CN115441177B - Dual-band broadband vehicle-mounted antenna suitable for vehicle-mounted satellite and vehicle networking communication and communication equipment - Google Patents
Dual-band broadband vehicle-mounted antenna suitable for vehicle-mounted satellite and vehicle networking communication and communication equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN115441177B CN115441177B CN202211160363.2A CN202211160363A CN115441177B CN 115441177 B CN115441177 B CN 115441177B CN 202211160363 A CN202211160363 A CN 202211160363A CN 115441177 B CN115441177 B CN 115441177B
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 230000005404 monopole Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 146
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 146
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
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Abstract
The application provides a dual-band broadband vehicle-mounted antenna and communication equipment suitable for vehicle-mounted satellite and vehicle networking communication, which comprises a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate and a third dielectric substrate, wherein the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, and a stika-shaped slot coupling patch array, a feed structure and a top-loaded monopole array are respectively arranged on the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate; the swastika-shaped slot coupling patch array is used for a main radiator in a low-frequency right-handed circularly polarized side-emission state and an excitation structure in a high-frequency vertical polarized double-end-emission state, and the top-loaded monopole array is used for realizing high-frequency radiation vertical polarized double-end-emission electromagnetic waves. The dual-band antenna realizes dual-band design without increasing the additional size of the patch antenna, and radiates side-emission right-hand circular polarized electromagnetic waves and double-end-emission vertical polarized electromagnetic waves in two bands respectively, so that the radiation characteristic is extremely suitable for vehicle satellite communication and vehicle networking communication. Meanwhile, the antenna has the characteristics of wide bandwidth, simple structure and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a dual-band broadband vehicle-mounted antenna and communication equipment suitable for vehicle-mounted satellite and vehicle networking communication.
Background
With the development of 5G communication acceleration automatic driving technology, stable real-time information interaction between vehicles and other equipment such as satellites and internet of vehicles is of great significance. In general, a vehicle satellite communication antenna needs to cover a C-band and has a side-emitting right-handed circular polarization characteristic. Meanwhile, an antenna in the Internet of vehicles system needs to cover a special short-wave communication frequency band and has linear polarization omnidirectional/double-end-emission radiation characteristics. In order to accomplish the above communication tasks simultaneously, it is necessary to integrate a plurality of different antennas with a single function in the system, but this inevitably increases the space occupied, and integrates a plurality of antennas in a narrow system space, and the isolation between the antenna ports is deteriorated, which also results in deterioration of the communication quality. Accordingly, antennas having dual band, wideband, multi-function, and polarization and pattern diversity characteristics are widely focused and demanded.
Disclosure of Invention
One object of the present invention is to provide a dual band broadband vehicle antenna suitable for vehicle satellite and internet of vehicles communications.
The invention aims at realizing the technical scheme that the device comprises a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate and a third dielectric substrate which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, wherein a stika-shaped gap coupling patch array is arranged on the first dielectric substrate, a feed structure is arranged on the second dielectric substrate, and a monopole array loaded at the top is arranged on the third dielectric substrate;
the swastika-shaped slot coupling patch array comprises four swastika-shaped patches which are sequentially rotated by 90 degrees along the center point of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, a main radiator used for a low-frequency right-handed circularly polarized side-emitting state and an excitation structure used for a high-frequency vertically polarized double-end-emitting state;
The feeding structure comprises a first L-shaped feeding patch unit and a second L-shaped feeding patch unit which are arranged along the central point of the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate in a rotating way by 180 degrees, wherein the first L-shaped feeding patch unit and the second L-shaped feeding patch unit are used for exciting and disturbing a broadband mode generated by the stika-shaped gap coupling patch array so as to realize low-frequency side-emission right-hand circular polarization radiation;
the top-loading monopole array comprises four top-loading monopole units symmetrically arranged along two central lines of the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate, and the top-loading monopole units are used for realizing high-frequency radiation vertical polarization double-end-emission electromagnetic waves.
Further, the swastika-shaped patch is obtained by etching four etching grooves with the same length and width through the square patch, the four etching grooves are sequentially rotated by 90 degrees along the center point of the swastika-shaped patch, and the etching grooves are used for improving high-frequency impedance bandwidth.
Further, the first L-shaped feeding patch unit comprises a first long metal arm and a first short metal arm which are perpendicular to each other, and the first long metal arm and the first short metal arm are connected through a first metal branch;
the second L-shaped feeding patch unit comprises a second long metal arm and a second short metal arm which are perpendicular to each other, and the second long metal arm and the second short metal arm are connected through a second metal branch;
The included angle between the central axes of the first long metal arm and the second long metal arm and the central axis of the upper surface of the second medium substrate is 45 degrees, a first half-wavelength horizontal branch is etched in the first long metal arm, a second half-wavelength horizontal branch is etched in the second long metal arm, and the lower end surfaces of the tail ends of the first half-wavelength horizontal branch and the second half-wavelength horizontal branch are connected with a grounding shorting post penetrating through the second medium substrate and the third medium substrate.
Further, the top-loading monopole unit comprises a circular patch arranged on the third dielectric substrate and a metal column connected with the lower end surface of the circular patch and arranged inside the third dielectric substrate;
the etching has the circular slot on two circular paster that the diagonal setting, the circular slot is used for avoiding half wavelength short circuit branch knot to pass circular paster and the short circuit phenomenon that produces when ground through the metal column short circuit.
Further, the dielectric substrate comprises a metal floor, wherein the metal floor is printed on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate;
the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate are of a square structure, and the side length dimensions are the same.
Further, the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate are made of manufacturing materials with the model of F4B, the relative dielectric constant is 2.2, the relative magnetic permeability is 1.0, the loss tangent is 0.0019, and the side lengths are 138mm;
the thickness h 1 of the first medium substrate and the thickness h 2 of the second medium substrate are both 1.575mm, and the thickness h 3 of the third medium substrate is 3mm.
Further, the side length l 1 of the stika-shaped patch is 12-14 mm, and the spacing g 1 between two adjacent stika-shaped patches is 0.5-1 mm;
The length slot_l of the etching slot is 4 mm-5 mm, and the width slot_w of the etching slot is 0.5 mm-1 mm;
The length l 3 of the first long metal arm is 12-13 mm, the width w 1 of the first long metal arm is 2-3 mm, the length l 5 of the second long metal arm is 12-13 mm, and the width w 3 of the second long metal arm is 2-3 mm;
The length l 7 of the first short metal arm and the second short metal arm is 5-6 mm, and the width w 5 of the first short metal arm and the second short metal arm is 2-3 mm;
The length l 4 of the first metal branch is 12-13 mm, the width w 2 of the first metal branch is 1-2 mm, the length l 6 of the second metal branch is 12-13 mm, the width w 4 of the second metal branch is 1-2 mm, the radius r 1 of the grounding short-circuit column is 0.1-0.5 mm, and the length of the grounding short-circuit column is 4-5 mm;
The distance l 8 between top-loading monopole units symmetrical about one center line of the upper surface of the third medium substrate is 15-16 mm, and the distance l 9 between top-loading monopole units symmetrical about the other center line of the upper surface of the third medium substrate is 20-21 mm;
the radius r 3 of the circular patch is 2-3 mm, the radius r 2 of the metal column is 0.2-1 mm, and the height of the metal column is 2-4 mm.
Further, the side length l 1 of the stika-shaped patch is 13.8mm, and the spacing g 1 between two adjacent stika-shaped patches is 0.76mm;
The length slot_l of the etching slot is 4.5mm, the width slot_w of the etching slot is 0.9mm, and the distance l 2 between the length edge of the etching slot and the parallel edge on the same side of the swastika-shaped patch is 10.45mm;
The length l 3 of the first long metal arm is 12.45mm, the width w 1 of the first long metal arm is 2.34mm, the length l 5 of the second long metal arm is 12.7mm, and the width w 3 of the second long metal arm is 2mm;
The lengths l 7 of the first short metal arm and the second short metal arm are 5.2mm, and the widths w 5 of the first short metal arm and the second short metal arm are 2.7mm;
the length l 4 of the first metal branch is 12.04mm, the width w 2 of the first metal branch is 1.3mm, the length l 6 of the second metal branch is 12.34mm, the width w 4 of the second metal branch is 1mm, the radius r 1 of the grounding short-circuit column is 0.2mm, and the length of the grounding short-circuit column is 4.575mm;
The distance l 8 between top-loaded monopole units symmetrical about one of the center lines on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate is 15.27mm, and the distance l 9 between top-loaded monopole units symmetrical about the other center line on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate is 20.2mm;
the radius r 3 of the circular patch is 2.45mm, the radius r 2 of the metal column is 0.5mm, and the height of the metal column is 3mm.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a communication device.
The invention aims at realizing the technical scheme, and the double-frequency-band broadband vehicle-mounted antenna suitable for vehicle-mounted satellite and vehicle networking communication.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the dual-band antenna is designed under the condition that the additional size of the patch antenna is not increased, and the side-emission right-hand circular polarized radiation and the double-end-emission vertical polarized radiation are respectively realized in two frequency bands, so that the radiation characteristics are extremely suitable for vehicle satellite communication and vehicle networking communication. Meanwhile, the antenna has the characteristics of wide bandwidth, simple structure, low cost and the like.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof.
Drawings
The drawings of the present invention are described below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic 3D structure of the vehicle antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the vehicle antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a stika-shaped slot-coupled patch array in a vehicle-mounted antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a top view of the feed structure in the vehicle antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a dimensional view of a feed structure in the vehicle-mounted antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a top view of a top loaded monopole array in an in-vehicle antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a graph of the reflection coefficient (|s 11 |) of the vehicle-mounted antenna according to the frequency variation and the achievable gain graph in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a graph showing a low frequency axis ratio value of the vehicle antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a graph showing the total efficiency of the vehicle-mounted antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention as a function of frequency.
Fig. 10 (a), (b), and (c) are graphs showing the gain changes with angle of the vehicle antenna at 3.8GHz, 4.2GHz, and 5.9GHz in the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1-a first dielectric substrate; 2-a second dielectric substrate; 3-a third dielectric substrate; 4-stika-shaped patches; 5-a first L-shaped feed patch unit; 6-a second L-shaped feed patch unit; 7-top loaded monopole unit; 8-metal floor; 41-etching a groove; 51-a first long metal arm; 52-a first short metal arm; 53-a first metal stub; 54-first half wavelength horizontal knots; 55-grounding short-circuit column; 61-a second long metal arm; 62-a second short metal arm; 63-a second metal stub; 64-second half-wavelength horizontal knots; 71-a circular patch; 72-metal columns; 73-circular groove.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In describing embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "coupled," "coupled," and "connected" should be construed broadly, and may be either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in embodiments of the present invention will be understood in detail by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1:
The dual-band broadband vehicle-mounted antenna suitable for vehicle-mounted satellite and vehicle networking communication is characterized by comprising a first dielectric substrate 1, a second dielectric substrate 2 and a third dielectric substrate 3 which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, wherein the first dielectric substrate 1 is provided with a slot coupling patch array in a shape of Chinese character 'pin', the second dielectric substrate 2 is provided with a feed structure, and the third dielectric substrate 3 is provided with a monopole array loaded at the top;
The swastika-shaped slot coupling patch array comprises four swastika-shaped patches 4 which are sequentially rotated by 90 degrees along the center point of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, a main radiator used for a low-frequency right-handed circularly polarized side-emitting state and an excitation structure used for a high-frequency vertically polarized double-end-emitting state;
The feeding structure comprises a first L-shaped feeding patch unit 5 and a second L-shaped feeding patch unit 6 which are arranged along the central point of the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 2 in a rotating way by 180 degrees, wherein the first L-shaped feeding patch unit 5 and the second L-shaped feeding patch unit 6 are used for exciting and disturbing a broadband mode generated by a slot coupling patch array so as to realize low-frequency side-emitting right-hand circularly polarized radiation;
the top-loading monopole array comprises four top-loading monopole units 7 symmetrically arranged along two central lines of the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 3, and the top-loading monopole units 7 are used for realizing high-frequency radiation vertical polarization double-end-emission electromagnetic waves.
In the embodiment of the application, a 50 ohm coaxial cable is adopted to feed the vehicle-mounted antenna through the balun, and the inner conductor and the outer conductor of the 50 ohm coaxial cable are respectively connected with the microstrip line of the balun and the exponentially graded ground plate structure.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the swastika-shaped patch 4 is obtained by etching four etching grooves 41 with the same length and width with a square patch, the four etching grooves 41 are sequentially rotated by 90 ° along the center point of the swastika-shaped patch 4, and the etching grooves 41 are used for increasing the high-frequency impedance bandwidth.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the first L-shaped feeding patch unit 5 includes a first long metal arm 51 and a first short metal arm 52 perpendicular to each other, and the first long metal arm 51 and the first short metal arm 52 are connected by a first metal branch 53;
The second L-shaped feeding patch unit 6 comprises a second long metal arm 61 and a second short metal arm 62 which are perpendicular to each other, and the second long metal arm 61 and the second short metal arm 62 are connected through a second metal branch 63;
The included angles between the central axes of the first long metal arm 51 and the second long metal arm 61 and the central axis of the upper surface of the second medium substrate 2 are 45 degrees, a first half-wavelength horizontal branch 54 is etched in the first long metal arm 51, a second half-wavelength horizontal branch 64 is etched in the second long metal arm 61, and the lower end surfaces of the tail ends of the first half-wavelength horizontal branch 54 and the second half-wavelength horizontal branch 64 are connected with a grounding shorting post 55 penetrating through the second medium substrate 2 and the third medium substrate 3.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the first half-wavelength horizontal stub 54 and the ground shorting post 55, and the second half-wavelength horizontal stub 64 and the ground shorting post 55 all form a half-wavelength shorting stub, and the half-wavelength shorting stub is used to improve the anti-interference characteristics of the proposed vehicle antenna and communication device.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the top-loading monopole unit 7 includes a circular patch 71 disposed on the third dielectric substrate 3, and a metal post 72 connected to a lower end surface of the circular patch 71 and disposed inside the third dielectric substrate 3;
the two circular patches 71 arranged diagonally are etched with circular grooves 73, and the circular grooves 73 are used for avoiding the short circuit phenomenon generated by passing through the circular patches 71 when the half-wavelength short circuit branches are short-circuited to the ground through the metal posts 72.
In the present example, by properly spacing two adjacent top-loaded monopole elements 7, they can be excited by a slot-coupled patch array and vertically polarized in high frequency radiation with double-shot electromagnetic waves.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the metal floor 8 is further included, and the metal floor 8 is printed on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate 3;
the first dielectric substrate 1, the second dielectric substrate 2 and the third dielectric substrate 3 are of a square structure, and the side length dimensions are the same.
In the present example, the side length dimension of the metal floor 8 is the same as the side length dimension of the third dielectric substrate 3.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the first dielectric substrate 1, the second dielectric substrate 2, and the third dielectric substrate 3 are made of a manufacturing material with a model F4B, and have a relative permittivity of 2.2, a relative permeability of 1.0, a loss tangent of 0.0019, and a side length of 138mm;
The thickness h 1 of the first dielectric substrate 1 and the thickness h 2 of the second dielectric substrate 2 are both 1.575mm, and the thickness h 3 of the third dielectric substrate 3 is 3mm.
As an embodiment of the invention, the side length l 1 of the stika-shaped patch 4 is 12 mm-14 mm, and the distance g 1 between two adjacent stika-shaped patches is 0.5 mm-1 mm;
the length slot_l of the etching slot 41 is 4 mm-5 mm, and the width slot_w of the etching slot 41 is 0.5 mm-1 mm;
The length l 3 of the first long metal arm 51 is 12-13 mm, the width w 1 of the first long metal arm 51 is 2-3 mm, the length l 5 of the second long metal arm 61 is 12-13 mm, and the width w 3 of the second long metal arm 61 is 2-3 mm;
The length l 7 of the first short metal arm 52 and the second short metal arm 62 is 5-6 mm, and the width w 5 of the first short metal arm 52 and the second short metal arm 62 is 2-3 mm;
The length l 4 of the first metal branch 53 is 12-13 mm, the width w 2 of the first metal branch 53 is 1-2 mm, the length l 6 of the second metal branch 63 is 12-13 mm, the width w 4 of the second metal branch 63 is 1-2 mm, the radius r 1 of the ground shorting post 55 is 0.1-0.5 mm, and the length of the ground shorting post 55 is 4-5 mm;
The distance l 8 between the top-loading monopole units 7 symmetrical about one center line of the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 3 is 15 mm-16 mm, and the distance l 9 between the top-loading monopole units 7 symmetrical about the other center line of the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 3 is 20 mm-21 mm;
The radius r 3 of the circular patch 71 is 2 mm-3 mm, the radius r 2 of the metal posts 72 is 0.2 mm-1 mm, and the height of the metal posts 72 is 2 mm-4 mm.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the side length l 1 of the stika-shaped patch 4 is 13.8mm, and the distance g 1 between two adjacent stika-shaped patches is 0.76mm;
The length slot_l of the etching slot 41 is 4.5mm, the width slot_w of the etching slot 41 is 0.9mm, and the distance l 2 between the length edge of the etching slot 41 and the parallel edge on the same side of the swastika-shaped patch 4 is 10.45mm;
The length l 3 of the first long metal arm 51 is 12.45mm, the width w 1 of the first long metal arm 51 is 2.34mm, the length l 5 of the second long metal arm 61 is 12.7mm, and the width w 3 of the second long metal arm 61 is 2mm;
the length l 7 of the second short metal arm 62 of the first short metal arm 52 is 5.2mm, and the width w 5 of the second short metal arm 62 of the first short metal arm 52 is 2.7mm;
The length l 4 of the first metal branch 53 is 12.04mm, the width w 2 of the first metal branch 53 is 1.3mm, the length l 6 of the second metal branch 63 is 12.34mm, the width w 4 of the second metal branch 63 is 1mm, the radius r 1 of the ground shorting post 55 is 0.2mm, and the length of the ground shorting post 55 is 4.575mm;
The distance l 8 between top-loaded monopole units 7 symmetrical about one of the center lines of the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 3 is 15.27mm, and the distance l 9 between top-loaded monopole units 7 symmetrical about the other center line of the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 3 is 20.2mm;
The radius r 3 of the circular patch 71 is 2.45mm, the radius r 2 of the metal posts 72 is 0.5mm, and the height of the metal posts 72 is 3mm.
In the embodiment of the invention, the stika-shaped patch 4, the first L-shaped feeding patch unit 5, the second L-shaped feeding patch unit 6 and the circular patch 71 are all copper-coated films, and the thicknesses of the copper-coated films are all 0.017mm.
After the above initial design is completed, high-frequency electromagnetic simulation software HFSS18.0 is used for simulation analysis, and after simulation optimization, the dimensions of various parameters are obtained as shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 optimal size table for each parameter of the present invention
According to the optimal parameters, the simulation analysis is carried out on the designed characteristic parameters such as S parameters, radiation directions and the like of the dual-band broadband vehicle-mounted antenna suitable for vehicle satellite and vehicle networking communication by using HFSS18.0, and the analysis results are as follows:
As shown in FIG. 7, the reflection coefficient (|S 11 |) curve and the achievable gain curve of the antenna of the invention are shown, the low-frequency impedance bandwidth (antenna|S 11 | < 10 dB) of the antenna ranges from 3.58GHz to 4.38GHz, the high-frequency impedance bandwidth ranges from 5.66GHz to 6.24GHz, and the simulation results show that the peak gains can be achieved within the low-frequency and high-frequency ranges from 5.0dBi and 6.5dBi.
As shown in FIG. 8, which shows the axial ratio curve of the antenna of the present invention, it can be seen that the antenna has good circular polarization effect at 3.55 GHz-4.25 GHz, and the corresponding fractional bandwidth is 17.9%. Therefore, in the side-emission right-hand circular polarization state, the overlapping working bandwidth range of the impedance and the axial ratio bandwidth is 3.58-4.25 GHz, and the corresponding fractional bandwidth is 17.1%.
As shown in fig. 9, the total efficiency curve of the antenna of the present invention is that the efficiency reaches 95% in both the high frequency operation bandwidth and the low frequency operation bandwidth, and the minimum value of the total radiation efficiency between the high frequency and the low frequency is only 22%, which indicates that the antenna has good radiation characteristics in the band and good out-of-band rejection level between the two frequency bands.
As shown in fig. 10 (a) - (c), the gain of the antenna according to the present invention at the frequency points of 3.8GHz, 4.2GHz and 5.9GHz varies with angle, and the simulation results show that: at the frequency points of 3.8GHz and 4.2GHz, the antenna has good side-emission right-handed circularly polarized radiation characteristics; at 5.9GHz, the antenna exhibits good dual-port radiation characteristics;
in addition, the dual-band, compact and broadband vehicle-mounted antenna simultaneously suitable for vehicle-mounted satellite communication and vehicle networking communication has the advantages of simple structure, broadband, easiness in processing and low cost. The dual-band, compact and broadband vehicle-mounted antenna which is simultaneously applicable to vehicle-mounted satellite communication and vehicle networking communication can be widely applied to a vehicle-mounted communication system by virtue of the characteristics of dual-band, multifunction, compactness, specific pattern, polarization conversion characteristics and the like.
Example 2:
A communication device comprises the dual-band broadband vehicle-mounted antenna suitable for vehicle-mounted satellite and vehicle networking communication. The dual-band, compact and broadband vehicle-mounted antenna simultaneously suitable for vehicle-mounted satellite communication and vehicle networking communication can effectively enhance data receiving and transmitting signals. Other structures of the communication device may be implemented with reference to the prior art.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. The dual-band broadband vehicle-mounted antenna is characterized by comprising a first dielectric substrate (1), a second dielectric substrate (2) and a third dielectric substrate (3) which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, wherein the first dielectric substrate (1) is provided with a slot coupling patch array, the second dielectric substrate (2) is provided with a feed structure, and the third dielectric substrate (3) is provided with a monopole array with a loaded top end;
The swastika-shaped slot coupling patch array comprises four swastika-shaped patches (4) which are sequentially rotated by 90 degrees along the center point of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate (1), a main radiator used for a low-frequency right-hand circularly polarized side-emitting state and an excitation structure used for a high-frequency vertically polarized double-end-emitting state;
the feeding structure comprises a first L-shaped feeding patch unit (5) and a second L-shaped feeding patch unit (6) which are arranged along the central point of the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate (2) in a rotating way by 180 degrees, wherein the first L-shaped feeding patch unit (5) and the second L-shaped feeding patch unit (6) are used for exciting and disturbing a broadband mode generated by a slot coupling patch array so as to realize low-frequency side-radiating right-hand circularly polarized radiation;
the top-loading monopole array comprises four top-loading monopole units (7) symmetrically arranged along two central lines of the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate (3), and the top-loading monopole units (7) are used for realizing high-frequency radiation vertical polarization double-end-emission electromagnetic waves;
The four top-loaded monopole units (7) are respectively arranged below the four zigzag patches (4);
The swastika-shaped patch (4) is obtained by etching four etching grooves (41) with the same length and width by a square patch, the four etching grooves (41) are sequentially rotated by 90 degrees along the center point of the swastika-shaped patch (4), and the etching grooves (41) are used for improving the high-frequency impedance bandwidth;
the first L-shaped feeding patch unit (5) comprises a first long metal arm (51) and a first short metal arm (52) which are perpendicular to each other, and the first long metal arm (51) and the first short metal arm (52) are connected through a first metal branch (53);
The second L-shaped feeding patch unit (6) comprises a second long metal arm (61) and a second short metal arm (62) which are perpendicular to each other, and the second long metal arm (61) and the second short metal arm (62) are connected through a second metal branch (63);
the included angle between the central axes of the first long metal arm (51) and the second long metal arm (61) and the central axis of the upper surface of the second medium substrate (2) is 45 degrees, a first half-wavelength horizontal branch (54) is etched in the first long metal arm (51), a second half-wavelength horizontal branch (64) is etched in the second long metal arm (61), and the lower end surfaces of the tail ends of the first half-wavelength horizontal branch (54) and the second half-wavelength horizontal branch (64) are connected with a grounding short-circuit column (55) penetrating through the second medium substrate (2) and the third medium substrate (3);
The top-loaded monopole unit (7) comprises a circular patch (71) arranged on the third dielectric substrate (3) and a metal column (72) connected with the lower end surface of the circular patch (71) and arranged inside the third dielectric substrate (3);
The two circular patches (71) which are diagonally arranged are etched with circular grooves (73), and the circular grooves (73) are used for avoiding the short circuit phenomenon generated by passing through the circular patches (71) when the first half-wavelength horizontal branches (54) and the second half-wavelength horizontal branches (64) are short-circuited to the ground through metal columns (72);
The metal floor (8) is printed on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate (3);
the first dielectric substrate (1), the second dielectric substrate (2) and the third dielectric substrate (3) are of a square structure, and the side length dimensions are the same.
2. The dual-band broadband vehicle-mounted antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first dielectric substrate (1), the second dielectric substrate (2) and the third dielectric substrate (3) are made of a manufacturing material with a model number of F4B, the relative dielectric constant is 2.2, the relative magnetic permeability is 1.0, the loss tangent is 0.0019, and the side lengths are 138mm;
The thickness h 1 of the first medium substrate (1) and the thickness h 2 of the second medium substrate (2) are both 1.575mm, and the thickness h 3 of the third medium substrate (3) is 3mm.
3. The dual-band broadband vehicle-mounted antenna according to claim 1, wherein the side length l 1 of the swastika-shaped patch (4) is 12-14 mm, and the distance g 1 between two adjacent swastika-shaped patches is 0.5-1 mm;
the length slot_l of the etching groove (41) is 4 mm-5 mm, and the width slot_w of the etching groove (41) is 0.5 mm-1 mm;
The length l 3 of the first long metal arm (51) is 12-13 mm, the width w 1 of the first long metal arm (51) is 2-3 mm, the length l 5 of the second long metal arm (61) is 12-13 mm, and the width w 3 of the second long metal arm (61) is 2-3 mm;
The length l 7 of the first short metal arm (52) and the second short metal arm (62) is 5-6 mm, and the width w 5 of the first short metal arm (52) and the second short metal arm (62) is 2-3 mm;
The length l 4 of the first metal branch (53) is 12-13 mm, the width w 2 of the first metal branch (53) is 1-2 mm, the length l 6 of the second metal branch (63) is 12-13 mm, the width w 4 of the second metal branch (63) is 1-2 mm, the radius r 1 of the grounding short-circuit column (55) is 0.1-0.5 mm, and the length of the grounding short-circuit column (55) is 4-5 mm;
The distance l 8 between the top-loading monopole units (7) symmetrical with respect to one central line on the upper surface of the third medium substrate (3) is 15-16 mm, and the distance l 9 between the top-loading monopole units (7) symmetrical with respect to the other central line on the upper surface of the third medium substrate (3) is 20-21 mm;
the radius r 3 of the circular patch (71) is 2-3 mm, the radius r 2 of the metal column (72) is 0.2-1 mm, and the height of the metal column (72) is 2-4 mm.
4. A dual-band wideband vehicle-mounted antenna as claimed in claim 3, wherein the side length dimension l 1 of the swastika-shaped patch (4) is 13.8mm, and the distance g 1 between two adjacent swastika-shaped patches is 0.76mm;
The length slot_l of the etching groove (41) is 4.5mm, the width slot_w of the etching groove (41) is 0.9mm, and the distance l 2 between the length edge of the etching groove (41) and the parallel edge on the same side of the swastika-shaped patch (4) is 10.45mm;
The length l 3 of the first long metal arm (51) is 12.45mm, the width w 1 of the first long metal arm (51) is 2.34mm, the length l 5 of the second long metal arm (61) is 12.7mm, and the width w 3 of the second long metal arm (61) is 2mm;
the lengths l 7 of the first short metal arm (52) and the second short metal arm (62) are 5.2mm, and the widths w 5 of the first short metal arm (52) and the second short metal arm (62) are 2.7mm;
The length l 4 of the first metal branch (53) is 12.04mm, the width w 2 of the first metal branch (53) is 1.3mm, the length l 6 of the second metal branch (63) is 12.34mm, the width w 4 of the second metal branch (63) is 1mm, the radius r 1 of the grounding short-circuit column (55) is 0.2mm, and the length of the grounding short-circuit column (55) is 4.575mm;
The distance l 8 between top-loaded monopole units (7) symmetrical about one center line on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate (3) is 15.27mm, and the distance l 9 between top-loaded monopole units (7) symmetrical about the other center line on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate (3) is 20.2mm;
The radius r 3 of the circular patch (71) is 2.45mm, the radius r 2 of the metal column (72) is 0.5mm, and the height of the metal column (72) is 3mm.
5. A communication device comprising a dual band wideband vehicle antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1-4.
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