CN115413556A

CN115413556A - Seedling raising substrate and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN115413556A
Application number: CN202210884265.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张永军; 张斌; 文俊明; 杨照; 林波; 杨吉勇; 王文丽; 李娟�
Original assignee: INSTITUTE OF SOIL FERTILIZER AND WATER-SAVING AGRICULTURE GANSU ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES; Shaanxi Province Xianyang City Tobacco Co ltd
Current assignee: INSTITUTE OF SOIL FERTILIZER AND WATER-SAVING AGRICULTURE GANSU ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES; Shaanxi Province Xianyang City Tobacco Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-07-25
Filing date: 2022-07-25
Publication date: 2022-12-02

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco seedling raising, and particularly relates to a seedling raising substrate and a preparation method and application thereof. The tobacco seedling culture substrate is prepared by taking sheep manure, grass carbon, rice hulls, perlite and bacillus subtilis as raw materials and limiting the mass parts of the raw materials. The tobacco seedling culture medium is rich in nutrients and microorganisms, can promote the growth of tobacco seedlings, has a remarkable seedling strengthening effect, and improves the emergence rate, the plant height, the stem thickness, the total root length and the root activity of the tobacco seedlings.

Description

Seedling raising substrate and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco seedling raising, and particularly relates to a seedling raising substrate and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

Tobacco is an important economic crop in China, and the quality and the yield of tobacco leaves are closely related to the quality of tobacco seedling cultivation and strong seedling. The traditional tobacco seedling culture medium takes grass peat as a carrier core, takes vermiculite powder and perlite as auxiliary materials and takes a support root as a main material, and tobacco seedlings absorb main nutrients from a nutrient solution. However, with the continuous popularization of agricultural science and technology and the improvement of requirements on seedling culture substrates in China, the demand for the turf is larger and larger, but the turf is a non-renewable resource, a large amount of exploitation can damage the ecological environment, the reserve amount is limited, and in order to relieve the dosage of the turf and protect the balance of the whole ecological environment, the exploration of new seedling culture turf or partial formula of the grass turf is not slow.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a tobacco seedling raising substrate, a method and application thereof.

The invention provides a seedling culture medium which comprises, by mass, 73 parts of sheep manure in a grazing area of a Qinghai-Tibet plateau, 146 parts of grass carbon, 27 parts of rice hulls, 71 parts of perlite and 1.268 parts of bacillus subtilis.

Preferably, the bacillus subtilis is added in the form of bacterial powder, and the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis in the bacterial powder is 1000 hundred million/g.

Preferably, the particle size of the perlite is 2-5 mm.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the seedling substrate in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:

mixing and fermenting sheep manure and rice hulls in the grazing area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau to obtain decomposed substances;

and mixing the decomposed substances, turf, perlite and bacillus subtilis to obtain the seedling culture substrate.

Preferably, the fermentation comprises a first fermentation, a second fermentation and a third fermentation;

the temperature of the first fermentation is more than 55 ℃, and the first fermentation is turned and thrown once every 24 hours;

the temperature of the second fermentation is 50-55 ℃, and the second fermentation is turned and thrown once every 48 hours;

the temperature of the third fermentation is more than or equal to 30 ℃ and less than 50 ℃, and the third fermentation is turned and thrown once every 72 hours.

Preferably, the water content of a mixture obtained by mixing the sheep manure and the rice hulls in the grazing area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is 60-65%.

Preferably, the water content of the decomposed product is less than or equal to 30 percent.

The invention also provides the application of the seedling substrate in the technical scheme in tobacco seedling.

Preferably, the mode of application comprises sowing tobacco seeds in the seedling substrate.

The tobacco seedling culture substrate is prepared by taking sheep manure, grass carbon, rice hulls, perlite and bacillus subtilis as raw materials and limiting the mass parts of the raw materials. The tobacco seedling culture medium is rich in nutrients and microorganisms, can promote the growth of tobacco seedlings, and has the obvious effects of improving the emergence rate, the plant height, the stem thickness, the total root length and the root activity of the tobacco seedlings.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different seedling substrates on the rate of emergence of tobacco in test example 1;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of different seedling raising substrates on the relative content of chlorophyll (SPAD value) in the leaves of tobacco seedlings in test example 1;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of different seedling raising substrates on sucrase activity in tobacco seedling leaves in test example 1;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of different seedling raising substrates on the activity of sucrose synthase in tobacco leaf in test example 1;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of different seedling substrates in test example 2 on the relative content of chlorophyll (SPAD value) in tobacco seedling leaves.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a seedling raising substrate which comprises, by mass, 73 parts of sheep manure in a herding area of a Qinghai-Tibet plateau, 146 parts of grass carbon, 27 parts of rice husk, 71 parts of perlite and 1.268 parts of bacillus subtilis.

The seedling substrate comprises 73 parts of sheep manure in the grazing area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The sheep manure in the herding area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is specially used for the manure produced by the sheep grazed in the natural pasture of the herding area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the pH value is 7.63-8.27, the average pH value is 7.89, the EC value is 0.792-3.76 ms/cm, the average EC value is 1.993ms/cm, and the pH value and the EC value are both obviously lower than those of the internal-area large-scale farm; and the organic matter content is 55.7-62.04%, and the heavy metal content is low (the total arsenic content is 2.09-8.50 mg/kg, the total mercury content is 0.02-0.09 mg/kg, the total lead content is 4.3-7.2 mg/kg, the total cadmium content is 0.17-0.5 mg/kg, the total chromium content is 10.2-16.1 mg/kg, and the content of 5 heavy metals is obviously lower than the limit (NY 525-2012) specified in the organic fertilizer industry standard). The sheep manure in the grazing area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is rich in nutrients, and can replace part of turf in the traditional tobacco seedling culture medium by taking the sheep manure in the grazing area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau as a seedling culture medium, so that the dosage of the turf is reduced, the problem of the manure in the grazing area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and the problem of the ecological environment are solved, the growth of seedlings can be promoted, and the seedling culture efficiency is improved.

Based on the mass parts of the sheep manure in the grazing area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the seedling culture substrate comprises 146 parts of turf. The invention has no strict requirement on the grain diameter of the turf and can be selected conventionally. The turf in the seedling culture substrate is low in EC value and acidic, and the pH value and the EC value of the seedling culture substrate can be reduced.

Based on the mass parts of the sheep manure in the grazing area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the seedling culture substrate comprises 27 parts of rice hulls. The rice hulls in the seedling substrate can adjust the porosity of the seedling substrate raw materials, rapid heating and decomposition are facilitated, meanwhile, the rice hulls are rich in organic matters and certain nutrients, the nutrients are provided for the substrate, and meanwhile, the substrate keeps good physical properties.

Based on the mass parts of the sheep manure in the grazing area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the seedling culture substrate comprises 71 parts of perlite. The particle size of the perlite is preferably 2-5 mm, and more preferably 3-4 mm. The perlite in the seedling raising substrate provided by the invention is used for adjusting the volume weight and the porosity, and the ventilation performance of the seedling raising substrate is improved.

Based on the mass parts of the sheep manure in the grazing area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the seedling culture substrate comprises 1.268 parts of bacillus subtilis. The bacillus subtilis is preferably added in the form of bacterial powder, and the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis in the bacterial powder is preferably 1000 hundred million/g. The invention has no strict requirements on the source of the bacillus subtilis and can be purchased conventionally. The bacillus subtilis has a growth promoting effect on crops.

The invention takes sheep manure in pastoral areas of Qinghai-Tibet plateau as a core, grass carbon, rice hulls and perlite as auxiliary materials and bacillus subtilis for promoting growth to obtain the seedling culture substrate, which contains rich nutrients and growth-promoting bacteria, can reduce the dosage of chemical fertilizers, reduce the environmental pollution, promote and strengthen the seedlings and improve the seedling culture effect. The seedling raising substrate is particularly suitable for raising seedlings of tobacco, can remarkably promote the emergence rate of tobacco seedlings, and improves the height, stem thickness, total root length and root activity of tobacco seedlings.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the seedling substrate, which comprises the following steps:

mixing sheep manure and rice hulls in the grazing area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, and fermenting to obtain a decomposed substance;

The sheep manure and the rice hulls in the grazing area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau are mixed to obtain a sheep manure-rice hull mixture in the grazing area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The invention has no strict requirement on the mixing mode and can be operated by a conventional method. According to the invention, the sheep manure-rice hull mixture in the grazing area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is preferably mixed with water and then piled to obtain a pile body. The method has no strict requirement on the mixing ratio of the sheep manure-rice hull mixture and water in the grazing area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, and the water content of the mixed sheep manure-rice hull mixture in the grazing area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is ensured to be 60-65%. The height of the stack body is preferably 1.0-1.4 m, and more preferably 1.2m; the width of the stack is preferably 1.8 to 2.5m, more preferably 1.9 to 2.4m, and still more preferably 2.0m. The invention has no strict requirement on the length of the pile body and can be selected according to the conventional preparation condition.

After the compost is obtained, the invention preferably ferments the compost to obtain the decomposed substance. The fermentation of the present invention preferably includes a first fermentation, a second fermentation and a third fermentation; the temperature of the first fermentation is preferably higher than 55 ℃, and the first fermentation is turned and thrown once every 24 hours; the temperature of the second fermentation is preferably 50-55 ℃, and the second fermentation is turned and thrown once every 48 hours; the temperature of the third fermentation is preferably more than or equal to 30 ℃ and less than 50 ℃, and the third fermentation is turned and thrown once every 72 hours. The invention has no strict requirement on the turning mode, and can be operated conventionally, for example, a turner is used. The water content of the decomposed product obtained by the invention is preferably less than or equal to 30%. The fermentation mode of the invention is preferably the strip stack type fermentation, the cost is low, and the speed of reducing the water content is high.

After the decomposed substance is obtained, the decomposed substance is preferably mixed with grass carbon, perlite and bacillus subtilis to obtain the seedling culture substrate. According to the invention, the decomposed substance is preferably mixed with grass carbon and perlite to obtain a first mixture, and then the first mixture is mixed with bacillus subtilis. The mixing mode is not strictly required, and the conventional operation is only required, for example, a mixer is used.

After the seedling substrate is obtained, the seedling substrate is preferably bagged and packaged to prepare the finished seedling substrate.

The volume weight of the seedling substrate obtained by the preparation method is 0.24-0.29 g/cm ³ The total porosity is 65-70%, the pH value is 6.15-6.32, the EC value is 0.43-0.45 ms/cm, and the fertilizer contains rich nutrients, can promote and strengthen seedlings, and improves the seedling raising efficiency. The seedling substrate is particularly suitable for seedling of tobacco,can remarkably promote the emergence rate of tobacco seedlings and improve the plant height, stem thickness, total root length and root activity of the tobacco seedlings.

The invention also provides application of the seedling substrate in tobacco planting. The invention preferably seeds tobacco in the seedling substrate; the tobacco is preferably Qin tobacco 99. The results of the examples show that the rate of emergence, plant height, stem thickness, total root length and root activity of tobacco seedlings cultivated by the seedling substrate are respectively improved by 3.55%, 20.64%, 18.88%, 51.92% and 20.68% compared with the common seedling substrate sold in the market. The seedling culture substrate can promote the growth of tobacco seedlings and improve the seedling culture efficiency.

In order to further illustrate the present invention, a seedling substrate and a method and application thereof provided by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A seedling culture substrate comprises 73 parts (73 kg) of sheep manure in a herding area of a Qinghai-Tibet plateau, 146 parts (146 kg) of grass carbon, 27 parts (27 kg) of rice hull, 71 parts (71 kg) of perlite and 1.268 parts (1.268 kg) of bacillus subtilis powder (the effective viable count of bacillus subtilis in the bacillus subtilis powder is 1000 hundred million/g); the mass ratio of the sheep manure, the grass carbon, the rice hulls and the perlite in the grazing area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau in the seedling culture substrate to the bacillus subtilis powder is 1000:4.

comparative example 1

The difference from example 1 is that the bacillus subtilis powder is 0.634 parts (0.634 kg), namely the mass ratio of the sheep manure, the grass peat, the rice hulls and the perlite in the grazing area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau in the seedling substrate to the bacillus subtilis powder is 1000:2.

comparative example 2

The difference from the example 1 is that the bacillus subtilis powder is 1.902 parts (1.902 kg), namely the mass of the sheep manure, the grass peat, the rice hulls and the perlite in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau pasturing area in the seedling culture medium and the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis powder to the bacillus subtilis powder are 1000:6.

comparative example 3

The difference from the example 1 is that the bacillus subtilis bacterial powder is 2.536 parts (2.536 kg), namely, the mass ratio of the sheep manure, the grass peat, the rice hulls and the perlite in the grazing area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau in the seedling culture substrate to the bacillus subtilis bacterial powder is 1000:8.

comparative example 4

The difference from the example 1 is that the bacillus subtilis powder is 3.215 parts, wherein the effective viable count of bacillus subtilis in the bacillus subtilis powder is 1000 hundred million/g, and the mass ratio of the sum of the mass of sheep manure, grass peat, rice hulls and perlite to the mass of the bacillus subtilis powder is 1000:10.

comparative example 5

The difference from the example 1 is that the bacillus subtilis powder is 6.34 parts, wherein the effective viable count of bacillus subtilis in the bacillus subtilis powder is 1000 hundred million/g, and the mass sum of the sheep manure, grass peat, rice hulls and perlite in the grazing zone of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis powder to the bacillus subtilis powder is 1000:20.

example 2

A preparation method of a seedling substrate comprises the following steps:

1. preparing materials according to the embodiment 1;

2. mixing sheep manure and rice hulls uniformly in the grazing area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, and adding water to enable the water content to reach 60-65%;

3. building a strip pile of the mixture obtained in the step 2 according to the specification of 1.8-2.5 m in width and 1.0-1.4 m in height (the length is not limited), obtaining a pile body (the width and the height of the strip pile can be adjusted in the range according to the model of a turner), and performing high-temperature fermentation, specifically: when the temperature of the pile is above 55 ℃, turning and throwing the pile once every 24h, when the temperature of the pile is between 50 and 55 ℃, turning and throwing the pile once every 48h, when the temperature of the pile is reduced to between 40 and 50 ℃, turning and throwing the pile once every 72h, when the temperature of the pile is reduced to below 40 ℃, turning and throwing the pile once every 72h until the temperature of the pile is reduced to below 30 ℃, the temperature is not increased after turning and throwing, and the moisture content of the pile is reduced to about 30 percent, so that the rotten clinker is obtained;

4. and (3) mixing the rotten clinker obtained in the step (3), turf and perlite, uniformly mixing in a mixer, adding bacillus subtilis powder, bagging and packaging to obtain the seedling culture substrate.

Comparative example 6

A seedling substrate (commodity substrate) is purchased from Lanzhou agricultural production data Co., ltd.

Comparative example 7

The difference from example 2 is that no Bacillus subtilis powder was added.

Comparative example 8

The difference from example 2 is that the material was prepared according to comparative example 1.

Comparative example 9

The difference from example 2 is that the material was prepared according to comparative example 2.

Comparative example 10

The difference from example 2 is that the material was prepared according to comparative example 3.

Comparative example 11

The difference from example 2 is that the material was prepared according to comparative example 4.

Comparative example 12

The difference from example 2 is that the material was prepared according to comparative example 5.

Test example 1

1.9 35-well plates (each well length × width × height =4.5cm × 4.5cm × 6.5 cm) were prepared, randomly divided into treatment 1 group, treatment 2 group, and treatment 3 group (3 replicates per treatment group), and subjected to the following treatments:

treatment 1 group (noted CK): adding turf serving as a seedling raising substrate into holes for treating 1 group of 35 Kong Xuepan according to the addition amount of 28 g/hole;

treatment 2 group (denoted CK 1): adding the seedling substrate obtained in the comparative example 6 into the holes of the 35 Kong Xuepan treated 2 groups according to the addition amount of 28 g/hole;

treatment 3 groups (noted YT2K 2): the seedling raising substrate obtained in the example 2 is added into the holes of 35 Kong Xuepan of 3 groups according to the adding amount of 28 g/hole;

2. selecting complete and uniform Qin tobacco 99 coated seeds as a test variety, moving the seeds into a plug tray filled with seedling culture substrates in the step 1 according to the seeding quantity of 4 seeds/hole, ensuring that the same quantity of Qin tobacco 99 is seeded in all holes of all 35 Kong Xuepan, and managing by utilizing a tobacco field production wet seedling culture method (Ding Mingdan, ankang tobacco wet seedling culture technical research and popularization, northwest agriculture and forestry science and technology university, 2012).

3. Effect detection

3.1 rate of emergence

After 8d of sowing in step 2, the emergence rate of tobacco seedlings of each treatment group is recorded, and the results are shown in table 1 and figure 1.

TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments of the seedling substrate on the rate of emergence (%) of tobacco seedlings

As can be seen from Table 1 and FIG. 1, the emergence rates of the treatments 9d and YT2K2 after sowing are highest and are higher than CK1 and CK, and CK1 and CK have no significant difference; the tobacco emergence rates of 11d and YT2K2 treatments after sowing are respectively increased by 22.83 percent and 42.34 percent compared with the tobacco emergence rates of CK1 and CK respectively; the emergence rate of each treatment is stable to be a fixed value when the seedlings are sown for 17d, the emergence rate of YT2K2 treatment is the highest, and the emergence rates of YT2K2 treatment are respectively increased by 3.55% and 11.77% compared with those of CK1 and CK tobacco. During the period from 8d to 19d after sowing, the emergence rate of YT2K2 treatment is always higher than CK and CK1, and the seedling substrate can obviously improve the emergence rate of tobacco.

3.2 growth Performance

After sowing for 60 days in the step 2, the growth conditions of the tobacco seedlings of each treatment group are detected, and the results are shown in the table 2.

TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments of the seedling substrate on tobacco seedling growth

Note: different lower case letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) (see below).

As can be seen from Table 2, the plant height of the tobacco seedlings treated by YT2K2 is the highest, which is increased by 20.64% and 866.54% compared with CK1 and CK, respectively; the stem thickness of the tobacco seedlings treated by YT2K2 is obviously higher than that of other treatments, and is respectively improved by 18.88 percent and 160.59 percent compared with CK1 and CK; the YT2K2 has the largest number of tobacco seedlings, and the number of tobacco seedlings is increased by 8.32 percent and 81.65 percent respectively compared with the number of tobacco seedlings of CK1 and CK; the largest leaf area of the tobacco seedlings treated by YT2K2 is the largest, and is respectively increased by 24.15 percent and 81.65 percent compared with the largest leaf areas of CK1 and CK tobacco seedlings; the dry weight of the overground part, the fresh weight of the overground part, the dry weight of the underground part and the fresh weight of the underground part are respectively increased by 19.89 percent, 29.78 percent, 50.89 percent and 50.70 percent compared with CK1 and by 1034.83 percent, 1362.03 percent, 892.16 percent and 970 percent compared with CK; the root-crown ratio of YT2K2 treatment was significantly not different compared to CK1 and CK; the YT2K2 treated strong seedling index value is the largest, which is increased by 47.27 percent compared with CK1. The seedling raising substrate can promote the growth of tobacco seedlings.

3.3 root System Condition

After sowing for 60 days in the step 2, the root growth conditions of the tobacco seedlings of each treatment group are detected, and the results are shown in the table 3.

TABLE 3 influence of different treatments of the seedling substrate on the growth of the root system of tobacco seedlings

Note: different lower case letters showed significant differences (P < 0.05).

As can be seen from Table 3, YT2K2 has the highest activity of the root system, which is increased by 20.68% and 30.56% respectively compared with CK1 and CK; the tobacco seedling total root length, root surface area, root volume and root tip number YT2K2 are treated the most, compared with CK1, the tobacco seedling total root length, root surface area, root volume and root tip number are respectively increased by 51.92%, 52.79%, 39.22% and 58.54%, compared with CK, the tobacco seedling total root length, root surface area, root volume and root tip number are respectively increased by 731.07%, 770.00%, 798.58% and 513.08%; root mean diameter, no significant difference between treatments. The seedling raising substrate can promote the growth of the root system of the tobacco seedling.

3.4 chlorophyll relative content (SPAD value) in tobacco seedling leaves

After 55d of sowing (i.e. seedling stage) in the step 2, the SPAD value of the leaves of each treated group of tobacco seedlings is measured by a leaf green content measuring instrument, and the result is shown in figure 2. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the SPAD value of CK-treated tobacco seedlings was the highest (32.04), that of YT2K2 was the second (31.15), that of CK1 was the lowest (30.61), that of YT2K2 was 3.03% lower than CK, that of YT2K2 was 3.60% higher than CK1, and that of CK 2K2 was ranked as CK > YT2K2 > CK1. The seedling raising substrate is beneficial to photosynthesis of tobacco seedlings.

3.5 rhizosphere microflora of tobacco seedling plants

After the tobacco seedlings are sowed for 60 days in the step 2, the number of bacteria in the rhizosphere matrix of the tobacco seedlings is detected (the reference documents are Li Zhengao and Luo Yongming, tengchi. Soil and environmental microorganism research method [ M ]. Beijing: scientific Press, 2008.), and the results are shown in the table 4.

TABLE 4 influence of different treatments of the seedling substrate on the number of culturable microorganisms in the rhizosphere substrate of tobacco seedling plants

Note: different lower case letters showed significant differences (P < 0.05).

According to the table 4, the number of bacteria in the tobacco seedling rhizosphere matrix treated by YT2K2 is the largest, which is increased by 271.34% and 672.22% compared with CK treatment and CK1 treatment, respectively, and the dominant bacteria treated by YT2K2 with Bacillus subtilis accounts for 59.07% of the total number of bacteria; the number of actinomycetes and fungi in the CK1 treated tobacco seedling rhizosphere matrix is the largest, the YT2K2 is treated for the second time, and the number of actinomycetes and fungi in the CK treated rhizosphere matrix is the smallest; the total amount of microorganisms is the highest in YT2K2 treatment, is obviously higher than that in other treatments, is respectively increased by 281.23% and 400.05% compared with CK treatment and CK1 treatment, and has no obvious difference between the CK treatment and the CK1 treatment. The seedling culture substrate can improve the quantity of the microorganisms of the tobacco seedlings.

3.6 after sowing for 60 days in step 2, the activity of sucrase and sucrose synthase in tobacco leaf is determined by using a kit of Beijing Solebao science and technology Limited, and the results are shown in FIGS. 3-4. As can be seen from the graphs in FIGS. 3 to 4, the sucrase activity (2322.91U/g) in the tobacco seedling leaves treated by YT2K2 is obviously higher than that of CK (1848.61U/g) and CK1 (1787.28U/g) treatments, and the sucrase activity in the tobacco seedling leaves treated by CK 2K2 is respectively improved by 25.66% and 29.97% compared with that in the tobacco seedling leaves treated by CK and CK1; compared with CK1, the activity of sucrase in tobacco seedling leaves is not obviously different; the activity of the sucrose synthase (152.02U/g) in the tobacco seedling leaves treated by YT2K2 is obviously higher than that of CK (83.29U/g) and CK1 (72.64U/g), and compared with CK and CK1 treatment, the activity of the sucrose synthase in the tobacco seedling leaves is respectively improved by 82.52% and 109.28%; compared with CK1, the activity of the sucrose synthase in the tobacco seedling leaves is not obviously different. The seedling culture substrate can promote the activities of sucrase and sucrose synthase to achieve the effect of promoting growth.

Test example 2

The same as in test example 1, except that 21 35 Kong Xuepan (each cavity length × width × height =4.5cm × 4.5cm × 6.5 cm) were prepared, randomly divided into treatment groups 1 to 7 (3 repetitions per treatment group), and subjected to the following treatments:

treatment 1 group (denoted CK 1): adding the seedling substrate obtained in the comparative example 7 into the holes of the 35 Kong Xuepan treated 1 group according to the addition amount of 28 g/hole;

treatment 2 groups (noted YT2K 1): the seedling substrate obtained in the comparative example 8 was added to the holes of the treated 2 groups of 35 Kong Xuepan at an amount of 28 g/hole;

treatment 3 groups (noted YT2K 2): the seedling substrate obtained in example 2 was added to the wells of 35 Kong Xuepan of the treatment 3 groups at an amount of 28 g/well;

treatment 4 groups (noted YT2K 3): the seedling substrate obtained in the comparative example 9 was added to the holes of the treated 4 groups of 35 Kong Xuepan at an addition of 28 g/hole;

treatment 5 groups (noted YT2K 4): adding the seedling raising substrate obtained in the comparative example 10 into holes of 35 Kong Xuepan treated 5 groups according to the addition of 28 g/hole;

treatment 6 groups (noted YT2K 5): adding the seedling raising substrate obtained in the comparative example 11 into the holes of the treated 6 groups of 35 Kong Xuepan according to the addition amount of 28 g/hole;

treatment 7 groups (noted YT2K 6): the seedling substrate obtained in the comparative example 12 was added to the holes of the treated 7 groups of 35 Kong Xuepan at an addition rate of 28 g/hole;

(1) The results of measurement of the emergence rate (the emergence rate of tobacco seedlings was recorded from 9 days after sowing and completely emerged from 17 days after sowing) are shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5 Effect of different treatments of the seedling substrate on the rate of emergence (%) of tobacco seedlings

Note: different lower case letters showed significant differences (P < 0.05).

According to the table 5, the difference of the tobacco emergence rates among the microbial matrixes with different inoculation amounts is obvious, wherein the YT2K2 matrix emergence rate is the highest at different periods after sowing, but the emergence rates of the tobacco seedlings among the matrixes after 15d of sowing are not obviously different. After sowing, the emergence rate is highest after 11d, YT2K6 treatment, and the times of YT2K4 treatment and YT2K5 treatment are the same; at 13d after sowing, except YT2K3 treatment, the highest emergence rate of other treatments reaches more than 80 percent, and YT2K2 treatment is improved by 6.72 percent compared with CK1; after 15 days of sowing, the emergence rate of each treatment basically reaches 90%, and the YT2K2 treatment is improved by 3.11% compared with CK1; by the time of complete emergence of seedlings at 17d after sowing, the emergence rate of YT2K2 treatment is the highest and is improved by 3.55 percent compared with CK1, and the emergence rate among treatments is ranked from high to low as YT2K2 > YT2K5 > YT2K1= YT2K3= YT2K4= YT2K6 > CK1. The seedling culture medium can improve the rate of emergence of tobacco.

(2) Tobacco growth is shown in table 6.

TABLE 6 Effect of different seedling substrate treatments on tobacco seedling growth

Note: different lower case letters showed significant differences (P < 0.05).

As can be seen from Table 6, the growth promoting substrates with different inoculation amounts have better effect on the agronomic characters of the tobacco seedlings than the CK1 substrates on the growth of the tobacco seedlings. The YT2K2 treated plant is the highest and is improved by 23.13 percent compared with CK1, the YT2K5 treated plant has no obvious difference with CK1, and the YT2K6 treated plant is lower than CK1; the stem thickness of each treatment is obviously higher than that of CK1, wherein YT2K2 treatment is improved by 17.97 percent compared with CK1 treatment; the maximum leaf area YT2K2 is treated maximally, is improved by 18.48 percent compared with CK1, and YT2K6 is reduced by 12.83 percent compared with CK1; the dry weight of the upper part of the YT2K2 treated ground is obviously higher than that of CK1, and is increased by 24.24%; the underground dry weight YT2K2 is treated maximally and is improved by 67.17 percent compared with CK1; the treatment value of the fresh weight YT2K2 of the overground part is the largest, which is improved by 39.24 percent compared with CK1, and YT2K6 treatment has no obvious difference with CK1; the fresh weight YT2K2 treatment of the underground part is obviously higher than CK1, is improved by 88.00% compared with CK1, has obvious difference between YT2K1 treatment and YT2K4 treatment, and has no obvious difference between YT2K5 treatment and YT2K6 treatment and CK1 treatment; the ratio of the root cap treated by YT2K2 and the strong seedling index value are the largest. The seedling raising substrate can promote the growth of tobacco.

(4) Root growth was as shown in Table 7.

TABLE 7 influence of different treatments of the seedling substrate on the growth of the root system of tobacco seedlings

Note: different lower case letters showed significant differences (P < 0.05).

According to the table 7, the total root length of each treated tobacco seedling is obviously higher than that of CK1, wherein YT2K2 has the largest treatment value and is improved by 97.70% compared with CK1; the surface area of the tobacco seedling roots of other treatments except YT2K6 treatment is obviously higher than that of CK1, wherein the increase of YT2K2 treatment reaches 81.28%, and YT2K6 treatment is 7.34% lower than that of CK1; the root volume of each treated tobacco seedling except the YT2K6 treatment is obviously higher than that of CK1, wherein the YT2K2 treatment amplification reaches 80.96%, and the YT2K6 treatment is 13.57% lower than that of CK1; the YT2K3 treatment root tip number has no obvious difference with CK1, the YT2K2 treatment value has the maximum root tip number, and the YT2K2 treatment value is improved by 36.66% compared with CK1. The addition amount of the bacillus subtilis can promote the growth of tobacco roots.

(5) The SPAD value detection results of tobacco seedling leaves are shown in figure 5. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the SPAD value of the tobacco seedling leaves gradually decreases with time, and the SPAD value of the tobacco seedling leaves processed by YT2K2 is the highest within a certain time; at the 40 th day, the SPAD values of tobacco seedling leaves treated by YT2K1, YT2K2, YT2K3 and YT2K4 are obviously higher than that of CK1, and are respectively increased by 2.97%, 6.38%, 6.16% and 4.59% compared with CK1, and the differences between YT2K5 and YT2K6 and CK1 are not obvious; at 45d, the chlorophyll SPAD value of YT2K2 treatment is the highest, and YT2K2 treatment, YT2K1 treatment, YT2K3 treatment and YT2K4 treatment are respectively improved by 2.57%, 5.50%, 3.09% and 2.90% compared with CK1, and the difference between YT2K5 treatment, YT2K6 treatment and CK1 is not significant; by the 50 th day, the SPAD value of the tobacco seedling leaves treated by YT2K2 is the largest, the ratio of YT2K2 treatment, YT2K3 treatment and YT2K4 treatment to CK1 is respectively improved by 5.33%, 3.31% and 2.31%, and the difference between YT2K6 treatment and CK1 is not obvious; by 55d, the SPAD values of tobacco seedling leaves in the other treatments are not obviously different except for YT2K2 treatment, and the YT2K2 treatment is improved by 4.52 percent compared with CK1. The seedling culture medium can promote the SPAD content of the tobacco leaves.

(6) Referring to The method of PEARSON K (reference: PEARSON K.1901. Primary components analysis [ J ]. The London, edinburgh, and Dublin Photoshop Magazine and Ional of science,6 (2): 559.), the SPSS 25.0 software was used to perform comprehensive evaluation of The influence of The growth and physiological indexes of tobacco seedlings, specifically, a principal component analysis comprehensive evaluation method was used to perform principal component analysis on 14 indexes of plant height, stem thickness, maximum leaf area, leaf number, fresh overground part weight, fresh underground part weight, dry overground part weight, dry underground part weight, chlorophyll SPAD value, emergence rate, total root length, root volume, root surface area, root tip number and The like of tobacco seedlings cultured by different seedling substrates, and The results are shown in Table 8.

TABLE 8 ingredient List and variance contribution ratio

Note: cumulative variance contribution = sum of principal component variance contributions.

As can be seen from table 8, 2 principal components are extracted from 14 indexes, and the cumulative variance contribution rate of the 2 principal components is 88.469%, which is more than 80% in accordance with the common cumulative contribution rate.

The SPSS 25.0 software is used for performing one-factor analysis of variance (Duncan method, P is less than 0.05) and principal component analysis, specifically, a factor score coefficient array is used for obtaining specific reference values of 2 principal components of each index and bringing the specific reference values into a comprehensive evaluation function formula (F = F1 × 75.37% + F2 × 13.099%), a comprehensive score is calculated, ranking is performed according to the size of the comprehensive score, and the result is shown in a table 9.

TABLE 9 Total principal Components values

As can be seen from table 9, the YT2K2 treatment gave the highest overall score and higher overall score than the CK1 and other treatments, indicating that the bacillus subtilis powder of example 1 was the best inoculum, with an inoculum size of 2-8% being the appropriate inoculation interval.

Test example 3

Greenhouse seedling raising test

1. Takes a soil manure institute greenhouse of an agricultural institute of Gansu province as a test base, and the total number is 1400m ² The experimental base was randomly divided into two areas, designated treatment 1 group (area 1) and treatment 2 group (area 2), each area prepared with 9 35-hole trays (each hole length × width × height =4.5cm × 4.5cm × 6.5 cm) for the following treatments:

treatment 1 group (denoted CK 1): adding the seedling substrate obtained in the comparative example 6 into 1 group of experimental bases according to the addition of 28 g/hole;

treatment 2 groups (noted YT2K 2): adding the seedling substrate obtained in the example 2 into 2 groups of experimental bases according to the addition of 28 g/hole;

2. taking Qin tobacco 99 as a test variety, selecting complete Qin tobacco 99 coated seeds with uniform size, transferring the seeds into an experimental base applying a seedling culture medium in the step 1 according to the seeding quantity of 4 seeds/mu, and managing by using a method for producing wet seedlings by using tobacco Tian Sheng.

3. The influence of different seedling raising substrates on the tobacco seedling growing period is detected, and the results are shown in table 10.

TABLE 10 Effect of different treatments of the growth period of tobacco seedlings

As can be seen from Table 10, the seedling substrate of the invention is significantly earlier than the ordinary substrate in each stage from the sowing to the small cross stage, the large cross stage and the seedling stage, and the seedling stage of the YT2K2 substrate is 10d earlier than that of the commodity substrate; the leaf number of tobacco seedlings cultivated by the YT2K2 substrate is obviously more than that of a commercial substrate by 10.81 percent, and the seedling substrate can promote early seedling formation of tobacco leaves.

4. After sowing for 60 days in the step 2, the growth of tobacco seedlings in each treatment group is detected, and the results are shown in the table 11.

TABLE 11 Effect of different treatments of the growth substrate on tobacco seedlings

According to the data in table 11, the plant height, stem thickness, maximum leaf area, fresh weight of the overground part, fresh weight of the underground part, dry weight of the overground part, dry weight of the underground part, root cap ratio and strong seedling index of the tobacco cultivated by the seedling raising substrate are respectively 23.22%, 17.93%, 18.49%, 39.31%, 86.75%, 25.00%, 65.52%, 39.77% and 40.48% higher than those of a commercial substrate, and the seedling raising substrate has a remarkable effect of promoting the growth of tobacco seedlings.

5. After the step 2, sowing for 60d, detecting the root growth condition of the tobacco seedlings of each treatment group, and obtaining the results as shown in the table 12.

TABLE 12 influence of growth-promoting tobacco seedling raising microbial substrate on the root condition of tobacco seedlings

According to the data in Table 12, the total root length, root surface area, root average diameter, root volume and root tip number of the tobacco seedlings cultivated by the seedling raising matrix are respectively increased by 97.70%, 81.27%, 2.44%, 73.91% and 36.66%, and the seedling raising matrix provided by the invention develops the root system of the tobacco seedlings.

By combining the embodiment, the seedling raising substrate can improve the emergence rate of tobacco seedlings, promote the growth of tobacco seedlings and the development of root systems, and improve the seedling raising effect of tobacco.

Although the above embodiments have been described in detail, they are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and one can also obtain other embodiments without inventive step according to the embodiments, and these embodiments all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The seedling culture substrate is characterized by comprising 73 parts by mass of sheep manure in a grazing area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, 146 parts by mass of grass carbon, 27 parts by mass of rice hulls, 71 parts by mass of perlite and 1.268 parts by mass of bacillus subtilis.

2. A seedling substrate according to claim 1, wherein the bacillus subtilis is added in the form of bacterial powder, and the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis in the bacterial powder is 1000 hundred million/g.

3. A seedling substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the perlite has a particle size of 2-5 mm.

4. A method for preparing a seedling raising substrate as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the fermentation comprises a first fermentation, a second fermentation, and a third fermentation;

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the water content of the mixture obtained by mixing the sheep manure and the rice hulls in the grazing area of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is 60-65%.

7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the decomposed product has a water content of 30% or less.

8. A method for producing a tobacco seedling substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or a method for producing a tobacco seedling substrate according to any one of claims 4 to 7.

9. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that the manner of application comprises sowing tobacco seeds in the seedling substrate.