search range around the target shot point and the target demodulator probe according to the data offset and the azimuth information by using a preset search radius so as to obtain the convolution of the seismic channels.
The search radius in the generalized free surface multiple pressing method is a key parameter, if the search radius is too small, the predicted multiple is not complete, and if the search radius is too large, a huge calculation amount is consumed.
Wherein the preset search radius may be 500m to 5000m.
In step (31), a search radius is selected based on the suppression effect. In specific implementation, a group of 500m in the range of 500m to 5000m is selected for testing, in other words, search radii of 500m, 1000m, 1500m and 2000m … … m are selected in sequence. The most suitable search radius is selected by comparing the suppression effect of the multiples, specifically, the search radius which can suppress the multiples and is clean and does not damage the effective wave can be determined as the finally selected search radius.
The step (4) is a step of pressing multiple by combining a deterministic water layer multiple pressing method and a generalized free surface multiple pressing method;
and calculating to obtain the seismic data after pressing the free surface multiple wave waves by utilizing a least square self-adaptive simultaneous subtraction algorithm according to the preprocessed seismic data, the first multiple wave model and the second multiple wave model.
The other key of the combined multiple suppression besides the selection of the multiple suppression method is the selection of a combination mode, and the combination mode comprises a serial method and a parallel method. The serial method is to perform multiple suppression sequentially by two methods, for example, a deterministic water layer multiple suppression method (DWD) is used to suppress multiples first, and then a generalized free surface multiple suppression method (GSMP) is used to suppress multiples. The parallel rule is to perform multiple suppression after fusing the two methods. In the invention, the deterministic water layer multiple suppression method and the generalized free surface multiple suppression method (GSMP) are preferably fused by a least square method.
Specifically, the method for obtaining the seismic data after suppressing the free surface multiple wave by using the least square adaptive simultaneous subtraction algorithm according to the preprocessed seismic data, the first multiple wave model and the second multiple wave model includes: and respectively designing a first filter of the first multi-wave model and a second filter of the second multi-wave model according to a least square method, and calculating the seismic data suppressing the free surface after multiple waves according to a formula (2).
c＝min(d-f 1 *m 1 -f 2 *m 2 ) (2)
Wherein c is seismic data of a free surface after multiple wave waves are suppressed, d is preprocessed seismic data, and m is 1 Is a first multiple wave model, f 1 Is a first filter, m 2 Is a second multiple wave model, f 2 Is a second filter.
The principle of the least square self-adaptive simultaneous subtraction algorithm is to design a filter for the first multiple wave model and the second multiple wave model respectively to fuse the two multiple wave models (f) 1 *m 1 +f 2 *m 2 ) I.e. the fused multiple models. When (d-f) 1 *m 1 -f 2 *m 2 ) When the minimum value is obtained under the least square frame, the subtraction is considered to be completed, and the obtained multiple suppression effect is optimal.
The method has the greatest advantage that the two models are simultaneously used as input, the matching between the two models is considered, and the pressing effect is better than that of independent pressing.
As shown in FIG. 2, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method of the present invention, the present invention forward simulates from geological information a set of marine seismic data containing free-surface multiples.
(1) Preparing data; the method comprises the steps of carrying out fine preprocessing on original seismic data, wherein the fine preprocessing comprises ocean bubble interference removal, ghost wave interference removal and the like, and obtaining preprocessed seismic data (namely preprocessed seismic data).
(2) And predicting a free surface multi-time wave model of the preprocessed seismic data by using a deterministic water layer multi-time wave suppression (DWD) method to obtain a first multi-time wave model predicted by the deterministic water layer multi-time wave suppression method.
Before the multiple wave model is predicted, a small window is selected as much as possible to cut a shallow interference channel, even no cutting is performed, and the large cutting window can easily damage the in-phase axis of the sea bottom, so that the multiple wave prediction result can be influenced.
(3) And predicting the free surface multiple wave model of the preprocessed data by using a generalized free surface multiple wave suppression method (GSMP) to obtain a second multiple wave model predicted by the generalized free surface multiple wave suppression method.
The preprocessed seismic data are still used when the generalized free surface multiple suppression method is carried out to predict the free surface multiple waves, but the deterministic water layer multiple suppression method is not used to suppress the data after the multiple waves. Because the preprocessed data are rich in multiples, when the generalized free surface multiple pressing method is used for predicting the multiples, the constraint conditions are more, and the predicted model is more accurate.
(4) And taking the preprocessed seismic data, the first multi-wave model and the second multi-wave model as input data, and performing suppression on the free surface multi-wave by using a least square self-adaptive simultaneous subtraction algorithm to obtain seismic data after suppressing the free surface multi-wave, namely result data.
As shown in fig. 3a, a first multiple wave model predicted by DWD method is given, and as shown in fig. 3b, a second multiple wave model predicted by GSMP method is given; a schematic diagram of the multiple model fused using the least squares simultaneous subtraction algorithm is shown in fig. 3 c. The comparison shows that the multiple model obtained by fusion is more reasonable, and the simulation effect of the first-order and multi-order multiples on the seabed is good.
The CMP gather of the preprocessed seismic data is shown in fig. 4a, the CMP gather of the multiple wave-trains suppressed by the DWD and GSMP serial methods is shown in fig. 4b, and the CMP gather of the multiple wave-trains suppressed by the DWD and GSMP parallel methods is shown in fig. 4 c. The comparison shows that the serial method for suppressing multiple waves in the target interval has more multiple waves and can damage the effective waves, the parallel method has better protection on the effective waves, and the multiple waves are suppressed better, so that the effectiveness of the method is proved.
Actual tests show that compared with a serial method and a traditional single pressing method, the parallel method disclosed by the invention can better press multiple waves, has better protection performance on effective waves, and provides important support for amplitude preservation and reliability of marine seismic data processing.
The present invention provides a free surface multi-wave pressing device, including: the device comprises a preprocessing module, a first prediction module, a second prediction module and a suppressing module.
The preprocessing module is used for preprocessing original seismic data to obtain preprocessed seismic data; the first prediction module is used for predicting a free surface multi-wave model of the preprocessed seismic data by utilizing a deterministic water layer multi-wave suppression method to obtain a first multi-wave model; the second prediction module is used for predicting a free surface multi-wave model of the preprocessed seismic data by utilizing a generalized free surface multi-wave suppression method to obtain a second multi-wave model; and the suppressing module is used for calculating and obtaining the seismic data after suppressing the free surface multiple waves according to the preprocessed seismic data, the first multiple wave model and the second multiple wave model.
Claims (10)
1. A method of free surface multiple suppression, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Preprocessing original seismic data to obtain preprocessed seismic data;
(2) Predicting a free surface multi-wave model of the preprocessed seismic data by using a deterministic water layer multi-wave suppression method to obtain a first multi-wave model;
(3) Predicting a free surface multi-wave model of the preprocessed seismic data by utilizing a generalized free surface multi-wave suppression method to obtain a second multi-wave model;
(4) And calculating according to the preprocessed seismic data, the first multi-wave model and the second multi-wave model to obtain seismic data suppressing the free surface after multiple waves.
2. The free surface multiple suppression method of claim 1, wherein said preprocessing of raw seismic data in step (1) comprises at least one of de-aliasing interference, de-sea bubble interference, and de-ghost interference.
3. The free surface multiple pressing method of claim 1, wherein the step (2) comprises:
(21) Picking up the submarine double-pass travel time at zero-offset;
(22) Transforming to tau-p domain and calculating seabed period;
(23) And moving the preprocessed seismic data downwards for a submarine period, multiplying the preprocessed seismic data by a submarine reflection coefficient, performing adaptive subtraction, and performing inverse transformation to obtain a first multi-time wave model.
4. The free surface multiple suppression method according to claim 3, wherein said step (22) calculates a seafloor cycle according to equation (1),
wherein t (0) is the double-travel time of the seabed at zero offset; p is a ray parameter; v. of 0 Is the seawater velocity; t (p) is the water layer period for p.
5. The free surface multiple suppression method according to claim 1, wherein step (2) performs shallow interferer ablation on the preprocessed seismic data, and then performs free surface multiple model prediction on the preprocessed seismic data from which shallow interferers are ablated using a deterministic water layer multiple suppression method to obtain the first multiple model.
6. The free surface multiple press method of claim 1, wherein step (3) comprises:
(31) Obtaining convolution of seismic traces from the preprocessed seismic data to determine possible multiples;
(32) Superposing all the convoluted traces acquired in the previous step and outputting the convoluted traces in the form of a multiple contribution trace set to obtain a multiple model m 2 。
7. The free surface multiple suppression method according to claim 6, wherein in step (31), the calculation and search is performed with a preset search radius within a three-dimensional search range around the target shot and the target geophone point according to the data offset and azimuth information to obtain the convolution of the seismic traces.
8. The free surface multiple wave suppression method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the seismic data after suppressing the free surface multiple waves is calculated by using a least square adaptive simultaneous subtraction algorithm according to the preprocessed seismic data, the first multiple wave model and the second multiple wave model.
9. The free surface multiple press method of claim 8, wherein step (4) comprises:
(41) Respectively designing a first filter of the first multi-order wave model and a second filter of the second multi-order wave model according to a least square method;
(42) Calculating the seismic data after suppressing the free surface multiple wave according to the formula (2),
c＝min(d-f 1 *m 1 -f 2 *m 2 ) (2)
wherein c is seismic data of a free surface after multiple wave waves are suppressed, d is preprocessed seismic data, and m is 1 Is a first multiple wave model, f 1 Is a first filter, m 2 Is a second multiple wave model, f 2 Is a second filter.
10. A free-surface multiple wave suppression device, comprising:
the preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the original seismic data to obtain preprocessed seismic data;
the first prediction module is used for predicting a free surface multi-wave model of the preprocessed seismic data by utilizing a deterministic water layer multi-wave suppression method to obtain a first multi-wave model;
the second prediction module is used for predicting the free surface multi-wave model of the preprocessed seismic data by utilizing a generalized free surface multi-wave suppression method to obtain a second multi-wave model;
and the suppressing module is used for calculating and obtaining the seismic data after suppressing the free surface multiple waves according to the preprocessed seismic data, the first multiple wave model and the second multiple wave model.
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