CN109759686B - Resistance spot welding method under action of controllable rotating magnetic field - Google Patents
Resistance spot welding method under action of controllable rotating magnetic field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A resistance spot welding method under the action of a controllable rotating magnetic field belongs to the technical field of welding. The invention solves the defects of low strength and thick structure of the resistance spot welding spot and the problems that the direction of a magnetic field of the magnetic control resistance spot welding is not parallel to a workpiece and the stirring action of the Lorentz force generated under the action of the magnetic field depends on the conduction current. The method comprises the following specific steps: clamping and fixing a welding workpiece; adjusting welding parameters of the resistance welding machine; when the welding system is started, the magnetic field generating device is turned on, and the frequency, the intensity and the phase of the three-phase excitation alternating current are set; checking the air pressure system and determining a welding position; starting the magnetic field generating device and sending a signal to the welding system; the welding system monitors signals of the magnetic field monitoring system; starting a welding system to weld; and after the welding process is finished, the electrode tip is lifted, and the magnetic field generating device is closed. The invention can be used for resistance spot welding of metal plates in the industrial field, the grain refining effect of the welded joint nugget area is obvious, the tensile strength is improved, and the welding quality is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a resistance spot welding method, in particular to a resistance spot welding method under the action of a controllable rotating magnetic field, and belongs to the technical field of welding.
Background
Resistance spot welding is a conventional welding method which is widely used for welding vehicle structures, but in the actual resistance welding process, the following problems exist:
1) small welding area, fast cooling speed of the nugget area, large crystal grains,
2) and large internal stress exists, so that the mechanical property of the joint is relatively poor.
In order to solve the problems, the electromagnetic stirring principle in the metallurgical industry is developed to the resistance spot welding process by the inspiration of electromagnetic metallurgy, and the nugget area of the resistance spot welding joint can be stirred. Meanwhile, inspired by the principle that a pole-displaying type or consequent pole type winding on a stator coil of a motor can generate a rotating magnetic field, the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator coil winding of the motor is applied to the resistance spot welding process, and by utilizing the non-uniformity and non-timeliness in the welding spot solidification process, the dendritic crystal or nucleation which is solidified first and the rotating magnetic field generate relative motion, so that induction current is generated inside the welding spot, the induction current is acted by the rotating magnetic field, and electromagnetic force in the same direction as the rotating direction of the magnetic field is generated according to the left-hand rule. Thereby congeal the dendrite earlier and produce relative motion with the inside metal liquid of solder joint under the effect of this electromagnetic force and be stirred, broken dendrite to a certain extent makes the solidification structure even to form the comparatively good resistance spot welding joint of performance, and then make joint tensile strength obtain improving, the microstructure obtains improving. Meanwhile, the rotation direction, the rotation frequency and the magnetic field intensity of the rotating magnetic field generated by the display type or consequent pole type winding are respectively determined by the phase, the frequency and the magnitude of the three-phase alternating current introduced into the winding, so the motion form of the magnetic field can be manually regulated and controlled.
Shenqi, Zhang Qidian and the like research the mechanism of high-strength steel magnetic control resistance spot welding, discuss the optimal application direction and distribution mode of an external magnetic field, and build a magnetic control resistance spot welding prototype experiment platform; the research finds that when the external magnetic field is parallel to the plane of the welded workpiece, Lorentz force is generated on the magnetic fluid in the nugget area, and then an electromagnetic stirring effect is generated. However, the devices chosen in the paper to generate magnetic fields have certain limitations:
1) the magnetic field device is selected as a permanent magnet, and the magnetic field intensity and the direction are not changed;
2) the generation of the lorentz force depends on the conduction current, and the magnetic field has little effect on the nugget liquid metal in the solidification process after the energization process is finished.
The invention discloses a magnetic control resistance spot welding method and device, and particularly provides a magnetic control resistance spot welding method and device which are used for realizing the coordination control of an external magnetic field and welding current, effectively improving the comprehensive mechanical property of a resistance spot welding joint and having a wide application range. An alternating magnetic field is generated by exciting coils positioned above and below the electrode tip, and the exciting coils are solenoid coils with iron cores. The excitation coil polarity that arranges is opposite, and the magnetic field direction is on a parallel with the work piece direction, and the alternating magnetic field that produces through last lower coil stirs the welding point molten metal, and it leads to the principle of nugget stirring the same with the permanent magnet, improves and makes magnetic field intensity adjustable, has reduced frock clamp's interference simultaneously, nevertheless still has following limitation:
1) the stirring effect of the Lorentz force generated under the action of the magnetic field depends on the conduction current, and the stirring effect under the action of the magnetic field is very small in the nugget solidification stage after the electrified welding process is finished;
2) the motion mode of the magnetic field is single, the magnetic field is paved on the surface of a workpiece in a radial mode, and the magnetic field cannot rotate, and the size, the direction and the frequency of the rotation cannot be regulated.
Therefore, how to generate a magnetic field with a magnetic field direction parallel to the surface of the workpiece without depending on the conduction current in the resistance spot welding process, and the magnetic field strength, direction and magnitude can be adjusted manually, which has become a technical bottleneck to be broken through in the welding field.
Disclosure of Invention
The following presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. It should be understood that this summary is not an exhaustive overview of the invention. It is not intended to determine the key or critical elements of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is discussed later.
In view of the above, the invention aims to solve the defects that the strength of a resistance spot welding spot is low and the structure is thick, and the magnetic field direction of the magnetic control resistance spot welding is not parallel to a workpiece, and the stirring action of the lorentz force generated under the action of the magnetic field depends on the conduction current, and further designs a resistance spot welding method under the action of a controllable rotating magnetic field, wherein the rotating magnetic field with controllable speed, strength and direction is generated by three-phase alternating current and further acts on a joint in the resistance spot welding process.
The scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a resistance spot welding method under the action of a controllable rotating magnetic field comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: clamping and fixing a workpiece to be welded by using a welding tool fixture, positioning the position of a welding point, and enabling welding current to flow through the workpiece from the end face of an electrode longitudinally in the welding process;
step two: adjusting welding parameters of the resistance welding machine, presetting welding current and welding time, and starting cooling water circulation;
step three: when a welding system is started, a magnetic field generating device is started, the frequency, the strength and the phase of excitation three-phase alternating current are set, three-phase alternating current is introduced into a stator coil wound with a three-phase winding, a rotating magnetic field is generated around a welding point, and the distribution state and the motion condition of the magnetic field are checked in a simulation mode;
step four: checking an air pressure system, presetting welding air pressure, carrying out pressure test to eliminate errors, and determining a welding position;
step five: starting a magnetic field generating device, monitoring whether a magnetic field is generated in the electrode tip region by a magnetic field detection system, if so, sending a digital signal 01 to a welding system, and if not, sending a signal 10 to the welding system;
step six: monitoring a signal of the magnetic field monitoring system by the welding system, if the signal is 01, allowing the electrode tip to be electrified, and if the signal is 10, returning to the step three, namely adjusting parameters of the magnetic field generating device;
step seven: starting a welding system, welding, pressing a welding point of a workpiece, generating resistance heat at the welding point by conducting current to melt metal at the welding point, generating relative motion between a rotating magnetic field acting on the welding point and molten metal at the moment, taking liquid metal particles as a continuous electric conductor, then cutting the molten metal by magnetic flux of the rotating magnetic field to generate induced electromotive force in the molten metal, generating current in the molten metal under the action of the electromotive force, enabling the current to interact with the rotating magnetic field to generate electromagnetic force, driving the molten metal at the welding point to do circumferential rotating motion, generating the electromagnetic stirring action, enabling the rotating magnetic field to interact with the conducting current to generate Lorentz force in the molten metal, and stirring the molten metal in a nugget area under the action of the Lorentz force in the welding process;
step eight: the electrode tip is lifted up, the conduction current is removed, after the electric welding is finished, the rotating magnetic field continuously acts on the whole stage of the molten metal solidification process, the dendritic crystal which is solidified firstly is under the action of the rotating magnetic field, the relative motion still occurs under the action of the electromagnetic force, the molten metal solidification process of the nugget region carries out final stirring under the action of the magnetic field force, and after the welding is finished, the magnetic field generating device is closed.
The application of the rotating magnetic field can be applied in the process of the power-on welding of the resistance spot welding machine, and can also act on a welding spot area when the pressure of a workpiece is maintained after the welding is finished, so that the magnetic field intensity can be adjusted, the rotating frequency and the rotating direction of the rotating magnetic field can be adjusted, and the rotating magnetic field has larger freedom.
Further: and step four, pressure testing is carried out for 2-3 times to eliminate errors. The accuracy of the welding position is ensured.
Further: the thickness of the welding workpiece is 0.5-8.0 mm. The welding material is suitable for welding metal plates in the industrial field, and is suitable for spot welding of high-strength steel of automobiles, welding of the same kind of metal and welding of dissimilar metal.
Further: welding current is 0.4-2.5 KA, electrode pressure is 0.1-0.6 MPa, and welding time is 5-30 cyc.
Further: the rotation speed, intensity and direction of the rotating magnetic field are controlled by controlling the frequency, intensity and phase of the three-phase alternating current.
The invention achieves the following effects:
aiming at the defects of unsatisfactory welding spot quality in the traditional resistance spot welding process and the existing magnetic control resistance spot welding method, the invention designs the resistance spot welding method in which a rotating magnetic field under the drive of three alternating currents acts on the resistance spot welding process, and the structure appearance and the mechanical property of a joint are improved through the stirring action of the rotating magnetic field on molten metal in a welding nucleus area.
Firstly, the stator coil on the motor is combined with the resistance spot welding machine, three-phase alternating current is introduced into the stator coil wound with three-phase windings, a rotating magnetic field is further generated around a welding point, and the rotating speed, the intensity and the rotating direction of the rotating magnetic field can be changed by changing the frequency, the intensity and the phase of the three-phase alternating current.
Secondly, when the welding process starts, the welding point of the workpiece is pressed, resistance heat is generated at the welding point through the conducted current to melt metal at the welding point, the rotating magnetic field acting on the welding point and the molten metal generate relative motion, and the liquid metal particles can be regarded as continuous electric conductors.
Next, the magnetic flux of the rotating magnetic field cuts the molten metal (electric conductor), thereby generating an induced electromotive force in the molten metal. The direction of the electromotive force is determined by the right-hand rule.
And thirdly, under the action of electromotive force, current is generated in the molten metal. The current interacts with the rotating magnetic field to generate electromagnetic force, so as to drive the molten metal at the welding point to do circumferential rotation motion, and generate the effect of electromagnetic stirring. Meanwhile, the interaction of the rotating magnetic field and the conduction current generates Lorentz force in the metal liquid, and the stirring effect is more obvious after the Lorentz force is superposed with the electromagnetic force.
And finally, after welding is finished, removing the conduction current, continuously acting the rotating magnetic field on the whole stage of the molten metal solidification process, and enabling the dendritic crystal which is solidified firstly to still generate relative motion under the action of the electromagnetic force under the action of the rotating magnetic field. Therefore, the rotating magnetic field can effectively crush the dendritic crystal in the solidification process, so that the grain is refined, the heat conduction is uniform, and the plasticity, the toughness and the strength of the welding spot are increased.
Specifically, the present invention has the following advantages:
1. the direction of the magnetic field is parallel to the workpiece to be welded, and the effect of the magnetic field is obvious;
2. the direction of the magnetic field continuously rotates and changes, the stirring effect of the magnetic field on the molten metal is the superposition of the magnetic field force and the Lorentz force, and the effect is more obvious;
3. the direction of the magnetic field continuously rotates and changes, spontaneous relative motion is generated between the magnetic field and molten metal in a nugget area, the action mode does not depend on conduction current in the welding process, and the welding point can be influenced in the welding process and after the welding is finished;
4. the rotating frequency and the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field can be adjusted by adjusting the frequency, the intensity and the phase of the three-phase current, and the welding device is suitable for the welding process under various conditions.
5. The invention is especially suitable for resistance spot welding of metal plates in the industrial field, the grain refining effect of a welded joint nugget area is obvious, the tensile strength is improved, and the welding quality is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of rotating field resistance spot welding;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the generation of a rotating magnetic field.
In the figure: 1-spot welding electrode; 2-a field coil; 3-a metal plate; 4-magnetic induction line direction.
Detailed Description
In the interest of clarity and conciseness, not all features of an actual implementation are described in the specification. It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the device structures and/or processing steps closely related to the solution according to the present invention are shown in the application document, and other details not closely related to the present invention are omitted.
Example (b): the resistance spot welding method under the action of the controllable rotating magnetic field according to the present embodiment is further explained with reference to fig. 1 and fig. 2:
firstly: for different welding conditions, different welding tool fixtures are used for clamping and fixing a workpiece to be welded, the fixtures are required to be capable of positioning the welding point position, and welding current is ensured to flow through the welding workpiece from the end face of an electrode longitudinally in the welding process;
secondly, the method comprises the following steps: adjusting welding parameters of the resistance welding machine, presetting welding current and welding time, and starting cooling water circulation;
and thirdly: when a welding system is started, a magnetic field generating device is turned on, the frequency, the intensity and the phase of excitation three-phase alternating current are set, and the distribution state and the motion condition of a magnetic field are checked in a simulation mode;
and thirdly: checking an air pressure system, presetting welding air pressure, carrying out pressure testing for 2-3 times to eliminate errors, and determining a welding position;
and thirdly: starting a magnetic field generating device, monitoring whether a magnetic field is generated in the electrode tip region by a magnetic field detection system, if so, sending a digital signal 01 to a welding system, and if not, sending a signal 10 to the welding system;
and thirdly: the welding system monitors a signal of the magnetic field monitoring system, if the signal is 01, the electrode tip is allowed to be electrified, and if the signal is 10, the signal returns to the magnetic field generating device to adjust parameters;
and thirdly: starting a welding system to perform a welding process, wherein molten metal in a nugget area is stirred under the action of Lorentz force in the welding process; after the power-on welding is finished, the molten metal in the nugget area is finally stirred under the action of magnetic field force in the solidification process;
and thirdly: and after the welding process is finished, the electrode head is lifted, and the rotating magnetic field generator is closed.
Wherein the application time of the rotating magnetic field acts on the whole welding process and the solidification process of the metal of the welding spot.
Wherein, the magnetic field intensity and the rotation frequency of the rotating magnetic field can be adjusted according to actual needs.
Wherein, the thickness of the welding workpiece is between 0.5 mm and 8.0 mm.
The welding material is suitable for spot welding of high-strength steel of automobiles, welding of the same metal and welding of dissimilar metal.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. A resistance spot welding method under the action of a controllable rotating magnetic field is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: clamping and fixing a workpiece to be welded by using a welding tool fixture, positioning the position of a welding point, and enabling welding current to flow through the workpiece from the end face of an electrode longitudinally in the welding process;
step two: adjusting welding parameters of the resistance welding machine, presetting welding current and welding time, and starting cooling water circulation;
step three: combining a stator coil on a motor with a resistance spot welding machine, when a welding system is started, opening a magnetic field generating device, setting the frequency, the strength and the phase of excitation three-phase alternating current, introducing three-phase alternating current to the stator coil wound with a three-phase winding, further generating a rotating magnetic field around a welding spot, wherein the direction of the magnetic field is parallel to a workpiece to be welded, and checking the distribution state and the motion condition of the magnetic field in a simulation mode; the rotating speed, the intensity and the rotating direction of the rotating magnetic field are changed by changing the frequency, the intensity and the phase of the three-phase alternating current;
step four: checking an air pressure system, presetting welding air pressure, carrying out pressure test to eliminate errors, and determining a welding position;
step five: starting a magnetic field generating device, monitoring whether a magnetic field is generated in the electrode tip region by a magnetic field detection system, if so, sending a digital signal 01 to a welding system, and if not, sending a signal 10 to the welding system;
step six: monitoring a signal of the magnetic field monitoring system by the welding system, if the signal is 01, allowing the electrode tip to be electrified, and if the signal is 10, returning to the step three, namely adjusting parameters of the magnetic field generating device;
step seven: starting a welding system, welding, pressing a welding point of a workpiece, generating resistance heat at the welding point by conducting current to melt metal at the welding point, generating relative motion between a rotating magnetic field acting on the welding point and molten metal at the moment, taking liquid metal particles as a continuous electric conductor, then cutting the molten metal by magnetic flux of the rotating magnetic field to generate induced electromotive force in the molten metal, generating current in the molten metal under the action of the electromotive force, enabling the current to interact with the rotating magnetic field to generate electromagnetic force, driving the molten metal at the welding point to do circumferential rotating motion, generating the electromagnetic stirring action, enabling the rotating magnetic field to interact with the conducting current to generate Lorentz force in the molten metal, and stirring the molten metal in a nugget area under the action of the Lorentz force in the welding process;
step eight: the electrode tip is lifted up, the conduction current is removed, after the electric welding is completed, the rotating magnetic field continuously acts on the whole stage of the molten metal solidification process, the dendritic crystal which is solidified firstly is under the action of the rotating magnetic field, the relative motion still occurs under the action of the electromagnetic force, the molten metal solidification process of the nugget region is subjected to final stirring under the action of the magnetic field force, after the welding is completed, the magnetic field generating device is closed, the direction of the magnetic field continuously rotates and changes, the spontaneous molten metal and the nugget region are melted to generate the relative motion, the action mode does not depend on the conduction current in the welding process, and the welding point is influenced in the welding process and after the welding is completed.
2. The resistance spot welding method under the action of the controllable rotating magnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step four, pressure testing is carried out for 2-3 times to eliminate errors.
3. The resistance spot welding method under the action of the controllable rotating magnetic field according to claim 2, characterized in that: the thickness of the welding workpiece is 0.5-8.0 mm.
4. A resistance spot welding method under the action of a controllable rotating magnetic field according to claim 3, characterized in that: welding current is 0.4-2.5 KA, electrode pressure is 0.1-0.6 MPa, and welding time is 5-30 cyc.
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