CN100536650C - Quick breeding method for color calla high grade blossoming bulb - Google Patents
Quick breeding method for color calla high grade blossoming bulb Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for quickly cultivating the colorful mosque lotus. The invention comprises that cultivating small seed and cultivating the bloom ball, preparing base material, preparing planting bed, planting tube seed, managing, fertilizing, disinfecting, collecting ball, and storing. Compared with present technique, the invention has short cultivation time that reduces one year and high quality, while the root will not etch.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the flower cultivation technical field, specifically a kind of fast breeding method of color calla high grade blossoming bulb.
Background technology
Calla lily (colorful common callalily) belongs to Araeceae (Araceae), the perennial flowering bulb of water chestnut Nelumbo (Zantedeschia), originate in the south, Africa, happiness warm and humid climate environment, optimum growth temperature is 15～25 ℃, in the area, temperate zone, the self-sow cycle is: plantation in 3～April, and be flowering stage 5～June, 8～September, blade began jaundice, plant progresses into resting state, kind of the ball of can gathering for 11～December, through 2～3 months winter dormancy phase, sowing in 3～April, this shows that a self-sow cycle of calla lily is 1 year.
The calla lily dark green leaf has white and transparent spot on most of kind blades, and the petal edge is like water chestnut, and shape such as funnel, pattern have Huang, pale yellow, deep yellow, red, pink, yellow red secondary color etc.
Along with the continuous development of the industry of flowers and plants, calla lily has won numerous consumers' favor with its unique shape and beautiful tone, no matter be kind of ball or cut-flower, supply falls short of demand for domestic and international market.
Calla lily cut-flower quality with plant the ball size, plant the ball quality and culture technique closely related, high-quality kind spheroblast eye is full, epidermis is smooth, no mildew, no wound.Its diameter of the high grade blossoming bulb of calla lily is more than 5cm.
My the calla lily kind ball that diameter differed in 2004 the field statistical test with growth result of blooming, result of the test is as follows:
Table a kind of ball size and the result of the test of spending output, plant strain growth effect
| Plant bulb diameter (cm) | Average plant height (cm) | Average flower footpath (cm) | Average bennet long (cm) | A number of on average blooming | The average number of blade |
| 2 | 33.0 | 3.2 | 25.4 | 1.5 | 5.8 |
| 3 | 40.1 | 4.0 | 32.1 | 2.4 | 9.3 |
| 4 | 46.5 | 4.2 | 36.3 | 2.5 | 10.0 |
| 5 | 58.2 | 4.9 | 48.2 | 3.2 | 13.2 |
| 6 | 50.7 | 5.3 | 45.0 | 3.5 | 14.9 |
| 7 | 55.3 | 5.8 | 47.5 | 4.1 | 16.4 |
| 8 | 62.1 | 6.5 | 52.3 | 4.6 | 18.7 |
Annotate: plant ball and soaked kind of ball 10 minutes with the plain aqua of the red enzyme of 250mg/L.
Find out from last table: it is big more to plant ball, and its flower output is high more, and the flower quality is also good more, therefore greatly develops calla lily, thereby improves the blossoming bulb that key that its cut-flower yield and quality improves planting benefit is quickly breeding high-quality color common calla.
The problem that China produces the existence of calla lily kind ball mainly is: the tissue cultivating seedling transplanting survival rate is low, the cultivation time of blossoming bulb is longer, according to the conventional cultivation method, need use for 3 years from tissue cultivating seedling to cultivating into split, and plant the of poor quality of ball, produce the cost height of kind of ball, in recent years, the calla lily blossoming bulb of China's plantation mainly is to rely on external import, costs an arm and a leg, and this present situation has seriously restricted the development of calla lily in China.
Summary of the invention
The fast breeding method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of color calla high grade blossoming bulb.
The present invention makes full use of the self-sow time of calla lily, on the test of many times basis, summed up the water management that begins from the transition of high-quality tissue cultivating seedling, prevention of damage by disease, the soil basal dressing is in conjunction with the foliar application in vegetative period, and each details in the calla lily cultivation management: as before seedling (ball) field planting, irrigating a series of corresponding cultivation techniques rules such as trickle and important link such as underground deep layer soil, especially the application of methyl on kind of ball is cultivated, can be in two years tissue cultivating seedling be all cultivated into diameter and is the split more than the 5cm, make the time ratio conventional cultivation method of cultivating into blossoming bulb shorten 1 year, realized planting the important breakthrough of ball cultivation technology by tissue cultivating seedling.The cultivation method of high grade blossoming bulb is as follows:
One, the cultivation of small seed ball
The cultivation of large batch of calla lily kind ball is from test-tube plantlet, and the matrix of high-quality test-tube plantlet, liquid manure cultivation method for matching are:
(1) preparation of the preparation of cultivation matrix and field planting bed
The principle of cultivation matrix preparation is that the matrix retention ability is strong, and drainage performance is good, and loose ventilative, the content of organic matter is abundant.
Prepare matrix with perlite and humus in 1: 3～5 ratio earlier, matrix prepares the every 100m in back
3Mix N, P, K nutrient equal proportion composite fertilizer 30～50kg, well-rotted farmyard manure 300～500kg, mixing becomes cultivation matrix, water with cleaning is sprayed on the cultivation matrix, slowly soak, its humidity is: pinching with hand can be agglomerating, and agglomerating matrix can be split again and is as the criterion after hand stretched; Level land then, make wide 1 meter furrow,, can make four of such brick furrow in the wide 6 meters standard booth, leave the pavement between every brick furrow, so that management at long 30 meters; The degree of depth of brick furrow is that 30～35cm is advisable, and earlier the soil in the brick furrow is soaked into clean water before the planting seedlings, and the cultivation matrix that will mix is layered in the brick furrow equably by the degree of depth of 25～28cm again, keeps the nature rarefaction.
(2) the bottle outlet time
In greenhouse or the booth, but equal transition calla lily tissue cultivating seedling throughout the year, and the area, temperate zone is best bottle outlet time being 2～March.Select well developed root system during bottle outlet, the seedling of blade stalwartness with the medium wash clean of clean clear water with root, gets final product field planting with the broad-spectrum germicide sterilizing after 3～5 minutes with clean seedling.
(3) test-tube plantlet field planting
The density of field planting: the density of different kind field planting is different, and the kind of Yellow series is with spacing in the rows * line-spacing=8～10cm * 10～12cm, and the kind planting density of red series can get final product with spacing in the rows * line-spacing=5～8cm * 8～10cm more greatly; During field planting with the root of test-tube plantlet carefully along advancing in the soil (can not cut short or coil agglomerating), because of the blade of calla lily be that base is given birth to, root top is buried unsuitable deeply during field planting, clutch with pointing the position that seedling is combined with matrix the root back of burying.
(4) manage after the test-tube plantlet field planting
1) water management
From field planting, in 10～15 days, keep moistening on the blade of seedling, looking weather condition sprays water in right amount, the branch atomizing effect of spraying water will be got well, because the deep soil below the cultivation matrix has soaked into clean water and the humidity of cultivation matrix is enough kept seedling during this period of time to the demand of moisture before planting seedlings, for avoiding root to be soaked by free moisture in the soil, cause mashed root, so water spray the time makes moisture drop on the blade (avoiding as much as possible moisture is fallen into matrix below the seedling) as far as possible.
From field planting, after 10～15 days, the root at the underground position of seedling has grown new root, has possessed the ability that absorbs water from soil, can carry out an amount of soil and water, and the number of times of water spray reduces gradually, here is principle to guarantee that blade does not wither.
After 30 days, decide on weather condition and soil moisture, after setting to the sun, or water or do not water, the amount of watering is as the criterion to irrigate, and pinching with hand when check the next morning can be agglomerating, and hand is stretched out agglomerating soil property and can be split again, and just to water the water yield suitable in explanation.
2) fertilising
The preparation of fertilizer: the calla lily blade is roomy, suitable foliar application, and per 50 gram foliar fertilizers are dissolved in thoroughly dissolving in 25 kg of water, stir and can use, the compound method of foliage fertilizer such as table 2 and table 3.
Table 2: the composition of fertilizer and content thereof
| The fertilizer title | Nitrate of lime | Potassium nitrate | Urea | Potassium dihydrogen phosphate | Compound trace element fertilizer | Add up to |
| Fertilizer amount (gram) | 10 | 8 | 12 | 15 | 5 | 50 |
Table 3: the composition of compound trace element fertilizer and content thereof in the table 2
| The fertilizer title | Ferrous sulfate | Manganese sulphate | Magnesium sulfate | Zinc sulphate | Copper sulphate | Molybdenum acid ammonia | Boric acid | Add up to |
| Fertilizer amount (gram) | 0.23 | 0.03 | 4.72 | 0.013 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 5 |
When the preparation foliage fertilizer: nitrate of lime, potassium nitrate, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate are mixed together preparation; Ferrous sulfate, manganese sulphate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulphate, copper sulphate, molybdenum acid ammonia, boric acid are mixed together preparation; The fertilizer for preparing is separated seasoning in shady and cool dry environment, and the time spent takes by weighing needed amount more respectively.
Fertilizing method: foliage-spray, weekly twice, fertilising is selected in after afternoon, the sun set, and fertilising front vane surface is airing fully, and no longer sprayed water the same day in blade fertilising back, to guarantee fertilizer efficiency.
3) prevention of damage by disease
The disease that calla lily is common: the disease of calla lily mainly contains downy mildew, gray mold, rot.
The prevention of damage by disease of calla lily: prevention of damage by disease comprises prevention of acrial part plant diseases and under ground portion napiform root prevention of damage by disease.Ventilated and the assanation that guarantees growing environment is to avoid plant that the precondition of disease takes place, weekly chemoprophylaxis is to avoid providing safeguard of disease, before the spray medicine, make the blade face dry and comfortable as much as possible, spray medicine after the sun sets, no longer sprayed water the same day behind the spray medicine, and to guarantee drug effect, agricultural chemicals commonly used has thiophanate methyl, carbendazim, tpn, benomyl etc.; The prevention of underground napiform root disease is with executing the way of watering, and agricultural chemicals commonly used has agricultural streptomycin, fenaminosulf etc.Agricultural chemicals will be used alternatingly, and avoids developing immunity to drugs, and the prevention of damage by disease of acrial part and under ground portion will carry out simultaneously.
In 5～September, except above-mentioned water management, fertilizing management, prevention of damage by disease, be also noted that the plant shading.Because 5～September, light was too strong, from plant top 100～120cm eminence, sunshade net shading with 50%-70%, when temperature is higher than 30 ℃, be also noted that cooling, cool-down method is: the upper and lower surface of inside and outside, booth top, sunshade net is directly sprayed water, and such method cost is low, cooling is fast, and is effective.
After September: in the area, temperate zone, plant progresses into resting state after September, and blade begins jaundice.Therefore, in management: do not re-use the sunshade net; Stop fertilising; Moisture will reduce gradually, guarantees to make the blade of acrial part withered fully before arriving frost season in winter, when plant has 2/3 yellow leaf, stop to water, but the prevention work of disease to carry on as usual, withered fully up to blade.During this period, also to constantly remove the dead leaf in the environment, weeds.
(5) plant gathering and preserving of ball
1) planting ball gathers
Gathering of kind of ball will stop to water and the acrial part blade can be excavated after withered fully fully, each is variant in the concrete asynchronism(-nization) area of gathering, China's southern area is not strict with, the northern area of China its principle on the time of excavating is to guarantee to plant a ball can not endure cold, in other words, be exactly before frost in the soil.Dig a vertical section from one side of no ball when excavating,, turn over from lower to upper, to guarantee the intact of kind of ball from the bottom in vertical section according to the degree of depth of kind of ball.
2) storage after the kind ball is gathered
After the kind ball is gathered, place ventilated, dry nice and cool, non-icing indoor natural wind to do, the kind ball of just having excavated can not stack, to promptly evacuate out, with ventilated plastic crate, shop rough paper of one deck or hay in the basket, to plant ball lies against in the basket, eye up, plastic crate is piled up (must guard against kind of ball blown cruelly and be exposed to the sun, or refrigerate lacking under the technological guidance) more from level to level.
Two, the cultivation of blossoming bulb
(1) processing of kind ball
The methyl of annual small seed ball with 500～1000mg/L soaked 15～10 minutes, get final product field planting behind the airing.
(2) field planting of kind ball
1) cultivating soil is prepared
Cultivating soil preparation: it is fertile to cultivate used soil requirement soil property, and loose ventilative, the content of organic matter is abundant, according to red soil or sandy loam: perlite: the ratio preparation soil of humus=1: 1: 3～10; And to soil sterilization; The soil for preparing is layered in the brick groove wide 1 meter in the standard booth (long 30 meters, wide 6 meters) equably by 25cm thickness, and base manure is by every 100m then
2Execute N, P, K nutrient equal proportion composite fertilizer 50～100kg, well-rotted farmyard manure 300～800kg, ploughing under to mix in the soil becomes cultivating soil; Before cultivating soil is layered in the brick groove, earlier the soil in the brick groove cultivating soil to be squirted with clean water saturates, humidity can be agglomerating to pinch with hand, and hand stretches the agglomerating matrix in back and can split and be standard, cultivating soil keeps the nature rarefaction.
2) plant the ball field planting
Be ready to get final product field planting behind the cultivating soil, plant the density of ball field planting and decide with kind of ball size, different kinds is also different to the density requirements of field planting, is example with yellow kind, and plantation density sees table 4, and the kind plantation density of red series can be slightly larger.But the area, temperate zone is in just field planting in February, and the tropical and subtropical zone area can also can advance to mid or late December more earlier.
The degree of depth of field planting is with about 2 times of kind of ball thickness, and earthing is smooth to guarantee after the field planting, uses plastic mulching after the area field planting in February of temperate zone.One deck 3～4cm thick straw or other straws in shop above after the kind ball field planting of tropical and subtropical zone area is with the cooling of preserving moisture.
Table 4 kind of ball size and plantation density relation
| Plant bulb diameter (cm) | 2～3 | 3～4 | 4～5 | 5～6 |
| Plantation density: spacing in the rows | 10×15 | 15×18 | 18×20 | 20×20 |
3) management after the field planting of kind ball
Management before kind of ball germinates: in 2～March, calla lily kind ball is 25 ± 5 days at underground germinating time, in the meantime, guarantees temperature daytime in the booth between 15～25 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is not less than 6 ℃.
Plant the management after ball germinates: after planting the ball germination, mulch film is torn gently and opening part is built with soil at the bud place, after waiting all to plant the whole germinations of ball, mulch film is cleaned out, management method afterwards is identical with aforesaid " management of test-tube plantlet field planting after 30 days ".
The present invention makes material with yellow calla high grade bottle seedling, conventional cultivation method and the annual small seed ball kind of matrix liquid manure corresponding cultivation techniques method cultivation calla lily ball are contrasted, concrete grammar is: press 5 point samplings respectively in the booth of conventional cultivation method and matrix liquid manure corresponding cultivation techniques method, each sampling point takes 100 kind balls in flakes adds up result such as following table 5:
The comparison of the cultivation method kind ball size that table 5 is different
Annotate: " conventional cultivation " refers to not add in the soil matrix and fertilizer, only with red soil or sandy loam cultivation." matrix liquid manure is supporting " refers to the method preparation cultivation matrix described in the present invention cultivation of small seed ball ", ".The two is consistent on other managerial skills.
As seen from the above table, matrix liquid manure cultivation method for matching increases 1.9cm than the average every ball of conventional cultivation method, receive 36000 in ball by every mu, price is calculated (by 1 yuan of diameter/cm), matrix liquid manure cultivation method for matching increases income 6.8 ten thousand yuan than the average yield per mu of conventional cultivation method by wholesale market price.
In addition, with diameter is that the yellow common calla kind of 3～4cm ball is made material, to the conventional cultivation method, soil matrix liquid manure is supporting, soil matrix liquid manure is supporting+three kinds of different culture technique methods of methyl (600mg/L) carry out the field comparative trial that blossoming bulb is cultivated, statistics is as follows:
The statistics of the different cultivation method kind of table 6 ball size
Annotate: " conventional cultivation " refers to not add in the soil matrix and fertilizer is only cultivated with red soil or sandy loam." soil matrix liquid manure is supporting " refers among the present invention (two, (2) 1)) described method preparation cultivating soil." soil matrix liquid manure supporting+methyl " refers to " with 500～1000mg/L methyl processing small seed ball, cultivating with soil matrix liquid manure corresponding cultivation soil earlier " of the present invention.The three is consistent on other managerial skills.
As seen from Table 6, the 3rd kind of cultivation method average diameter increases 2.4cm than the 2nd kind of cultivation method, increases 6.1cm than the 1st kind of cultivation method.By every mu of 10000 plantations, wholesale market price is calculated, and the 3rd kind of cultivation method increases income 2.4 ten thousand yuan than the 2nd kind of cultivation method per mu yield, increases income 6.1 ten thousand yuan than the 1st kind of cultivation method per mu yield, and the 2nd kind of cultivation method increases income 3.7 ten thousand yuan than the 1st kind of cultivation method per mu yield.
The present invention's advantage the most significant compared with the prior art is: calla lily needed time of the cultivation of macrospecies ball of blooming is short, shortened one-year age than art methods, secondly, no matter be annual small seed ball or biennial macrospecies ball quality better of blooming: breathe freely because the soil is porous, plant is difficult for mashed root, simultaneously, because the soil is porous, guarantee that kind of a ball is difficult for digging mashed.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The cultivation of small seed ball:
(1) preparation of the preparation of cultivation matrix and field planting bed
Prepare matrix with perlite and humus in the ratio of 1: 3 (～5) earlier, matrix prepares the every 100m in back
3Mix N, P, K nutrient equal proportion composite fertilizer 30 (～50) kg, well-rotted farmyard manure 300 (～500) kg, mixing becomes cultivation matrix, is sprayed on the cultivation matrix with the water that cleans, slowly soak, humidity is pinched with hand can be agglomerating (hand stretch the agglomerating matrix in back can split again be as the criterion); Level land then, make wide 1 meter furrow,, can make four of such brick furrow in the wide 6 meters standard booth, leave the pavement between every brick furrow, so that management at long 30 meters; The degree of depth of brick furrow is that 30～35cm is advisable, and earlier the soil in the brick furrow is soaked into clean water before the planting seedlings, and the cultivation matrix that will mix is layered in the brick furrow equably by the degree of depth of 25～28cm again, keeps the nature rarefaction.
(2) the bottle outlet time
The area, temperate zone is best bottle outlet time being 2～March, select well developed root system during bottle outlet, the seedling of blade stalwartness, with the medium wash clean of clean clear water with root, clean seedling is used broad-spectrum pesticides such as bactericide such as carbendazim tpn, sterilizing got final product field planting after 3～5 minutes, was colonizated in the heat preservation greenhouse.(in greenhouse or the booth, but equal throughout the year transition calla lily tissue cultivating seedling).
(3) test-tube plantlet field planting
The kind of Yellow series is with spacing in the rows * line-spacing=10cm * 10cm, and the kind planting density of red series can get final product with spacing in the rows * line-spacing=8cm * 10cm more greatly; During field planting with the root of test-tube plantlet carefully along advancing in the soil, root top is buried unsuitable deeply during field planting, clutch with pointing the position that seedling is combined with matrix the root back of burying.
(4) manage after the test-tube plantlet field planting
1) water management
From field planting, in 10～15 days, look weather condition and spray water in right amount, keep moistening on the blade of seedling, institute's branch atomizing effect of spraying water is better, drops on the blade as much as possible with the assurance branch of being sprayed water;
From field planting, after 10～15 days, the root at the underground position of seedling has grown new root, has possessed the ability that absorbs water from soil, carries out an amount of soil and waters, and the number of times of water spray reduces gradually, here is principle to guarantee that blade does not wither.
After 30 days, decide on weather condition and soil moisture, after setting to the sun, or water or do not water, the amount of watering is as the criterion to irrigate, and pinching with hand when check the next morning can be agglomerating, and hand is stretched out agglomerating soil property and can be split again, and just to water the water yield suitable in explanation.
2) fertilising
The preparation of fertilizer: per 50 gram fertilizer are dissolved in thoroughly dissolving in 25 kg of water, stir and can use, the compound method of fertilizer such as table 2 and table 3.
Table 2: the composition of fertilizer and content thereof
| The fertilizer title | Nitrate of lime | Potassium nitrate | Urea | Potassium dihydrogen phosphate | Compound trace element fertilizer | Add up to |
| Fertilizer amount (gram) | 10 | 8 | 12 | 15 | 5 | 50 |
Table 3: the composition of compound trace element fertilizer and content thereof in the table 2
| The fertilizer title | Ferrous sulfate | Manganese sulphate | Magnesium sulfate | Zinc sulphate | Copper sulphate | Molybdenum acid ammonia | Boric acid | Add up to |
| Fertilizer amount (gram) | 0.23 | 0.03 | 4.72 | 0.013 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 5 |
The preparation of fertilizer is: nitrate of lime, potassium nitrate, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate are mixed together preparation; Ferrous sulfate, manganese sulphate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulphate, copper sulphate, molybdenum acid ammonia, boric acid are mixed together preparation; The fertilizer for preparing is separated seasoning in shady and cool dry environment, and the time spent takes by weighing needed amount more respectively.
Fertilizing method: foliage-spray, weekly twice, fertilising is selected in after afternoon, the sun set, and fertilising front vane surface is airing fully, and no longer sprayed water the same day in blade fertilising back, to guarantee fertilizer efficiency.
3) prevention of damage by disease
The disease of calla lily mainly contains downy mildew, gray mold, rot.
The prevention of damage by disease of calla lily: prevention of damage by disease comprises prevention of acrial part plant diseases and under ground portion napiform root prevention of damage by disease.Ventilated and the assanation that guarantees growing environment is to avoid plant that the precondition of disease takes place, weekly chemoprophylaxis is for avoiding disease, before the spray medicine, make the blade face dry and comfortable as much as possible, spray medicine after the sun sets, no longer sprayed water the same day behind the spray medicine, and to guarantee drug effect, agricultural chemicals commonly used has thiophanate methyl, carbendazim, tpn, benomyl etc.; The prevention of underground napiform root disease is with executing the way of watering, and agricultural chemicals commonly used has agricultural streptomycin, fenaminosulf etc.Agricultural chemicals will be used alternatingly, and avoids developing immunity to drugs, and the prevention of damage by disease of acrial part and under ground portion will carry out simultaneously, and application method is undertaken by the requirement of product description.
In 5～September, except above-mentioned water management, fertilizing management, prevention of damage by disease, be also noted that the plant shading.Because 5～September, light was too strong, from plant top 100～120cm eminence, sunshade net shading with 50%-70%, when temperature is higher than 30 ℃, be also noted that cooling, cool-down method is: the upper and lower surface of inside and outside, booth top, sunshade net is directly sprayed water, and such method cost is low, cooling is fast, and is effective.
After September: in the area, temperate zone, plant progresses into resting state after September, blade begins jaundice, does not re-use the sunshade net, stops fertilising, moisture will reduce gradually, guarantee before arriving frost season in winter, to make the blade of acrial part withered fully, when plant has 2/3 yellow leaf, stop to water, but the prevention work of disease will be carried on as usual, and is withered fully up to blade.
(5) plant gathering and preserving of ball
1) planting ball gathers
Gathering of kind of ball will stop to water and the acrial part blade can be excavated after withered fully fully, each is variant in the concrete asynchronism(-nization) area of gathering, China's southern area is not strict with, the northern area of China its principle on the time of excavating is to guarantee to plant a ball can not endure cold, in other words, be exactly before frost in the soil.Dig a vertical section from one side of no ball when excavating,, turn over from lower to upper, to guarantee the intact of kind of ball from the bottom in vertical section according to the degree of depth of kind of ball.
2) storage after the kind ball is gathered
After kind of ball is gathered, place ventilated, dry nice and cool, non-icing indoor natural wind to do, the kind ball of just having excavated will promptly be evacuated out, with ventilated plastic crate, shop rough paper of one deck or hay will be planted ball and be lain against in the basket in the basket, eye up, plastic crate is piled up again.
Embodiment 2:
The cultivation of blossoming bulb
(1) processing of kind ball
The methyl of annual small seed ball with 600mg/L soaked 10～15 minutes, get final product field planting behind the airing;
(2) field planting of kind ball
1) cultivating soil is prepared
Cultivating soil preparation: it is fertile, loose to cultivate used soil requirement soil property, according to red soil (or sandy loam): perlite: the ratio preparation soil of humus=1: 1: 4; And to soil sterilization (conventional method); The soil for preparing is layered in the brick groove wide 1 meter in the standard booth equably by 25cm thickness, and base manure is by every 100m then
2Execute N, P, K nutrient equal proportion composite fertilizer 75kg, well-rotted farmyard manure 500kg, ploughing under to mix in the soil becomes cultivating soil; Before cultivating soil is layered in the brick groove, earlier the soil in the brick groove cultivating soil to be squirted with clean water saturates, humidity can be agglomerating to pinch with hand, and hand stretches the agglomerating matrix in back and can split and be standard, cultivating soil keeps the nature rarefaction.
2) plant the ball field planting
Plant the density of ball field planting and decide with kind of ball size, different kinds is also different to the density requirements of field planting, is example with yellow kind, and plantation density sees table 4, and the kind plantation density of red series can be slightly larger.But the area, temperate zone is in just field planting in February, and the tropical and subtropical zone area can also can advance to the mid or late December field planting more earlier.
The degree of depth of field planting is with about 2 times of kind of ball thickness, and earthing is used plastic mulching to keep smooth after the area field planting in February of temperate zone after the field planting.One deck 3～4cm thick straw or other straws in shop above after the kind ball field planting of tropical and subtropical zone area is with the cooling of preserving moisture.
Table 4 kind of ball size and plantation density relation
| Plant bulb diameter (cm) | 2～3 | 3～4 | 4～5 | 5～6 |
| Plantation density: spacing in the rows (cm) | 10×15 | 15×18 | 18×20 | 20×20 |
3) management after the field planting of kind ball
Management before kind of ball germinates: in 2～March, calla lily kind ball is 25 ± 2 days at underground germinating time, in the meantime, guarantees temperature daytime in the booth between 15～25 ℃, to be not less than 6 ℃ night.
Plant the management after ball germinates: after planting the ball germination, mulch film is torn gently and opening part is built with soil at the bud place, wait all to plant after balls all germinate, mulch film is cleaned out, management method afterwards is identical with " management of test-tube plantlet field planting after 30 days " method among the embodiment 1.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of fast breeding method of color calla high grade blossoming bulb is characterized in that comprising the cultivation of small seed ball and the cultivation of blossoming bulb, and concrete cultivation method is as follows:
One) cultivation of small seed ball
(1) preparation of the preparation of cultivation matrix and field planting bed
Prepare matrix with the substitute of perlite and humus or humus in 1: 3～5 ratio earlier, matrix prepares the every 100m in back
3Mix N, P, K nutrient equal proportion composite fertilizer 30～50kg, well-rotted farmyard manure 300～500kg, mixing becomes cultivation matrix, water with cleaning is sprayed on the cultivation matrix, slowly soak, level land then, make wide 1 meter furrow, at long 30 meters, can make four of such brick furrow in the wide 6 meters standard booth, leave the pavement between every brick furrow, the degree of depth of brick furrow is that 30～35cm is advisable, earlier the soil in the brick furrow is soaked into clean water before the planting seedlings, the cultivation matrix that will mix is layered in the brick furrow equably by the degree of depth of 25～28cm again, keeps the nature rarefaction;
(2) bottle outlet
In greenhouse or the booth, but equal transition calla lily tissue cultivating seedling throughout the year, and the area, temperate zone is best bottle outlet time being 2～March; Select well developed root system during bottle outlet, the seedling of blade stalwartness with the medium wash clean of clean clear water with root, gets final product field planting with the broad-spectrum germicide sterilizing after 3～5 minutes with clean seedling;
(3) test-tube plantlet field planting
The density of field planting: the density of different kind field planting is different, and the kind of Yellow series is with spacing in the rows * line-spacing=8～10cm * 10～12cm, and the kind planting density spacing in the rows * line-spacing=5～8cm * 8～10cm of red series; During field planting with the root of test-tube plantlet carefully along advancing in the soil, root top is buried unsuitable deeply during field planting, clutch with pointing the position that seedling is combined with matrix the root back of burying;
(4) manage after the test-tube plantlet field planting
1) water management
From field planting, in 10～15 days, keep moistening on the blade of seedling, look weather condition and spray water in right amount, to guarantee that the branch of being sprayed water drops on the blade as much as possible; From field planting, after 10～15 days, carry out an amount of soil and water, the number of times of water spray reduces gradually, here is principle to guarantee that blade does not wither; After 30 days, water spray decide on weather condition and soil moisture, and the amount of watering is as the criterion to irrigate, and pinching with hand when check the next morning can be agglomerating, and hand is stretched out agglomerating soil property and can be split again, just illustrates that to water the water yield suitable;
2) fertilising
Fertilizing method: foliage-spray, per 50 gram foliar fertilizers are dissolved in thoroughly dissolving in 25 kg of water, stir and can use, weekly twice, fertilising is selected in after afternoon, the sun set, and fertilising front vane surface is airing fully, no longer sprayed water the same day in blade fertilising back, to guarantee fertilizer efficiency;
3) prevention of damage by disease
Prevention of damage by disease comprises prevention of acrial part plant diseases and under ground portion napiform root prevention of damage by disease, ventilated and the assanation that guarantees growing environment is to avoid plant that the precondition of disease takes place, weekly chemoprophylaxis, before the spray medicine, make the blade face dry and comfortable as much as possible, spray medicine after the sun sets; The prevention of underground napiform root disease is with executing the way of watering, and the prevention of damage by disease of acrial part and under ground portion carries out simultaneously;
4) 5～September, note the plant shading, because 5～September, light was too strong, from plant top 100～120cm eminence, use the sunshade net shading of 50%-70%, when temperature is higher than 30 ℃, need cooling, cool-down method is: the upper and lower surface of inside and outside, booth top, sunshade net is directly sprayed water; Moisture will reduce gradually after September, guarantees to make the blade of acrial part withered fully before arriving frost season in winter, when plant has 2/3 yellow leaf, stop to water, and the prevention work of disease will be carried on as usual, and is withered fully up to blade;
(5) plant gathering and preserving of ball
1) planting ball gathers
Can excavate kind of a ball after the acrial part blade is withered fully, the time of gathering is to guarantee to plant a ball not endure cold, promptly before frost in the soil, dig a vertical section from one side of no ball when excavating, according to the degree of depth of kind of ball, turn over from lower to upper from the bottom in vertical section, to guarantee the intact of kind of ball;
2) storage after the kind ball is gathered
After kind of ball is gathered, place ventilated, dry nice and cool, non-icing indoor natural wind to do, the kind ball of just having excavated will promptly be evacuated out, and with ventilated plastic crate, spreads rough paper of one deck or hay in the basket, will plant ball and lie against in the basket, and eye up.
Two) cultivation of blossoming bulb
(1) processing of kind ball
The methyl of annual small seed ball with 500～1000mg/L soaked 15～10 minutes, get final product field planting behind the airing;
(2) field planting of kind ball
1) cultivating soil is prepared
Cultivating soil preparation: it is fertile, loose to cultivate used soil requirement soil property, according to red soil or sandy loam: perlite: the ratio preparation soil of humus=1: 1: 3～10; And to soil sterilization; The soil for preparing is layered on equably by 20～25cm thickness in the brick groove of standard booth, and base manure is by every 100m then
2Execute N, P, K nutrient equal proportion composite fertilizer 50～100kg, well-rotted farmyard manure 300～800kg, ploughing under to mix in the soil becomes cultivating soil; Before cultivating soil is layered in the brick groove, with the water saturates of the soil in the brick groove, cultivating soil is squirted earlier with cleaning, cultivating soil keeps the nature rarefaction;
2) plant the ball field planting
Planting the density of ball field planting decides with kind of ball size, different kinds is also different to the density requirements of field planting, and yellow kind plantation density sees table 4, and the kind plantation density of red series can be slightly larger, but the area, temperate zone is in just field planting in February, and the tropical and subtropical zone area can also be more early; The degree of depth of field planting is with about 2 times of kind of ball thickness, and earthing is used plastic mulching to keep smooth after the area field planting of temperate zone after the field planting; One deck 3～4cm thick straw or other straws in shop above after the kind ball field planting of tropical and subtropical zone area is with the cooling of preserving moisture;
Table 4 kind of ball size and plantation density relation
3) management after the field planting of kind ball
Management before kind of ball germinates: in 2～March, calla lily kind ball is 25 ± 5 days at underground germinating time, in the meantime, guarantees temperature daytime in the booth between 15～25 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is not less than 6 ℃; Management after kind of ball germinates: plant after ball germinates, mulch film is torn gently and opening part is built with soil at the bud place, wait all to plant after balls all germinate, with the ground membrane removal, management afterwards is identical with " management of test-tube plantlet field planting after 30 days ".
2, the fast breeding method of color calla high grade blossoming bulb according to claim 1, it is characterized in that compound trace element fertilizer is by following preparation: ferrous sulfate 0.23, manganese sulphate 0.03, magnesium sulfate 4.72, zinc sulphate 0.013, copper sulphate 0.001, molybdenum acid ammonia 0.003, boric acid 0.003 is mixed together them and is mixed with.
3, the fast breeding method of color calla high grade blossoming bulb according to claim 1 is characterized in that foliage fertilizer is by following preparation: nitrate of lime 10, and potassium nitrate 8, urea 12, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15, compound trace element fertilizer 5 is weight portion; First with nitrate of lime, potassium nitrate, urea after potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixes, adds compound trace element fertilizer again and is hybridly prepared into.
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| CN101228826B (en) * | 2007-12-10 | 2010-06-02 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method of relieving seedball dormancy and promoting efflorescence for zantedeschia hybrida |
| CN101627729B (en) * | 2008-07-17 | 2011-11-23 | 北京市农林科学院 | High-quality corm of colorful calla and method for cultivating same |
| CN102584441B (en) * | 2012-02-14 | 2013-12-11 | 上海市农业科学院 | Cultivation matrix and cultivation method for zantedeschia hybrida cut flower |
| CN103314952A (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2013-09-25 | 北京市农林科学院 | Leaf preserving formula for feeding insects |
| CN104054562B (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2016-03-30 | 欧中（福建）植物技术有限公司 | A kind of calla lily cultivation matrix |
| CN108739000A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-06 | 水利部牧区水利科学研究所 | A kind of method for transplanting and breeding method improving shiny-leaved yellowhorn sapling survival rate |
| CN110870446A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-10 | 广西优吉屯农业科技有限公司 | High-yield cultivation method for water chestnut |
| CN113854091B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-04-19 | 佛山市连艺生物科技有限公司 | Method for improving field cultivation/pot culture quality of red torch curcuma aromatica |
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| CN1557127A (en) * | 2004-02-04 | 2004-12-29 | 贵州科学院 | Calla high yield cultivation method |
| CN1799312A (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2006-07-12 | 云南省农业科学院 | Off-season cultivation method for cutting flower of colorful common callality |
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| CN1557127A (en) * | 2004-02-04 | 2004-12-29 | 贵州科学院 | Calla high yield cultivation method |
| CN1799312A (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2006-07-12 | 云南省农业科学院 | Off-season cultivation method for cutting flower of colorful common callality |
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| 彩色马蹄莲促成栽培技术研究. 张璐萍等.西南农业学报，第19卷第1期. 2006 |
| 彩色马蹄莲促成栽培技术研究. 张璐萍等.西南农业学报，第19卷第1期. 2006 * |
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