CN108161052B - Magnetic field auxiliary cylindrical turning equipment - Google Patents

Magnetic field auxiliary cylindrical turning equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108161052B
CN108161052B CN201810117228.7A CN201810117228A CN108161052B CN 108161052 B CN108161052 B CN 108161052B CN 201810117228 A CN201810117228 A CN 201810117228A CN 108161052 B CN108161052 B CN 108161052B
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turning
magnetic field
electromagnetic
workpiece
tool
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CN108161052A (en
Inventor
姜峰
言兰
艾建光
查旭明
郭必成
张丽彬
徐佳禄
尹纪博
王珂
曹亮
王福增
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Huaqiao University
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Huaqiao University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B39/00General-purpose boring or drilling machines or devices; Sets of boring and/or drilling machines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B47/00Constructional features of components specially designed for boring or drilling machines; Accessories therefor

Abstract

The invention discloses a magnetic field assisted excircle turning device, comprising: the excircle lathe comprises a lathe body, a clamp capable of being rotatably arranged on the lathe body, a main driving mechanism and a feeding seat capable of being slidably arranged on the lathe body; the on-line magnetizing device comprises an electromagnetic field generating device, wherein the electromagnetic field generating device comprises a hollow cylindrical electromagnetic coil wound by an enamelled wire, the electromagnetic field generating device is matched with a direct current power supply control system, the direct current power supply control system is connected with the electromagnetic coil, and the electromagnetic field generating device is arranged on a feeding seat, the axis of the electromagnetic coil is perpendicular to the axis of the rotation of the clamp, so that the contact area of the cutter mechanism and a workpiece is always in the magnetic field action area generated by the electromagnetic coil. It has the following advantages: by applying an electromagnetic field to a turning area in the traditional external turning process, the composite action of heat energy, mechanical energy and magnetic energy in the turning process is achieved, and the physical process of active magnetization and passive demagnetization and the external turning workpiece material removal assisted by the magnetic field are realized.

Description

Magnetic field auxiliary cylindrical turning equipment
Technical Field
The invention relates to excircle turning equipment, in particular to magnetic field assisted excircle turning equipment.
Background
The parts are often processed with ultimate dimensional accuracy and processed surface quality under certain process conditions, and research has found that it is difficult to effectively improve ultimate processing accuracy by simply relying on improvement and adjustment of tools, machine tools and process parameters. In this case, counteracting the negative effects caused by local high temperatures and large deformations of the material in the processing of the material by means of external energy fields is a new idea worth exploring. The energy field auxiliary processing method is a front edge and hot spot problem in the research of processing technology, and comprises a plurality of specific technological methods such as magnetic field auxiliary processing, ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing, ion beam auxiliary processing, plasma injection auxiliary processing, laser auxiliary processing and the like. The outstanding characteristics of the process methods are that the material removal is assisted or directly formed by inputting high-density external energy (magnetic, vibration, heat and light) into a processing area, so that a plurality of processing effects which are difficult to achieve by traditional processing are achieved, such as efficient removal of difficult-to-process materials, plastic removal of brittle materials, precise turning of diamond cutters of ferrous metals and the like. Among these processing methods, the magnetic field assisted processing is the earliest energy field assisted processing method, and compared with other energy field assisted processing, the magnetic field assisted processing has a series of advantages of low cost, simple operation, easy removal of an externally applied magnetic field, wide application range and the like. The possible advantageous effects of the magnetic field on the turning process are mainly manifested in the following aspects: 1. a magneto-cooling technique; the continuous external magnetization (active magnetization) and the turning heat demagnetization (passive demagnetization) can quickly and effectively carry away the turning heat of a turning area, reduce the local high temperature generated by the turning area, homogenize the temperature of the turning area and reduce the turning burn, the turning residual stress and the loss of a turning tool; 2. magnetically induced phase change; the microstructure of the magnetically permeable material may undergo a phase change or prevent the phase change from occurring under the action of a volumetric force caused by the magnetic field. 3. A magnetic field telescoping effect; the magnetic conductive material changes its size under the action of external magnetic field, resulting in strengthening of the material. By utilizing the magnetostriction effect, the rebound phenomenon in the metal removal process can be improved, the unexpected flow of the workpiece material can be controlled, and the effect of improving the metal removal rate can be possibly achieved. 4. The directional magnetic field enhances the capillary action of the turning liquid and improves the permeability of the turning liquid to the turning area. However, how to use magnetic energy fields to counteract or weaken negative effects such as high temperature, deterioration of processed surfaces and the like, and further realize efficient, directional and continuous application of magnetic fields in turning areas becomes a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides magnetic field assisted cylindrical turning equipment which overcomes the defects in the background art.
One of the adopted technical schemes for solving the technical problems is as follows:
magnetic field assisted outer circle turning apparatus comprising:
the excircle lathe comprises a lathe body, a clamp capable of being rotatably arranged on the lathe body, a main driving mechanism, a feeding seat capable of being slidably arranged on the lathe body, a secondary driving mechanism and a cutter mechanism, wherein the main driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the clamp to drive the clamp to rotate, the clamp is clamped with a workpiece, the secondary driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the feeding seat to drive the feeding seat to slide along the direction parallel to the rotation axis of the clamp, and the cutter mechanism is arranged on the feeding seat;
the on-line magnetizing device comprises an electromagnetic field generating device, wherein the electromagnetic field generating device comprises a hollow cylindrical electromagnetic coil wound by an enamelled wire, the electromagnetic field generating device is matched with a direct current power supply control system, the direct current power supply control system is connected with the electromagnetic coil, and the electromagnetic field generating device is arranged on a feeding seat, the axis of the electromagnetic coil is perpendicular to the axis of the rotation of the clamp, so that the contact area of the cutter mechanism and a workpiece is always in the magnetic field action area generated by the electromagnetic coil.
In one embodiment: the fixture comprises a three-jaw chuck which can be rotatably arranged on a lathe bed, and the three-jaw chuck is matched with a tailstock.
In one embodiment: the tool mechanism comprises a tool rest and a turning tool arranged on the tool rest, wherein the turning tool and the workpiece are made of at least one of high-speed steel materials and carbon steel materials.
In one embodiment: the direct current power supply control system adopts an adjustable direct current power supply control system.
In one embodiment: the electromagnetic field generating device comprises two electromagnetic coils, a pole, two pole heads and a magnetic yoke, wherein the magnetic yoke is fixedly connected to the feeding seat and is provided with an upright part and two cross rod parts which are fixedly connected to the upper end and the lower end of the upright part respectively and are arranged in parallel, the pole heads are fixedly connected to the cross rod parts positioned on the upper side, the two pole heads are fixedly connected to the opposite surfaces of the two cross rod parts, and the two electromagnetic coils are fixedly connected to the two pole heads; the rotation axis of the clamp is horizontally arranged, and the two electromagnetic coils are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the workpiece.
In one embodiment: the gap between the two polar heads can be adjusted along with the diameter of the workpiece.
In one embodiment: further comprises:
the three-dimensional dynamic force measuring instrument is fixedly arranged between the on-line magnetizing device and the feeding seat.
The second technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the processing method of the magnetic field assisted excircle turning equipment comprises the following steps:
step (1), installing a workpiece, and installing the workpiece on a clamp;
step (2), clamping and fixing the turning tool on a tool rest;
step (3), fixing an electromagnetic field generating device on a feeding seat, enabling a tool nose of a turning tool to be positioned at the center of two polar heads, and connecting an electrified lead of an electromagnetic coil with a direct current power supply control system;
step (4), tool setting and turning technological parameters are set, wherein the turning technological parameters comprise a turning tool feeding speed, a tool feeding amount and a workpiece linear speed;
step (5), switching on a direct-current power supply of an electromagnetic coil, providing a magnetic field for a turning area, starting an outer circle lathe, and enabling a turning tool and a feeding seat to move according to a preset machining mode and a track to start turning; the electromagnetic generating device and the turning tool move together to form a moving electromagnetic field, and meanwhile, the turning area on the surface of the processed workpiece is always acted by an auxiliary magnetic field; and recording data of the three-dimensional dynamic force measuring instrument to develop the research on the influence of the magnetic field on the turning process.
Compared with the background technology, the technical proposal has the following advantages:
the on-line magnetizing device comprises an electromagnetic field generating device, the electromagnetic field generating device comprises a hollow cylindrical electromagnetic coil wound by an enamelled wire, the electromagnetic field generating device is matched with a direct current power supply control system, the direct current power supply control system is connected with the electromagnetic coil, the electromagnetic field generating device is arranged on a feeding seat, the axis of the electromagnetic coil is perpendicular to the axis of the clamp rotation, so that the contact area of a cutter mechanism and a workpiece is always in the magnetic field action area generated by the electromagnetic coil, by applying an electromagnetic field to a turning area in the traditional cylindrical turning process, the combined action of heat energy, mechanical energy and magnetic energy in the turning process is achieved, the physical process of active magnetization and passive demagnetization and the magnetic field-assisted cylindrical turning workpiece material removal are realized, and the magnetic field generating device is small in size, easy to assemble and low in cost, and can generate and remove a magnetic field on line according to actual needs.
The device also comprises a three-dimensional dynamic dynamometer, wherein the three-dimensional dynamic dynamometer is fixedly arranged between the online magnetizing device and the feeding seat so as to measure and record turning signals, and the magnetic field auxiliary plane turning is realized on a processed workpiece by utilizing the data experimental study of the measurement record, so that theory and technical support are provided for the realization of the strong magnetic field auxiliary excircle turning process.
The direct current power supply control system adopts an adjustable direct current power supply control system, and can adjust the intensity of the magnetic field in real time.
The electromagnetic field generating device comprises two electromagnetic coils, a pole post, two pole heads and a magnetic yoke, wherein the magnetic yoke is fixedly connected to the feeding seat and is provided with an upright part and two transverse rod parts which are fixedly connected to the upper end and the lower end of the upright part respectively and are arranged in parallel, the pole post is fixedly connected to the transverse rod part at the upper side, the two pole heads are fixedly connected to the opposite surfaces of the two transverse rod parts, the two electromagnetic coils are fixedly connected to the two pole heads, the rotation axis of the clamp is horizontally arranged, the two electromagnetic coils are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of a workpiece, the magnetic field generating device is small and easy to assemble and low in cost, and the magnetic field can always act on the contact area of the workpiece and the turning tool, so that the effect is good.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is one of perspective views of a magnetic field assisted cylindrical turning apparatus according to this embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a second perspective view of the magnetic field assisted cylindrical turning apparatus according to the present embodiment.
Fig. 2-1 is an enlarged schematic view at a of fig. 2.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of the magnetic field assisted outer turning apparatus of this embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic field generating device of the magnetic field assisted cylindrical turning apparatus of this embodiment.
In the figure: 1-headstock, 2-power control system, 3-little layer board, 4-knife rest, 5-carriage, 6-three-jaw chuck, 7-electromagnetic field generating device, 8-lathe tool, 9-work piece, 10-three-way dynamic dynamometer, 11-tailstock, 12-lathe bed, 13-power line box, 14-fixing bolt, 15-utmost point post, 16-yoke, 17-upper coil, 18-upper utmost point head, 19-lower utmost point head, 20-lower coil.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the magnetic field assisted external turning apparatus includes an external turning lathe, an on-line magnetizing device and a three-way dynamic load cell 10.
The excircle lathe comprises a lathe body 12, a clamp rotatably arranged on the lathe body 12, a main driving mechanism, a feeding seat slidably arranged on the lathe body 12, a secondary driving mechanism and a cutter mechanism. The main driving mechanism is connected with the clamp in a transmission way so as to drive the clamp to rotate, and the clamp clamps the workpiece 9. The driven driving mechanism is connected with the feeding seat in a transmission way so as to drive the feeding seat to slide along the direction parallel to the rotation axis of the clamp, and the cutter mechanism is arranged on the feeding seat. In this embodiment: the fixture comprises a three-jaw chuck 6 rotatably arranged on a lathe bed 12, wherein the three-jaw chuck 6 is matched with a tailstock 11; the tool mechanism comprises a tool rest 4 and a turning tool 8 arranged on the tool rest 4, wherein the turning tool 8 and a workpiece 9 are made of at least one of high-speed steel materials and carbon steel materials with good electromagnetic performance; the main driving mechanism comprises a power mechanism and a speed reducing mechanism, wherein the power mechanism is connected with the clamp through the speed reducing mechanism in a transmission way, and the speed reducing mechanism is arranged in the spindle box 1; the feed seat is for example a slide carriage 5 in the figure. In a specific structure, if a horizontal lathe is used, the axis of the three-jaw chuck 6 is horizontally arranged, and the workpiece 9 is horizontally arranged.
The on-line magnetizing device comprises an electromagnetic field generating device 7, wherein the electromagnetic field generating device 7 comprises hollow cylindrical electromagnetic coils 17 and 20 wound by enamelled wires, the electromagnetic field generating device 7 is matched with a direct current power supply control system 2, the direct current power supply control system 2 is connected with the electromagnetic coils 17 and 20, the electromagnetic field generating device is arranged on a slide carriage 5, the axes of the electromagnetic coils 17 and 20 are perpendicular to the rotating axis of a three-jaw chuck 6, namely perpendicular to a workpiece 9, so that the contact area of a cutter mechanism and the workpiece is always in the magnetic field action area generated by the electromagnetic coils, and after the workpiece to be machined is clamped and fixed by the three-jaw chuck and is subjected to the action of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coils along with the high-speed rotating motion process of a main shaft, thereby achieving the purpose of assisting the external turning of the workpiece by the magnetic field. In this embodiment: the direct current power supply control system 2 adopts an adjustable direct current power supply control system; the electromagnetic field generating device comprises two electromagnetic coils 17, 20, a pole 15, two pole heads 18, 19, a magnetic yoke 16 and a power wire box 13, wherein the adjustable direct current power supply system 3 is connected with a lead wire in the power wire box 13 of the electromagnet so as to provide direct current power for the electromagnetic coils 17, 20; the magnetic yoke 16 is fixedly connected to the feeding seat through a fixing bolt 14 and is provided with a vertical part and two transverse rod parts which are fixedly connected to the upper end and the lower end of the vertical part respectively and are arranged in parallel, the pole 15 is fixedly connected to the transverse rod part positioned at the upper side, the two pole heads 18 and 19 are fixedly connected to the opposite surfaces of the two transverse rod parts and respectively form an upper pole head 18 and a lower pole head 19, and the two electromagnetic coils 17 and 20 are fixedly connected to the upper pole head 18 and the lower pole head 19 respectively and respectively form an upper electromagnetic coil 17 and a lower electromagnetic coil 20; the upper electromagnetic coil 17 and the lower electromagnetic coil 20 are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the workpiece 9 to generate auxiliary magnetic fields in the center region of turning of the tool nose of the turning tool; the gap between the upper pole head 18 and the lower pole head 19 can be adjusted along with the diameter of the workpiece so as to avoid collision between the pole head and the workpiece; the electromagnetic coils 17, 20 are made of an enameled copper wire material with good electric conductivity and low cost. The electromagnetic field generating device 7 and the turning tool are kept relatively fixed and can move along with the slide carriage box in a feeding way, so that the contact area of the tool bit and the workpiece is always acted by the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil. In a specific structure, the magnetic yoke 16 is fixed on the small supporting plate 3 of the slide carriage 5 through the fixing bolt 14; the direct current power supply is a low-ripple direct current power supply, the direct current power supply is provided with a constant voltage working mode and a constant current working mode, the constant voltage range of direct current is 1-20V, the constant current range is 1-25A, and the direct current power supply further adopts constant voltage 20 and constant current 20A.
The three-dimensional dynamic dynamometer 10 is fixedly arranged between an online magnetizing device and a feeding seat and is used for measuring turning signals so as to realize magnetic field auxiliary plane turning experimental study on a machined workpiece.
The processing method of the magnetic field assisted excircle turning equipment comprises the following steps:
and (1) installing a workpiece, installing the workpiece on a clamp, and performing coaxiality marking adjustment to enable the workpiece and the central line of the main shaft to meet coaxiality requirements.
Step (2), clamping and fixing the turning tool on a tool rest, wherein the upper surface position of the tool nose is vertical and level with the axis of the workpiece when the turning tool is installed;
and step (3), fixedly arranging the dynamometer table top 10 between an online magnetizing device and a feeding seat, further fixing the dynamometer table top 10 on a supporting plate 3 of a slide carriage box, enabling a cutter tip of a turning tool to be positioned at the center position of two polar heads 18 and 19, enabling the axis direction of the electromagnetic coil to be perpendicular to the feeding direction of the turning tool when the electromagnetic coil is placed, enabling the contact of the turning tool and a workpiece to always keep a cutting area to be positioned in the center range of a magnetic field, connecting an electrified wire of the electromagnetic coil with a direct current power supply control system, enabling the direct current power supply to be an adjustable low-ripple direct current power supply, and enabling the intensity of the magnetic field generated by the coil to be adjustable.
Step (4), tool setting and turning technological parameters are set, wherein the turning technological parameters comprise a turning tool feeding speed, a tool feeding amount and a workpiece linear speed;
step (5), switching on a direct-current power supply of an electromagnetic coil, providing a magnetic field for a turning area, starting an outer circle lathe, and enabling a turning tool and a feeding seat to move according to a preset machining mode and a track to start turning; the electromagnetic generating device and the turning tool move together to form a moving electromagnetic field, meanwhile, the turning area on the surface of the workpiece to be processed is always subjected to a stable auxiliary magnetic field, and the turning area of the workpiece is always subjected to a directional magnetic field; data of the three-way dynamic dynamometer are collected and recorded to develop research on influence of a magnetic field on a turning process.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, for all changes and modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims and specification are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Claims (6)

1. Magnetic field assisted outer circle turning apparatus comprising:
the excircle lathe comprises a lathe body, a clamp capable of being rotatably arranged on the lathe body, a main driving mechanism, a feeding seat capable of being slidably arranged on the lathe body, a secondary driving mechanism and a cutter mechanism, wherein the main driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the clamp to drive the clamp to rotate, the clamp clamps a workpiece, the secondary driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the feeding seat to drive the feeding seat to slide along the direction parallel to the rotation axis of the clamp, and the cutter mechanism is arranged on the feeding seat;
the method is characterized in that: further comprises:
the on-line magnetizing device comprises an electromagnetic field generating device, wherein the electromagnetic field generating device comprises a hollow cylindrical electromagnetic coil wound by an enamelled wire, the electromagnetic field generating device is matched with a direct current power supply control system, the direct current power supply control system is connected with the electromagnetic coil, and the electromagnetic field generating device is arranged on a feeding seat, the axis of the electromagnetic coil is perpendicular to the axis of the rotation of the clamp, so that the contact area of the cutter mechanism and a workpiece is always in the magnetic field action area generated by the electromagnetic coil; the tool mechanism comprises a tool rest and a turning tool arranged on the tool rest, wherein the turning tool and a workpiece are made of at least one of high-speed steel materials and carbon steel materials; the electromagnetic field generating device comprises two electromagnetic coils, a pole, two pole heads and a magnetic yoke, wherein the magnetic yoke is fixedly connected to the feeding seat and is provided with an upright part and two cross rod parts which are fixedly connected to the upper end and the lower end of the upright part respectively and are arranged in parallel, the pole heads are fixedly connected to the cross rod parts positioned on the upper side, the two pole heads are fixedly connected to the opposite surfaces of the two cross rod parts, and the two electromagnetic coils are fixedly connected to the two pole heads; the rotation axis of the clamp is horizontally arranged, and the two electromagnetic coils are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the workpiece.
2. The magnetic field assisted outer turning apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the fixture comprises a three-jaw chuck which can be rotatably arranged on a lathe bed, and the three-jaw chuck is matched with a tailstock.
3. The magnetic field assisted outer turning apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the direct current power supply control system adopts an adjustable direct current power supply control system.
4. The magnetic field assisted outer turning apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the gap between the two polar heads can be adjusted along with the diameter of the workpiece.
5. The magnetic field assisted outer turning apparatus of claim 4, wherein: further comprises:
the three-dimensional dynamic force measuring instrument is fixedly arranged between the on-line magnetizing device and the feeding seat.
6. The method for machining the magnetic field assisted outer circle turning device according to claim 5, wherein: the processing method comprises the following steps:
step (1), installing a workpiece, and installing the workpiece on a clamp;
step (2), clamping and fixing the turning tool on a tool rest;
step (3), fixing an electromagnetic field generating device on a feeding seat, enabling a tool nose of a turning tool to be positioned at the center of two polar heads, and connecting an electrified lead of an electromagnetic coil with a direct current power supply control system;
step (4), tool setting and turning technological parameters are set, wherein the turning technological parameters comprise a turning tool feeding speed, a tool feeding amount and a workpiece linear speed;
step (5), switching on a direct-current power supply of an electromagnetic coil, providing a magnetic field for a turning area, starting an outer circle lathe, and enabling a turning tool and a feeding seat to move according to a preset machining mode and a track to start turning; the electromagnetic generating device and the turning tool move together to form a moving electromagnetic field, and meanwhile, the turning area on the surface of the processed workpiece is always acted by an auxiliary magnetic field; and recording data of the three-dimensional dynamic force measuring instrument to develop the research on the influence of the magnetic field on the turning process.
CN201810117228.7A 2018-02-06 2018-02-06 Magnetic field auxiliary cylindrical turning equipment Active CN108161052B (en)

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CN110480365A (en) * 2019-07-17 2019-11-22 深圳大学 Turnery processing lathe and method for turning
CN111055012A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-24 华中科技大学 Thermo-magnetic field composite auxiliary processing system and method
CN111070433B (en) * 2019-12-31 2021-04-06 华中科技大学 Multi-field auxiliary diamond cutting equipment
CN111037344A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-21 华中科技大学 Magnetic field assisted ultra-precision machining device and method
CN111250746B (en) * 2020-01-24 2021-07-06 北京理工大学 Method and device for electromagnetic sound multi-field composite auxiliary drilling of tiny deep hole
CN112355331B (en) * 2020-11-04 2022-06-17 深圳大学 Iron-based material magnetic field auxiliary processing machine tool and processing method

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