CN112255685B - OBS and sea surface streamer seismic data combined imaging method and processing terminal - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an OBS and sea surface streamer seismic data combined imaging method and a processing terminal, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step 1: obtaining original OBS data and MCS data; step 2: preprocessing MCS data and extracting a seismic wavelet and migration velocity model; and step 3: preprocessing OBS data; and 4, step 4: performing wave field separation on the preprocessed OBS data to obtain uplink waves of the OBS data; and 5, obtaining a combined imaging result according to the preprocessed MCS data, the upgoing wave, the seismic wavelet and the migration velocity model. The invention fully utilizes the uplink wave of the OBS data, the uplink wave conforms to the wave equation, a joint imaging result can be obtained by using an imaging method based on the wave equation, the calculation is more convenient, and the obtained imaging result has better effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic data imaging, in particular to an OBS and sea surface streamer seismic data combined imaging method and a processing terminal.
Background
In order to obtain as much information as possible, in actual operation, the ocean bottom seismograph generally acquires data synchronously with a sea surface streamer, the sea surface streamer acquires a plurality of channels of seismic data, the data acquired by the ocean bottom seismograph is called OBS data, and the plurality of channels of seismic data acquired by the sea surface streamer is called MCS data. Both of these two ways of acquiring data have advantages and disadvantages. The OBS layout is sparse, the maximum defect of the OBS data is that the OBS data is sparse, but the OBS data has large offset distance, contains rich low-frequency information and has small noise. The advantage of the marine streamer performing multi-channel seismic acquisition is that its receiving points and shot points are relatively dense, but due to the influence of the marine environment, acquisition equipment and acquisition cost, the offset of the MCS data is relatively small, the low frequency component is relatively insufficient, and the noise is relatively large.
In the existing processing technology, the OBS and the MCS are generally processed separately. And imaging the MCS data to obtain an imaging section of the MCS, and imaging the OBS data to obtain an imaging section of the OBS. When the OBS is imaged (i.e. an imaging profile is obtained), the image offset technique is mainly used for realizing the downlink wave in the OBS data. Such treatment mainly has the following drawbacks: (1) although there is a complementary advantage of OBS and MCS, the advantages of both are not well utilized in the imaging process; (2) the uplink wave in the OBS data is less utilized, the data is not recycled, the acquired data is not utilized to the maximum extent, and the imaging effect is poor.
For example, chinese patent application with patent publication No. CN109541681A, which uses a small amount of low frequency components in OBS data to compensate for the problem of low frequency missing when waveform inversion is performed by using MCS data. The purpose of this solution is to obtain a velocity model of the subsurface medium, rather than an imaging profile of the subsurface medium. In addition, the technical scheme does not consider the classification of the up-going wave and the down-going wave in the OBS data, so that false images are easily introduced into the velocity model, and the imaging effect is finally influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a method for jointly imaging seismic data of an OBS and a marine streamer, which can solve the problem of joint imaging of MCS and OBS seismic data;
another object of the present invention is to provide a processing terminal, which can solve the problem of joint imaging of MCS and OBS seismic data.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: an OBS and sea surface streamer seismic data combined imaging method comprises the following steps:
step 1: obtaining original OBS data and MCS data and respectively recording the data as d'obs(xs,xobs,zobsT) and d'mcs(xs,xg,t)，xsCoordinates representing the shot point, xgRepresenting sea surface streamersCoordinates of the detector above, xobsTransverse coordinate, z, representing OBSobsLongitudinal coordinates representing the OBS;
step 2: to d'mcs(xs,xgT) preprocessing to obtain MCS data d with high signal-to-noise ratiomcs(xs,xgT), then, according to dmcs(xs,xgT) extracting seismic wavelets w (t), for dmcs(xs,xgT) carrying out offset velocity analysis to obtain an offset velocity model v (x, z);
and step 3: to d'obs(xs,xobs,zobsT) preprocessing to obtain OBS data d with high signal-to-noise ratioobs(xs,xobs,zobs,t)；
And 4, step 4: to dobs(xs,xobs,zobsAnd t) carrying out wave field separation to obtain uplink waves of the OBS data, and arranging the uplink waves according to the shot points to obtain uplink wave data of a common shot point domain, which is marked as Uobs(xs,xobs,zobs,t)；
And 5: will dmcs(xs,xg,t)、Uobs(xs,xobs,zobsAnd t), v (x, z) and w (t) are used as input data of imaging to carry out imaging processing, and an imaging result is obtained.
Further, in step 1, the raw OBS data and MCS data are seismic data acquired by both OBS and marine streamers.
Further, the pair of d'mcs(xs,xgAnd t) carrying out preprocessing, including observation system definition, noise attenuation, multiple attenuation and ghost processing.
Further, the pair of d'obs(xs,xobs,zobsAnd t) performing preprocessing including clock drift correction, relocation, observation system definition and noise attenuation.
Further, the pair d is completed by adopting a PZ combination methodobs(xs,xobs,zobsAnd t) performing wave field separation.
Further, the specific implementation process of step 5 includes the following steps:
step 5-1: using the seismic wavelets w (t) as a seismic source, and forming a forward propagation wave field, wherein the forward propagation wave field is constrained by a formula (i), and a wave field U (x, z, t) is obtained:
in the formula, TmaxRepresenting the maximum time of seismic recording, delta (x-x)s) Representing an impulse function at the location of the shot;
step 5-2: u shapeobs(xs,xobs,zobsAnd t) is taken as a seismic source, a backward propagation wave field is formed, the backward propagation wave field is constrained by a formula II, and a wave field B (x, z, t) is obtained:
in the formula, delta (x-x)g) Representing a pulse function at the detector location;
，δ(x-xobs,z-zobs) Representing a pulse function at the OBS location;
and 5-3, combining the obtained U (x, z, t) and B (x, z, t) according to a formula to obtain an imaging result I (x, z):
the result obtained by the formula (c) is the final result.
The second technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows: a processing terminal, comprising:
a memory for storing program instructions;
and the processor is used for operating the program instructions to execute the steps of the OBS and sea surface streamer seismic data combined imaging method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the uplink wave of the OBS data is fully utilized, the uplink wave conforms to the wave equation, a joint imaging result can be obtained by using an imaging method based on the wave equation, the advantages of the MCS and the OBS data are fully utilized, the imaging resolution is improved, the calculation is more convenient, and the obtained imaging result effect is better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an OBS acquiring data simultaneously with a surface streamer;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the simulation of the joint acquisition of the MCS and the OBS based on the Marmousi model;
FIG. 4 is a numerical simulation of marine streamer multi-channel seismic MCS data based on the observation shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is OBS data numerically simulated based on the observation shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an upwave obtained by performing wavefield separation on OBS data;
FIG. 7 is the upgoing data arranged in common shots;
fig. 8 shows the results of the individual imaging based on the MCS data and the OBS data, respectively, (a) part is the result of the individual imaging based on the MCS data, and (b) part is the result of the individual imaging based on the OBS data;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing comparison of the results of the joint imaging and the individual imaging, in which (a) part is the individual imaging result based on the MCS data, and (b) part is the joint imaging result obtained by performing imaging processing using the shot-aligned upgoing wave data and the MCS data as input data of the joint imaging;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a processing terminal.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:
as shown in fig. 1 to 9, an OBS and surface streamer seismic data combined imaging method includes the following steps:
step 1: obtaining original OBS data and MCS data which are acquired simultaneously and respectively recording as d'obs(xs,xobs,zobsT) and d'mcs(xs,xg,t)，xsCoordinates, x, representing the shot point (i.e. the seismic source)gCoordinates, x, representing receivers on the surface streamerobsTransverse coordinate, z, representing OBSobsRepresenting the longitudinal coordinates of the OBS. The OBS data are reflected waves which are reflected when seismic waves generated by excitation of a seismic source meet a reflection interface and received by the OBS located on the sea bottom, and the MCS data are reflected waves which are reflected when seismic waves generated by excitation of the seismic source meet the reflection interface and received by a marine surface streamer located on the sea surface. The actual acquisition of raw OBS data and MCS data may be performed by both OBS and surface streamers simultaneously receiving reflected waves from seismic waves generated by seismic source excitation as they encounter a reflecting interface, as shown in fig. 2. By receiving simultaneously, the consistency of the source wavelets can be ensured.
Step 2: to d'mcs(xs,xgT) preprocessing including observation system definition, noise attenuation, multiple attenuation, ghost processing, etc., to obtain MCS data d with high signal-to-noise ratiomcs(xs,xgT). Then, according to dmcs(xs,xgT) extracting seismic wavelets w (t). Specifically, the seismic wavelets w (t) can be extracted by selecting a section of data where the submarine topography is flat and based on a statistical method. To dmcs(xs,xgAnd t) carrying out offset velocity analysis to obtain an offset velocity model v (x, z). The processing sequence of the observation system after defining, noise attenuation, multiple attenuation and ghost processing is arbitrary and is not limited specifically.
And step 3: to d'obs(xs,xobs,zobsAnd t) preprocessing, including clock drift correction, relocation, observation system definition, noise attenuation and the like, to obtain OBS data d with high signal-to-noise ratioobs(xs,xobs,zobsT). Here, the higher signal-to-noise ratio is d ' compared to d ' before pretreatment 'obs(xs,xobs,zobsT), the signal-to-noise ratio of the preprocessed data is higher. Wherein the clock drift correction, repositioning, observation system definition and noise attenuationAnd the steps are sequentially carried out.
And 4, step 4: to dobs(xs,xobs,zobsAnd t) carrying out wave field separation to obtain upgoing wave and downgoing wave of OBS data, which are respectively marked as Uobs(xs,xobs,zobsT) and Dobs(xs,xobs,zobsT). The wave field separation can be specifically completed by adopting a PZ combination method to obtain Uobs(xs,xobs,zobsT) as primary reflected waves, also as upgoing waves in the common shot domain, Dobs(xs,xobs,zobsAnd t) is a multiple.
And 5: will dmcs(xs,xg,t)、Uobs(xs,xobs,zobsT), v (x, z) and w (t) are used as input data of imaging to carry out imaging processing, and an imaging result, namely an imaging section is obtained. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 5-1: using the seismic wavelets w (t) as a seismic source, and forming a forward propagation wave field, wherein the forward propagation wave field is constrained by a formula (i), and a wave field U (x, z, t) is obtained:
in the formula, TmaxRepresenting the seismic recording time, i.e. the maximum time of the seismic recording, delta (x-x)s) Representing the impulse function at the location of the shot. Solving the formula (i) can be achieved by solving the equation numerically.
Step 5-2: u shapeobs(xs,xobs,zobsT) is used as a seismic source and forms a backward propagation wave field, the backward propagation wave field is constrained by a formula II to obtain a wave field B (x, z, t), and the solving of the formula II can also be realized by numerical solving of an equation:
in the formula, delta (x-x)g) Representation detectionPulse function at the position of the device, delta (x-x)obs,z-zobs) Representing the pulse function at the OBS location.
And 5-3, combining the obtained U (x, z, t) and B (x, z, t) according to a formula to obtain an imaging result I (x, z), and obtaining an imaging section:
the result obtained by the formula (c) is the final result required by the invention.
From the above processing steps, the uplink waves in the OBS data are fully utilized, and the maximum utilization of the data is realized, so that the result of the combined imaging can be compared with the result of the independent imaging of the MCS data and the OBS data for comprehensive interpretation. Meanwhile, fusing OBS data and MCS data during imaging requires fewer steps and less hypothetical conditions than re-fusing after imaging.
The following description is given as an example. As shown in fig. 3, a Marmousi model is used and finite differences are used to model seismic data, where the ordinate represents depth and the abscissa represents offset. And a total of 21 OBSs are arranged, and simultaneously receive signals after the seismic source is excited with the marine surface streamer. The MCS data acquired by multiple seismic channels of the surface streamer are shown in fig. 4, where the ordinate represents time and the abscissa represents the trace. The OBS data collected is shown in fig. 5, where the ordinate represents time, the abscissa represents trace, and the OBS data includes up-going waves and down-going waves. As can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, MCS data is more frequent, as represented by the finer seismic axis, while OBS data is less frequent, as represented by the coarser seismic axis. The wavefield separation is performed on the OBS data, and the resulting upgoing wave is shown in fig. 6. Fig. 7 is the upgoing data arranged in common shots. Fig. 8 shows the result of the separate imaging according to the MCS data and the OBS data, respectively, where part (a) shows the result of the separate imaging according to the MCS data, and part (b) shows the result of the separate imaging according to the OBS data, and it can also be seen from fig. 8 that the OBS imaging result is rich in low frequency. The upgoing wave data and the MCS data arranged at the shots are used as input data of the joint imaging to perform imaging processing, and the joint imaging result is as shown in part (b) in fig. 9, and part (a) in fig. 9 is a single imaging result according to the MCS data, and the upgoing wave data and the MCS data are put together for comparison. As can be seen from fig. 9, the effect of the combined imaging is better than that of the single imaging, and the resolution is higher.
As shown in fig. 10, the present invention also provides a processing terminal 100, which includes:
a memory 101 for storing program instructions;
a processor 102 for executing the program instructions to perform the steps of the OBS and surface streamer seismic data joint imaging method.
The embodiments disclosed in this description are only an exemplification of the single-sided characteristics of the invention, and the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any other functionally equivalent embodiments fall within the scope of protection of the invention. Various other changes and modifications to the above-described embodiments and concepts will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the above description, and all such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. An OBS and sea surface streamer seismic data combined imaging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: obtaining original OBS data and MCS data and respectively recording the data as d'obs(xs,xobs,zobsT) and d'mcs(xs,xg,t)，xsCoordinates representing the shot point, xgCoordinates, x, representing receivers on the surface streamerobsTransverse coordinate, z, representing OBSobsLongitudinal coordinates representing the OBS;
step 2: to d'mcs(xs,xgT) preprocessing to obtain MCS data d with high signal-to-noise ratiomcs(xs,xgT), then, according to dmcs(xs,xgT) extracting seismic wavelets w (t), for dmcs(xs,xgT) speed of the offsetAnalyzing to obtain an offset velocity model v (x, z);
and step 3: to d'obs(xs,xobs,zobsT) preprocessing to obtain OBS data d with high signal-to-noise ratioobs(xs,xobs,zobs,t)；
And 4, step 4: to dobs(xs,xobs,zobsAnd t) carrying out wave field separation to obtain uplink waves of the OBS data, and arranging the uplink waves according to the shot points to obtain uplink wave data of a common shot point domain, which is marked as Uobs(xs,xobs,zobs,t)；
And 5: will dmcs(xs,xg,t)、Uobs(xs,xobs,zobsT), v (x, z) and w (t) are taken as input data of imaging to carry out imaging processing to obtain an imaging result,
the specific implementation process of the step 5 comprises the following steps:
step 5-1: using the seismic wavelets w (t) as a seismic source, and forming a forward propagation wave field, wherein the forward propagation wave field is constrained by a formula (i), and a wave field U (x, z, t) is obtained:
in the formula, TmaxRepresenting the maximum time of seismic recording, delta (x-x)s) Representing the impulse function at the location of the shot point, x representing the x-axis direction, z representing the z-axis direction, and t representing time;
step 5-2: u shapeobs(xs,xobs,zobsAnd t) is taken as a seismic source, a backward propagation wave field is formed, the backward propagation wave field is constrained by a formula II, and a wave field B (x, z, t) is obtained:
in the formula, delta (x-x)g) Representing the pulse function at the detector position, delta (x-x)obs,z-zobs) Representing a pulse function at the OBS location;
and 5-3, combining the obtained U (x, z, t) and B (x, z, t) according to a formula to obtain an imaging result I (x, z):
the result obtained by the formula (c) is the final result.
2. The OBS and surface streamer seismic data joint imaging method of claim 1, wherein in step 1, the raw OBS data and MCS data are seismic data acquired simultaneously by the OBS and surface streamers.
3. The method for simultaneous imaging of OBS and surface streamer seismic data as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pairs d'mcs(xs,xgAnd t) carrying out preprocessing, including observation system definition, noise attenuation, multiple attenuation and ghost processing.
4. The method for simultaneous imaging of OBS and surface streamer seismic data as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pairs d'obs(xs,xobs,zobsAnd t) performing preprocessing including clock drift correction, relocation, observation system definition and noise attenuation.
5. The OBS and surface streamer seismic data correlation imaging method of claim 1, wherein said pair d is accomplished using a PZ merge methodobs(xs,xobs,zobsAnd t) performing wave field separation.
6. A processing terminal, characterized in that it comprises:
a memory for storing program instructions;
a processor for executing said program instructions to perform the steps of the OBS and surface streamer seismic data co-imaging method as claimed in any one of claims 1-5.
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