CN115084872B - Ultra-wide bandwidth scanning angle tight coupling phased array antenna - Google Patents
Ultra-wide bandwidth scanning angle tight coupling phased array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN115084872B CN115084872B CN202210783911.0A CN202210783911A CN115084872B CN 115084872 B CN115084872 B CN 115084872B CN 202210783911 A CN202210783911 A CN 202210783911A CN 115084872 B CN115084872 B CN 115084872B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention provides an ultra-wide bandwidth scanning angle tight coupling phased array antenna and a dielectric substrate; the dipole radiating unit, the index gradual change balun feed structure and the frequency selective surface structure are printed on the medium substrate; the metal grounding plate is arranged below the dipole radiation unit and is vertically connected with the dielectric substrate; the dipole radiating unit comprises a first dipole radiating patch and a second dipole radiating patch which are distributed on two sides of the dielectric substrate, the index gradual change balun feed structure is arranged below the dipole radiating unit, and the frequency selective surface structure is arranged above the dipole radiating unit; the ultra-wideband scanning angle tight coupling phased array antenna provided by the invention replaces the traditional medium matching layer with the frequency selective surface structure, so that the weight of the array is reduced to a great extent, and compared with the traditional ultra-wideband antenna array, the ultra-wideband scanning angle tight coupling phased array antenna has the advantages of low profile and low cross polarization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to an ultra-wide bandwidth scanning angle tight coupling phased array antenna.
Background
The phased array antenna is also called as an electric scanning antenna, has the advantages of high scanning speed and high stability, and can realize beam forming and multi-beam scanning. Phased array technology has therefore found widespread use in recent years with radar and communication systems in both airborne and space applications. In the research field of phased arrays, ultra wideband, particularly, phased array antenna design that can cover multiple operating frequency bands, is an important trend. In particular, in order to cope with increasingly complex battlefield environments of modern wars, military equipment platforms such as ships, warplanes are required to be equipped with, in addition to conventional sounding radars, such as weather radars, electronic countermeasure systems, and various communication and navigation devices. If narrowband antennas with different frequency bands are adopted to meet the information receiving and transmitting requirements of various systems, the number of antennas required on a platform can be increased sharply. The numerous radio systems not only occupy a large amount of space, but also increase the radar cross section of the ship, and simultaneously bring difficulty to system maintenance. The working frequency band of the ultra-wideband phased array antenna can cover multiple octaves, so that the ultra-wideband phased array antenna can be used for transmitting and receiving broadband or discrete signals by using a single array, and can realize a multifunctional common aperture, thereby saving the integration cost between the antenna and a system. In addition, the ultra-wideband phased array antenna can also improve the capacity and the speed of data transmission, realize a communication system for high-speed data transmission and improve the imaging resolution of the radar.
Conventional ultra wideband phased array antennas tend to have a relatively high profile, e.g., vivaldi arrays can achieve impedance bandwidths of 12 octaves, but up to 2-3 times lambda high (λ high Wavelengths corresponding to the highest operating frequency) have limited their use in some carrier platforms where aerodynamic requirements are high. The high profile furthermore means that the longitudinal current along the slot line will be large, which will cause an increase in the cross-polarization component when the antenna is scanned. Especially in diagonal in-plane scanning, cross polarization components and even more than main polarization components are often observed, and stealth performance is seriously affected.
Munk in 2003 and Harris, U.S. disclose a model of a 28X 28 dual polarized array operating at 2-18GHz with a cross-section of only lambda above the floor low /10(λ low Is the lowest operating frequency). Unlike conventional phased array antenna design, the antenna is closely arranged in dipole units, and the inductance of the floor in low frequency is offset through the coupling capacitance between the dipole units, so that impedance bandwidth of several octaves is realized. The operating bandwidth of the antenna array can be much greater than the operating bandwidth of a single dipole. Such antennas are commonly referred to as tightly coupled phased array antennas. In the first generation of tightly coupled antenna patternIn the machine, the feed network adopts an external balun, a double-cylinder axis and a grounding shielding device. The external balun can generate differential output signals, and the double coaxial lines are used for feeding the dipole radiating arms, so that the grounding shielding device can protect and fix the feeder lines and can also play a role in avoiding common mode resonance. However, the external feed structure has the defects of high price, large volume and heavy weight, and is not beneficial to engineering application. To address this problem, the Volakis team proposed the concept of integrating balun in 2012 (tightly coupled dipole array with integrated balun). The design uses a planarized Marchand balun and is integrated with the dipole elements into one circuit board. In order to reduce the impedance matching difficulty from the coaxial line to the antenna aperture, the array unit is divided into two parts in the design, so that the aperture radiation impedance is halved, meanwhile, a Wilkinson power divider (Wilkinson power divider) is used for converting the input impedance of the coaxial end 50Ω into 100deg.OMEGA, and then the Marchand balun is used for completing the unbalanced-to-balanced conversion. The antenna in this array is printed on the same dielectric plate as the feed network and is therefore referred to as an integrated balun, close-coupled dipole array (Tightly Coupled Dipole Array with Integrated Balun, TCDA-IB). Finally, the antenna array can realize + -45 DEG scanning angle coverage in the frequency band of 0.68-5 GHz. The team then subsequently proposes a tightly coupled antenna array loaded with resistive loops and resistive patches to eliminate the short circuit by loading the resistive patches between the dipole and the floor. Through verification, the array can realize an impedance bandwidth of 13.3:1 (Active VSWR < 3.0), and the beam scanning range is +/-45 degrees. But due to the loading of the resistive sheet layer, the efficiency of the antenna is affected to a certain extent and the section reaches 1.1λ high And is not beneficial to engineering practical application. In order to further reduce the cross section of the close-coupled array, a design proposed by Kasemodel does not use any cover layer, but rather fills the space between the antenna and the floor with a ferrite material of high permeability. Reducing antenna profile height to lambda low The radiation efficiency of the array is thus greatly reduced/26. Moreover, ferrite materials are high in manufacturing cost and weight, and are hardly practically used.
In summary, the conventional ultra-wideband antenna has the problems of high profile and poor polarization purity. The novel tightly coupled antenna array can realize ultra-wideband scanning under the condition of lower profile, but also faces the difficulty of the design of a feed network and the problem of antenna efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the ultra-wide bandwidth scanning angle tight coupling phased array antenna which has the advantages of light weight, high antenna efficiency, high isolation, low profile and low cross polarization.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an ultra wide bandwidth scanning angle tight coupling phased array antenna, comprising:
a dielectric substrate;
the dipole radiating unit, the exponentially graded balun feed structure and the frequency selective surface structure are printed on the dielectric substrate;
the metal grounding plate is arranged below the dipole radiation unit and is vertically connected with the dielectric substrate;
the dipole radiation unit comprises a first dipole radiation patch and a second dipole radiation patch which are distributed on two sides of the dielectric substrate, a first metal radiation patch which is mutually overlapped with the second dipole radiation patch is arranged at the tail end of the first dipole radiation patch, a second metal radiation patch which is mutually overlapped with the first dipole radiation patch is arranged at the tail end of the second dipole radiation patch, the index gradual change balun feed structure is arranged below the dipole radiation unit, and the frequency selective surface structure is arranged above the dipole radiation unit.
Preferably, the index graded balun feed structure comprises a graded balun ground surface and a feed microstrip line, wherein the graded balun ground surface is of an index graded structure with a wide bottom and a narrow top, the upper end of the graded balun ground surface is connected with the first dipole radiation patch, the lower end of the graded balun ground surface is connected with the metal ground plate through the rectangular ground surface, the feed microstrip line is of a linear graded structure with a wide bottom and a narrow top, the feed microstrip line is connected with the second dipole radiation patch, and the metal ground plate is provided with a window for penetrating through the feed microstrip line.
Preferably, the feed microstrip line includes a straight line segment and a bent line segment, the straight line segment is located above the metal ground plate and connected with the second dipole radiation patch, and the bent line segment is located below the metal ground plate.
Preferably, the impedance of the feed microstrip line is 50-130 Ω.
Preferably, the frequency selective surface structure includes a first frequency selective surface and a second frequency selective surface, which are distributed on both sides of the dielectric substrate and are disposed above the first dipole radiation patch and the second dipole radiation patch.
Preferably, the first frequency selection surface and the second frequency selection surface each comprise eight rectangular metal patches which are arranged at intervals, and the size of each rectangular metal patch is 1/6 of the size corresponding to the resonance frequency of each rectangular metal patch.
Preferably, the first dipole radiating patch and the second dipole radiating patch are connected to the metal ground plate through a first shorting line and a second shorting line, respectively.
Preferably, the first metal radiating patch and the second metal radiating patch are both semicircular.
Preferably, the dielectric substrate has a dielectric constant of 2.2.
Preferably, the metal grounding plate is an aluminum plate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the dipole tightly-coupled array based on the frequency selection surface is provided, and compared with the traditional ultra-wideband Vivaldi antenna array, the array has a lower section, so that the array is suitable for a platform with high aerodynamic requirements, and the cross polarization ratio of the array can be effectively reduced; the traditional medium matching layer is replaced by the frequency selective surface structure, so that the purpose of lightening the antenna array is achieved, and the cost is reduced; the radiation of the unbalanced feed-balanced port is also completed while the impedance transformation is realized through the microstrip line-gradual change balun; the dipole radiating unit, the index gradient balun feed structure and the frequency selective surface structure are integrated on the medium substrate, so that the integration of the radiating unit and the feed network is realized, the array radiating efficiency is improved, the assembly and the maintenance are easy, and the method has strong engineering practicability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows an ultra-wideband scanning angle tight coupling phased array antenna (the antenna array is a 10×10 array, but only feeds for the central 8×8 array elements, and the outer loop is a dummy source; the array is only one specific embodiment of the ultra-wideband scanning phased array antenna).
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a periodic unit in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1; fig. 2 (a) is a schematic structural diagram of a frequency selective surface structure, and fig. 2 (b) is a schematic structural diagram of a graded balun ground plane; fig. 2 (c) is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding microstrip line.
Fig. 3 shows the active standing wave ratio of the present embodiment scanned along the E-plane in an infinitely large array environment.
Fig. 4 shows the active standing wave ratio of the present embodiment scanned along the H-plane in an infinitely large array environment.
Fig. 5 shows the active standing wave ratio of the present embodiment scanned along the D-plane in an infinitely large array environment.
Fig. 6 is cross polarization of the present embodiment scanning along the E-plane in an infinitely large array environment.
Fig. 7 is cross polarization of the present embodiment scanning along the H-plane in an infinitely large array environment.
Fig. 8 is cross polarization of the present embodiment scanned along the D-plane in an infinitely large array environment.
Fig. 9 is a diagram of the E-plane and H-plane of the present embodiment when radiating laterally at a frequency of 0.5GHz in an infinite array environment.
Fig. 10 is a diagram of the E-plane and H-plane of the present embodiment when radiating laterally at a frequency of 1GHz in an infinite array environment.
Fig. 11 is a diagram of the E-plane and H-plane of the present embodiment when radiating laterally at a frequency of 1.8GHz in an infinite array environment.
Fig. 12 shows the overall efficiency of the present embodiment in an infinite array environment along the side-fire and three principal planes of E, H, and D.
In the figure, 1, a dielectric substrate; 11. a dipole radiating element; 12. a first dipole radiating patch; 121. a first metal radiating patch; 13. a second dipole radiating patch; 131. a second metal radiating patch; 14. a first short-circuit line; 15. a second short-circuit line; 2. an exponentially graded balun feed structure; 21. graded balun ground planes; 22. a feed microstrip line; 221. a straight line segment; 222. bending the line segment; 3. a frequency selective surface structure; 31. a first frequency selective surface; 32. a second frequency selective surface; 4. a metal grounding plate; 41. windowing; 42. a rectangular ground plane.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:
referring to fig. 1 and 2 together, the ultra-wide bandwidth scanning angle tightly coupled phased array antenna provided in this embodiment is a 10×10 array, but only feeds to the central 8×8 array element, and the outer loop is a dummy source.
As shown in fig. 2, a single array element includes a dielectric substrate 1 placed vertically;
a dipole radiating element 11, an exponentially graded balun feed structure 2 and a frequency selective surface structure 3 printed on the dielectric substrate 1;
a metal grounding plate 4 arranged below the dipole radiation unit 11 and vertically connected with the dielectric substrate 1;
the dipole radiation unit 11 comprises a first dipole radiation patch 12 and a second dipole radiation patch 13 distributed on the front and back sides of the dielectric substrate 1, a first metal radiation patch 121 overlapped with the second dipole radiation patch 13 is arranged at the tail end of the first dipole radiation patch 12, a second metal radiation patch 131 overlapped with the first dipole radiation patch 12 is arranged at the tail end of the second dipole radiation patch 13, and thus capacitive coupling is formed at the overlapped part, and a required reactance component is introduced into the array, so that ultra-wideband scanning performance of the antenna is realized; the exponentially graded balun feed structure 2 is arranged below the dipole radiating element 11 and the frequency selective surface structure 3 is arranged above the dipole radiating element 11.
Compared with the traditional ultra-wideband Vivaldi antenna array, the dipole tightly-coupled array based on the frequency selection surface has a lower section, so that the dipole tightly-coupled array is suitable for a platform with high aerodynamic requirements, and the cross polarization ratio of the array can be effectively reduced; the traditional medium matching layer is replaced by the frequency selective surface structure, so that the purpose of lightening the antenna array is achieved, and the cost is reduced; the radiation of the unbalanced feed-balanced port is also completed while the impedance transformation is realized through the microstrip line-gradual change balun; the dipole radiating unit, the index gradient balun feed structure and the frequency selective surface structure are integrated on the vertically placed dielectric substrate, so that the dipole radiating unit is easy to assemble and maintain, and has strong engineering practicability.
The index gradient balun feed structure 2 comprises a gradient balun ground surface 21 and a feed microstrip line 22, wherein the gradient balun ground surface 21 is an index gradient structure with a wide lower part and a narrow upper part, the upper end of the gradient balun ground surface 21 is electrically connected with the first dipole radiation patch 12, the lower end of the gradient balun ground surface is electrically connected with the metal ground plate 4 through a rectangular ground surface 42, and the rectangular ground surface 42 is printed on the dielectric substrate 1 and is positioned below the metal ground plate 4; the feed microstrip line 22 is a linear gradual change structure with a wide bottom and a narrow top, the feed microstrip line 22 is connected with the second dipole radiation patch 13, and the metal grounding plate 4 is provided with a window 41 for passing through the feed microstrip line 22, and the window 41 is convenient for electromagnetic waves to pass through.
More specifically, the feeding microstrip line 22 includes a straight line segment 221 and a bent line segment 222, where the straight line segment 221 is located above the metal ground plate 4 and is connected to the second dipole radiation patch 13, and the bent line segment 222 is a serpentine line and is located below the metal ground plate 4; the impedance gradient of the antenna array from 50 omega to 130 omega of the fed coaxial is realized, and meanwhile, the transformation of unbalanced feed-balanced radiation is also completed.
The frequency selective surface structure 3 is a wide-angle matching structure based on a frequency selective surface, and comprises a first frequency selective surface 31 and a second frequency selective surface 32, wherein the first frequency selective surface 31 and the second frequency selective surface 32 are distributed on the front surface and the back surface of the dielectric substrate 1 and are arranged above the first dipole radiation patch 12 and the second dipole radiation patch 13; the first frequency selective surface 31 and the second frequency selectiveThe surface 32 comprises eight rectangular metal patches which are arranged at intervals, eight pairs of rectangular metal patches are arranged in two rows, the size of each rectangular metal patch is about 1/6 of the size corresponding to the resonance frequency of each rectangular metal patch, so that the impedance conversion from 130 omega to 377 omega of the antenna can be improved, and the performance of the array during scanning can be improved; the double-layer frequency selective surface structure replaces the traditional medium matching layer, thus eliminating the traditional medium matching layer with the thickness of about lambda mid And/4, the dielectric plate is used as a dielectric matching layer, so that the weight of the antenna is reduced and the cost of the antenna is also reduced.
More specifically, the first dipole radiating patch 12 and the second dipole radiating patch 13 are connected to the metal ground plate 4 through the first shorting line 14 and the second shorting line 15, respectively, to eliminate common mode resonance points occurring in the operating frequency band of the array.
More specifically, the first and second metal radiating patches 121 and 131 may be in a regular geometric shape, such as triangle, ellipse, semicircle, etc. In this embodiment, the first metal radiating patch 121 and the second metal radiating patch 131 are both semicircular, which is beneficial to reducing the reflection effect of the current at the edge of the patch.
More specifically, the dielectric substrate 1 is a Rogers5880 dielectric plate, and has a dielectric constant of 2.2.
More specifically, the metal grounding plate 4 is an aluminum plate, and a seam corresponding to the width of the dielectric substrate 1 is formed on the metal grounding plate 4, so that the dielectric substrate 1 is convenient to insert and fix, easy to assemble and maintain, and high in engineering practicability.
Fig. 3 shows an active standing wave ratio of the present embodiment scanned along the E plane in an infinite array environment, and it can be seen from the figure that the array can achieve a beam scanning range of ±45° in a frequency band of 0.4-2.0 under the standard that the active standing wave ratio is less than 3.
Fig. 4 shows an active standing wave ratio of the present embodiment scanned along the H-plane in an infinite array environment, and it can be seen from the figure that the array can achieve a beam scanning range of ±45° in a frequency band of 0.4-2.0 under the standard that the active standing wave ratio is less than 3.
Fig. 5 shows an active standing wave ratio of the present embodiment scanned along the D plane in an infinite array environment, and it can be seen from the figure that the array can achieve a beam scanning range of ±45° in a frequency band of 0.4-2.0 under the standard that the active standing wave ratio is less than 3.
Fig. 6 shows cross polarization of the present embodiment along the E-plane in an infinite array environment, where it can be seen that the cross polarization is below-12 dB for an array at both ±30° and ±45° in the frequency range of 0.4-2.0.
Fig. 7 shows cross polarization of the present embodiment in an infinite array environment along the H-plane, where it can be seen that the cross polarization is below-24 dB and-20 dB for an array at ±30° and ±45° in the frequency band of 0.4-2.0, respectively.
Fig. 8 shows cross polarization of the present embodiment in an infinite array environment along the D-plane, where it can be seen that the cross polarization is below-15 dB for the array at both ±30° and ±45° in the frequency range of 0.4-2.0.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the E-plane and the H-plane of the present embodiment when the array is laterally irradiated at a frequency point of 0.5GHz in an infinite array environment, and it can be seen from the figure that the schematic diagram of the array at the frequency point is smooth and flat, and has better symmetry. In addition, it can be seen that the main polarization gain of the unit remains substantially stable with changes in frequency or scan angle, reflecting the characteristics of ultra wideband and ultra wide angle scanning.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an E-plane and an H-plane of the present embodiment when the array is laterally irradiated at a frequency point of 1GHz in an infinite array environment, and it can be seen from the figure that the schematic diagram of the array at the frequency point is smooth and flat, and has better symmetry. In addition, it can be seen that the main polarization gain of the unit remains substantially stable with changes in frequency or scan angle, reflecting the characteristics of ultra wideband and ultra wide angle scanning.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an E-plane and an H-plane when the array is laterally irradiated at a frequency point of 1.8GHz in an infinite array environment, and it can be seen from the schematic diagram that the schematic diagram of the array at the frequency point is smooth and flat, and has better symmetry. In addition, it can be seen that the main polarization gain of the unit remains substantially stable with changes in frequency or scan angle, reflecting the characteristics of ultra wideband and ultra wide angle scanning.
Fig. 12 shows the overall efficiency of the present embodiment in the infinite array environment during the side-fire and three main planes of E, H and D, and it can be seen from the figure that the efficiency of the array can be maintained at 95% or more in the side-fire case, but can be maintained at 65% or more in the H-plane, as compared to the E-plane and D-plane scanning.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting thereof; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An ultra-wide bandwidth scan angle tight coupling phased array antenna, comprising:
a dielectric substrate (1);
a dipole radiating element (11), an exponentially graded balun feed structure (2) and a frequency selective surface structure (3) printed on the dielectric substrate (1);
a metal grounding plate (4) which is arranged below the dipole radiation unit (11) and is vertically connected with the dielectric substrate (1);
the dipole radiating unit (11) comprises a first dipole radiating patch (12) and a second dipole radiating patch (13) which are distributed on two sides of the dielectric substrate (1), a first metal radiating patch (121) which is overlapped with the second dipole radiating patch (13) is arranged at the tail end of the first dipole radiating patch (12), a second metal radiating patch (131) which is overlapped with the first dipole radiating patch (12) is arranged at the tail end of the second dipole radiating patch (13), the index gradual change balun feed structure (2) is arranged below the dipole radiating unit (11), and the frequency selective surface structure (3) is arranged above the dipole radiating unit (11);
the index gradient balun feed structure (2) comprises a gradient balun ground plane (21) and a feed microstrip line (22), wherein the gradient balun ground plane (21) is of an index gradient structure with a wide lower part and a narrow upper part, the upper end of the gradient balun ground plane (21) is connected with a first dipole radiation patch (12), the lower end of the gradient balun ground plane is connected with a metal grounding plate (4) through a rectangular ground plane (42), the feed microstrip line (22) is of a linear gradient structure with a wide lower part and a narrow upper part along the length direction, the feed microstrip line (22) is connected with a second dipole radiation patch (13), and a window (41) for penetrating the feed microstrip line (22) is formed in the metal grounding plate (4);
the feed microstrip line (22) comprises a straight line segment (221) and a bending line segment (222), the straight line segment (221) is located above the metal grounding plate (4) and is connected with the second dipole radiation patch (13), and the bending line segment (222) is located below the metal grounding plate (4); the impedance of the feed microstrip line (22) is 50-130 omega;
the ultra-wide bandwidth scanning angle tightly coupled phased array antenna can realize a beam scanning range of +/-45 degrees in a frequency band of 0.4GHz-2.0GHz under the standard that the active standing wave ratio of the active standing wave ratio is smaller than 3 in an infinite array environment along the active standing wave ratio of E face scanning; an active standing wave ratio scanned along an H plane in an infinite array environment, wherein the array can realize a beam scanning range of +/-45 degrees in a frequency band of 0.4GHz-2.0GHz under the standard that the active standing wave ratio is smaller than 3; the active standing wave ratio scanned along the D plane in an infinite array environment can realize a beam scanning range of +/-45 degrees in a frequency band of 0.4GHz-2.0GHz under the standard that the active standing wave ratio is smaller than 3.
2. The ultra-wideband scanning angle close-coupled phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the frequency selective surface structure (3) comprises a first frequency selective surface (31) and a second frequency selective surface (32), wherein the first frequency selective surface (31) and the second frequency selective surface (32) are distributed on two sides of the dielectric substrate (1) and are arranged above the first dipole radiation patch (12) and the second dipole radiation patch (13).
3. The ultra-wideband scanning angle close-coupled phased array antenna of claim 2, wherein: the first frequency selection surface (31) and the second frequency selection surface (32) comprise eight rectangular metal patches which are arranged at intervals, and the size of each rectangular metal patch is 1/6 of the size corresponding to the resonance frequency of each rectangular metal patch.
4. The ultra-wideband scanning angle close-coupled phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the first dipole radiation patch (12) and the second dipole radiation patch (13) are connected with the metal grounding plate (4) through a first short-circuit line (14) and a second short-circuit line (15), respectively.
5. The ultra-wideband scanning angle close-coupled phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the first metal radiation patch (121) and the second metal radiation patch (131) are semicircular.
6. The ultra-wideband scanning angle close-coupled phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the dielectric substrate (1) has a dielectric constant of 2.2.
7. The ultra-wideband scanning angle close-coupled phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the metal grounding plate (4) is an aluminum plate.
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| CN112490648B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2022-09-13 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Ultra-wideband antenna of microstrip line |
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