CN115647523A - Welding seam tracking device for controlling TIG welding arc form based on longitudinal magnetic field - Google Patents
Welding seam tracking device for controlling TIG welding arc form based on longitudinal magnetic field Download PDFInfo
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- CN115647523A CN115647523A CN202211243749.XA CN202211243749A CN115647523A CN 115647523 A CN115647523 A CN 115647523A CN 202211243749 A CN202211243749 A CN 202211243749A CN 115647523 A CN115647523 A CN 115647523A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of welding automation, in particular to a welding seam tracking device for controlling an arc form of TIG welding based on a longitudinal magnetic field. The invention aims to control the rotation of charged particles by controlling a longitudinal magnetic field and then acquire the deviation between a welding gun and a welding seam by comparing voltage values. The method is simple to operate and accurate in weld joint tracking. The system comprises a tungsten electrode welding gun, a support, a gear, an excitation coil, an outer sleeve, an inner sleeve, a bearing, a Hall sensor, a computer, a common emitter amplification circuit device and the like. The device has the advantages of simple structure, real-time performance, high efficiency and high welding seam tracking precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of welding automation, in particular to a welding seam tracking device for controlling TIG welding arc form based on a longitudinal magnetic field.
Background
Tungsten inert gas arc welding (TIG welding for short) is an arc welding method using pure tungsten or activated tungsten (such as thorium tungsten, cerium tungsten, etc.) as non-melting electrode and inert gas (such as argon, helium, etc.) as shielding gas, and is widely used in modern industry. But the TIG welding depth has low productive efficiency. In order to improve the TIG welding efficiency, effective methods such as active agent TIG welding (a-TIG), ultrasonic TIG welding (U-TIG), hot wire TIG welding, high speed TIG welding and the like are adopted, and the medium speed TIG welding adopts a method of improving the welding speed to improve the welding efficiency, and the welding speed is generally more than 1 m/min. However, the increase of the welding speed leads to lag of anode spots of the TIG arc, and the arc is dragged backwards, thereby generating welding defects such as undercut, hump and the like. The higher the welding speed, the more severe the arc trailing, and the more severe the undercut and the poor formation. How to solve these existing problems becomes a key technology for realizing high-speed TIG welding.
The magnetic field welding technology is a novel welding technology developed in recent years, an external magnetic field is acted on an electric arc in the welding process, the motion form of charged particles in the electric arc and the electric arc form are influenced, the molten drop transition process is further influenced, the flowing of metal in a molten pool, the formation and the growth of crystal grains are obviously influenced, the primary structure of a welding line can be refined, the nonuniformity of chemical components is reduced, the formation of welding line air holes and cracks is reduced, and the quality of a welding joint and the welding production efficiency are effectively improved.
The magnetic field has the characteristics of simple auxiliary device, low investment cost, high efficiency, low energy consumption and the like, and can obviously improve the welding quality. Therefore, the method for controlling the welding process by using the external magnetic field has wide application prospect and important research value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to control the rotation of charged particles by controlling a longitudinal magnetic field and then acquire the deviation between a welding gun and a welding seam by comparing voltage values. The method is simple to operate and accurate in weld joint tracking. The system comprises a tungsten electrode welding gun, a support, a gear, an excitation coil, an outer sleeve, an inner sleeve, a bearing, a Hall sensor, a computer, a common emitter amplification circuit device and the like. Simple structure, the welding seam tracking precision is high.
The welding seam tracking device based on the longitudinal magnetic field to control the arc shape of TIG welding is characterized in that: the system generates a required magnetic field by a longitudinal magnetic field generating device, and the magnetic field generating device provides stable exciting current for an exciting coil by a direct current power supply. The voltage signal is amplified by a common emitter amplifying circuit. One end of the Hall sensor is connected to the welding gun, and the other end of the Hall sensor is connected to the workpiece. The amplified arc voltage signal is extracted by the Hall sensor, and the position of the welding gun is continuously adjusted through computer analysis and processing, so that the welding gun is aligned to the center position of the welding seam.
The specific method comprises the following steps:
the welding gun and the magnet exciting coil are fixed by the bracket, and an external sleeve is added on the whole device to avoid the damage of sparks, splashing and the like to the detection device in the welding process. The exciting coil is supplied with stable exciting current by a direct current power supply, and the exciting coil wound on the inner sleeve is electrified, so that a longitudinal magnetic field is generated. When the tungsten electrode welding gun starts to work, the 1-motor is electrified, the 2-gear is driven to rotate, and the 7-iron core and the inner sleeve are connected together through the 8-connecting bearing, so that the 7-iron core starts to rotate around the magnet exciting coil from the left side, and a longitudinal magnetic field penetrating through the left half part of the electric arc is generated. Amplifying the voltage signal by a common emitter amplifying circuit, and acquiring an arc voltage value U according to the Hall sensor 1 . Similarly, when the 7-core is rotated to the right of the field coil, a longitudinal magnetic field is generated across the right half of the arc. Amplifying the voltage signal by a common emitter amplifying circuit, and acquiring an arc voltage value U according to the Hall sensor 2 . Therefore, the device can change the voltage value by rotating the iron core to break the balance existing between the longitudinal magnetic fields originally existing in the welding process. Aiming at the shape of the groove of the welding line shape, the U is put in 1 And U 2 And (4) inputting the values into a computer, obtaining left and right deviations of the welding line according to the comparison of the sizes of the U1 and the U2, adjusting the position of the welding gun, and realizing real-time welding line tracking.
The invention has the advantages that:
the whole welding seam tracking device is simple in structure and strong in operability. The 4-inner sleeve is made of ceramic material because the ceramic has the characteristics of good high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, excellent insulating property, high hardness and the like. And to avoid damage to the external sensing device by sparks, splashes, generated during welding, a 3-outer sleeve was added to the device. Compared with the traditional welding seam tracking system, the system is simpler in data processing, the longitudinal magnetic fields on the left side and the right side of the electric arc can be controlled independently through the rotating 7-iron core on the basis of the longitudinal magnetic fields, and accurate tracking of the welding seam is achieved based on signal amplification of the common emitter circuit, signal extraction of the Hall sensor and computer signal processing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an overall architecture diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an internal view of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-motor, 2-gear, 3-external sleeve, 4-internal sleeve, 5-tungsten electrode welding gun, 6-key groove, 7-iron core, 8-connecting bearing, 9-magnet exciting coil and 10-rolling bearing.
Detailed Description
In order to better express the technical scheme and the beneficial results of the invention, the invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The system structure diagram of the welding seam tracking device based on the longitudinal magnetic field control TIG welding arc form is shown in figure 2, and the welding seam tracking device mainly solves the problems of complex structure, inaccurate positioning and the like of a welding seam tracking system. The system is characterized by comprising a support, a welding gun, an excitation coil, a sensor protection device, a voltage sensor, a common emitter circuit device and a computer. The welding gun and the magnet exciting coil are fixed together through the support, so that the welding gun can move along with the position of a welding seam, and the surface of a workpiece can be scanned. One end of the Hall sensor is connected with the welding gun, and the other end of the Hall sensor is connected with the workpiece, so that a welding seam voltage signal can be conveniently extracted. The Hall sensor is connected with a computer, so that voltage signals can be conveniently processed, and welding line deviation can be extracted. According to the invention, the longitudinal magnetic fields at the left side and the right side of the electric arc can be controlled in real time through the rotating iron core in the welding process, so that the welding seam tracking effect is more accurate, and the system structure is simpler and more efficient.
The charged particles in the welding arc include electrons, positive ions and negative ions, while the electrons and positive ions play a critical role. When no magnetic field is applied, the charged particles produce directional motion due to their own longitudinal electric field, transverse (radial) electric field, and concentration difference during the welding process. When a longitudinal magnetic field is applied, the charged particles start to move in a circle with radius r centered on the arc axis because the directional motion component of the charged particles (analyzed by taking electrons as an example, the motion form of positive ions is just opposite to that of electrons) in the arc is acted on by the magnetic field to generate lorentz force, and the lorentz force provides a centripetal force.
The centripetal force of the electrons doing circular motion in the magnetic field is provided by the Lorentz force borne by the electrons, so a rotation radius calculation formula of the electrons doing circular motion in the magnetic field can be deduced according to the formulas (2) and (3), and the formula (4) is shown.
a＝v 2 /r (1)
F＝ma＝mv 2 /r (2)
F＝qvB (3)
r＝mv/qB (4)
In the formula, a is acceleration; r is the radius of rotation; f is Lorentz force; m is the mass of the electron; v is the electron directional motion velocity component; q is the charge amount of electrons; and B is magnetic induction intensity.
As can be seen from equation (4), since the lorentz force does not work, the velocity of the electrons does not change, and thus the electron rotation radius r is inversely proportional to the magnetic induction B. Therefore, as the magnetic induction increases, the radius of rotation decreases and the degree of arc column contraction increases.
1) When no magnetic field is applied, the arc column is conical and has no rotary motion.
2) Under the action of an external magnetic field, the arc column is in a contraction state and rotates clockwise; as the intensity of the magnetic field increases, the degree of shrinkage of the arc column increases.
3) Under the action of an external longitudinal magnetic field, the rotating radius of the electric arc is inversely proportional to the magnetic induction intensity.
When an external constant longitudinal magnetic field is applied, the high-speed drift rotation motion increases the distance that the arc conducts current, which is actually equivalent to increasing the arc length, because the charged particles in the welding arc rotate at high speed. Thus, as the magnetic induction of the applied longitudinal magnetic field increases, the arc voltage will increase. Under the action of an external constant longitudinal magnetic field, the welding arc rotates at a high speed, so that the cooling effect of surrounding gas media on the arc is enhanced, the electric field intensity of an arc column is increased, and the arc voltage is also increased.
Example (b): the welding gun attitude adjustment process is specifically described.
The exciting coil is supplied with stable exciting current by a direct current power supply, and the exciting coil wound on the inner sleeve is electrified, so that a longitudinal magnetic field is generated. When the tungsten electrode welding gun starts to work, the 1-motor is electrified, the 2-gear is driven to rotate, and the 7-iron core and the inner sleeve are connected together through the 8-connecting bearing, so that the 7-iron core starts to rotate around the magnet exciting coil from the left side, and a longitudinal magnetic field penetrating through the left half part of the electric arc is generated. Amplifying the voltage signal by a common emitter amplifying circuit, and acquiring an arc voltage value U according to a voltage sensor 1 . Similarly, when the 7-core is rotated to the right of the field coil, a longitudinal magnetic field is generated across the right half of the arc. Amplifying the voltage signal by a common emitter amplifying circuit, and acquiring an arc voltage value U according to a voltage sensor 2 。
The iron core starts to perform circular motion around the excitation coil from the left side to the right side, the longitudinal magnetic field at the side of the iron core is influenced, the magnetic field strength is increased, the voltage signal is amplified through the common emitter amplifying circuit, and the amplified arc voltage value U is obtained according to the Hall sensor 1 . When the iron core moves to the right side under the driving of the motorThe voltage signal is amplified by a common emitter amplifying circuit, and the arc voltage U is obtained according to the voltage sensor 2 . Will U 1 And U 2 Contrast, if U 1 <U 2 The welding gun is on the left side of the welding seam, wherein the motion trail of the arc particles on the right side is longer, so that the voltage on the right side of the arc is larger. If U is 1 >U 2 And the welding gun is positioned on the right side of the welding seam.
When U is turned 1 <U 2 And the welding gun is positioned on the left side of the welding seam, and the welding gun needs to be moved to the right at the moment. When U is turned 1 >U 2 And the welding gun is positioned on the right side of the welding seam, and the welding gun needs to move left at the moment. Measured U after each movement 1 And U 2 Inputting the data into a computer for data analysis and processing, and continuously adjusting the voltage on the two sides of the arc to be equal. When U is turned 1 ＝U 2 At the moment, the working point of the welding gun is optimal, and the welding seam forming effect is optimal.
Claims (2)
1. Welding seam tracking means based on vertical magnetic field control TIG welds electric arc form, the system structure is complicated among the mainly used solution welding seam tracking, fixes a position not accurate scheduling problem, its characterized in that: the system comprises a tungsten electrode welding gun, a support, a gear, an excitation coil, an outer sleeve, an inner sleeve, a bearing, a connecting sleeve, a Hall sensor, a computer, a sensor protection device and a common emitter amplifying circuit device. The tungsten electrode welding gun penetrates through the inner sleeve, the excitation coil is wound on the inner sleeve and fixed together through the bearing, the tungsten electrode welding gun is convenient to move along with the position of a welding seam, the surface of a workpiece is scanned, and the excitation coil power supply adopts a direct-current power supply. The iron core is connected with the inner sleeve through the connecting bearing, and the iron core is driven to rotate around the excitation coil through the motor when a workpiece is welded, so that the balance of a longitudinal magnetic field generated by the excitation coil is broken, and a voltage signal around a welding seam is extracted conveniently.
2. A seam tracking device based on longitudinal magnetic field control TIG welding arc shape according to claim 1, wherein the exciting coil is supplied with stable exciting current by a DC power supply, and the inner sleeve is sleevedThe excitation coil wound on the drum is energized, which will generate a longitudinal magnetic field. When the tungsten electrode welding gun starts to work, the 1-motor is electrified, the 2-gear is driven to rotate, and the 7-iron core and the inner sleeve are connected together through the 8-connecting bearing, so that the 7-iron core starts to rotate around the magnet exciting coil from the left side, and a longitudinal magnetic field penetrating through the left half part of the electric arc is generated. Amplifying the voltage signal by a common emitter amplifying circuit, and acquiring an arc voltage value U according to the Hall sensor 1 . Similarly, when the 7-core is rotated to the right of the field coil, a longitudinal magnetic field is generated across the right half of the arc. Amplifying the voltage signal by a common emitter amplifying circuit, and acquiring an arc voltage value U according to the Hall sensor 2 . Therefore, the device can change the voltage value by rotating the iron core to break the balance existing between the longitudinal magnetic fields originally existing in the welding process. Then aiming at the shape of the weld groove, and then combining U 1 And U 2 And (4) inputting the values into a computer, obtaining left and right deviations of the welding line according to the comparison of the sizes of the U1 and the U2, adjusting the position of the welding gun, and realizing real-time welding line tracking.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211243749.XA CN115647523A (en) | 2022-10-11 | 2022-10-11 | Welding seam tracking device for controlling TIG welding arc form based on longitudinal magnetic field |
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| CN202211243749.XA CN115647523A (en) | 2022-10-11 | 2022-10-11 | Welding seam tracking device for controlling TIG welding arc form based on longitudinal magnetic field |
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| CN202211243749.XA Pending CN115647523A (en) | 2022-10-11 | 2022-10-11 | Welding seam tracking device for controlling TIG welding arc form based on longitudinal magnetic field |
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