CN117518251A - Free interface multiple prediction method, device, computing equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method, a device, a computing device and a storage medium for predicting multiple waves of a free interface, wherein the method comprises the following steps: carrying out prestack time migration processing on the towing cable seismic data body to obtain a prestack time migration data body; performing reverse migration processing of pre-stack time migration on the pre-stack time migration data body to construct a multiple prediction seismic gather; and carrying out free interface multiple prediction according to the submarine acquired data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set to obtain a multiple record of the free interface. The scheme provided by the invention realizes the prediction of the free interface multiple of the submarine acquired data, can predict all the free interface multiple components in the data, effectively solves the problem that the conventional towing cable SRME method cannot be applied to the data, and can obviously improve the multiple suppression effect of the submarine acquired data longitudinal wave component and the converted wave component data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic data processing and analysis, in particular to a free interface multiple prediction method, a device, computing equipment and a storage medium.
Background
In recent years, in order to obtain high quality marine seismic data with wide azimuth, high coverage and small bin characteristics, marine seismic exploration (Ocean Bottom Seismic) has progressed rapidly in China. Based on the differences in signal receiving equipment, ocean bottom seismic surveys can be categorized into ocean bottom cable seismic acquisitions (Ocean Bottom Cables, OBC for short) and ocean bottom node seismic acquisitions (Ocean Bottom Nodes, OBN for short). Since the sea surface can be approximated as a free interface (reflection coefficient near-1), in the "four-component" data obtained from ocean bottom seismic exploration, the P-component and Z-component contain multiples that are mostly related to the free interface; for horizontal components X and Y, after the longitudinal wave energy reflected downward from the sea surface is reflected back by the subsurface interface, free interface multiples of far greater amplitude than the interbed multiples (the downward reflection position is at the sea floor or its lower interface), belonging to the converted wave type, are formed in both. In view of the fact that the seismic signals mainly applied to oil and gas exploration are primary reflections, prediction and suppression of multiple waves of a free interface of submarine acquired data are difficult problems of long-term important research of people. If effective suppression is not realized, the free interface multiple will interfere with the velocity analysis process, thereby affecting the authenticity and reliability of the seismic imaging, and finally misleading the subsequent seismic geologic interpretation task.
In recent years, a free interface multiple attenuation method (SRME) based on a feedback loop theory has been developed, and the SRME can effectively compress multiple components in a seismic record under the condition that no prior information is almost needed, so that the SRME becomes one of the preferred methods for processing two-dimensional seismic data, and is popularized to the multiple compression of three-dimensional conventional streamer data. However, this approach has encountered serious challenges in the processing of seafloor acquired data, and due to the deployment of seismic signal receiving equipment on the seafloor, seafloor seismic acquisition cannot receive primary reflected waves from the seafloor (no illumination of the seafloor). In addition, due to the adoption of an observation system with the characteristic of 'few channels and multiple cannons', the coverage times of the middle shallow part of the received data are low and uneven, and even the reflected signals of partial shallow stratum are missing. The application effect of the three-dimensional SRME method driven by data is severely limited, the prediction accuracy of multiple waves is seriously affected by the lack of reflected signals, the multiple waves related to the interfaces of the seabed and the shallow part cannot be predicted, obvious space aliasing is generated, and therefore the multiple wave eliminating effect of the collected data of the seabed is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a free interface multiple prediction method, apparatus, computing device, and storage medium that overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a free interface multiple prediction method including:
carrying out prestack time migration processing on the towing cable seismic data body to obtain a prestack time migration data body;
performing reverse migration processing of pre-stack time migration on the pre-stack time migration data body to construct a multiple prediction seismic gather;
and carrying out free interface multiple prediction according to the submarine acquired data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set to obtain a multiple record of the free interface.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a free interface multiple prediction apparatus including:
the processing module is suitable for carrying out prestack time migration processing on the towing cable seismic data body to obtain a prestack time migration data body;
the construction module is suitable for carrying out reverse migration processing of prestack time migration on the prestack time migration data body and constructing a multiple wave prediction seismic gather;
and the prediction module is suitable for performing free interface multiple prediction according to the submarine acquired data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set to obtain a multiple record of the free interface.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computing device comprising: the device comprises a processor, a memory, a communication interface and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the memory and the communication interface complete communication with each other through the communication bus;
the memory is used for storing at least one executable instruction, and the executable instruction enables the processor to execute the operation corresponding to the free interface multiple wave prediction method.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer storage medium having stored therein at least one executable instruction for causing a processor to perform operations corresponding to the above-described free interface multiple prediction method.
According to the scheme provided by the invention, the free interface multiple prediction of the submarine acquired data is realized, all the free interface multiple components in the data can be predicted, the problem that a conventional towing cable SRME method cannot be applied to the data is effectively solved, and the multiple suppression effect of submarine acquired data longitudinal wave component and converted wave component data can be obviously improved.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present invention in order that the same may be more clearly understood and to make the same and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more readily apparent.
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Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of a method of free interface multiple prediction according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pre-stack time-shifted "straight-ray" model ray tracing process;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a ray tracing process of a time domain kirchhoff anti-offset;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pre-stack time-offset velocity field of conventional streamer seismic data;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pre-stack time-shifted data volume of conventional streamer seismic data;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a multiple prediction seismic gather constructed by time domain kirchhoff anti-migration;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a shot gather record;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of predicted free interface multiple recordings;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a free interface multiple prediction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of a computing device, according to one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of a method of free interface multiple prediction according to one embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the steps of:
and step S101, performing prestack time migration processing on the towing cable seismic data body to obtain a prestack time migration data body.
Specifically, the pre-stack time migration refers to aligning the arrival time of reflected waves by performing time shift on towing cable seismic data in seismic exploration, and obtaining more real underground structure information by correcting time differences in seismic records.
The streamer seismic data are seismic data acquired by cables towed by a geophysical prospecting ship, are data existing in a working area, prestack time migration processing is carried out on a towing cable seismic data body to obtain a prestack time migration data body, preferably, when prestack time migration processing is carried out, a migration velocity field of the streamer seismic data can be acquired, and prestack time migration processing is carried out on the towing cable seismic data body according to the migration velocity field by utilizing a preset prestack time migration algorithm to obtain the prestack time migration data body. For example, the kirchhoff prestack time migration algorithm may be used for prestack time migration, although other prestack time migration algorithms may be used, which are not listed here.
And step S102, performing reverse migration processing of pre-stack time migration on the pre-stack time migration data body, and constructing a multiple prediction seismic gather.
Specifically, after the pre-stack time migration data body is obtained according to step S101, the pre-stack time migration data body is subjected to reverse migration processing of pre-stack time migration, the pre-stack time migration data body can be reversely migrated to a submarine acquisition reference plane and a reflection coefficient through the reverse migration processing, a multiple prediction seismic trace set meeting the prediction precision of a free interface multiple is constructed through the reverse migration processing, the constructed multiple prediction seismic trace set is a common receiving point trace set, the common receiving point is positioned on the submarine acquisition reference plane, and the acquisition mode is the same as the submarine acquisition mode.
And step S103, performing free interface multiple prediction according to the submarine acquired data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set to obtain a multiple record of the free interface.
Specifically, the submarine acquired data is data acquired by submarine seismic exploration, a receiving point is located on the seabed during submarine acquisition, and the submarine acquired data comprises submarine cable seismic acquired data (Ocean Bottom Cables, OBC for short) and submarine node seismic acquired data (Ocean Bottom Nodes, OBN for short). And (3) taking the multiple prediction seismic trace set constructed in the step (S102) as a prediction factor required by the multiple prediction of the free interface, and carrying out the multiple prediction of the free interface according to the submarine acquired data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set to obtain a multiple record of the free interface, wherein the free interface is the sea surface.
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the submarine acquired data includes longitudinal wave component data, so that the performing free interface multiple prediction according to the submarine acquired data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set to obtain a multiple record of the free interface may be further implemented by the following method: performing frequency domain conversion processing on longitudinal wave component data in the submarine acquired data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set; and predicting the multiple of the free interface according to the frequency domain conversion result to obtain the multiple record of the free interface.
Specifically, the longitudinal wave component data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set are both in a time domain, the longitudinal wave component data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set are represented by taking a time axis as coordinates, in order to facilitate multiple prediction, frequency domain conversion processing can be performed on the longitudinal wave component data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set in the submarine acquired data, the longitudinal wave component data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set are converted into frequency domain representation, that is, the longitudinal wave component data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set are represented by taking the frequency axis as coordinates, and then free interface multiple prediction is performed according to a frequency domain conversion result, so as to obtain multiple records of a free interface.
More preferably, the receiving point of the longitudinal wave and the shot point of the multiple prediction seismic channel are the same point, so that the longitudinal wave for multiple prediction and the target multiple prediction seismic channel can be determined according to the space coordinates of the receiving point of the longitudinal wave and the space coordinates of the shot point of the multiple prediction seismic channel, specifically, the multiple prediction seismic channel set is queried according to the space coordinates of the receiving point of any longitudinal wave in the longitudinal wave component data, the target multiple prediction seismic channel with the same shot point space coordinates as the receiving point of the longitudinal wave in the multiple prediction seismic channel set is obtained, the longitudinal wave and the target multiple prediction seismic channel are multiplied, and the multiplication results are added and summed to obtain the multiple record of the free interface.
The three-dimensional free interface multiple prediction equation (1) can be used for carrying out free interface multiple prediction:
wherein x is s And y is s Representing the space coordinates of the shot point, x r And y is r Representing the spatial coordinates of the receiving points, f representing the frequency; m is M P The method is characterized in that the method is a multiple record of predicted longitudinal wave component data at a free interface, P is the longitudinal wave component data, and H is a multiple predicted seismic trace set; x is x k And y is k The spatial coordinates of the receiving points in the longitudinal wave component data P participating in the summation operation and the spatial coordinates of the shot points in the multiple prediction seismic trace set H are represented. The method mainly comprises the step of carrying out space convolution processing on longitudinal wave component data and a multiple prediction seismic trace set to obtain a multiple record of a free interface.
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the submarine acquired data includes converted wave component data, and the converted wave component data is transverse wave component data, where the performing free interface multiple prediction according to the submarine acquired data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set, and obtaining the multiple record of the free interface further includes: performing frequency domain conversion processing on converted wave component data of wave field separation in submarine acquired data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set;
and predicting the multiple of the free interface according to the frequency domain conversion result to obtain the multiple record of the free interface.
Specifically, the converted wave component data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set are both in a time domain, the converted wave component data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set are represented by taking a time axis as coordinates, in order to facilitate multiple prediction, frequency domain conversion processing can be performed on the converted wave component data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set in the submarine acquired data, the converted wave component data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set are converted into frequency domain representation, that is, the converted wave component data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set are represented by taking the frequency axis as coordinates, and then free interface multiple prediction is performed according to a frequency domain conversion result, so as to obtain multiple records of a free interface.
More preferably, the receiving point of the converted wave and the shot point of the multiple prediction seismic trace are the same point, so that the converted wave and the target multiple prediction seismic trace for multiple prediction can be determined according to the space coordinates of the receiving point of the converted wave and the space coordinates of the shot point of the multiple prediction seismic trace, specifically, the multiple prediction seismic trace set is queried according to the space coordinates of the receiving point of any converted wave in the converted wave component data, the target multiple prediction seismic trace with the same shot point space coordinates as the receiving point of the converted wave is obtained, the converted wave and the target multiple prediction seismic trace are multiplied, and the multiplication results are added and summed to obtain the multiple record of the free interface.
The three-dimensional free interface multiple prediction equation (2) can be utilized to perform free interface multiple prediction:
wherein x is s And y is s Representing the space coordinates of the shot point, x r And y is r Representing the spatial coordinates of the receiving points, f representing the frequency; m is M X The method is characterized in that the method is a multiple record of predicted converted wave component data on a free interface, X is the converted wave component data, and H is a multiple predicted seismic trace set; x is x k And y is k And the spatial coordinates of the receiving points in the converted wave component X participating in the summation operation and the spatial coordinates of the shot points in the multiple prediction seismic trace set H are represented.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, in performing the inverse migration of the pre-stack time migration to construct a multiple prediction seismic trace set required for multiple prediction of a free interface of the seafloor acquired data, a seismic wavelet different from the current seismic source is introduced, and in order to improve the accuracy and recording resolution of the multiple prediction result, the influence of the wavelet should be eliminated, the method further includes: calculating a free interface factor according to the introduced seismic wavelet and the free interface reflection coefficient which are different from the current seismic source, wherein the reflection coefficient of the free interface (sea surface) can be set to be-1; combining the wavelet influence elimination and the multiple wave record phase correction to obtain a free interface factor calculation expression of a frequency domain as follows:
A(f)＝[W(f)] -1 ·(-1)＝-[W(f)] -1
wherein: w (f) is the Fourier transform of the seismic wavelet W (t) extracted based on the anti-migration record, and f and t respectively represent frequency and time.
After the free interface factor is calculated, the free interface multiple prediction is carried out according to the submarine acquired data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set, and the multiple record of the free interface can be further realized by the following method: and carrying out free interface multiple prediction according to the submarine acquired data, the multiple prediction seismic trace set and the free interface factor to obtain a multiple record of the free interface.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises: the elimination treatment is performed on the multiple record of the free interface, for example, the multiple record of the free interface can be eliminated by an adaptive attenuation method.
The sea area A is a shallow water area, the seabed is relatively flat, and the water depth is about 40m. The earthquake signals are received by a submarine cable (Ocean Bottom Cables, OBC for short) through the continuous navigation type excitation earthquake waves of the air gun seismic source towed by the stern. In the seismic acquisition process, firstly, 8 cables (1920 channels in total) are arranged on the sea floor, the excitation of seismic signals is sequentially carried out through 24 cannon lines, the distance between a receiving line and the cannon lines is 400 meters, and the directions of the receiving line and the cannon lines are mutually perpendicular; the sampling interval and recording length of the seismic data are 0.004 seconds and 8 seconds, respectively. Because the sea surface and the sea bottom are strong wave impedance interfaces, a large number of free interface multiple waves with stronger amplitude exist in the corresponding seismic records, which seriously affect the imaging quality of the underground structure and further mislead the subsequent geologic interpretation analysis. Therefore, the free interface multiple prediction method provided by the invention is needed to be used for predicting the free interface multiple.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the specific implementation process of the free interface multiple prediction method mainly comprises the following five steps: 1) Pre-stack time migration processing of a conventional towing cable seismic data volume to obtain a pre-stack time migration data volume; 2) Performing reverse migration processing of pre-stack time migration on the pre-stack time migration data body to construct a multiple prediction seismic gather; 3) Calculating a free interface factor; 4) Performing free interface multiple prediction according to longitudinal wave component data and multiple prediction seismic trace sets in the submarine acquired data; 5) And carrying out free interface multiple prediction according to the converted wave component data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set in the submarine acquired data.
The following describes the above embodiments in detail:
1) Pre-stack time migration processing of conventional streamer seismic data volumes to obtain pre-stack time migration data volumes
The working area has conventional towing cable seismic data acquired in advance, and the pretreated shot set is input to carry out offset imaging based on a primary wave velocity field as shown in fig. 4. The kirchhoff prestack time migration is a mature migration imaging method in current production, and under the condition of a migration velocity field, the prestack time migration imaging method can generate a prestack time migration data body based on a conventional streamer seismic data body, and the prestack time migration data body is overlapped to obtain a prestack time migration section. The kirchhoff prestack migration of the shot gather domain may be expressed as an integral summation process of the form:
wherein: i represents a prestack time migration data volume, and eta is a data volume sample point coordinate; w (W) I For the weight factor of kirchhoff integral offset, τ represents the sum of travel time of the ray from shot point to imaging point and from imaging point to detector point, (S) m ,G n ) Coordinates of a shot-detection pair; d (D) m For the shot gather record of the towing data, m and n are the shot number and the track number respectively, t represents travel time, and M, N is the shot number and the track number applied during offset respectively.
The kirchhoff prestack time migration adopts a ray tracing process of a 'straight ray' model (see figure 2), so that the weight factor W in the formula (3) I (S m ,G n Eta) and travel time tau (S) m ,G n η) are significantly simplified, which can be expressed as
Wherein: v (eta) is the shift velocity of the primary wave, cos theta is the tilt factor, r 0 The distance from the shot point to the imaging point is r, and the distance from the imaging point to the shot point is r.
The offset data volume shown in fig. 5 is obtained according to the offset imaging processing of the formula (3) and the formula (4).
2) Performing reverse migration processing of pre-stack time migration on the pre-stack time migration data body to construct a multiple prediction seismic trace set
Constructing a multi-wave prediction seismic trace set meeting the multi-wave prediction precision of a free interface by utilizing the inverse process of kirchhoff pre-stack time migration, inputting a pre-stack time migration data body I (eta) generated according to a formula (3), and introducing a direct-ray model ray tracing process of the pre-stack time migration, wherein a time domain kirchhoff inverse migration formula can be expressed as follows
Wherein: h isMultiple prediction seismic trace set, x k And y is k Representing the space coordinates of the shot point, x, of the anti-offset r And y is r Representing the inverse offset receiving point spatial coordinates; i (eta) represents a prestack time migration data volume, and eta is a section sample point coordinate; ds represents an integral bin; w (W) H For the weight factor of the kirchhoff reverse offset, τ represents the sum of travel times of rays from shot to η and from η to detector.
X is x when multiple prediction is carried out on one data in gun set r And y is r Is a fixed value, and x k And y is k Is varied, thus H (x k ,y k ,x r ,y r T) represents a common receive point gather record. It should be noted that the integral weight factor W in the reverse offset process H (η,x k ,y k ,x r ,y r ) With some differences from time-offset imaging, it should be calculated using more accurate kirchhoff integration diffraction superposition (see fig. 3), i.e.
Wherein: l (L) 0 L is the propagation distance of the incident ray and the diffracted ray; θ 0 Respectively with theta is l 0 An included angle between l and a normal vector n of the surface element; v (η) represents the seismic wave velocity, η is the coordinates of the sample points of the data volume.
The migration velocity field shown in fig. 4 and the conventional streamer data migration data volume shown in fig. 5 are input, and the seismic record shown in fig. 6 is constructed based on the time domain kirchhoff inverse migration of formulas (5) and (6), which can be used as a free interface multiple predictor to participate in free interface multiple prediction of the submarine acquired data.
3) Calculation of free interface factors
When a migration velocity field of conventional towing data and an imaging data body are input, and a prediction factor required by the multi-wave prediction of a free interface of submarine acquired data is constructed through the time domain kirchhoff inverse migration, a seismic wavelet different from the current source is introduced, and the influence of the wavelet is eliminated in order to improve the accuracy and the recording resolution of a multi-wave prediction result. The reflection coefficient of the free interface (sea surface) of the marine seismic survey can be set to-1, and the phase correction is performed on the multiple prediction result according to the reflection coefficient. Combining wavelet influence elimination and multiple wave record phase correction to obtain a free interface factor calculation expression in a frequency domain
A(f)＝[W(f)] -1 ·(-1)＝-[W(f)] -1 (7)
Wherein: w (f) is the Fourier transform of the seismic wavelet W (t) extracted based on the anti-migration record, and f and t respectively represent frequency and time.
4) Performing free interface multiple prediction according to longitudinal wave component data and multiple prediction seismic trace sets in the submarine acquired data;
inputting longitudinal wave component data (see fig. 7), taking a multi-wave prediction seismic trace set constructed by the time domain kirchhoff anti-migration as a prediction factor required by the multi-wave prediction of the free interface, converting both the two into a frequency domain, and substituting the frequency domain into a three-dimensional free interface multi-wave prediction equation (1), wherein the free interface multi-wave prediction process of the longitudinal wave component is as follows:
wherein x is s And y is s Representing the space coordinates of the shot point, x r And y is r Representing the spatial coordinates of the receiving points, f representing the frequency; m is M P The method is characterized in that the method is a multiple record of predicted longitudinal wave component data at a free interface, P is the longitudinal wave component data, and H is a multiple predicted seismic trace set; x is x k And y is k The spatial coordinates of the receiving points in the longitudinal wave component data P participating in the summation operation and the spatial coordinates of the shot points in the multiple prediction seismic trace set H are represented.
Introducing the free interface factor A (f) calculated by equation (7), equation (1) may be further expressed as
Equation (8) is a multiple prediction equation with multiple predictors and free interface factors introduced, and the process is performed in the frequency domain. After the multiple record is obtained based on the formula (8), the multiple in the longitudinal wave component data P can be eliminated by an adaptive attenuation method.
Longitudinal wave component data (see fig. 7) are input, a multi-wave prediction seismic trace set (see fig. 6) constructed by time domain kirchhoff anti-migration is used as a prediction factor required by free interface multi-wave prediction, free interface multi-wave prediction of submarine acquired data is realized based on a formula (8), and a multi-wave record shown in fig. 8 is obtained, wherein the multi-wave record contains rich multi-wave information. By comparison, the travel of the multiple event in the two records shown in fig. 7 and 8 is substantially consistent, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the free interface multiple prediction method.
5) Free interface multiple prediction based on converted wave component data and multiple prediction seismic trace set in submarine acquired data
The converted wave component data of wave field separation is input, a multi-wave prediction seismic trace set constructed by time domain kirchhoff inverse migration is used as a prediction factor required by multi-wave prediction of a free interface, both are transformed into a frequency domain and substituted into a three-dimensional free interface multi-wave prediction equation, and then the multi-wave prediction process of the free interface of the converted wave component is as follows
Wherein x is s And y is s Representing the space coordinates of the shot point, x r And y is r Representing the spatial coordinates of the receiving points, f representing the frequency; m is M X The method is characterized in that the method is a multiple record of predicted converted wave component data on a free interface, X is the converted wave component data, and H is a multiple predicted seismic trace set; x is x k And y is k And the spatial coordinates of the receiving points in the converted wave component X participating in the summation operation and the spatial coordinates of the shot points in the multiple prediction seismic trace set H are represented.
Introducing the free interface factor A (f) calculated by equation (7), equation (2) may be further expressed as
Equation (9) is a multiple prediction equation with multiple predictors and free interface factors introduced, and the process is performed in the frequency domain. After the multiple record is obtained based on the formula (9), the multiple in the converted wave component data X can be eliminated by an adaptive attenuation method.
The scheme provided by the invention realizes three-dimensional free interface multiple prediction of the longitudinal wave component and the converted wave component of the submarine acquired data, effectively solves the problem that the conventional towing cable SRME method cannot be applied to such data, and can obviously improve the multiple suppression effect of the submarine acquired data longitudinal wave component and the converted wave component data. Compared with the wave field continuation-based multiple prediction technology, the method has obvious precision advantage, because the method can only predict a part of free interface multiple, namely ghost waves and seabed multiple (the whole course multiple of the seabed and the micro-bending multiple related to the seabed), and can predict all free interface multiple components in the data, so that the rejection precision of the multiple can be improved.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a free interface multiple prediction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 9, the apparatus includes:
the processing module 901 is suitable for carrying out prestack time migration processing on the towing cable seismic data body to obtain a prestack time migration data body;
the construction module 902 is suitable for performing reverse migration processing of pre-stack time migration on the pre-stack time migration data body to construct a multiple prediction seismic gather;
the prediction module 903 is adapted to perform free interface multiple prediction according to the submarine acquired data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set, so as to obtain a multiple record of the free interface.
Optionally, the prediction module is further adapted to: performing frequency domain conversion processing on longitudinal wave component data in the submarine acquired data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set;
and predicting the multiple of the free interface according to the frequency domain conversion result to obtain the multiple record of the free interface.
Optionally, the prediction module is further adapted to: and (3) performing free interface multiple prediction by using a three-dimensional free interface multiple prediction equation (1):
wherein x is s And y is s Representing the space coordinates of the shot point, x r And y is r Representing the spatial coordinates of the receiving points, f representing the frequency; m is M P The method is characterized in that the method is a multiple record of predicted longitudinal wave component data at a free interface, P is the longitudinal wave component data, and H is a multiple predicted seismic trace set; x is x k And y is k The spatial coordinates of the receiving points in the longitudinal wave component data P participating in the summation operation and the spatial coordinates of the shot points in the multiple prediction seismic trace set H are represented.
Optionally, the prediction module is further adapted to: performing frequency domain conversion processing on converted wave component data of wave field separation in submarine acquired data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set;
and predicting the multiple of the free interface according to the frequency domain conversion result to obtain the multiple record of the free interface.
Optionally, the prediction module is further adapted to: and (3) performing free interface multiple prediction by using a three-dimensional free interface multiple prediction equation (2):
wherein x is s And y is s Representing the space coordinates of the shot point, x r And y is r Representing the spatial coordinates of the receiving points, f representing the frequency; m is M X The method is characterized in that the method is a multiple record of predicted converted wave component data on a free interface, X is the converted wave component data, and H is a multiple predicted seismic trace set; x is x k And y is k Representing participationThe spatial coordinates of the receiving points in the converted wave component X of the summation operation and the spatial coordinates of the shot points in the multiple prediction seismic trace set H.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises: the calculation module is suitable for calculating a free interface factor according to the introduced seismic wavelet and the free interface reflection coefficient which are different from the current seismic source;
the prediction module is further adapted to: and carrying out free interface multiple prediction according to the submarine acquired data, the multiple prediction seismic trace set and the free interface factor to obtain a multiple record of the free interface.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises: and the elimination module is suitable for eliminating the multiple wave record of the free interface.
The scheme provided by the invention realizes three-dimensional free interface multiple prediction of the longitudinal wave component and the converted wave component of the submarine acquired data, effectively solves the problem that the conventional towing cable SRME method cannot be applied to such data, and can obviously improve the multiple suppression effect of the submarine acquired data longitudinal wave component and the converted wave component data. Compared with the wave field continuation-based multiple prediction technology, the method has obvious precision advantage, because the method can only predict a part of free interface multiple, namely ghost waves and seabed multiple (the whole course multiple of the seabed and the micro-bending multiple related to the seabed), and can predict all free interface multiple components in the data, so that the rejection precision of the multiple can be improved.
The embodiment of the application also provides a non-volatile computer storage medium, which stores at least one executable instruction, and the computer executable instruction can execute the method for predicting the multiple of the free interface in any method embodiment.
FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of a computing device, according to one embodiment of the invention, the particular embodiment of the invention not being limited to a particular implementation of the computing device.
As shown in fig. 10, the computing device may include: a processor 1002, a communication interface Communications Interface, a memory 1006, and a communication bus 1008.
Wherein: the processor 1002, communication interface 1004, and memory 1006 communicate with each other via a communication bus 1008.
Communication interface 1004 is used for communicating with network elements of other devices, such as clients or other servers.
The processor 1002 is configured to execute the program 1010, and may specifically perform the relevant steps in the above-described embodiments of the free interface multiple prediction method.
In particular, program 1010 may include program code including computer operating instructions.
The processor 1002 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or a specific integrated circuit ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement embodiments of the present invention. The one or more processors included by the computing device may be the same type of processor, such as one or more CPUs; but may also be different types of processors such as one or more CPUs and one or more ASICs.
Memory 1006 for storing programs 1010. The memory 1006 may include high-speed RAM memory or may further include non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one magnetic disk memory.
The program 1010 is specifically operable to cause the processor 1002 to perform the free interface multiple prediction method of any of the method embodiments described above. The specific implementation of each step in the program 1010 may refer to the corresponding step and corresponding description in the unit in the above-mentioned free interface multiple prediction embodiment, which is not repeated herein. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, specific working procedures of the apparatus and modules described above may refer to corresponding procedure descriptions in the foregoing method embodiments, which are not repeated herein.
The algorithms or displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer, virtual system, or other apparatus. Various general-purpose systems may also be used with the teachings herein. The required structure for a construction of such a system is apparent from the description above. In addition, embodiments of the present invention are not directed to any particular programming language. It will be appreciated that the teachings of the present invention described herein may be implemented in a variety of programming languages, and the above description of specific languages is provided for disclosure of enablement and best mode of the present invention.
In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.
Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the above description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the embodiments of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. However, the disclosed method should not be construed as reflecting the intention that: i.e., the claimed invention requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules in the apparatus of the embodiments may be adaptively changed and disposed in one or more apparatuses different from the embodiments. The modules or units or components of the embodiments may be combined into one module or unit or component and, furthermore, they may be divided into a plurality of sub-modules or sub-units or sub-components. Any combination of all features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and all of the processes or units of any method or apparatus so disclosed, may be used in combination, except insofar as at least some of such features and/or processes or units are mutually exclusive. Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments herein include some features but not others included in other embodiments, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the following claims, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination.
Various component embodiments of the invention may be implemented in hardware, or in software modules running on one or more processors, or in a combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that some or all of the functionality of some or all of the components according to embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in practice using a microprocessor or Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The present invention can also be implemented as an apparatus or device program (e.g., a computer program and a computer program product) for performing a portion or all of the methods described herein. Such a program embodying the present invention may be stored on a computer readable medium, or may have the form of one or more signals. Such signals may be downloaded from an internet website, provided on a carrier signal, or provided in any other form.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The invention may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the unit claims enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, third, etc. do not denote any order. These words may be interpreted as names. The steps in the above embodiments should not be construed as limiting the order of execution unless specifically stated.
Claims (10)
1. A method of free interface multiple prediction, comprising:
carrying out prestack time migration processing on the towing cable seismic data body to obtain a prestack time migration data body;
performing reverse migration processing of pre-stack time migration on the pre-stack time migration data body to construct a multiple prediction seismic gather;
and carrying out free interface multiple prediction according to the submarine acquired data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set to obtain a multiple record of the free interface.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing free-interface multiple prediction from the seafloor acquired data and the multiple prediction seismic gathers, obtaining a multiple record of a free interface further comprises:
performing frequency domain conversion processing on longitudinal wave component data in the submarine acquired data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set;
and predicting the multiple of the free interface according to the frequency domain conversion result to obtain the multiple record of the free interface.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the performing free interface multiple prediction according to the frequency domain conversion result, and obtaining the multiple record of the free interface further comprises:
and (3) performing free interface multiple prediction by using a three-dimensional free interface multiple prediction equation (1):
wherein x is s And y is s Representing the space coordinates of the shot point, x r And y is r Representing the spatial coordinates of the receiving points, f representing the frequency; m is M P The method is characterized in that the method is a multiple record of predicted longitudinal wave component data at a free interface, P is the longitudinal wave component data, and H is a multiple predicted seismic trace set; x is x k And y is k The spatial coordinates of the receiving points in the longitudinal wave component data P participating in the summation operation and the spatial coordinates of the shot points in the multiple prediction seismic trace set H are represented.
4. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein the performing free-interface multiple prediction from the seafloor acquired data and the multiple prediction seismic gathers, obtaining a multiple record of a free interface further comprises:
performing frequency domain conversion processing on converted wave component data of wave field separation in submarine acquired data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set;
and predicting the multiple of the free interface according to the frequency domain conversion result to obtain the multiple record of the free interface.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the performing free interface multiple prediction according to the frequency domain conversion result, and obtaining the multiple record of the free interface further comprises:
and (3) performing free interface multiple prediction by using a three-dimensional free interface multiple prediction equation (2):
wherein x is s And y is s Representing the space coordinates of the shot point, x r And y is r Representing the spatial coordinates of the receiving points, f representing the frequency; m is M X The method is characterized in that the method is a multiple record of predicted converted wave component data on a free interface, X is the converted wave component data, and H is a multiple predicted seismic trace set; x is x k And y is k Representing converted wavelength components involved in summation operationsAnd the space coordinates of the receiving points in the quantity X and the space coordinates of the shot points in the multiple prediction seismic trace set H.
6. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the method further comprises: calculating a free interface factor according to the introduced seismic wavelet and the free interface reflection coefficient which are different from the current seismic source;
the step of performing free interface multiple prediction according to the submarine acquired data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set, and the step of obtaining the multiple record of the free interface further comprises the following steps:
and carrying out free interface multiple prediction according to the submarine acquired data, the multiple prediction seismic trace set and the free interface factor to obtain a multiple record of the free interface.
7. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the method further comprises: and eliminating the multiple record of the free interface.
8. A free interface multiple prediction apparatus comprising:
the processing module is suitable for carrying out prestack time migration processing on the towing cable seismic data body to obtain a prestack time migration data body;
the construction module is suitable for carrying out reverse migration processing of prestack time migration on the prestack time migration data body and constructing a multiple wave prediction seismic gather;
and the prediction module is suitable for performing free interface multiple prediction according to the submarine acquired data and the multiple prediction seismic trace set to obtain a multiple record of the free interface.
9. A computing device, comprising: the device comprises a processor, a memory, a communication interface and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the memory and the communication interface complete communication with each other through the communication bus;
the memory is configured to store at least one executable instruction, where the executable instruction causes the processor to perform the operations corresponding to the free interface multiple prediction method according to any one of claims 1-7.
10. A computer storage medium having stored therein at least one executable instruction for causing a processor to perform operations corresponding to the free interface multiple prediction method of any one of claims 1-7.
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