CN115521452A - 一种光固化低聚物、其制备方法及含有该低聚物的光固化涂料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于高分子材料技术领域,具体地说,涉及一种光固化低聚物、其制备方法及含有该低聚物的光固化涂料。该种光固化低聚物结构为以脲基基团为交联点、聚氧乙烯醚为主链段的脲基丙烯酸酯。低聚物具有低黏度、高速固化、有特殊功能等优点,针对部分基材难以附着的特点,在PMMA、聚砜、聚苯乙烯上均有较好的附着力,可应用在难附着基材的防雾、防污、减阻、润湿等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料技术领域,具体地说,涉及一种光固化低 聚物、其制备方法及含有该低聚物的光固化涂料。
背景技术
紫外光固化涂料技术是指一种表面处理技术,该技术通过光引发 剂或者光敏剂,经紫外光辐照产生自由基而引发活性单体、低聚物 或树脂发生聚合反应。近年来,人们对环保的要求越来越高,溶剂型 涂料因为挥发性有机物(VOC)的排放受到越来越严格的限制,以紫 外光固化涂料(UVCC)、水性涂料、高固体分涂料和粉末涂料为代表 的绿色环保型涂料成为人们关注和研究的热点。与其它几类涂料相比, UVCC具有固化速度快、固化温度低、环保节能、涂层性能优异, 可用于塑料、纸张和木材等热敏性底材的涂布等优势。
低聚物是UV固化涂料最重要的组分,它决定了固化膜的物理机 械性能,如硬度、柔韧性、强度、耐磨性、附着力等,也影响光固化 速度。目前的低聚物通常是聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯等附着力低的物质或聚 氨酯丙烯酸酯等亲水性差的物质,难以保持附着力与亲水性的平衡。
目前常见的光固化低聚物包括环氧丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯、 聚酯丙烯酸酯等,具有黏度低、固化速度快等优点,但是低聚物往往 没有丰富的基团,附着力差。高聚后链段较软,机械强度差。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,提供附着力优异的一种光 固化低聚物、其制备方法及含有该低聚物的光固化涂料。可实现高附 着力、高耐磨、耐水泡、耐腐蚀等的功能。
为实现上述目的,本发明首先提供一种光固化低聚物,如(Ⅰ) 所示,结构为以脲基基团为交联点、聚氧乙烯醚为主链段的脲基丙烯 酸酯,可命名为异氰尿酸聚氧乙烯醚丙烯酸酯;
所述光固化低聚物表面张力低,对基材润湿性好;对于PMMA、 聚砜、聚苯乙烯等塑料基材有较强的渗透溶胀能力,固化交联后可在 基材与涂层之间形成一层很薄的互穿网络结构,从而增强附着力,同 时所述光固化低聚物含有多种官能团,能提高附着力。
按照GB/T 9286-1998进行光固化低聚物的附着力测试,0级代表 最好,5级代表最差,具体方法为将光固化低聚物与光引发剂TPO以 质量比24:1混合,UV灯下固化30s,测试附着力,结果附着力均 为0级。
本发明还提供一种光固化低聚物的制备方法,具体如下:
(1)聚醚胺(ED2003)与三(2-羟乙基)异氰脲酸三丙烯酸酯(THEICTA)在60-80℃下进行加成反应,得到聚氧乙烯醚异氰尿酸丙 烯酸酯;
(2)羟乙基丙烯酸酯(HEA)与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI) 在30-50℃下反应0.5-1h,得到脲基丙烯酸酯;
(3)将步骤(1)和步骤(2)所得产物在30-50℃下进行聚合反 应,反应0.5-1h,即得到所述光固化低聚物。
具体的,所述步骤(1)中聚醚胺与三(2-羟乙基)异氰脲酸三 丙烯酸酯的摩尔比为1:2。
具体的,所述步骤(1)中羟乙基丙烯酸酯与异佛尔酮二异氰酸 酯的摩尔比为1:1。
具体的,所述步骤(1)和步骤(2)所得产物的摩尔比为1:1。
本发明还提供一种光固化涂料,包含上述光固化低聚物50~70份、 丙烯酸酯单体10~20份、光引发剂2~5份、助剂1~2份、溶剂14~27 份。
具体的,丙烯酸酯单体为1,6己二醇二丙烯酸酯(HDDA)、三羟 甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMPTA)、二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯(DPGDA)中的一 种或多种。
具体的,光引发剂为2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙酮(1173), 1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮(184),2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基-二苯基氧 化膦(TPO)中的一种或多种。
具体的,助剂为流平剂、消泡剂、增稠剂、分散剂、润湿剂中的 一种或多种。
具体的,溶剂为乙醇、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙二醇甲 醚中的一种或多种。
本发明与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的有益效果:
1、低聚物具有低黏度、高速固化、有特殊功能等优点,光固化 配方的基体树脂,构成固化产品的基本骨架,即固化后产品的基本性 能(硬度、柔韧性、附着力、光学性能、耐老化等)主要由低聚物树脂 决定。针对部分基材难以附着的特点,设计合成了新型的高PMMA、聚砜、聚苯乙烯附着力的光固化低聚物,通过对表面张力,基材的渗 透溶胀、官能度设计从而增强涂层在基材的附着力,同时光固化低聚 物含有多种基团增强附着力。可应用在难附着基材的防雾、防污、减 阻、润湿等领域。
2、本发明的光固化低聚物结合其他光固化单体可以形成交联的 互穿网络,提高涂层硬度、机械强度,可锁住表面活性剂,延长防雾 耐久时间。
附图说明
图1实施例1所得可光固化低聚物B 1H NMR谱图;
图2实施例1所得可光固化低聚物B FTIR谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助 于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。 应当指出的是,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思 的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范 围。
实施例1光固化低聚物的制备1
将1mol聚醚胺(ED2003)与2mol三(2-羟乙基)异氰脲酸三 丙烯酸酯(THEICTA)在60℃下反应4h,将1mol羟乙基丙烯酸酯 (HEA)与1mol异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)在30℃下反应0.5h, 将两步反应所得产物在30℃下反应0.5h得到光固化低聚物B。
实施例2光固化低聚物的制备2
将1mol聚醚胺(ED2003)与2mol三(2-羟乙基)异氰脲酸三 丙烯酸酯(THEICTA)在80℃下反应4h,将1mol羟乙基丙烯酸酯 (HEA)与1mol异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)在50℃下反应1h, 将两步反应所得产物在50℃下反应1h得到光固化低聚物B。
实施例3光固化低聚物的制备3
将1mol聚醚胺(ED2003)与2mol三(2-羟乙基)异氰脲酸三 丙烯酸酯(THEICTA)在70℃下反应4h,将1mol羟乙基丙烯酸酯 (HEA)与1mol异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)在50℃下反应1h, 将两步反应所得产物在40℃下反应1h得到光固化低聚物B。
实施例3光固化低聚物的测试结果
以氘代氯仿为溶剂,将实施例1制备的可光固化低聚物B溶解, 在布鲁克400MHz核磁共振NMR波谱仪测试1HNMR,如图2所示。 其在5.5-6.5ppm之间的峰为CH2=CH-的特征峰,4.2ppm左右的峰 为O-CH2-CH2-O链段的特征峰,分子式中所有的氢的峰都能与谱图 中的峰相对应,鉴定结构为可光固化低聚物B。
将实施例1制备的可光固化低聚物B测试红外光谱(FITR),其谱图如图 2所示。上述结构谱图中丙烯酸酯、脲基、聚乙二醇链段峰都在谱图中呈现, 红外谱图与可光固化低聚物B结构相符。
实施例4光固化低聚物的应用及效果
本发明将实施例1所得50份低聚物与20份丙烯酸酯单体HDDA、 3份光引发剂1173、2份流平剂与消泡剂、25份乙醇、乙酸乙酯混合 溶剂进行复配,可制备紫外光固化防雾涂料组合物,该涂料可在聚砜 塑料基材上制备超亲水涂层。该涂层具有良好的防雾、防污、减阻、 润湿等效果,且涂层附着力好、不易脱落、硬度高、耐久性好。
实施例5光固化低聚物的应用及效果
本发明将实施例2所得60份低聚物与10份丙烯酸酯单体 TMPTA、2份光引发剂184、1份增稠剂与分散剂、27份异丙醇、乙 酸丁酯混合溶剂等进行复配,可制备紫外光固化防雾涂料组合物,该 涂料可在PMMA塑料基材上制备超亲水涂层。该涂层具有良好的防 雾、防污、减阻、润湿等效果,且涂层附着力好、不易脱落、硬度高、 耐久性好。
实施例6光固化低聚物的应用及效果
本发明将实施例3所得70份低聚物与常规的10份丙烯酸酯单体 DPGDA、5份光引发剂TPO、1份润湿剂、14份丙二醇甲醚溶剂进 行复配,可制备紫外光固化防雾涂料组合物,该涂料可在聚苯乙烯塑 料基材上制备超亲水涂层。该涂层具有良好的防雾、防污、减阻、润湿等效果,且涂层附着力好、不易脱落、硬度高、耐久性好。
Claims (9)
2.一种光固化低聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)聚醚胺与三(2-羟乙基)异氰脲酸三丙烯酸酯在60-80℃下进行加成反应,得到异氰尿酸聚醚胺丙烯酸酯;
(2)羟乙基丙烯酸酯与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯在30-50℃下反应0.5-1h,得到脲基丙烯酸酯;
(3)将步骤(1)和步骤(2)所得产物在30-50℃下进行聚合反应,反应0.5-1h,即得到所述光固化低聚物,命名为异氰尿酸聚氧乙烯醚丙烯酸酯。
3.根据权利要求2所述光固化低聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中聚醚胺与三(2-羟乙基)异氰脲酸三丙烯酸酯的摩尔比为1:2。
4.根据权利要求2所述光固化低聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中羟乙基丙烯酸酯与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的摩尔比为1:1。
5.根据权利要求2所述光固化低聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)和步骤(2)所得产物的摩尔比为1:1。
6.一种光固化涂料,包含权利要求1所述光固化低聚物、丙烯酸酯单体、光引发剂、助剂和溶剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述光固化涂料,其特征在于:光引发剂为2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙酮,1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮,2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基-二苯基氧化膦中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求6所述光固化涂料,其特征在于:助剂为流平剂、消泡剂、增稠剂、分散剂、润湿剂中的一种或多种。
9.根据权利要求6所述光固化涂料,其特征在于:溶剂为乙醇、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙二醇甲醚中的一种或多种。
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