CN115450607B - Complex fracture-cavity type oil reservoir three-dimensional physical simulation experiment device and experiment method - Google Patents
Complex fracture-cavity type oil reservoir three-dimensional physical simulation experiment device and experiment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115450607B CN115450607B CN202211128670.2A CN202211128670A CN115450607B CN 115450607 B CN115450607 B CN 115450607B CN 202211128670 A CN202211128670 A CN 202211128670A CN 115450607 B CN115450607 B CN 115450607B
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010010149 Complicated fracture Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 34
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000002565 Open Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B25/06—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for surveying; for geography, e.g. relief models
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/40—Controlling or monitoring, e.g. of flood or hurricane; Forecasting, e.g. risk assessment or mapping
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional physical simulation experiment device and an experiment method for a complex fracture-cavity oil reservoir, wherein the experiment device comprises a fluid injection system, a reservoir simulation system and an experiment recording system, and the reservoir simulation system comprises an experiment box body, an insulating filter screen, a fracture simulation device, a karst cavity simulation device, a shaft and a measuring electrode; the inner wall surface of the box body is provided with an anti-channeling structure, the intersection of the convex structures on the anti-channeling structure is frosted, the frosted cross section is circular, and the diameter of the circular cross section is equal to the height of the convex structures; two layers of detachable insulating filter screens are equidistantly arranged in the box body, and the crack simulation device and the karst cave simulation device are fixedly arranged in the box body through crack fixing pieces and karst cave fixing pieces. The invention can effectively prevent the wall surface of the three-dimensional model from flowing, simulate the development conditions of different cracks and karst cave of the fracture-cave type oil deposit, fully consider the influence of stratum inclination angle on the development process, and obtain the layering residual oil distribution in a multi-well pattern by measuring the resistance in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil reservoir development, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional physical simulation experiment device and method for a complex fracture-cavity oil reservoir.
Background
Carbonate reservoirs account for 52% of world oil reserves and are one of the world important oil-increasing and upper-producing areas. The reserve of the carbonate reservoir in western China is rich and accounts for about 2/3 of the ascertained reserve. Carbonate reservoir karst cave and crack development, water drive recovery ratio is extremely low. The reason is that most of carbonate fracture-cavity type oil reservoirs are karst cave-fracture complex combination bodies, the combination relation of the fracture and the karst cave is complex, and the reservoir heterogeneity is extremely strong due to the multi-scale distribution characteristics, so that the water flooding and gas flooding development rules are seriously unknown, and the water flooding and gas flooding recovery ratio is low. Accurately recognizing the water flooding and gas flooding development rules of carbonate fracture-cavity oil reservoirs is important to formulating reasonable development technical policies and improving the recovery ratio of the oil reservoirs.
The physical simulation method is an important means for knowing the exploitation characteristics of the fractured-vuggy carbonate oil reservoir and defining the occurrence rules of residual oil, wherein the three-dimensional physical simulation method becomes one of the important methods for developing the physical simulation of the fractured-vuggy oil reservoir due to the characteristics of large scale and capability of describing the characteristics of cracks and karst holes.
The patent of application number 202010000391.2 discloses a three-dimensional heterogeneous oil reservoir multi-well pattern water drive physical simulation experiment device, which adopts alloy materials to manufacture a box body with smooth inner wall, and simulates the oil and water production conditions between different layers by installing filter screens in the box body; the patent of application number 201510712835.4 discloses a fracture-cavity type carbonate reservoir physical model, a displacement simulation experiment device and a displacement simulation experiment system, wherein the fracture-cavity type carbonate reservoir physical model and the displacement simulation experiment device are embedded into a karst cavity and a fracture model on an acrylic material to study the filling physical property and the oil-water flow relation of the fracture cavity; the patent of application number 201310665277.1 discloses a full three-dimensional simulation visual displacement simulation experiment system for a fracture-cavity type oil reservoir, which is used for researching the fluid exchange rule between the fracture-cavities of the oil reservoir by placing a fracture-cavity model formed by plastic suction in a water tank made of organic glass.
However, the three-dimensional physical simulation experiment device for the fracture-cavity oil reservoir disclosed at present has the following problems:
1. The problem faced by the existing three-dimensional sand filling physical model and the three-dimensional cementing physical model is that fluid flows along the inner wall surface of the model, and the matrix and the inner wall of the model cannot be matched, so that injected fluid flows along the wall surface easily, and the fluid flow rule reflected by the model is inaccurate. The higher the pressure the more severe the channeling;
2. the existing three-dimensional fracture-cavity model is fixed in cracks and karst cavities, cannot be reused, and has high experimental cost;
3. At present, the existing fracture-cavity model is mostly manufactured by etching based on organic glass, and the pressure-resistant capability of the model is limited.
In order to solve the problems, a three-dimensional physical simulation experiment device and an experiment method for a complex fracture-cavity type oil reservoir are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention designs a three-dimensional physical simulation experiment device and an experiment method for a complex fracture-cavity oil reservoir, and the inner wall surface of a three-dimensional model is provided with an anti-channeling surface structure, so that the problem of channeling of fluid along the wall surface in the model in a high-pressure state can be effectively solved, and the pressure endurance capacity of the model is obviously enhanced; in addition, the model designs a detachable fracture model and a karst cave body model, and the models are provided with seepage holes and sand control nets, so that the fluid flow rule between fracture-cave type oil reservoirs and the karst cave bodies can be effectively simulated, meanwhile, the model fully considers the flow relationship between fracture-cave type oil reservoir matrixes, the fractures and the karst cave, and the petroleum exploitation characteristics in the complex fracture-cave oil reservoirs can be reflected more truly; the sealing rubber pad at the joint of the box cover and the box body of the model, the solid rubber and the adhesive involved in the model are all high-temperature-resistant industrial solid rubber, so that the stability of the model under high temperature and high pressure conditions can be ensured.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a three-dimensional physical simulation experiment device of complicated fracture-cavity type oil reservoir, includes fluid injection system, reservoir simulation system, experiment record system, reservoir simulation system be connected with fluid injection system, experiment record system is connected with reservoir simulation system, its characterized in that: the reservoir simulation system comprises an experiment box body, an insulating filter screen, a crack simulation device, a karst cave simulation device, a shaft and a measuring electrode, wherein the experiment box body further comprises an upper box body cover which is detachably arranged, the upper box body cover is provided with the measuring electrode and the shaft, the shaft is provided with holes, the shaft is externally wrapped with a steel wire filter screen, and the shaft further comprises a horizontal well and a vertical shaft; the inner wall surface of the box body is provided with an anti-channeling structure, the intersection of the convex structures on the anti-channeling structure is frosted, the frosted cross section is circular, and the diameter of the circular cross section is equal to the height of the convex structures; two layers of detachable insulating filter screens are arranged at equal intervals in the box body, the experimental box body is divided into three layers, a groove is formed in the inner wall surface of the box body, the insulating filter screens are detachably arranged on the groove, the edges of the insulating filter screens are fixed on the inner wall of the box body through screws, and the crack simulation device and the karst cave simulation device are fixedly arranged in the box body through crack fixing pieces and karst cave fixing pieces.
As the preference, experimental box lateral wall be equipped with the sand filling mouth that supplies the sand filling body and the sand filling lid of matching, the sand filling lid passes through the bolt fastening on the box, is provided with high temperature resistant sealed rubber ring between sand filling lid and the box, experimental box both sides have the pivot, can let experimental box follow axial rotation on the model support, the whole U type that is of model support, U type support positive and negative has U type guide rail, experimental box positive and negative bottom both sides welding support, the installation skidding on the support, the skidding card is inside U type guide rail, the skidding side has fixed bolt.
Preferably, the mesh number of the insulating filter screen is larger than that of quartz sand used in experiments, an adhesive is coated on the insulating filter screen, a temperature-resistant sealing rubber ring is arranged at the sealing position of the upper box cover and the box body, and the upper box cover is connected with the box body through bolts.
Preferably, the crack simulation device comprises a stainless steel framework, a steel wire filter screen and seepage holes, wherein the crack framework is formed by stainless steel bars, the thickness of each stainless steel bar is the width of each crack, the seepage holes are formed in the stainless steel bars, the steel wire filter screen is tightly wrapped outside the framework, and the mesh number of the steel wire filter screen is larger than that of quartz sand.
Preferably, the karst cave model comprises a karst cave shell, seepage holes and a steel wire filter screen, wherein a plurality of seepage holes are formed in the karst cave shell, the steel wire filter screen is tightly wrapped on the karst cave shell, and the mesh number of the steel wire filter screen is larger than that of quartz sand.
Preferably, the fluid injection system comprises an air source, a constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump, a simulated injection device, an inlet pressure sensor and a valve, wherein the air source and the constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump are connected to two ends of the simulated injection device through pipelines, the valves are arranged on the pipelines, and the simulated injection device further comprises a simulated air injection device, a simulated oil injection device and a simulated water injection device.
Preferably, the experiment recording system comprises an inlet pressure sensor, an outlet pressure sensor, a flow sensor, a video camera, a digital bridge and a computer, wherein the inlet pressure sensor and the outlet pressure sensor are arranged on an inlet pipeline and an outlet pipeline, and the flow sensor is arranged between the outlet pipeline and the box body.
The invention further aims to provide an experimental method of the three-dimensional physical simulation experimental device for the complex fracture-cavity type oil reservoir, which comprises the following steps:
S1, manufacturing a crack and karst cave model with reduced equal proportion according to real karst cave and crack parameters, wherein the width of the crack model is equal to the thickness of a selected steel bar, the length of the crack model is equal to the length of a longitudinal steel bar, the height of the crack model is equal to the length of a transverse steel bar, after a crack model frame is determined, every 5mm of the inside of the frame is provided with one steel bar, each steel bar is provided with a seepage hole with the diameter of 0.3mm at the interval of 0.8mm, the karst cave model is formed by pouring stainless steel materials in a reverse mode after the real karst cave is reduced in equal proportion, the thickness of the stainless steel is 3mm, seepage holes which are uniformly distributed and moderately are drilled on a stainless steel shell, according to experimental requirements, contents can be filled in the crack and the karst cave model, and then a steel wire filter screen is tightly wrapped outside the crack and the karst cave model;
S2, smearing an adhesive on the relative position of a steel wire filter screen with the size of 500mm multiplied by 300mm according to the development condition of a real interlayer to simulate a well developed interlayer, reserving the positions of an electrode and a shaft on the filter screen according to the relative position, fixing a crack, a karst cave and a horizontal well on the steel wire filter screen, arranging the electrode and the shaft on an upper box cover, sequentially arranging the interlayer filter screens, covering the box cover, paying attention to the shaft and the electrode at the correct position, and sealing a top cover;
S3, according to the matrix permeability set by experiments, adopting a quartz sand mixture and an adhesive in a proper proportion, and fully and uniformly mixing for later use;
S4, loosening a bolt on the U-shaped support, pushing the experiment box body, enabling the box body to rotate 90 degrees anticlockwise along the direction of the guide rail, screwing the bolt, fixing the position of the box body, opening a sand filling cover, filling the prepared quartz sand mixture layer by layer from a sand filling port, continuously knocking the outer box body, ensuring that the quartz sand mixture is filled and uniformly filled in all layers, covering the sand filling cover after filling is finished, installing bolts, loosening the bolt, pushing the box body to rotate 90 degrees clockwise along the direction of the U-shaped guide rail or simulating the inclination of an inclined stratum, reaching an experiment planning position, screwing the bolt, and fixing the position of the box body;
s5, placing the model in a 70 ℃ incubator, and solidifying for 48 hours;
S6, preparing experimental fluid, connecting an inlet pipeline, an experimental box body, an outlet pipeline and a flow sensor, placing a camera, and connecting a saturation electrode, a digital bridge and a computer;
S7, taking a water injection open fracture-cavity type oil reservoir as an example, opening a valve c, a valve g, a valve h, a valve i, a valve j and a constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump after vacuumizing, closing other valves, saturating stratum water, closing all valves and constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pumps when the saturated water is finished, shaking a manual rotation power support to enable a tank body to axially rotate 180 degrees, opening a valve b, a valve f, a valve h, a valve i, a valve j, a valve k, a valve l, a valve m and a constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump, saturating crude oil, closing all valves and constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pumps when the saturated oil is finished, shaking the manual rotation power support, and rotating an experimental tank body 180 degrees to the original position;
S8, after the camera, the digital bridge and the computer are opened, opening a valve c, a valve g, a valve h, a valve i, a valve j, a valve k, a valve l, a valve m and a constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump, injecting stratum water according to an experimental set speed, recording the liquid production amount in real time by the camera, and reading and recording the saturation electrode data in real time by the computer;
and S9, after the experiment is finished, closing the constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump and all valves, deriving experimental data, drawing a saturation field diagram according to the saturation electrode data, and drawing a liquid production curve.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the inner wall surface of the three-dimensional model is provided with an anti-channeling surface structure, so that the problem of channeling of fluid along the wall surface in the model under a high pressure state can be effectively solved, and the pressure endurance of the model is obviously enhanced;
2. In addition, the model designs a detachable fracture model and a karst cave body model, and the models are provided with seepage holes and sand control nets, so that the fluid flow rule between fracture-cave type oil reservoirs and the karst cave bodies can be effectively simulated, meanwhile, the model fully considers the flow relationship between fracture-cave type oil reservoir matrixes, the fractures and the karst cave, and the petroleum exploitation characteristics in the complex fracture-cave oil reservoirs can be reflected more truly;
3. The sealing rubber pad at the joint of the box cover and the box body of the model, the solid rubber and the adhesive involved in the model are all high-temperature-resistant industrial solid rubber, so that the stability of the model under high temperature and high pressure conditions can be ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional physical experiment device for a fracture-cavity oil reservoir;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of the three-dimensional physical experimental device of the fracture-cavity oil reservoir;
FIG. 3 is a front view and a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of an inner wall surface structure of the fracture-cavity type oil reservoir three-dimensional physical experiment device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of a fracture model of the fracture-cavity type oil reservoir three-dimensional physical experiment device;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a karst cave model of the fracture-cave type oil reservoir three-dimensional physical experiment device;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of a wellbore model of the fracture-cavity type reservoir three-dimensional physical experiment device;
in the figure: 1-a constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump; 2-valve a; 3-valve b; 4-valve c; 5-valve d; 6-valve e; 7-valve f; 8-valve g; 9-air source; 10-an inlet pressure sensor; 11-valve h; 12-valve i; 13-valve j; 111-valve k; 121-valve l; 131-valve m; 14-an experiment box body; 15-producing well; 16-injection well; 17-electrode; 18-a digital bridge; 19-a computer; 20-outlet pressure sensor; 21-a flow meter; 22-a real-time camera recording device; 23-top cover fixing bolts; 24-simulating an air injection device; 25-simulating an oiling device; 26-simulating a water injection device; 27-an inlet line; 28-outlet line; 29-well pattern; 30-a horizontal well; 31-shaft; 32-U-shaped guide rails; 33-skidding; 34-sand filling cover; 35-cracking; 36-karst cave; 37-split mount; 38-karst cave fixing parts; 39-sand filling cover fixing bolts; 40-fixing the bolt; 41-a base; 42-rotating shaft; 43-manual rotation of the booster support; 44-U-shaped brackets; 45-an insulating filter screen; 171-karst cave electrode; 172-crack electrodes; 46-a cover; 47-sanding block; 48-a cross-flow prevention structure; 49-wire screen a; 50-stainless steel skeleton; 51-crack seepage hole; 52-a steel wire filter screen b; 53-karst cave seepage holes; 54-karst cave shells; 55-wellbores; 56-wellbore aperture; 57-filter screen c; 58-upper case lid.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the experimental tank 14 has dimensions of 500mm×450mm×300mm, and includes a detachable upper tank cover 58, and the upper tank cover 58 is provided with an injection well 16 and a production well 15, and fluid can be injected into the tank through a well bore 55. The wellbore 55 is drilled with perforations, and the exterior of the wellbore 55 is wrapped with a wire screen (to prevent sand from entering the wellbore 55), simulating perforation. The inner wall surface of the box body is provided with an anti-channeling concave-convex structure, the size of the anti-channeling convex structure is 10mm multiplied by 10mm, the depth is 5mm, the interval between every two convex structures is 10mm, the intersection of the convex structures is frosted, the cross section of the frosted part is circular, the diameter of the circular part is 4mm, and the cross section of the frosted part is as high as the convex structures, so that fluid can be effectively prevented from channeling along the wall surface of the experimental box body 14. Two layers of detachable insulating filter screens 45 are arranged in the box body at equal intervals (150 mm), the inside of the experimental box body 14 is divided into three layers, a groove with the width of 5mm is reserved on the inner wall surface of the box body every 145mm, the groove is used for installing the insulating filter screens 45, and the edges of the insulating filter screens 45 are fixed on the inner wall of the box body by screws. The number of the meshes of the insulating filter screen 45 is larger than that of quartz sand used in experiments, and adhesive can be coated on the insulating filter screen 45, so that interlayer with different development degrees can be simulated by changing the adhesive coating area. The sealing parts of the upper box cover 58 and the box body adopt temperature-resistant sealing rubber rings. The upper case cover 58 is connected to the case by bolts; the number of layers of the insulating screen 45 is determined according to the number of layers of the oil reservoir in experimental simulation.
The size of the crack 35 is scaled according to the length-width-height equal proportion of the real crack 35, the length-width-height of the framework is determined, the framework of the crack 35 is composed of a plurality of stainless steel bars with the width of 3mm and a certain thickness, and the thickness of the stainless steel bars is the slit width of the crack 35. Every interval 5mm arranges a stainless steel strip, and every stainless steel wire is last interval 0.8mm to bore a seepage hole of diameter 0.3mm, and this hole can guarantee the throughput of fluid in crack 35, and the outside closely parcel steel wire filter screen of skeleton, the mesh number of steel wire filter screen is greater than the quartz sand mesh number of using, prevents that the sand body from getting into crack 35. According to experimental setting, the cracks 35 and the karst cave 36 can be filled with quartz sand fillers with a certain proportion, so that different filling degrees of the cracks and the karst cave can be simulated.
The karst cave 36 model is manufactured after being scaled down according to the real karst cave 36 model, the thickness of the stainless steel shell is 3mm, the shell evenly drills a plurality of seepage holes on the premise of guaranteeing strength, the trafficability of fluid is guaranteed, a steel wire filter screen is tightly wrapped on the stainless steel shell, the mesh number of the steel wire filter screen is larger than that of quartz sand used, and sand is prevented from entering the karst cave 36.
The crack 35 simulator and the karst cave 36 simulator are fixed on the insulating filter screen 45 in advance through the steel wire supporting frame, when the crack 35 and the karst cave 36 cross the reservoir, the positions of the crack 35 and the karst cave 36 are reserved on the insulating filter screen 45 in advance, and the joint of the crack 35, the karst cave 36 and the insulating filter screen 45 is sealed and fixed by using an insulating adhesive.
The measuring electrode 17 and the shaft 55 (horizontal well 30 and shaft 31) are both fixed to the upper housing cover 58, wherein the horizontal well 30 needs to be fixed in advance in the housing. Three pairs of electrodes 17 can be arranged around each wellhead and respectively correspond to each layer of box body, and each pair of electrodes 17 is correspondingly arranged in the middle of each layer of box body. When the fluid saturation in the cracks 35 and the karst cave 36 is measured, the positions of the electrodes 17 are reserved on the cracks 35 and the karst cave 36, and the electrodes 17 extend into the karst cave 36 and the cracks 35. The electrode 17, the shaft 55, the crack 35, the karst cave 36, the crack 35, the intersection of the supporting frame of the karst cave 36 and the insulating filter screen 45, the contact part of the karst cave 36, the crack 35 and the electrode 17, and the intersection of the insulating filter screen 45 and the wall surface of the box body are all provided with insulating adhesive.
The side wall of the experiment box 14 is provided with a sand filling port for filling sand and a matched sand filling cover 34, the sand filling cover 34 is fixed on the box through bolts, and a high-temperature-resistant sealing rubber ring is arranged between the sand filling cover 34 and the box. In the experiment, a sand filling mode of cemented quartz sand is adopted to simulate an oil reservoir matrix, and the matrix is simulated in a box body through the sand filling cementing mode, wherein the sand filling adopts quartz sand with different meshes to mix, and the quartz sand is solidified by adopting an adhesive. According to experimental design, the aim of simulating specific permeability is achieved by adjusting the component proportion of quartz sand and the dosage of adhesive. The two sides of the experiment box 14 are provided with the rotating shafts 42, so that the experiment box 14 can axially rotate on the model support, and sand bodies can be conveniently filled. The whole model support is U type, and the hand U type support 44 positive and negative has U type guide rail 32, and experimental box 14 positive and negative bottom both sides welded support installs the skidding 33 on the support, and skidding 33 card is inside U type guide rail 32, and the skidding 33 is other to have bolt 40, and when bolt 40 loosen, experimental box 14 can let experimental box 14 along the guide rail light rotation under the manual work promotes. When the model rotates 90 degrees anticlockwise along the U-shaped guide rail 32, the sand filling port is positioned right above the model, sand filling is facilitated, the box body can also rotate for different angles (-90 degrees to 90 degrees), and different stratum dip angles can be simulated.
The experiment recording system comprises an outlet pressure sensor 20, a flow sensor 21, a real-time shooting and recording device 22, a digital bridge 18 and a computer, wherein an outlet pipeline 28 is connected with the box body and the flow sensor 21, the pressure sensor records the outlet pressure, the real-time shooting and recording device 22 monitors flow change in real time, the digital bridge 18 is connected with a saturation probe at the upper part of the box body, and the computer reads and records resistance change in real time to calculate the fluid saturation in the box body.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 to 6: 1. and (5) manufacturing models of the cracks 35 and the karst cave 36 with equal proportion reduced according to parameters of the real karst cave 36 and the cracks 35. The width of the crack 35 model is equal to the thickness of the selected steel bars, the length of the crack 35 model is equal to the length of the longitudinal steel bars, the height of the crack 35 model is equal to the length of the transverse steel bars, after the crack 35 model frame is determined, one steel bar is arranged in the frame at intervals of 5mm, and a seepage hole with the diameter of 0.3mm is drilled in each steel bar at intervals of 0.8 mm. The karst cave 36 model is formed by pouring a stainless steel material in a reverse mode after the size of the real karst cave 36 is reduced in an equal proportion, the thickness of the stainless steel is 3mm, and seepage holes which are uniformly distributed and have moderate quantity are drilled on a stainless steel shell. According to experimental requirements, the inside of the crack 35 and karst cave 36 model can be filled with contents, and then the outside of the crack 35 and karst cave 36 model is tightly wrapped with the steel wire filter screen.
2. According to the development condition of the real interlayer, the adhesive is smeared at the relative position of the steel wire filter screen with the size of 500mm multiplied by 300mm to simulate the well developed interlayer. According to the relative positions, the positions of the electrode 17 and the shaft 55 are reserved on the filter screen, the crack 35, the karst cave 36 and the horizontal well 30 are fixed on the steel wire filter screen, the electrode 17 and the vertical shaft 31 are arranged on the upper box cover 58, the interlayer filter screen is arranged in sequence, the box cover 58 is covered, the shaft 55 and the electrode 17 are positioned at the correct positions, and the top cover is sealed.
3. According to the matrix permeability set by experiments, a quartz sand mixture and an adhesive in proper proportion are adopted and fully and uniformly mixed for standby.
4. The bolt 40 on the U-shaped bracket 44 is loosened, the experimental box 14 is pushed, the box is rotated 90 degrees anticlockwise along the direction of the guide rail, the bolt 40 is screwed, and the box position is fixed. The sand filling cover 34 is opened, the prepared quartz sand mixture is filled layer by layer from the sand filling opening, and the outer box body is constantly knocked, so that the quartz sand mixture is ensured to be filled and evenly filled in each layer. After filling, a sand filling cover 34 is covered, and bolts are put on. The bolt 40 is released, the box is pushed to rotate 90 degrees clockwise along the U-shaped guide rail 32 or the inclination of the simulated inclined stratum is reached to the experimental plan position, the bolt 40 is screwed, and the box position is fixed.
5. The model was placed in a 70 ℃ incubator for 48 hours of consolidation.
6. The experimental fluid was prepared, the inlet pipe 27, the experimental box 14, the outlet pipe 28, and the flow sensor 21 were connected, the real-time image recording device 22 was placed, and the saturation electrode 17, the digital bridge 18, and the computer 19 were connected.
7. Taking a water injection open fracture-cavity oil reservoir as an example, opening a valve c4, a valve g8, a valve h11, a valve i12, a valve j13 and a constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump 1 after vacuumizing, closing other valves, and saturating formation water. After the saturated water is finished, all valves and the constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump 1 are closed. The manual rotation assisting support 43 is rocked to enable the tank body to rotate 180 degrees along the axial direction, and the valve b3, the valve f7, the valve h11, the valve i12, the valve j13, the valve k111, the valve l121, the valve m131 and the constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump 1 are opened to saturate crude oil. After the saturated oil is finished, all valves and constant-speed and constant-pressure displacement pumps 1 are closed, the manual rotation power support 43 is rocked, and the experiment box 14 is rotated for 180 degrees to return to the original position.
8. After the real-time photographing and recording device 22, the digital bridge 18 and the computer are opened, the valve c4, the valve g8, the valve h11, the valve i12, the valve j13, the valve k111, the valve l121, the valve m131 and the constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump 1 are opened, stratum water is injected according to the experimental set speed, the real-time photographing and recording device 22 records the liquid production amount in real time, and the computer reads and records the data of the saturation electrode 17 in real time.
9. After the experiment is finished, the constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump 1 and all valves are closed, experimental data are derived, a saturation field diagram is drawn according to the data of the saturation electrode 17, and a liquid production curve is drawn.
In the description of the present specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "example," "specific example," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended only to assist in the explanation of the invention. The preferred embodiments are not exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and the full scope and equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a three-dimensional physical simulation experiment device of complicated fracture-cavity type oil reservoir, includes fluid injection system, reservoir simulation system, experiment record system, reservoir simulation system be connected with fluid injection system, experiment record system is connected with reservoir simulation system, its characterized in that: the reservoir simulation system comprises an experiment box body, an insulating filter screen, a crack simulation device, a karst cave simulation device, a shaft and a measuring electrode, wherein the experiment box body further comprises an upper box body cover which is detachably arranged, the upper box body cover is provided with the measuring electrode and the shaft, the shaft is provided with holes, the shaft is externally wrapped with a steel wire filter screen, and the shaft further comprises a horizontal well and a vertical shaft; the inner wall surface of the box body is provided with an anti-channeling concave-convex structure, the size of the anti-channeling concave-convex structure is 10mm multiplied by 10mm, the depth is 5mm, the interval between the transverse convex structures and the longitudinal convex structures is 10mm, the convex structures in adjacent rows and columns are arranged in a staggered mode, the intersection of the convex structures is subjected to frosting treatment, the section of a frosted part is circular, the diameter of the circular is 4mm, and the diameter of the circular is equal to the height of the convex structures; two layers of detachable insulating filter screens are equidistantly arranged in the box body, the experimental box body is divided into three layers, a groove is formed in the inner wall surface of the box body, the insulating filter screens are detachably arranged on the groove, the edges of the insulating filter screens are fixed on the inner wall of the box body through screws, the crack simulation device and the karst cave simulation device are fixedly arranged in the box body through crack fixing pieces and karst cave fixing pieces, the crack simulation device and the karst cave simulation device are fixed on the insulating filter screens through steel wire supporting frames, and the joint of the cracks, the karst cave and the insulating filter screens is sealed and fixed through insulating adhesive;
The mesh number of the insulating filter screen is larger than that of quartz sand used in experiments, an adhesive is coated on the insulating filter screen, a temperature-resistant sealing rubber ring is arranged at the sealing position of the upper box cover and the box body, and the upper box cover is connected with the box body through bolts;
The crack simulation device comprises a stainless steel framework, a steel wire filter screen and seepage holes, wherein the crack framework is formed by stainless steel bars, the thickness of each stainless steel bar is the crack width of each crack, the seepage holes are formed in each stainless steel bar, the steel wire filter screen is tightly wrapped outside the framework, and the mesh number of the steel wire filter screen is larger than that of quartz sand used;
The karst cave model comprises a karst cave shell, seepage holes and a steel wire filter screen, wherein a plurality of seepage holes are formed in the karst cave shell, the steel wire filter screen is tightly wrapped on the karst cave shell, and the mesh number of the steel wire filter screen is larger than that of quartz sand.
2. The three-dimensional physical simulation experiment device for the complex fracture-cavity oil reservoir, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the experimental box side wall be equipped with the sand filling mouth that supplies the sand filling body and the sand filling lid of matching, the sand filling lid passes through the bolt fastening on the box, is provided with high temperature resistant sealed rubber ring between sand filling lid and the box, experimental box both sides have the pivot, can let experimental box follow axial rotation on the model support, the model support is whole to U type, U type support positive and negative has U type guide rail, experimental box positive and negative bottom both sides welded support, the epaxial installation roller skate of support, the roller skate card is inside U type guide rail, the roller skate has fixed bolt.
3. The three-dimensional physical simulation experiment device for the complex fracture-cavity oil reservoir, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fluid injection system comprises an air source, a constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump, a simulated priming device, an inlet pressure sensor and a valve, wherein the air source and the constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump are connected to two ends of the simulated priming device through pipelines, the valves are arranged on the pipelines, and the simulated priming device further comprises a simulated air injection device, a simulated oiling device and a simulated water injection device.
4. The three-dimensional physical simulation experiment device for the complex fracture-cavity oil reservoir, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the experiment recording system comprises an inlet pressure sensor, an outlet pressure sensor, a flow sensor, a camera, a digital bridge and a computer, wherein the inlet pressure sensor and the outlet pressure sensor are arranged on an inlet pipeline and an outlet pipeline, the flow sensor is arranged between the outlet pipeline and the box body, and the inlet pressure sensor, the outlet pressure sensor, the flow sensor, the camera, the digital bridge and the computer are in telecommunication connection.
5. The experimental method of the three-dimensional physical simulation experimental device for the complex fracture-cavity oil reservoir according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
S1, manufacturing a crack and karst cave model with reduced equal proportion according to real karst cave and crack parameters, wherein the width of the crack model is equal to the thickness of a selected steel bar, the length of the crack model is equal to the length of a longitudinal steel bar, the height of the crack model is equal to the length of a transverse steel bar, after a crack model frame is determined, every 5mm of the inside of the frame is provided with one steel bar, each steel bar is provided with a seepage hole with the diameter of 0.3 mm at the interval of 0.8 mm, the karst cave model is formed by pouring stainless steel materials in a reverse mode after the real karst cave is reduced in equal proportion, the thickness of the stainless steel is 3mm, seepage holes with uniform distribution and moderate quantity are drilled on a stainless steel shell, according to experimental requirements, contents are filled in the crack and the karst cave model, and then a steel wire filter screen is tightly wrapped outside the crack and the karst cave model;
S2, smearing an adhesive on the relative position of a steel wire filter screen with the size of 500mm multiplied by 300mm according to the development condition of a real interlayer to simulate a well developed interlayer, reserving the positions of an electrode and a shaft on the filter screen according to the relative position, fixing a crack, a karst cave and a horizontal well on the steel wire filter screen, arranging the electrode and the shaft on an upper box cover, sequentially arranging the interlayer filter screens, covering the box cover, paying attention to the shaft and the electrode at the correct position, and sealing a top cover;
S3, according to the matrix permeability set by experiments, adopting a quartz sand mixture and an adhesive in a proper proportion, and fully and uniformly mixing for later use;
S4, loosening a bolt on the U-shaped support, pushing the experiment box body, enabling the box body to rotate 90 degrees anticlockwise along the direction of the guide rail, screwing the bolt, fixing the position of the box body, opening a sand filling cover, filling the prepared quartz sand mixture layer by layer from a sand filling port, continuously knocking the outer box body, ensuring that the quartz sand mixture is filled and uniformly filled in all layers, covering the sand filling cover after filling is finished, installing bolts, loosening the bolt, pushing the box body to rotate 90 degrees clockwise along the direction of the U-shaped guide rail or simulating the inclination of an inclined stratum, reaching an experiment planning position, screwing the bolt, and fixing the position of the box body;
s5, placing the model in a 70 ℃ incubator, and solidifying for 48 hours;
S6, preparing experimental fluid, connecting an inlet pipeline, an experimental box body, an outlet pipeline and a flow sensor, placing a camera, and connecting a saturation electrode, a digital bridge and a computer;
S7, after vacuumizing, opening a valve c, a valve g, a valve h, a valve i, a valve j and a constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump, closing other valves, saturating stratum water, closing all valves and the constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump after saturation water is finished, shaking the manual rotation power support to enable the box body to axially rotate 180 degrees, opening a valve b, a valve f, a valve h, a valve i, a valve j, a valve k, a valve l, a valve m and the constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump, saturating crude oil, closing all valves and the constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump after saturation oil is finished, shaking the manual rotation power support, and rotating the experimental box body by 180 degrees to the original position;
S8, after the camera, the digital bridge and the computer are opened, opening a valve c, a valve g, a valve h, a valve i, a valve j, a valve k, a valve l, a valve m and a constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump, injecting stratum water according to an experimental set speed, recording the liquid production amount in real time by the camera, and reading and recording the saturation electrode data in real time by the computer;
and S9, after the experiment is finished, closing the constant-speed constant-pressure displacement pump and all valves, deriving experimental data, drawing a saturation field diagram according to the saturation electrode data, and drawing a liquid production curve.
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