CN103621217B - Gordonia acuminata seed germination and seedling raising method - Google Patents
Gordonia acuminata seed germination and seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gordonia acuminata seed germination and seedling raising method. The method comprises the following steps: collecting gordonia acuminate fruits which have micro-cracks or are about to crack, coating the gordonia acuminate fruits with a medium containing 20-30% of water, then placing the coated gordonia acuminate fruits into a black bag, placing in an environment at the temperature of 20 DEG C-25 DEG C for 4-7d till the gordonia acuminate fruits have the micro-cracks, immediately shelling the fruits with the micro-cracks, retaining seed wings of taken seeds, selecting the full and complete seeds with the seed wings, uniformly mixing with wet sand, and storing at the temperature of 15 DEG C-25 DEG C for 25-30d, wherein the content of water in the wet sand is 10%-15% in the initial stage and is increased to 50% in the middle and late stages; soaking the seeds in a potassium permanganate solution with the mass fraction of 0.1%-0.2% for sterilization after storage; and turning, sunning and disinfecting a sand bed, smoothing the sand bed, completely pouring the sand bed with clear water, then seeding the seeds after sterilization in the sand bed, covering a light-shading layer on the sand bed, and watering or spraying for keeping moisture, wherein the seed germination temperature is 10 DEG C-25 DEG C, and the seeds germinate and grow till seedlings of the gordonia acuminate grow.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to field of plant reproduction, be specifically related to a kind of method of Gordonia Acuminata seed germination and nursery
Background technology:
Gordonia Acuminata Gordonia axillaris (Roxb.ex Ker Gawl.) D.Dietr. is Theaceae Theaceae Genus Gordonmia Gordonia Ellis aiphyllium, is distributed in the ground such as Chinese Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, Hong Kong.High 5 ~ 15 meters.Its strain shape is attractive in appearance, spends pure white greatly and is opened autumn and winter, and fruit is close to be born on branch, and growth is fast, drought-enduring, impoverishment tolerant, is a kind of new excellent Woody flower plant, can be used for garden, park or street planting and afforestation.Meanwhile, Gordonia Acuminata also can be survived in the contaminated region that aluminium ion concentration is high, and aluminium can be absorbed and store, and can provide stronger ecology service for environment.
As a kind of excellent Native Woody Vine flower plant, Gordonia Acuminata was once unanimously recommended by multidigit expert in the practical activity processes such as construction Green China, construction saving landscape, commercially show up prominently, but according to investigations, the seed germination rate instability of this kind even some batch of seed is not sprouted, be difficult to meet the demand in production and market by excavating wild resource, existing urgent need seeks a kind of tame mating system.At present, " the Gordonia Acuminata culture technique specification " of being promulgated by Administration of Quality and Technology Supervision of Guangdong Province, provides a kind of Gordonia Acuminata culture technique, its specifically after picking fruit air-dry striking getting shelling and collect seed, then rub seed wing, impurity elimination, be stored in the shady and cool dry local or Sand culture that ventilates; Sowing is let alone cooling and is sowed in sand loam with 50 DEG C of water seed soakings after 24 hours the previous day; Germination period about one month." the self-sow situation of Gordonia Acuminata and the artificial cultivation technique thereof " one delivered according to Zhuan Jinmou etc. is civilian, and the germination rate of Gordonia Acuminata is up to 43%.And these germinating times are long, the sprouting that germination rate is low and seedling-cultivating method far do not reach the breeding requirement of market to Gordonia Acuminata.
Summary of the invention:
The object of this invention is to provide a kind ofly to draw materials conveniently, technology is simple, be easy to promote, the method for sprout time is short, germination rate is high Gordonia Acuminata seed germination and nursery.
The method of Gordonia Acuminata seed germination of the present invention and nursery, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
A, gather the Gordonia Acuminata fruit that fine fisssure maybe will be split, the medium of this Gordonia Acuminata fruit water content 20 ~ 30% is encased, then black sack is put into, to be placed under 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C environment 4 ~ 7 days to fine fisssure, the fruit of fine fisssure is shelled immediately and gets kind of a reservation seed wing, select the full complete seed with seed wing and wet sand to mix and preserve 25 ~ 30 days in 15 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, wet husky water content is 10% ~ 15% in the early stage, middle and later periods increases to 50%, wet husky process is conducive to the vigor keeping seed, the liquor potassic permanganate having preserved rear mass fraction 0.1% ~ 0.2% soaks Seed sterilization,
B, being tedded by husky bed and to carry out disinfection, smooth husky bed also irrigates clear water, is then sowed in husky bed by the seed after sterilizing, one deck shading net is covered above husky bed, carry out watering or spraying and moisturizing, the Germination Temperature of seed is 10 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, and seed germination also grows until grow up to Gordonia Acuminata seedling.
Gordonia Acuminata seedling can be transplanted in nutritious bag or flowerpot, and as when after seedling long 2 true leaves, now main root is to 10 centimetres, be transplanted to matrix is housed nutritious bag or flowerpot in, matrix is loess: peat soil=1:1 mixes thoroughly.In seed seedling-raising process, suitably use a small amount of fertilizer or leaf mould, be conducive to the growth of plant.Be after seedling tends towards stability at plant strain growth, partially opening shading net increases illumination, is conducive to plant and accepts more sunlight.
Described collection fine fisssure maybe by the Gordonia Acuminata fruit split preferably mid or late October when on discovery Gordonia Acuminata plant 20 ~ 50% fruit ftracture time, then gather the Gordonia Acuminata fruit that fine fisssure maybe will split.
The liquor potassic permanganate of described use 0.1% ~ 0.2% soaks Seed sterilization, and its soak time is preferably 2 hours.
Described medium is preferably paper handkerchief.
Husky bed scarifying preferably makes the sand on 15 centimetres, top layer be in rarefaction and quiet solarization in three days by described tedded by husky bed prior to seeding, described sterilization is preferably sprayed on the husky bed of scarifying with fenaminosulf 75% soluble powder 500 ~ 800 times of liquid, husky complete wet to top layer.
Described smooth husky bed also irrigates clear water, and what be preferable over that husky bed teds carries out on the 4th day; Described seed is sowed at husky bed, preferred drilling, and seed covers husky thick 4 ~ 6 centimetres, and seed is apart from bottom husky bed at least 8 centimetres; Described shading net, preferably on matrix, 1.5 ~ 1.8 meters of cover shading rate is the shading net of 70%; Described watering or spraying, and preferred every morning 9 and at 5 in afternoon carry out at twice.
The Gordonia Acuminata seed demand of new harvesting is ensconced through sand after a while could full maturity on physiology.During husky Tibetan, seed experienced by the physiological acoustic signals of series of complex, and the activity as various enzyme reduces further, and respiration weakens, and makes protoplasm colloid be in solidifying de-state, promotes that seed is resting state, thus makes seed complete afterripening.Treat that it completes After-ripening, could germination and emergence.Seed through Aging storage improves about 20% than the seeding ratio without Aging storage; Seedling-growing time shifts to an earlier date 25 days.The ratio retaining seed wing goes the seeding ratio of seed wing to improve about 10%.Soak seed with liquor potassic permanganate, and spray matrix with fenaminosulf, can play the function of sterilizing, the possibility that the one side Gordonia Acuminata seed reduced owing to thus causing outward can not be sprouted, the bud protecting seed to send on the other hand, is conducive to emerging.Seed is the brood body of plant, and it has certain resting stage usually, how breaking dormancy, can needed for different seed germination.There is certain dormancy in Gordonia Acuminata seed, by conjunction with temperature, illumination and suitable growth substrate, can break its dormancy completely, seeding ratio can reach more than 85%.Moistening husky bed can build loose penetrating suitable habitats to Gordonia Acuminata, is convenient to receive illumination, absorb moisture and nutrient component.
The present invention is on understanding Gordonia Acuminata seed physiology characteristic basis, by Aging storage and breaking dormancy, improve the emergence rate of Gordonia Acuminata seed, solve the seed seedling-raising problem required for artificial cultivation, sprout time shortens half, and germination rate improves about one times, can carry out artificial cultivation breed by sowing, substantially reach the needs commercially produced, meet better and produce and the market demand.
Embodiment:
Following examples further illustrate of the present invention, instead of limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
In mid or late October, when finding that the Gordonia Acuminata fruit of on plant 50% ftractures, gathering fresh mature is that fine fisssure maybe will split the Gordonia Acuminata fruit of shape, the paper handkerchief of this fruit water content 20% is encased and loads in black plastic bag, be placed on 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C indoor 4 ~ 7 days to fine fisssure, the fruit of fine fisssure is shelled immediately and gets kind of a reservation seed wing, select the full seed with complete seed wing, with water-holding capacity about 15% wet husky mix after to be stored in large pallet also plank and to build the indoor being positioned over 15 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C.The last fortnight keeps husky water-holding capacity to be 15% every day; 3rd week starts, increases water-holding capacity gradually; 4th week starts, and water-holding capacity can increase to 50%.30th day with mass fraction 0.2% liquor potassic permanganate soak above-mentioned through with wet husky mixed processing after band wing seed 2 hours, drain stand-by.Within 27th day, by husky bed, (husky bed upper strata is fine sand, should accompany in sand bottom husky bed and put a little haydite, vermiculite, so that permeable prevention waterlogging) ted and make the sand on 15 centimetres, top layer be in rarefaction and quiet solarization, and fenaminosulf 75% soluble powder 800 times of liquid are sprayed on the husky bed of scarifying, husky complete wet to top layer, put 3 days, irrigate clear water in the 30th day smooth husky bed, then several sons of quartering are used, seed bar after sterilization is sowed in husky bed, line space 8 ~ 10 centimetres, dark 4 ~ 6 centimetres seed (namely cover husky thick 4 ~ 6 centimetres), seed is apart from bottom husky bed at least 8 centimetres.Above husky bed, 1.5 meters of cover one deck shading rate is the shading net of 70%, and every morning 9 and at 5 in afternoon carry out watering or spraying and moisturizing respectively; The Germination Temperature of seed is 10 ~ 25 DEG C.Start to break ground after 20 days, after 3 months, emergence rate reaches 85%, and plant strain growth is until grow up to Gordonia Acuminata seedling.Substantially the raw material needs of commercialization plant development are reached.In seed germination and seedling raising process, suitably use a small amount of fertilizer, after plant strain growth is good, partially open shade net, be beneficial to plant and accept more illumination, its growing way can be better.When after seedling long 2 true leaves, now main root is to 10 centimetres, be transplanted to matrix is housed nutritious bag or flowerpot in, matrix is loess: peat soil=1:1 mixes thoroughly.
Embodiment 2:
In mid or late October, when finding that the Gordonia Acuminata fruit of on plant 20% ftractures, gathering fresh mature is that fine fisssure maybe will split the Gordonia Acuminata fruit of shape, the paper handkerchief of this fruit water content 30% is encased and loads in black plastic bag, be placed on 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C indoor 7 days to fine fisssure, shell immediately to get kind to the fruit of fine fisssure and retain a seed wing, select the full seed with complete seed wing, with water-holding capacity about 10% wet husky mix after to be stored in large pallet also plank and to build the indoor being positioned over 15 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C.The last fortnight keeps husky water-holding capacity to be 10% every day; 3rd week starts, increases water-holding capacity gradually; Within 21st day, start can increase to 50% to 25 days water-holding capacity, afterwards with mass fraction 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate soak above-mentioned through with wet husky mixed processing after band wing seed 2 hours, drain stand-by.(husky bed upper strata is fine sand by husky bed to sow first 3 days, should accompany in sand bottom husky bed and put a little haydite, vermiculite, so that permeable prevention waterlogging) ted and make the sand on 15 centimetres, top layer be in rarefaction and quiet solarization, and fenaminosulf 75% soluble powder 500 times of liquid are sprayed on the husky bed of scarifying, husky complete wet to top layer, put 3 days, then smooth husky bed irrigate clear water, use several sons of quartering again, seed bar after sterilization is sowed in husky bed, line space 8 ~ 10 centimetres, dark 4 ~ 6 centimetres seed (namely cover husky thick 4 ~ 6 centimetres), seed is apart from bottom husky bed at least 8 centimetres.Above husky bed, 1.8 meters of cover one deck shading rate is the shading net of 70%, and every morning 9 and at 5 in afternoon carry out watering or spraying and moisturizing respectively; The Germination Temperature of seed is 10 ~ 25 DEG C.Start to break ground after 18 days, after 3 months, emergence rate reaches 85%, and plant strain growth is until grow up to Gordonia Acuminata seedling.Substantially the raw material needs of commercialization plant development are reached.In seed germination and seedling raising process, suitably use a small amount of fertilizer, after plant strain growth is good, partially open shade net, be beneficial to plant and accept more illumination, its growing way can be better.When after seedling long 2 true leaves, now main root is to 10 centimetres, be transplanted to matrix is housed nutritious bag or flowerpot in, matrix is loess: peat soil=1:1 mixes thoroughly.
Embodiment 3:
In mid or late October, when finding that the Gordonia Acuminata fruit of on plant 40% ftractures, gathering fresh mature is that fine fisssure maybe will split the Gordonia Acuminata fruit of shape, the paper handkerchief of this fruit water content 20% is encased and loads in black plastic bag, be placed on 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C indoor 4 days to fine fisssure, shell immediately to get kind to the fruit of fine fisssure and retain a seed wing, select the full seed with complete seed wing, with water-holding capacity about 15% wet husky mix after to be stored in large pallet also plank and to build the indoor being positioned over 15 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C.Storage time is 28 days, and the last fortnight keeps husky water-holding capacity to be 15% every day; 15th day starts, increases water-holding capacity gradually; 21st day started by the 28th day, and water-holding capacity can increase to 50%, afterwards with mass fraction 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate soak above-mentioned through with wet husky mixed processing after band wing seed 2 hours, drain stand-by.(husky bed upper strata is fine sand by husky bed to sow first 3 days, should accompany in sand bottom husky bed and put a little haydite, vermiculite, so that permeable prevention waterlogging) ted and make the sand on 15 centimetres, upper strata be in rarefaction and quiet solarization, and fenaminosulf 75% soluble powder 800 times of liquid are sprayed on the husky bed of scarifying, husky complete wet to top layer, put 3 days, then smooth husky bed irrigate clear water, use several sons of quartering again, seed bar after sterilization is sowed in husky bed, line space 8 ~ 10 centimetres, dark 4 ~ 6 centimetres seed (namely cover husky thick 4 ~ 6 centimetres), seed is apart from bottom husky bed at least 8 centimetres.Above husky bed, 1.8 meters of cover one deck shading rate is the shading net of 70%, and every morning 9 and at 5 in afternoon carry out watering or spraying and moisturizing respectively; The Germination Temperature of seed is 10 ~ 25 DEG C.Start to break ground after 20 days, after 3 months, emergence rate reaches 87%, and plant strain growth is until grow up to Gordonia Acuminata seedling.Substantially the raw material needs of commercialization plant development are reached.In seed germination and seedling raising process, suitably use a small amount of fertilizer, after plant strain growth is good, partially open shade net, be beneficial to plant and accept more illumination, its growing way can be better.When after seedling long 2 true leaves, now main root is to 10 centimetres, be transplanted to matrix is housed nutritious bag or flowerpot in, matrix is loess: peat soil=1:1 mixes thoroughly.
Comparative example 1:
In mid or late October, when finding that the Gordonia Acuminata fruit of on plant 50% ftractures, gathering fresh mature is that fine fisssure maybe will split the Gordonia Acuminata fruit of shape, the paper handkerchief of this fruit water content 20% is encased and loads in black plastic bag, be placed on 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C indoor 4 ~ 7 days to fine fisssure, shell immediately to get to the fruit of fine fisssure and kind remove seed wing, select the full seed removing seed wing, with water-holding capacity about 15% wet husky mix after to be stored in large pallet also plank and to build the indoor being positioned over 15 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C.The last fortnight keeps husky water-holding capacity to be 15% every day; 3rd week starts, increases water-holding capacity gradually; 4th week starts, and water-holding capacity can increase to 50%.30th day with mass fraction 0.2% liquor potassic permanganate soak above-mentioned through with wet husky mixed processing after remove wing seed 2 hours, drain stand-by.Within 27th day, by husky bed, (husky bed upper strata is fine sand, should accompany in sand bottom husky bed and put a little haydite, vermiculite, so that permeable prevention waterlogging) ted and make the sand on 15 centimetres, top layer be in rarefaction and quiet solarization, and fenaminosulf 75% soluble powder 800 times of liquid are sprayed on the husky bed of scarifying, husky complete wet to top layer, put 3 days, irrigate clear water in the 30th day smooth husky bed, then several sons of quartering are used, seed bar after sterilization is sowed in husky bed, line space 8 ~ 10 centimetres, dark 4 ~ 6 centimetres seed (namely cover husky thick 4 ~ 6 centimetres), seed is apart from bottom husky bed at least 8 centimetres.Above husky bed, 1.5 meters of cover one deck shading rate is the shading net of 70%, and every morning 9 and at 5 in afternoon carry out watering or spraying and moisturizing respectively; The Germination Temperature of seed is 10 ~ 25 DEG C.
Start to break ground after 20 days, after 3 months, emergence rate reaches 63%, and plant strain growth is until grow up to Gordonia Acuminata seedling.
Comparative example 2:
In mid or late October, when finding that the Gordonia Acuminata fruit of on plant 50% ftractures, gathering fresh mature is that fine fisssure maybe will split the Gordonia Acuminata fruit of shape, the fruit of fine fisssure is shelled immediately and gets kind of a reservation seed wing, select the full seed with complete seed wing, without Aging storage, directly soak band wing seed 2 hours with mass fraction 0.2% liquor potassic permanganate, drain stand-by.Within 27th day, by husky bed, (husky bed upper strata is fine sand, should accompany in sand bottom husky bed and put a little haydite, vermiculite, so that permeable prevention waterlogging) ted and make the sand on 15 centimetres, top layer be in rarefaction and quiet solarization, and fenaminosulf 75% soluble powder 800 times of liquid are sprayed on the husky bed of scarifying, husky complete wet to top layer, put 3 days, irrigate clear water in the 30th day smooth husky bed, then several sons of quartering are used, seed bar after sterilization is sowed in husky bed, line space 8 ~ 10 centimetres, dark 4 ~ 6 centimetres seed (namely cover husky thick 4 ~ 6 centimetres), seed is apart from bottom husky bed at least 8 centimetres.Above husky bed, 1.5 meters of cover one deck shading rate is the shading net of 70%, and every morning 9 and at 5 in afternoon carry out watering or spraying and moisturizing respectively; The Germination Temperature of seed is 10 ~ 25 DEG C.
Start to break ground after 45 days, after 4 months, emergence rate reaches 64%.
Comparative example 3:
In mid or late October, when finding that the Gordonia Acuminata fruit of on plant 50% ftractures, gathering fresh mature is that fine fisssure maybe will split the Gordonia Acuminata fruit of shape, the paper handkerchief of this fruit water content 20% is encased and loads in black plastic bag, be placed on 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C indoor 4 ~ 7 days to fine fisssure, the fruit of fine fisssure is shelled immediately and gets kind of a reservation seed wing, select the full seed with complete seed wing, with water-holding capacity about 15% wet husky mix after to be stored in large pallet also plank and to build the indoor being positioned over 15 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C.The last fortnight keeps husky water-holding capacity to be 15% every day; 3rd week starts, increases water-holding capacity gradually; 4th week starts, and water-holding capacity can increase to 50%.30th day with mass fraction 0.2% liquor potassic permanganate soak above-mentioned through with wet husky mixed processing after band wing seed 2 hours, drain stand-by.The matrix prepared was loaded pallet in 30th day, then use several sons of quartering, the seed bar after sterilization is sowed in pallet, line space 2 ~ 3 centimetres, dark 3 ~ 4 centimetres.Above pallet, 1.5 meters of cover one deck shading rate is the shading net of 70%, and every morning 9 and at 5 in afternoon carry out watering or spraying and moisturizing respectively; The Germination Temperature of seed is 10 ~ 25 DEG C.Described matrix, its composition and mass ratio are loess: river sand: peat soil=2:1:3 mixes and forms.
Start to break ground after 50 days, after 5 months, emergence rate reaches 13%.
Can be found out by above 3 embodiments and 3 comparative examples: (medium of Gordonia Acuminata fruit water content 20 ~ 30% is encased through Aging storage, then black sack is put into, to be placed under 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C environment 4 ~ 5 days to fine fisssure, shell immediately to get kind to the fruit of fine fisssure and retain a seed wing, select the full complete seed with seed wing and wet sand to mix and preserve 25 ~ 30 days in 15 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C) seed seed (comparative example 2) emergence rate compared without Aging storage improve about 20% and also within 20 days, break ground in advance; The seed retaining seed wing improves about 20% than seed (comparative example 1) emergence rate except seed wing; Husky bed material load is more suitable for seed germination than the matrix be configured to by loess, river sand and peat soil in pallet (comparative example 3), and emergence rate almost improves 70%.
Claims (4)
1. a method for Gordonia Acuminata seed germination and nursery, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
The Gordonia Acuminata fruit that a, collection fine fisssure maybe will be split, the medium of this Gordonia Acuminata fruit water content 20 ~ 30% is encased, then black sack is put into, to be placed under 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C environment 4 ~ 7 days to fine fisssure, the fruit of fine fisssure is shelled immediately and gets kind of a reservation seed wing, select the full complete seed with seed wing and wet sand to mix and preserve 25 ~ 30 days in 15 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, wet husky water content is 10% ~ 15% in the early stage, middle and later periods increases to 50%, and the liquor potassic permanganate having preserved rear mass fraction 0.1% ~ 0.2% soaks Seed sterilization;
B, being tedded by husky bed and to carry out disinfection, smooth husky bed also irrigates clear water, is then sowed in husky bed by the seed after sterilizing, one deck shading net is covered above husky bed, carry out watering or spraying and moisturizing, the Germination Temperature of seed is 10 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, and seed germination also grows until grow up to Gordonia Acuminata seedling;
Described being tedded by husky bed within three days, makes the sand on 15 centimetres, top layer be in rarefaction and quiet solarization husky bed scarifying prior to seeding, and described sterilization is sprayed on the husky bed of scarifying with fenaminosulf 75% soluble powder 500 ~ 800 times of liquid, husky complete wet to top layer;
Described smooth husky bed also irrigates clear water, is carrying out for the 4th day of tedding in husky bed; Described seed is sowed at husky bed, is drilling, and seed covers husky thick 4 ~ 6 centimetres, and seed is apart from bottom husky bed at least 8 centimetres; Described shading net is that 1.5 ~ 1.8 meters of cover shading rate on matrix is the shading net of 70%; Described watering or spraying, and is to carry out at twice in every morning 9 and at 5 in afternoon.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the Gordonia Acuminata fruit split is maybe in mid or late October when finding that the fruit of on Gordonia Acuminata plant 20 ~ 50% ftractures by described collection fine fisssure, then gathers the Gordonia Acuminata fruit that fine fisssure maybe will split.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the liquor potassic permanganate of described use 0.1% ~ 0.2% soaks Seed sterilization, and its soak time is 2 hours.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described medium is paper handkerchief.
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| CN106538367A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-03-29 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Sugarcane axillary bud seedling method for inducing and cultivating |
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| CN101238779A (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2008-08-13 | 贵州省植物园 | Seedling breeding technology for 3 special camellia in Guizhou |
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