CN115517097A - Device for preventing and treating 'short-shoot' winter jujube fruit shrinkage and using method - Google Patents
Device for preventing and treating 'short-shoot' winter jujube fruit shrinkage and using method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115517097A CN115517097A CN202211123619.2A CN202211123619A CN115517097A CN 115517097 A CN115517097 A CN 115517097A CN 202211123619 A CN202211123619 A CN 202211123619A CN 115517097 A CN115517097 A CN 115517097A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
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- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/645—Fungi ; Processes using fungi
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for preventing and treating 'short-branch' winter jujube fruit shrinkage and a using method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fruit tree disease prevention and treatment. The device comprises a container body and a connecting piece; the upper end of the container body is provided with a liquid injection port, and the lower end of the container body is provided with a liquid outlet; the connecting piece is including setting up in the nail that can go deep into jujube tree xylem in vessel bottom to and set up in two dead levers of vessel side and bottom and connect two bandages that are used for fixing on two dead levers, and the contained angle between two dead levers of vessel side and bottom is 80 ~ 95. The device can inhibit the top advantages and prevent the photosynthetic nutrients from flowing downwards. The invention cuts off the bark on the upper side of the branch of the 'short-branch' winter jujube to form a pit, applies the composition for preventing and controlling the 'short-branch' winter jujube fruit shrinkage on the pit, and then fixes the device on the pit. The invention can improve the utilization rate of nutrition, improve the disease resistance of trees, eliminate the antagonism between potassium and calcium and reduce the fruit shrinking rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for preventing and treating 'short-branch' winter jujube fruit shrinkage and a using method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fruit tree disease prevention and treatment.
Background
Because the traditional winter jujubes are diversified in shape, or round or oblong, and uneven in size, more and more people begin to plant 'short-shoot' winter jujubes. The short-branch winter jujube is also called as stained second-generation winter jujube, is a new high-quality late-maturing fresh food variety of stained winter jujube, has a flat and round fruit shape and a large head, is about one time larger than the common stained winter jujube, has more than 20 grams of each fruit, and has very beautiful appearance.
At present, the 'short-branch' winter jujubes planted in various fields have fruit shrinkage, and some of the winter jujubes are accompanied by early yellowing and shedding of leaves. Once diseased, the fruit loses commercial value. Various views are provided for the pathogenesis of the 'brachytic' winter jujube fruit shrinkage, some people think that the disease is caused by insect bite and germ infection, and some people think that the disease is lack of nutrient elements, but the theory is not formed.
In the prior art, the method for preventing and treating winter jujube fruit shrinkage is to spray a large amount of bactericide (such as pyrethrins, mancozeb and the like) and apply a large amount of medium-amount nutrient elements (P, K, ca, mg and the like) in soil, or apply broad-spectrum bactericide and full coverage of the medium-amount elements. These methods have disadvantages such as poor pertinence and high cost. In addition, the soil viscosity and the volume weight of the 'short-branch' winter jujube native region are high, the water content and the oxygen content in the soil of the orchard are low in a positive rainy period of 7-8 months during the fruit expansion period of the winter jujubes, so that the problem of 'short-branch' winter jujube fruit shrinkage can not be effectively solved due to the low utilization rate of soil fertilization; the frequent rainfall of winter jujube fruits in the 7-8 month expansion period also washes away the leaf fertilizer, so the leaf fertilizer application also has certain disadvantages.
Therefore, it is important to provide a method for effectively preventing and treating the fruit shrinkage of the 'short-shoot' winter jujubes.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a device for preventing and treating 'short-shoot' winter jujube fruit shrinkage and a using method thereof, which improve the disease resistance of jujube trees, enable potassium and calcium to be absorbed by the jujube trees and act simultaneously, and improve the fruit shrinkage prevention and treatment efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a device for preventing and treating 'short-branch' winter jujube fruit shrinkage, which comprises a container body and a connecting piece, wherein the container body is provided with a cavity; the upper end of the container body is provided with a liquid injection port, and the lower end of the container body is provided with a liquid outlet; the connecting piece including set up in container body bottom and jujube tree contact position's nail, and set up in two dead levers of container body side and bottom and connect respectively and be used for being fixed in two bandages on the jujube tree branch with the dead lever.
Furthermore, the included angle between the two fixed rods at the side surface and the bottom of the container body is 80-95 degrees and is 80-95 degrees, the included angle is bound with the branches of the jujube trees through a binding band, the two branches of the jujube trees are propped open, the included angle is 80-95 degrees, and the backflow of the photosynthetic products to the main rod and the roots can be reduced under the same action of branch pulling.
Furthermore, the number of the nails is 6 or 9, the nails penetrate into the xylem of the branch of the jujube tree, so that the phloem can be prevented from healing, the effect of the nails is the same as that of opening nails, the backflow of the photosynthetic products to the main rod and the root can also be reduced, and the nutrition is preferentially ensured to grow and develop the fruit.
The invention also provides a composition for preventing and treating 'short-shoot' winter jujube fruit shrinkage, which consists of a mixed substrate and pythium oligandrum in a mass ratio of 100.2, wherein the mixed substrate comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 2:1:1:0.5:1.5:4 potato pieces, green beans, chicken bone powder or egg shells, brown sugar, soil and water.
Furthermore, the particle size of the chicken bone powder or the eggshell and the soil is less than 60 meshes.
Further, the soil is taken from a soil layer which is 20cm away from the surface of the 'short-shoot' winter jujube planting garden.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composition for preventing and treating the 'short-shoot' winter jujube fruit shrinkage, which comprises the following steps:
cutting potatoes into potato blocks with the length and width of less than 0.5cm, mixing the potato blocks, green beans, chicken bone meal or egg shells, brown sugar, soil and water according to the mass ratio, adding saccharomycetes, sealing and fermenting to obtain a mixed matrix, and then adding pythium oligandrum to continue fermenting to obtain the composition for preventing and treating the 'brachypus' winter jujube fruit shrinkage.
Furthermore, the adding amount of the yeast is 0.4-1% of the total mass of the chicken bone meal or the egg shells, the green beans and the potato blocks, the fermentation days after the yeast is added are 45-50 days, and the fermentation days after the pythium oligandrum is added are 3-5 days.
Further, the potato blocks are cut into blocks with the length, width, length and width less than 0.5cm after the surface layer of the potato is peeled off by 0.3 cm.
The invention also provides a method for preventing and treating the fruit shrinkage of the 'short-branch' winter jujubes, which comprises the steps of cutting off barks on the upper side (the joint part of lateral branches and a main trunk) of branches of the 'short-branch' winter jujubes to form pits in the middle or late 6 months, coating the compositions for preventing and treating the fruit shrinkage of the 'short-branch' winter jujubes on the pits, fixing the device on the pits coated with the compositions, and then injecting pythium oligandrum solution into a liquid injection port of the device.
Furthermore, the width of the pit is 0.5-2 cm, the length is 2-4 cm, and the depth is 0.2-0.5 cm.
Further, the bark is cut to penetrate 0.1-0.2 cm into the xylem.
Further, the coating thickness of the composition for preventing and treating the 'short-shoot' winter jujube fruit shrinkage is 1-2 cm.
Further, the pythium oligandrum solution is prepared by mixing pythium oligandrum and water according to the mass ratio of 0.1.
Further, 2-5 mL of the pythium oligandrum solution flows out of a liquid outlet of the device every 3-5 days and is injected into a jujube pit for 4-6 times continuously.
Furthermore, the composition for preventing and treating the 'short-shoot' winter jujube fruit shrinkage can be properly added with water or soil before being applied to prepare a state of being capable of being held by hands to form a ball.
Furthermore, the composition for preventing and treating the 'short-branch' winter jujube fruit shrinkage is used in combination with potassium and calcium fertilizers.
The 'short-branch' winter jujube fruit shrinkage is susceptible to pathogenic bacteria caused by nutrient imbalance, and the main inducement is that the tree body lacks elements such as potassium, calcium and the like, so that the microbial community number on the tree body, particularly on the newly born branches and leaves is unbalanced, namely the number of beneficial microorganisms is reduced and harmful microorganisms are increased.
The potassium ion absorption of winter jujube root cells is active transportation, and needs the assistance of carrier protein and the supply of ATP. Aerobic respiration releases energy so that the root cells absorb more potassium ions only under conditions where the supply of oxygen is sufficient. Potassium ions rob the channel much more strongly than calcium, so the simultaneous application of potassium and calcium inactivates calcium by antagonism.
Pythium oligandrum is a parasitic fungus with strong aggressiveness, can be fixedly planted in the rhizosphere soil of various crops, not only can not cause pathogenic action on the crops, but also can inhibit or kill other pathogenic bacteria and soil-borne pathogenic bacteria, induce the plants to generate defense reaction and reduce the invasion of the pathogenic bacteria; meanwhile, secretion and various enzymes generated by pythium oligandrum are good growth promoting active agents for plants, and can promote root system development of crops and improve nutrient absorption. Pythium oligandrum can generate a kind of elicito-like hormone called oligoandrogenic protein related to the induction of resistance, induce plants to generate resistance, resist the invasion of pathogenic bacteria and obviously reduce the incidence rate of diseases.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
(1) The device of the invention utilizes the fixed rod and the binding belt to open the branches of the jujube trees to a certain angle, and the action of the fixed rod and the binding belt is the same as that of branch pulling, thereby realizing the inhibition of the top end advantage and reducing the backflow of the photosynthetic products to the main rod and the root; meanwhile, the nails in the device penetrate into the xylem of the jujube tree, so that phloem can be prevented from healing, the effect of the nail opening is the same as that of nail opening, the backflow of the photosynthetic products to the main rod and the roots can be reduced, and the nutrition can be guaranteed to grow and develop fruits preferentially; the container body of the device is also provided with a liquid injection port and a liquid outlet, so that the pythium oligandrum solution is continuously supplied to the jujube trees, and the purpose of continuously supplementing nutrients is achieved.
(2) According to the invention, the pythium oligandrum is colonized by the mixed matrix formed by potato blocks, green beans, chicken bone powder or egg shells, brown sugar, soil and water, so that the pythium oligandrum can be used for preventing germ invasion in a mode of permeating through xylem of branches of winter jujube trees, and the disease resistance of the jujube trees is improved. The Pythium oligandrum secretes secretions such as oligoandrogens and the like to induce crops to generate system resistance, so that the disease resistance of the crops is effectively improved, and in addition, the Pythium oligandrum can also promote nutrient element absorption by expanding plant cell ion channels and increasing the content of indoleacetic acid (IAA) in the plants, regulate the antagonistic action between potassium and calcium, ensure that the potassium and the calcium are absorbed by jujube trees and play a role at the same time.
(3) The composition for preventing and treating the 'short-branch' winter jujube fruit shrinkage has low manufacturing cost, the using method of the device is simple, and the fruit shrinkage prevention and treatment efficiency is high by combining the composition and the device.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a device for preventing and treating fruit shrinkage of ' short-shoot ' winter jujubes in example 1 of the present invention, wherein 1-a binding band, 1' -a binding band, 2-a liquid outlet, 3-a liquid injection port, 4-nails, 11-a side fixing rod, and 12-a bottom fixing rod;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the device for preventing and controlling fruit shrinkage of 'short-shoot' winter jujubes in example 1 of the present invention, wherein 1-strap, 5-container body;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the device for preventing and controlling fruit shrinkage of 'short-shoot' winter jujubes in example 1 of the present invention, wherein, 1-binding band, 3-liquid injection port;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a dimple structure formed on an upper side of a branch of a 'short-branch' winter jujube tree in embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein 6-xylem, 7-dimple, 8-phloem;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the composition for preventing and treating 'brachytic' winter jujube fruit shrink prepared in example 1 of the present invention smeared on the dimples, wherein, 9-the composition;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of example 1 of the present invention, wherein 9-composition, 10-device is fixed on a composition-coated recess.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
The device for preventing and treating the 'short-branch' winter jujube fruit shrinkage used in the following embodiment of the invention comprises a container body and a connecting piece; the upper end of the container body is provided with a liquid injection port, and the lower end of the container body is provided with a liquid outlet; the connecting piece including set up in container body bottom and jujube tree contact position's nail, and set up in the dead lever of device side and bottom with connect respectively and be used for being fixed in two bandages on the jujube tree branch with the dead lever. The liquid outlet is a plurality of small holes, and the number of the small holes can be set according to the required liquid outlet speed. The liquid outlet is used for enabling the liquid medicine to slowly and uniformly permeate into the acting part downwards, so that the aperture of the small holes is not required to be too large, and the diameter of the small holes is 0.2mm and the number of the small holes is 5 in the embodiment of the invention. The diameter of the liquid injection port is not too large, otherwise the volatilization of the liquid medicine or the entering of sundries or rainwater can be accelerated, the drug effect is influenced, as long as the liquid medicine can be injected, and the aperture of the liquid injection port is preferably 3mm in the embodiment of the invention. The included angle between the two fixing rods at the side surface and the bottom of the container body is 80-95 degrees and is 80-95 degrees, and the included angle between the jujube branches is 80-95 degrees by combining the binding bands with the jujube branches. The number of the nails is 6 or 9, the nails penetrate into the xylem of the branch of the jujube tree, and the number of the nails in the device is 6 in the embodiment of the invention.
The shape of vessel is with using medicine position looks adaptation to the messenger the vessel can hug closely the branch, thereby makes the nail can with the vessel closely be fixed in on the branch, bandage and fixed rod length, the width of bandage can be adjusted according to the particular case of jujube tree branch thickness length.
The invention also provides a composition for preventing and treating 'brachytic' winter jujube fruit shrinkage, which consists of a mixed matrix and pythium oligandrum in a mass ratio of 100 to 0.2, wherein the mixed matrix comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 2:1:1:0.5:1.5:4 potato pieces, green beans, chicken bone powder or egg shells, brown sugar, soil and water.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composition for preventing and treating the 'short-shoot' winter jujube fruit shrinkage, which comprises the following steps:
cutting potatoes into potato blocks with the length and width of less than 0.5cm, mixing the potato blocks, green beans, chicken bone meal or egg shells, brown sugar, soil and water according to the mass ratio, adding yeast, sealing and fermenting to obtain a mixed matrix, then adding pythium oligandrum, and continuing to ferment to obtain the composition for preventing and treating the 'short-shoot' winter jujube fruit shrinkage.
Furthermore, the addition amount of the yeast is 0.4-1% of the total mass of the potato blocks, the chicken bone powder or the egg shells and the green beans.
Furthermore, the fermentation days after adding the yeast are 45-50 days, and the fermentation days after adding the pythium oligandrum are 3-5 days.
The invention also provides a method for preventing and treating the fruit shrinkage of the 'short-branch' winter jujubes, which comprises the steps of cutting off barks on the upper sides (the joint parts of lateral branches and a main trunk) of branches of the 'short-branch' winter jujubes to form recesses in the middle or the last 6 months, fixing the device on the recesses coated with the composition, and then injecting pythium oligandrum solution into a liquid injection port of the device.
Furthermore, the width of the pit is 0.5-2 cm, the length of the pit is 2-4 cm, and the depth of the pit is 0.2-0.5 cm.
Further, the bark is cut to penetrate 0.1-0.2 cm into the xylem.
Further, the coating thickness of the composition for preventing and treating the 'short-shoot' winter jujube fruit shrinkage is 1-2 cm.
Furthermore, the pythium oligandrum solution is prepared by mixing pythium oligandrum and water according to the mass ratio of 0.1.
Further, 2-5 mL of the pythium oligandrum solution flows out of a liquid outlet of the device every 3-5 days and is injected into a jujube pit for 4-6 times continuously.
Further, the specific preparation steps of the pythium oligandrum solution are as follows: taking pythium oligandrum and water according to the mass ratio, pouring the pythium oligandrum into a container, adding the water, fully stirring, standing for 45-60 minutes to form uniform suspension of the liquid medicine, and filtering by a 200-mesh filter screen to prepare the pythium oligandrum solution.
Furthermore, the composition for preventing and treating the 'short shoot' winter jujube fruit shrinkage can be properly added with water or soil before being applied to prepare a state that the composition can be held into a ball by hands.
Furthermore, the composition for preventing and treating the 'short-branch' winter jujube fruit shrinkage is used in combination with potassium and calcium fertilizers.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the used potato blocks are less than 0.5cm in length and width, the used chicken bone powder or egg shells and soil have particle sizes of less than 60 meshes, the used potato blocks are cut into blocks with the length and width of not more than 0.5cm after the surface layer of the potato is peeled off by 0.3cm, the used soil is taken from a soil layer of 20cm on the surface of a 'short branch' winter jujube plantation land, and the used pythium oliganum solution is prepared by mixing pythium oliganum and water according to the mass ratio of 0.1.
The pythium oligandrum used in the embodiment of the invention is purchased from czech biological agent, ltd, and the yeast is purchased from angel yeast, ltd.
The potassium fertilizer used in the embodiment of the invention is potassium dihydrogen phosphate produced by Zhonghua corporation of China, the calcium fertilizer used in the embodiment of the invention is sugar alcohol calcium produced by biological engineering Co., ltd. Of Daisy oasis of Shandong sea, the main components of the fertilizer are sugar alcohol chelating agent and calcium, and the phosphate fertilizer used in the embodiment of the invention is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate produced by Wuhanji industry Kong Co., ltd. Of Hubei manufacturers. The application of the fertilizer is carried out according to DB65/T3799-2016 jujube nutrition diagnosis and recommended fertilization technical regulations.
The examples and comparative examples of the invention are carried out in a winter jujube garden of Shandong province, xijiaying village, township province, and the incidence rate of fruit reduction of 'short branches' winter jujubes in 2018 years in the jujube garden is counted to be 32.4%.
All treatments of the jujube trees in the examples and the comparative examples of the invention are carried out on the same day, and the jujube trees are harvested on the same day.
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
(1) The cross section of the device for preventing and treating the ' short-shoot ' winter jujube fruit shrinkage is shown in figure 1, wherein 1-binding band, 1' -binding band, 2-liquid outlet, 3-liquid injection port, 4-nail, 11-side fixing rod and 12-bottom fixing rod. The left side view of the device is shown in fig. 2, where 1-strap, 5-container body. The top view of the device is shown in FIG. 3, where 1-band, 3-pour spout. The device comprises a container body 5 and a connecting piece; the upper end of the container body 5 is provided with a liquid injection port 3, and the lower end is provided with a liquid outlet 2; the connecting piece including set up in 5 bottoms of container body and jujube tree contact position's nail 4, and set up in dead lever 11, 12 of device side and bottom and connect respectively on two dead levers 11 and 12 and be used for being fixed in two bandage 1 and 1' on the jujube tree branch with the dead lever. The included angle between two dead levers of container body side and bottom is 90 to combine through bandage and jujube tree branch, make the included angle between the jujube tree branch be 90. The nail is 6, and the nail gos deep into jujube tree branch xylem.
(2) Preparing a composition for preventing and treating 'short-shoot' winter jujube fruit shrinkage: and in the early 5 months of 2018, cutting the potatoes into potato blocks with the length and the width of less than 0.5cm, wherein the mass ratio of the potato blocks to the potato blocks is 2:1:1:0.5:1.5: and 4, weighing potato blocks, green beans, chicken bone powder, brown sugar, soil and water, mixing, adding saccharomycetes (0.6 percent of the total mass of the potato blocks, the chicken bone powder and the green beans), sealing, fermenting for 48 days to obtain a mixed matrix, adding pythium oligandrum (0.2 percent of the mass of the mixed matrix) in the middle ten day of 6 months, and continuing to ferment for 4 days to obtain the composition for preventing and treating the 'short-shoot' winter jujube fruit shrinkage.
(3) In 6 th month middle ten days, 10 'short-branch' winter jujube trees in a jujube garden are randomly selected from a low-lying township jiaying village winter jujube garden below a coastal region in Shandong province, 3 branches are respectively selected from each 'short-branch' winter jujube tree in the east, west, south and north directions, barks on the upper sides (the joint parts of side branches and trunks) of the branches are cut off and deeply enter the xylem for 0.2cm to form pits with the width of 2cm, the length of 4cm and the depth of 0.2cm (see fig. 4, wherein 6-xylem, 7-pit and 8-phloem), and then the composition for preventing and treating the fruit shrinkage of the 'short-branch' winter jujubes is coated on the pits and is coated to the thickness of 2cm (see fig. 5, wherein 9-composition); and applying a potassium fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer.
(4) The device was mounted on a composition-coated dimple (see fig. 6, wherein, 9-composition, 10-device), 4mL of pythium oligandrum solution (mixed with water at a mass ratio of 0.1 to 100) was injected at the dimple every 4 days, and 4 injections were performed consecutively.
(5) In 10-month middle ten days in 2018, the incidence rate of the jujube fruits on the selected branches is counted to be 3.6%.
(6) And (3) in 2019, continuously processing the same batch of short-branch winter jujube trees according to the steps (1) to (4), and counting the incidence rate of the jujube fruits on the selected branches to be 2.8% in 10 th of 2019.
Example 2
(1) The structure of the device for preventing and controlling the 'short-branch' winter jujube fruit shrinkage is the same as that of the embodiment 1;
(2) Preparation of the composition for preventing and treating 'short shoot' winter jujube fruit shrinkage: in the early 5 months of 2018, cutting the potatoes into potato blocks with the length and the width of less than 0.5cm, wherein the weight ratio of the potato blocks to the potato blocks is 2:1:1:0.5:1.5: and 4, weighing potato blocks, green beans, egg shells, brown sugar, soil and water, mixing, adding saccharomycetes (1% of the total mass of the potato blocks, the egg shells and the green beans), sealing, fermenting for 45 days to obtain a mixed matrix, adding pythium oligandrum (0.2% of the mass of the mixed matrix) in the middle ten days of 6 months, and continuing fermenting for 5 days to obtain the composition for preventing and treating the 'short-shoot' winter jujube fruit shrinkage.
(3) In late 6 th month, randomly selecting 10 'short-branch' winter jujube trees from a lower-lying township jiaying village winter jujube garden in a coastal region of Shandong province, respectively selecting 3 branches from each 'short-branch' winter jujube tree in the east-west, south-west and north-west directions, cutting off barks on the upper sides (the combination parts of lateral branches and trunks) of the branches to be deep into xylem by 0.1cm to form pits with the width of 0.5cm, the length of 2cm and the depth of 0.5cm, and then coating the composition for preventing the 'short-branch' winter jujube fruit shrinkage on the pits with the coating thickness of 1cm; and applying a potassium fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer.
(4) The device was inserted into a depression coated with the composition, and 5mL of pythium oligandrum solution (mixed with water at a mass ratio of 0.1 to 100) was injected into the depression every 3 days for 5 consecutive injections.
(5) In 10-month middle ten days in 2018, the incidence rate of the jujube fruits on the selected branches is counted to be 3.7%.
(6) And (5) continuously processing the same batch of short-branch winter jujube trees according to the steps (1) to (4) in 2019, and counting the incidence rate of the jujube fruits on the selected branches to be 3.2% in 10-month days in 2019.
Example 3
(1) The structure of the device for preventing and controlling the 'short-branch' winter jujube fruit shrinkage is the same as that of the embodiment 1;
(2) Preparing a composition for preventing and treating 'short-shoot' winter jujube fruit shrinkage: in the early 5 months of 2018, cutting the potatoes into potato blocks with the length and the width of less than 0.5cm, wherein the weight ratio of the potato blocks to the potato blocks is 2:1:1:0.5:1.5: and 4, weighing potato blocks, green beans, egg shells, brown sugar, soil and water, mixing, adding saccharomycetes (0.4% of the mass of the potato blocks, the egg shells and the green beans), sealing, fermenting for 50 days to obtain a mixed matrix, adding pythium oligandrum (0.2% of the mass of the mixed matrix) in the middle ten days of 6 months, and continuing fermenting for 3 days to obtain the composition for preventing and treating the 'short-shoot' winter jujube fruit shrinkage.
(3) In middle ten days of 6 months, 10 'short-branch' winter jujube trees in a jujube garden are randomly selected from a low-lying town Jiaying village winter jujube garden below a coastal region in Shandong province, a tree bark on the upper side of a branch (a joint part of a lateral branch and a trunk) is cut off and deeply into a xylem for 0.2cm to form a pit with the width of 1cm, the length of 3cm and the depth of 0.2cm, and then the composition for preventing the fruit shrinkage of the 'short-branch' winter jujube is coated on the pit and the coating thickness is 1cm; and applying a potassium fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer.
(4) The device was inserted into a depression coated with the composition, and 2mL of pythium oligandrum solution (mixed with water at a mass ratio of 0.1 to 100) was injected into the depression every 5 days for 6 consecutive injections.
(5) The incidence rate of the jujube fruits on the selected branches is 4.0% counted in 10-month middle ten days in 2018.
(6) And (3) in 2019, continuously processing the same batch of short-shoot winter jujube trees according to the steps (1) to (4), and counting the incidence rate of jujube fruits on the selected branches to be 3.3% in 10-month middle ten days in 2019.
Comparative example 1
Blank comparison, namely, 10 jujube trees are randomly selected without any treatment, 3 branches are respectively selected from the east, west, south and north directions of each selected 'short branch' winter jujube tree in 10-month middle ten in 2018 to count that the incidence rate of jujube fruits is 32.4%, and 2019 repeats the method in 2018 and counts that the incidence rate is 35.1%.
Comparative example 2
10 jujube trees are randomly selected from winter jujube orchard in Shandong Binzhou city lower depression town xi Jiaying village, 2018, chunleimeisu produced by Shandong Bainongsida Biotech limited is sprayed in 6-middle-ten days of China, 2% water aqua is sprayed with 500-600 times of liquid, and the medicine is applied for the 2 nd time after 7-10 days. The morbidity of the jujube fruits is counted to be 12.4% in 10-month middle ten days, and the practice of 2018 is repeated in 2019, and the morbidity is counted to be 14.7%.
Comparative example 3
10 jujube trees are randomly selected from a winter jujube garden in Jianzhen Jiaying village in the towns below the Zhanzhou city of Shandong province, soil is applied to each jujube tree for applying calcium fertilizer, and the incidence rate of the jujube fruits in 2018 is counted to be 23.5 percent and the incidence rate in 2019 is counted to be 26.4 percent.
Comparative example 4
Randomly selecting 10 jujube trees from winter jujube orchard of depression town xi Ying village under Zhan province of Shandong province, and applying phosphate fertilizer to the root of each jujube tree in 2018 for 6 months, wherein the fertilizer amount refers to DB65/T3799-2016 jujube nutrition diagnosis and recommended fertilizer application technical specification. In 10 th-month middle ten days, 3 branches are respectively selected from the east, west, south and north 4 directions of each 'short branch' winter jujube tree, the incidence rate of the jujube fruits is counted to be 34.2%, and 2019 is repeated for 2018 and is counted to be 33.8%.
Comparative example 5
Randomly selecting 10 jujube trees from winter jujube orchard of Shandong Binzhou city, lower depression, town, west Jiaying village, applying potassium fertilizer to root of each jujube tree, and applying fertilizer amount according to DB65/T3799-2016 jujube nutrition diagnosis and recommended fertilizer application technical specification. In 10 th month and middle ten days of 2018, 3 branches are respectively selected from the east, west, south and north directions of 4 selected short-branch winter jujube trees of each selected jujube tree, the incidence rate of the jujube fruits is counted to be 21.8%, and the 2019 year is repeated with the method of 2018 and the incidence rate is counted to be 28.3%.
Comparative example 6
Randomly selecting 10 jujube trees in a winter jujube orchard of depression, town, west jiaying village under a Zhanzhou city dip area in Shandong province, applying potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer to the root of each jujube tree in 2018 and 6 months, wherein the fertilizer dosage refers to DB65/T3799-2016 jujube nutrition diagnosis and recommended fertilizer application technical rules. In 10 months in 2018, 3 branches are respectively selected from 4 directions of east, west, south and north of each selected 'short branch' winter jujube tree, the incidence rate of the jujube is counted to be 22.6%, the method for 2018 is repeated in 2019, and the incidence rate is counted to be 21.2%.
The above-described embodiments are only intended to illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device for preventing and treating 'short-branch' winter jujube fruit shrinkage is characterized by comprising a container body and a connecting piece; the upper end of the container body is provided with a liquid injection port, and the lower end of the container body is provided with a liquid outlet; the connecting piece including set up in container body bottom and jujube tree contact position's nail, and set up in two dead levers of container body side and bottom and connect respectively and be used for being fixed in two bandages on the jujube tree branch with the dead lever.
2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the angle between the two fixing bars of the side and bottom of the container body is 80-95 °.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the number of said nails is 6 or 9, and the nails penetrate into the xylem of the branch of the jujube tree.
4. The composition for preventing and treating the 'short-branch' winter jujube fruit shrinkage is characterized by comprising a mixed substrate and pythium oligandrum in a mass ratio of 100.2, wherein the mixed substrate comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 2:1:1:0.5:1.5:4 potato pieces, green beans, chicken bone powder or egg shells, brown sugar, soil and water; the particle size of the chicken bone powder or the eggshell and the soil is less than 60 meshes.
5. A method for preparing the composition for preventing and treating the fruit shrinkage of the 'short-shoot' winter jujubes in claim 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
cutting potatoes into potato blocks with the length and width of less than 0.5cm, mixing the potatoes, green beans, chicken bone meal or egg shells, brown sugar, soil and water according to the mass ratio, adding yeast, sealing and fermenting to obtain a mixed matrix, adding pythium oligandrum, and continuing fermenting to obtain the composition for preventing and treating the 'short-shoot' winter jujube fruit shrinkage.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the yeast is added in an amount of 0.4-1% by mass of the total mass of the chicken bone meal or egg shell, green bean and potato pieces; the days of fermentation after adding the yeast are 45-50 days, and the days of fermentation after adding the pythium oligandrum are 3-5 days.
7. A method for preventing and treating 'short-branch' winter jujube fruit shrinkage is characterized in that barks on the upper sides of branches of 'short-branch' winter jujubes are cut off to form pits, a composition for preventing and treating 'short-branch' winter jujube fruit shrinkage, which is defined in claim 4, is coated on the pits, the device, which is defined in claim 1, is fixed on the pits coated with the composition, and then pythium oligandrum solution is injected into a liquid injection port of the device, which is defined in claim 1.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the pits are 0.5-2 cm wide, 2-4 cm long and 0.2-0.5 cm deep, and the thickness of the composition for preventing and treating the 'short-shoot' winter jujube fruit shrinkage is 1-2 cm.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the pythium oligandrum solution is prepared by mixing pythium oligandrum with water according to a mass ratio of 0.1.
10. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the Pythium oligandrum solution is injected into the jujube pit by 2-5 mL of the Pythium oligandrum solution flowing out from the outlet of the device every 3-5 days for 4-6 times.
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| LU503376A LU503376B1 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2023-01-19 | Device for preventing and controlling short-branched winter jujube shrink and using method thereof |
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| CN115517097B (en) | 2023-11-10 |
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