CN115413540B - Breeding method for improving survival rate of mangosteen seedlings - Google Patents
Breeding method for improving survival rate of mangosteen seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/50—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor contained within a flexible envelope
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a breeding method for improving survival rate of mangosteen seedlings. The breeding method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: (1) mangosteen seed selection technology; (2) mangosteen germination accelerating technology; (3) mangosteen bud seedling bag moving technology; (4) mangosteen sprout management technology; (5) a mangosteen bag seedling transplanting technology. The breeding method provided by the invention realizes that the transplanting survival rate of mangosteen seedlings is greatly improved by more than 40% compared with the conventional seedling transplanting and transplanting survival rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a breeding method for improving survival rate of mangosteen seedlings.
Background
Mangosteen (school name: garcinia mangostana L.), commonly known as mangosteen, or pelargonium majus, and mangosteen. The mangosteen is native to the Malaysia islands and distributed in tropical regions such as southeast Asia, south Asia, africa, west India islands, dayang, north America and south America, and the countries mainly planted in southeast Asia have Thailand, malaysia, indonesia, philippines and Vietnam, wherein the planting area of Thailand reaches 69000hm in 2004 2 (about 103 ten thousand acres), most of mangoes on the market are imported as the mangoes are greatly affected by the environment. The imported mangosteen is usually picked when the mangosteen is not fully mature due to long-distance transportation, and the quality of the mangosteen is seriously affected due to long-distance transportation.
The development scale of the domestic mangosteen industry is not large, and the problems in various aspects of the existing mangosteen industry lead to the limited development of the mangosteen industry, wherein the low survival rate of mangosteen seedlings is one of important factors.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a breeding method for improving the survival rate of mangosteen seedlings. Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention has the following advantages: greatly improves the propagation efficiency of mangosteen seedlings; the survival rate of the mangosteen seedling transplanting is greatly improved; the operation method is simple. The breeding method provided by the invention realizes that the breeding survival rate of mangosteen seedlings is greatly improved by more than 40% compared with the conventional seedling transplanting and transplanting survival rate.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a breeding method for improving survival rate of mangosteen seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
(1) A mangosteen seed selection technology;
(2) Mangosteen germination accelerating technology;
(3) A mangosteen bud seedling bag moving technology;
(4) Mangosteen sprout management technology;
(5) And (5) transplanting mangosteen bag seedlings.
Preferably, the mangosteen seed selection technology comprises the following steps:
selecting fully mature mangosteen fruits on the tree, and harvesting the fruits to obtain mangosteen seeds;
the time for selecting fruits is 7-9 months.
Preferably, the germination accelerating technique comprises the following steps:
soaking the soaked seeds for 10 hours, removing pulp fibers, rubbing the seeds with clear water for 2-3 times, and then placing the mangosteen seeds in a seedling tray for germination acceleration; after the seeds bud, carrying out bag transfer, and cultivating bagged seedlings;
the seedling raising tray is filled with seedling raising matrixes;
the shading degree of the seedling raising environment is 85%, the humidity is 80% -90%, and the water content of the substrate in the seedling raising tray is kept 70% -80%.
Preferably, fine sand or gauze is used for gently rubbing and washing when pulp fibers are removed.
Preferably, the mangosteen bud seedling bag moving technology comprises the following steps:
when the mangosteen seeds bud to 1 core of 2 leaves of the bud seedling, the mangosteen seedling is moved into a seedling bag for cultivating bag seedlings;
the time for transferring the mangosteen seedlings into the seedling bag is 30-40 d after germination acceleration.
In the invention, flat tiles are placed at the bottom of the seedling raising bag, so that the downward growth speed of main roots is reduced, the growth of lateral roots is promoted, seedlings and matrixes in the seedling raising tray are carefully moved into the seedling raising bag together, and the matrixes in the seedling raising tray are mainly prevented from being scattered so as not to influence the transplanting survival rate, and each bag is 1 seedling. In rainy days, water is drained to avoid rotting seeds.
Preferably, the seedling raising bag has a depth of 20 cm-30 cm and a diameter of 10 cm-15 cm, and is filled with matrix;
the components of the matrix include: the red loam or surface soil, coconut husk and decomposed sheep manure are in a volume ratio of 3:1:1.
Preferably, the mangosteen sprout management technology comprises the following steps:
placing the seedling transplanting bag in a shade shed with the shading degree of 85% and the humidity of 80-90% for cultivation, and keeping the substrate of the seedling transplanting bag wet with the moisture content of 70-80%;
in sunny days, water is sprayed for 1 time every day; the water spraying time is in the morning or in the evening, and the water is wet to the extent that the soil is wet;
and (5) strengthening water and fertilizer management after the color and the area of the true leaves are stable in the 1 st pair after transplanting.
Preferably, the water and fertilizer management comprises the following steps:
the application frequency of the fertilization is 1 time/7-10 d;
the fertilizer is applied by using a ternary compound fertilizer, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15:15:15, and the concentration of the ternary compound fertilizer is 0.05% -0.1%;
in the invention, the cultivation time of the bag seedlings is preferably 18-24 months.
Preferably, the mangosteen bag seedling transplanting technology. The method comprises the following steps:
when the mangosteen seedlings grow to 30-50cm high, namely the seedlings can be transplanted out of a nursery for field cultivation for 18-24 months, watering is stopped for 7-10d before transplanting, proper drought is realized, matrixes in the bags are firmer, the seedlings in the bags are placed in the middle of planting holes for determining planting height firstly, then the seedling bags are sheared to the bottom by scissors, the seedling bags are gently taken out to prevent loosening of the seedling matrixes, then the planting holes are filled with soil, soil is forbidden to be stepped on while the soil is returned, so that the root systems of the mangosteen seedlings are prevented from being damaged by the matrixes or soil balls, a tree disk is made after the soil is returned, fixed root water is drenched, the tree disk is covered by ground cloth or straw, then each mangosteen seedling is built, a miniature sunshade with 75-80% of sunshade degree is kept, the application frequency of the water fertilizer is preferably consistent with that of the water fertilizer management above, the conventional management of the mangosteen seedlings can be removed after the mangosteen seedlings are stabilized for 6 months;
the time for transplanting in the field is 1-3 months.
Detailed Description
The following description refers to reagents or apparatus used without reference to specific techniques or conditions, and are carried out under conventional experimental conditions, and without a specific instruction from the reagent company, under conditions suggested by the instruction. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
Examples
1. Selecting Thailand mangosteen fruits produced by Wuzhishan and Baotai in Hainan, selecting full mangosteen seeds, and carrying out seed treatment on the seeds in 7 th month and 1 st 2020. Soaking selected seeds for 10 hours, slightly rubbing with fine sand or gauze to wash out residual pulp fibers, manually rubbing in clean water for 2-3 times, accelerating germination in a seedling tray, filling the seedling tray with a special matrix for market purchase, placing the seedling tray in a shadow mask with shading degree of 85% and humidity of about 90%, keeping the seedling tray matrix moist, and moving bags after the seeds bud, so as to cultivate bagged seedlings.
2. When the bud seedling of mangosteen reaches 2 leaves and 1 heart at the time of 30 days of 8 months in 2020 to 8 days of 9 months in 2020. And (5) transferring the mangosteen seedlings into a seedling bag for cultivating bag seedlings.
The cultivation bag has the specification of depth and diameter of 30cm x 10cm, and is filled with a substrate, wherein the substrate formula is red loam: coconut husk: sheep manure=3:1:1 (sheep manure must be thoroughly decomposed), the seedling transplanting time is 9 months in the same year, flat tiles are placed at the bottom of the seedling raising bag, the downward growth speed of main roots is weakened, the growth of lateral roots is promoted, young seedlings and matrixes in the seedling raising tray are carefully moved into the seedling raising bag together, the matrixes in the seedling raising tray are mainly prevented from being scattered, so that the transplanting survival rate is not influenced, and each bag is 1 seedling. The seedling transplanting bags are placed in a shade shed with the shading degree of 85% and the humidity of about 90%, the seedling transplanting bag substrate is kept moist all the time, and the seedling transplanting bags are sprayed with water for 1 time every day in the morning or in the evening for 1 time in sunny days, and the seedling transplanting bags are sprayed to soil for wetting. Drainage is needed to be paid attention in rainy days so as to prevent water stains from rotting, the first pair of true leaves of mangosteen seedlings are pulled out from the supporting leaves, the newly pulled true leaves are smaller and are brownish red in color, finally, the leaves turn green, the leaf area becomes large, water and fertilizer management is enhanced after the leaves are stabilized, water and fertilizer is carried out once every 7-10 days, the concentration of the ternary compound fertilizer (15:15:15) is about 0.1%, the mangosteen seedlings are Shi Baoshi, and the mangosteen seedlings can be transplanted out from a nursery to a field when the bagged seedlings are cultivated for 18-24 months to 30-50cm in height.
3. The seedling raising method comprises the steps of (1) carrying out field transplanting on mangosteen seedlings after 10 days of 2022 month 3 and 4 days of 2022, stopping watering 7-10 days before field transplanting, properly drought to enable matrixes in bags to be firmer, firstly determining planting height of the seedlings in the middle of planting holes during transplanting, cutting the seedling raising bags to the bottom by scissors, gently taking out the seedling raising bags to prevent loosening of seedling raising matrixes, namely soil balls, then filling the planting holes with return soil, inhibiting soil from being stepped on while returning soil, preventing the matrixes or the soil balls from scattering to damage root systems of the mangosteen seedlings, making tree plates after returning soil, spraying fixed root water, covering the tree plates with ground cloth or straw, then building a miniature sunshade with the sunshade degree of 75-80% for each plant, keeping the soil moist, carrying out conventional management after the sunshade is removed after 6 months after the seedlings are stabilized.
Comparative example
1. Selecting Thailand mangosteen fruits produced by Wuzhishan and Baotai in Hainan, selecting full mangosteen seeds, and carrying out seed treatment on the seeds in 7 th month and 1 st 2020. The method comprises the steps of soaking selected seeds for 10 hours, directly seeding the seeds in a seedling bag, filling nutrient soil with the specifications of depth and diameter of 30cm and 10cm, wherein the formula of a matrix is red loam: and (3) placing 1 seed per bag in a shade shed with the shading degree of 85% and the humidity of 90%, and culturing, wherein the organic fertilizer=9:1, and spraying water for 1 time every day in the morning or in the evening for 1 time in sunny days until the soil is wet. Drainage is needed to be paid attention in rainy days so as to prevent water stains from rotting, the first pair of true leaves of mangosteen seedlings are pulled out from the supporting leaves, the newly pulled true leaves are smaller and are brownish red in color, finally, the leaves turn green, the leaf area becomes large, water and fertilizer management is enhanced after the leaves are stabilized, water and fertilizer is carried out once every 7-10 days, the concentration of the ternary compound fertilizer (15:15:15) is about 0.1%, the mangosteen seedlings are Shi Baoshi, and the mangosteen seedlings can be transplanted out from a nursery to a field when the bagged seedlings are cultivated for 18-24 months to 30-50cm in height.
2. And 2022, 10 days 3 month to 2022, 4 days 4 months, taking the mangosteen seedlings out of the nursery, carrying out field transplanting, stopping watering 7-10 days before field transplanting, properly drought, enabling matrixes in bags to be firmer, putting the bagged seedlings in the middle of planting holes, firstly determining planting height, slightly taking out seedling bags, preventing the seedling matrixes, namely soil balls, from loosening, then returning soil to fill the planting holes, prohibiting soil returning and pressing, so as to prevent the matrixes or soil balls from scattering and damaging root systems of the mangosteen seedlings, making tree trays after returning the soil, spraying fixed root water, covering the tree trays with ground cloth or straw, keeping the soil moist, and keeping the water fertilizer management of the seedling transplanting bags consistent.
Application example
Comparative examples and comparative examples the mangosteen germination rate and seedling survival rate of the cultivation methods provided respectively.
TABLE 1 statistical table of mangosteen germination-accelerating seedling and field planting survival rate
As can be seen from Table 1, the cultivation method provided by the embodiment enables the germination rate of the mangosteen seeds to reach 80%, the survival rate of the bag moving after germination accelerating to reach 90%, the field planting survival rate to reach 95%, and the germination rate of the seeds in the comparative example, namely, the bag seedlings, is only 70%, and the field planting survival rate is only 55%, so that the cultivation method provided by the application can effectively improve the germination rate and the survival rate of the mangosteen seedlings.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it should be noted that modifications and enhancements can be made to the inventors without departing from the principles of the present invention, which modifications and enhancements are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The breeding method for improving the survival rate of the mangosteen seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) A mangosteen seed selection technology;
the mangosteen seed selection technology comprises the following steps:
selecting fully mature mangosteen fruits on the tree, and harvesting the fruits to obtain mangosteen seeds;
the fruit is selected for 7-9 months;
(2) Mangosteen germination accelerating technology;
the germination accelerating technology comprises the following steps:
soaking the soaked seeds for 10 hours, removing pulp fibers, rubbing the seeds with clear water for 2-3 times, and then placing the mangosteen seeds in a seedling tray for germination acceleration; after the seeds bud, carrying out bag transfer, and cultivating bagged seedlings; the pulp fibers are removed by using fine sand or gauze to gently rub and wash;
the seedling raising tray is filled with seedling raising matrixes;
the shading degree of the seedling raising environment is 85%, the humidity is 80% -90%, and the water content of the substrate in the seedling raising tray is kept 70% -80%;
(3) A mangosteen bud seedling bag moving technology;
the mangosteen bud seedling bag moving technology comprises the following steps of:
when the mangosteen seeds bud to 1 core of 2 leaves of the bud seedling, the mangosteen seedling is moved into a seedling bag for cultivating bag seedlings;
the time for transferring the mangosteen seedlings into the seedling bag is 30-40 d after germination;
the seedling raising bag has the depth of 20 cm-30 cm and the diameter of 10 cm-15 cm, and is filled with a matrix;
the components of the matrix include: red loam or surface soil, coconut husk and decomposed sheep manure, wherein the volume ratio of the red loam or surface soil to the coconut husk to the decomposed sheep manure is 3:1:1;
placing flat tiles at the bottom of the seedling raising bag, weakening the downward growth speed of main roots, promoting the growth of lateral roots, carefully moving seedlings and matrixes in the seedling raising tray into the seedling raising bag together, and mainly preventing the matrixes in the seedling raising tray from being scattered so as not to influence the transplanting survival rate, wherein each bag is 1 seedling;
(4) Mangosteen sprout management technology;
the mangosteen bud seedling management technology comprises the following steps:
placing the seedling transplanting bag in a shade shed with the shading degree of 85% and the humidity of 80% -90% for cultivation, wherein the water content of the substrate of the seedling transplanting bag is kept at 70% -80%;
when the sun is sunny, water is sprayed for 1 time every day; the water spraying time is in the morning or in the evening, and the water spraying degree is that soil is wet;
after the transplanting, the water and fertilizer management is enhanced after the color and the area of the true leaves are stabilized in the 1 st pair;
the water and fertilizer management comprises the following steps:
the application frequency of fertilization is 1 time/7-10 d;
the fertilizer is applied by using a ternary compound fertilizer, wherein the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15:15:15, and the concentration of the ternary compound fertilizer is 0.05% -0.1%;
(5) Transplanting mangosteen bag seedlings;
the mangosteen bag seedling transplanting technology comprises the following steps of:
when the mangosteen seedlings grow to 30-50cm high, taking out of the nursery and transplanting in a field, stopping watering 7-10d before transplanting, putting the seedlings in the middle of planting holes, firstly determining planting height, then cutting the seedling bags to the bottom by scissors, slightly taking out the seedling bags to prevent loosening of seedling matrixes, then filling the planting holes with soil, making tree trays after returning the soil, spraying root fixing water, covering the tree trays with ground cloth or rice straw, then building a miniature sunshade with 75-80% of sunshade degree for each mangosteen seedling, keeping soil moist, and removing the sunshade after the mangosteen seedlings grow stably for 6 months, thus carrying out conventional management of mangosteen;
the time for transplanting in the field is 1-3 months.
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Citations (5)
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| CN104221859A (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2014-12-24 | 中国热带农业科学院海口实验站 | Rapid propagation and cultivation method of mangosteen |
| CN104488592A (en) * | 2014-11-30 | 2015-04-08 | 王旭 | Mangosteen seedling culture method |
| CN105075766A (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2015-11-25 | 中国热带农业科学院海口实验站 | Cultivation method for facilitating yield increase of mangosteen |
| CN106171785A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-07 | 北海康维生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of rich water quality management method of Garcinia mangostana |
| CN106212161A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-14 | 北海康维生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of seedling management method of mangosteen |
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- 2022-09-30 CN CN202211210975.8A patent/CN115413540B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105075766A (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2015-11-25 | 中国热带农业科学院海口实验站 | Cultivation method for facilitating yield increase of mangosteen |
| CN104221859A (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2014-12-24 | 中国热带农业科学院海口实验站 | Rapid propagation and cultivation method of mangosteen |
| CN104488592A (en) * | 2014-11-30 | 2015-04-08 | 王旭 | Mangosteen seedling culture method |
| CN106171785A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-07 | 北海康维生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of rich water quality management method of Garcinia mangostana |
| CN106212161A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-14 | 北海康维生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of seedling management method of mangosteen |
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| Title |
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| 岭南山竹子育苗及造林技术;黄少锋 等;广东林业科技;第23卷(第3期);第94-96页 * |
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