CN115349435B - Key cultivation technology for second-crop melon of facility semi-soilless planting reticulate melon - Google Patents
Key cultivation technology for second-crop melon of facility semi-soilless planting reticulate melon Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115349435B CN115349435B CN202210934394.2A CN202210934394A CN115349435B CN 115349435 B CN115349435 B CN 115349435B CN 202210934394 A CN202210934394 A CN 202210934394A CN 115349435 B CN115349435 B CN 115349435B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- melon
- stubble
- crop
- cultivation
- planting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a key cultivation technology for second-crop melon of a facility semi-soilless planting reticulate melon, which comprises the following steps: the cultivation management of plastic film mulching cultivation and single vine pruning is carried out in the modes of hole-tray sowing and seedling raising of the reticulate melon and semi-soilless planting in facilities, wherein the cultivation management can be summarized as spraying, reserving, irrigating, regulating and picking. The second-crop melon of the reticulate melon is planted by adopting the cultivation method, the sitting position of the first-crop melon of the muskmelon is reduced compared with the traditional cultivation, and the first-crop melon can be promoted to be harvested 3-7 days earlier than the traditional cultivation by means of accurate nutrition and management, and the first-crop melon is marketed in advance, so that the economic benefit is improved; the melon sitting of the second-stubble melon can be advanced, so that the growing period of the second-stubble melon avoids the plum rain season, the occurrence of diseases is reduced, and the fruit quality is improved; meanwhile, no additional irrigation is needed during the growth period of the second-stubble melon, and the second-stubble melon can be normally expanded by only utilizing the irrigation nutrition of the first-stubble melon and the growth capacity of the plant, so that the fertilizer is saved, the high yield is achieved, and the overall economic benefit is improved; and the technology has high standardization degree and is easy to copy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of efficient cultivation of crops, in particular to a key cultivation technology for second-crop melon with a facility semi-soilless planting reticulate pattern.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous development of facility production, many problems such as poor physical and chemical properties of soil, increased soil-borne diseases and insect pests, obvious continuous cropping obstacles, reduced yield and quality of vegetables and fruits and the like caused by unreasonable continuous cropping and water and fertilizer management for many years seriously affect the sustainable development of facility agriculture, and the increase of agriculture efficiency and farmers is more difficult.
The muskmelon is used as a main cash crop, the economic benefit of cultivation is good, especially the economic benefit of facility cultivation is considerable, and the cultivation of the muskmelon in many areas becomes an important way for increasing the economic income of farmers.
The reticulate melon has long growth cycle, the single-vine single-fruit pruning mode is generally adopted in the current production, namely, when plants grow to about 15-17 knots, side vines are reserved, main vines grow to about 22 knots, heart picking is carried out, the expansion and maturation of fruits are promoted, 1 melon is reserved per plant, the pruning and fruit reserving mode is adopted, the growth time is short, the fruits are uniform, the commodity is good, the yield is low, the post-growth capacity of the plants is waste, the product value and the economic benefit are low, and especially, the half-soilless planting reticulate melon is still good in plant growth vigor in the post-growth stage, and the leaf color is dark green. Therefore, the pruning and fruit retaining mode has certain defects, and the second-stubble melon is retained, so that the later growth capacity of plants can be effectively utilized, and the overall yield can be improved, but if the second-stubble melon is produced in a conventional mode, namely the second-stubble melon is left after the first-stubble melon is expanded or harvested, the whole growth period is very long, the second-stubble melon is easy to catch up with the plum rain season in the growing period, the plants are susceptible to diseases, the appearance quality and the taste of fruits are easy to be deteriorated, and the commodity value of the second-stubble melon is directly influenced.
Accordingly, the prior art is still in need of improvement and development.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a key cultivation technology for second-crop melon of a facility semi-soilless cultivation reticulate melon, and aims to solve the problems that plants are susceptible and appearance quality and taste of fruits are easy to deteriorate when the second-crop melon is left in the existing reticulate melon cultivation technology.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a key cultivation technique for second-crop melon of a facility semi-soilless planting reticulate melon comprises the following steps:
reticulate pattern melon plug seeding and seedling raising: selecting a variety of the reticulate melon to carry out seed medicament treatment, and sowing to obtain seedlings of the reticulate melon;
and (3) performing plastic film mulching cultivation in a semi-soilless planting mode in the facility: digging a planting ditch after ridging in the facility, and paving an isolation net in the planting ditch; coconut husk treatment is carried out on the planting furrows before the seedling field planting, and then the seedling is subjected to single-row field planting along the planting furrows;
cultivation management of single vine pruning: when the seedlings grow to 6-7 leaves, vine hanging is started, single vine pruning is carried out, and the grown side vine is removed; and (3) selecting side female flowers at 12-15 sections of the plant to spray and leave the melon to obtain a first stubble melon, heading and leaving two side vines at 22-27 sections of the plant, when 20-23 d after the first stubble melon is sprayed, starting to spray the melon by flowering or yellowing of the side female flowers at the top of the plant, leaving one melon as a second stubble melon, simultaneously carrying out irrigation treatment and fertilizer element adjustment, and finally picking the melon.
The key cultivation technology of the second crop melon of the facility semi-soilless planting reticulate melon comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the steps of forming a ridge in a facility, wherein the ridge base is 80cm, the ridge surface is 60cm, the ridge height is 25cm, the ridge spacing is 70cm, ditching is carried out after ridging, the width is 18cm, the ditch depth is 15cm, then the isolation net is paved in the planting ditch, scattered coconut coir is evenly filled in the planting ditch, drip irrigation belts are arranged above the coconut coir along the direction of the planting ditch, and seedlings are subjected to single-row field planting and are alternately distributed on two sides of the drip irrigation belts.
The key cultivation technology of the second crop melon of the facility semi-soilless planting reticulate melon comprises the steps of stirring a coarse coconut husk block and a fine coconut husk block in a soaking tank according to a volume ratio of 3:7 or 1:1 after water absorption and expansion, standing and flushing, and obtaining the second crop melon.
The key cultivation technology of the second crop melon of the facility semi-soilless planting reticulate melon comprises the steps of preparing melon AB fertilizer by using a monomer fertilizer for irrigation after field planting of seedlings, wherein the irrigation EC value is 1.5 and the pH value is 5.5;
after 3 weeks of the seedling field planting, the seedlings are irrigated by using fertilizer liquid with an EC value of 1.8 and a pH value of 5.5.
The key cultivation technology for the second crop of the melon with the facility semi-soilless planting reticulate pattern comprises the following steps:
3 melon spraying tyres are sprayed 1d before the flowers of the side female flowers of the plants 12-15 sections bloom or bloom, and the melon spraying time is within 3-5 d; when two side female flowers remained at the top bloom on the same day or turn yellow, 2 melon seeds are sprayed, and the melon spraying time is within 1-2 days.
The key cultivation technology for the second crop of melon is characterized in that the key cultivation technology for the second crop of melon is used for planting reticulate melon in a facility semi-soilless mode, wherein the melon reserving step comprises the following steps:
5-7 d after spraying melon at 12-15 sections of the plant, leaving one melon as a stubble melon; and when 5-7 d after two side vines are sprayed on the top, one melon is left as a second crop melon.
The key cultivation technology for the second crop of the melon is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the side female flowers at the 12-15 sections of plants bloom, irrigating for 3-5 times each day with an EC value of 2.2-2.3, wherein the single-plant irrigation amount is 125ml each time for 3-4 min, and after the first stubble melon is selected and remained, the EC value gradient of the irrigation is adjusted to 2.8-3.0, and the irrigation is carried out for 5-7 times each day for 3-5 min, wherein the single-plant irrigation amount is 125-170 ml each time until the first stubble melon expansion is finished;
after the first stubble melon is swelled, adjusting the irrigation EC value to 3.2-3.5, and stopping irrigation 7-10 days before harvesting the first stubble melon;
and the second stubble melon is irrigated by adopting a melon expansion irrigation scheme of the first stubble melon within 22d after melon spraying.
The key cultivation technology of the second crop melon of the facility semi-soilless planting reticulate melon comprises the following steps of:
when the seedlings are planted, the element content in the fertilizer comprises: 25-30% of N, 5-10% of P, 25-30% of K, 25-30% of Ca, 3-8% of Mg and 5-10% of S;
during the flowering period of the first stubble melon, the element content in the fertilizer comprises: 15-20% of N, 5-7% of P, 30-35% of K, 30-35% of Ca, 3-5% of Mg and 7-8% of S;
when the first stubble melon is in a melon expansion period, the element content in the fertilizer comprises: 10-15% of N, 5-7% of P, 35-40% of K, 25-30% of Ca, 3-5% of Mg and 10-15% of S;
in the melon expansion period of the second-stubble melon, the fertilizer comprises the following element contents: 15 to 20 percent of N, 5 to 7 percent of P, 30 to 35 percent of K, 30 to 35 percent of Ca, 4 to 5 percent of Mg and 7 to 8 percent of S.
The key cultivation technology for the second crop of the melon with the facility semi-soilless planting reticulate pattern comprises the following steps:
the first stubble melon is harvested at 53-58 d after melon spraying, and the second stubble melon is harvested at 50-52 d after melon spraying.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention provides a key cultivation technology for second-crop melon of a facility semi-soilless planting reticulate melon, which comprises the following steps: the cultivation management of plastic film mulching cultivation and single vine pruning is carried out in the modes of hole-tray sowing and seedling raising of the reticulate melon and semi-soilless planting in facilities, wherein the cultivation management can be summarized into five characters of spraying, reserving, irrigating, regulating and picking. The second-crop melon of the reticulate melon is planted by adopting the cultivation method, the sitting position of the first-crop melon of the muskmelon is reduced compared with the traditional cultivation, and the first-crop melon can be promoted to be harvested 3-7 days earlier than the traditional cultivation by means of accurate nutrition and management, and the first-crop melon is marketed in advance, so that the economic benefit is improved; the melon sitting of the second-stubble melon can be advanced, so that the growing period of the second-stubble melon avoids the plum rain season, the occurrence of diseases is reduced, and the fruit quality is improved; meanwhile, the cultivation method does not need to irrigate additionally during the growth period of the second-crop melon, and only needs to utilize the irrigation nutrition of the first-crop melon and the growth capacity of the plant, so that the second-crop melon can be normally expanded, namely, the first-crop fertilizer is used for producing the second-crop melon, the fertilizer is saved, the high yield is achieved, and the overall economic benefit is improved; and the technology has high standardization degree and is easy to copy and popularize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a key cultivation technique for second-crop melon with a facility semi-soilless planting reticulate pattern.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a key cultivation technology for second-crop melon of a facility semi-soilless planting reticulate melon, which is used for making the purposes, the technical scheme and the effects of the invention clearer and more definite, and is further described in detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description and claims, unless the context specifically defines the terms "a," "an," "the," and "the" include plural referents. If there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in an embodiment of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.
It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The term "and/or" as used herein includes all or any element and all combination of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs unless defined otherwise. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
China is the first China of world melon production and consumption, and the harvest area of the melons in 2016 China is 47.47 kilohms 2 The total yield is 1594.48 tons, which respectively accounts for 38.10 percent and 51.16 percent of the total area and the total yield of the melon in the world, and the average unit yield is 33.59t/hm 2 Higher than the average world level, therefore, the melons in China are the dominant position in the production of melons in the world. The reticulate melon is taken as one of the melons, has high sugar degree and quality, unique taste and flavor, and also has beautiful reticulate cracks, so that the ornamental value of the reticulate melon is enhanced, the commodity value of the reticulate melon is greatly improved, and the reticulate melon is a top-quality product in the muskmelon, so that the planting area is larger and larger.
However, the irrigation is increased again after the second-crop melon is planted in the traditional soil and planted without soil, so that the melon expansion is promoted, namely, the first-crop melon is fertilized, and the fertilizer investment is more; moreover, when the traditional second-stubble melon is planted in a melon-retaining mode, the problems that the first female flowers of the first second-stubble melon are already flowering and are finished when the first-stubble melon is expanded or the first female flowers of the first second-stubble melon are reserved when the second-stubble melon is harvested, and the female flowers are less due to the fact that the remaining side vines are high in temperature exist, and the like exist, and then the melon-retaining time of the second-stubble melon is delayed. In summary, the traditional two-crop melon-retaining method has a number of disadvantages, especially semi-soilless planting.
Therefore, the half soilless cultivation of the reticulate melon promotes high yield by adopting a method of leaving two-stubble melon, but how to leave two-stubble melon makes the plant effectively use the later growth capacity and simultaneously improves the product value of the two-stubble melon becomes key.
Based on the above, as shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a key cultivation technology for second-crop melon of a facility semi-soilless planting reticulate melon, which comprises the following steps:
step S10: reticulate pattern melon plug seeding and seedling raising: selecting a variety of the reticulate melon to carry out seed medicament treatment, and sowing to obtain seedlings of the reticulate melon;
step S20: and (3) performing plastic film mulching cultivation in a semi-soilless planting mode in the facility: digging a planting ditch after ridging in the facility, and paving an isolation net in the planting ditch; coconut husk treatment is carried out on the planting furrows before the seedling field planting, and then the seedling is subjected to single-row field planting along the planting furrows;
step S30: cultivation management of single vine pruning: when the seedlings grow to 6-7 leaves, vine hanging is started, single vine pruning is carried out, and the grown side vine is removed; and (3) selecting side female flowers at 12-15 sections of the plant to spray and leave the melon to obtain a first stubble melon, heading and leaving two side vines at 22-27 sections of the plant, when 20-23 d (days) after the first stubble melon is sprayed, starting to spray the melon by flowering or yellowing of the side female flowers at the top of the plant, leaving one melon as a second stubble melon, simultaneously carrying out irrigation treatment and fertilizer element adjustment, and finally picking the melon.
Soilless culture is a novel planting mode developed for overcoming adverse factors such as soil secondary salinization, soil-borne diseases and insect pests and the like in facility culture, and is widely applied to vegetables in particular. The semi-soilless culture is improved on the basis of soilless culture, namely, a planting ditch is formed after ridging in a facility, an isolating film and a guide plate are not paved in the ditch, the isolating net is directly paved in the planting ditch, then coconut chaff is filled, the seedling is quickly recovered after field planting of the planted plants, and the root system in the middle and later period of growth can extend into soil through the isolating net.
In the embodiment, the semi-soilless planting method is adopted, irrigation liquid and original soil are simultaneously used for providing double nutrition, the whole nutrition is sufficient, the purpose of producing two stubbles by one stubble of nutrition can be achieved, and the semi-soilless planting of the reticulate melon is quick in plant growth. Meanwhile, compared with the traditional planting, the cultivation method has the advantages that the sitting position of the head stubble melon is reduced, and through accurate nutrition and management, the head stubble melon is promoted to be output in advance, and the economic benefit is improved; and the melon sitting of the second-stubble melon is avoided in the growing period of the second-stubble melon, so that the occurrence of diseases is reduced, and the fruit quality is improved; in addition, the cultivation method can also save water and fertilizer and reduce the planting cost.
In this embodiment, the reticulate melon includes Hami melon, which is mainly different from the smooth melon variety, and belongs to the thick melon variety; the requirements of the variety are suitable for facility cultivation, high yield, high quality, strong growth vigor, no premature senility, strong disease resistance and about 55 days after melon spraying.
In some embodiments, in the step S10, a melon variety suitable for facility cultivation, strong growth vigor, no premature senility, strong disease resistance, high yield and high quality is selected, seed medicament treatment is performed to prevent bacterial fruit blotch, and then 50-hole tray substrates are used for seeding and raising seedlings, wherein the adopted substrates are a mixture of turf, vermiculite and perlite; the sowing time is about 1 month and about 1 grain per hole; and managing according to a conventional melon seedling management method after emergence of seedlings.
In some embodiments, in the step S20, the performing the plastic film mulching cultivation in the semi-soilless planting mode in the step facility includes: the method comprises the steps of forming a ridge in a facility, wherein the ridge base is 80cm, the ridge surface is 60cm, the ridge height is 25cm, the ridge spacing is 70cm, ditching is carried out after ridging, the width is 18cm, the ditch depth is 15cm, then the isolation net is paved in the planting ditch, scattered coconut coir is evenly filled in the planting ditch, drip irrigation belts are arranged above the coconut coir along the direction of the planting ditch, and seedlings are subjected to single-row field planting and are alternately distributed on two sides of the drip irrigation belts.
Specifically, planting furrows are formed after ridging in a facility one month in advance, the width of the ridge base is 80cm, the ridge surface is 60cm, the ridge height is 25cm, the ridge spacing is 70cm, the furrow width is 18cm, the furrow depth is 15cm, and isolation nets are directly paved in the furrows; the seedling field planting is carried out the coconut husk and is handled 1 week before, will be to evenly fill into planting ditch and be located on the isolation net by the scattered coconut husk of processing, the tiling height of scattered coconut husk with ground flush can, lay a drip irrigation zone in the middle of the coconut husk surface, pavement department spreads white plastic film in order to improve the geothermal temperature, treat field planting when seedling 2 leaves are 1 heart, plant spacing 4 plants/m, single file field planting just distributes in drip irrigation zone both sides in turn, realizes half soilless planting reticulate pattern melon for the growth of plant is faster in traditional planting.
In some embodiments, the scattered coconut coir is prepared by stirring a coarse coconut coir block and a fine coconut coir block with a coconut coir matrix cleaning agent after water absorption and expansion in a soaking tank according to a volume ratio of 3:7 or 1:1, standing and flushing.
Specifically, placing the coarse coconut husk and the fine coconut husk in a soaking tank according to a volume ratio of 3:7 or 1:1 for soaking in clear water to enable the coarse coconut husk and the fine coconut husk to fully absorb water and expand, then spreading 300 times of coconut husk matrix cleaning agent for stirring, standing for 24 hours after fully mixing, flushing with clear water and discharging excessive water, and finishing cleaning when the EC value (soluble ion concentration) of the water in the coconut husk is close to the EC value of the clear water.
In some embodiments, after the seedlings are planted, a single fertilizer is used for preparing melon AB fertilizer for irrigation, the EC value of irrigation is 1.5, and the pH is 5.5; after 3 weeks of the seedling field planting, the seedlings are irrigated by using fertilizer liquid with an EC value of 1.8 and a pH value of 5.5.
In the present embodiment, the EC value is in mS/cm.
In a preferred embodiment, after the seedlings are planted, an intelligent double-control fertilizer applicator is used for implementing water and fertilizer integrated irrigation, a single fertilizer is used for preparing melon AB fertilizer for irrigation, the EC value of irrigation is 1.5, the pH value is 5.5, and the irrigation amount is large at the moment, so that seedling reviving is promoted; when new leaves grow on the plants, the irrigation amount is properly reduced (smaller than that before the new leaves grow on the plants), so that the root system is promoted to be pricked; after the seedlings are planted for 3 weeks, entering a normal management period, and irrigating by using fertilizer liquid with an EC value of 1.8 and a pH value of 5.5, wherein the irrigation amount is suitable for keeping the surface of the coco coir dry and the middle and lower parts wet; hanging vines when the seedlings grow to 6-7 leaves, timely removing the grown lateral vines, pruning the single vines, starting melon leaving when the plants grow to 12-15 leaves, spraying about 3 melons, and finally leaving 1 melon as a first stubble melon; when the plants grow to about 25 leaves, heading, reserving 2 lateral vines at the top, totally beating the rest lateral vines, spraying 1-2 melon tyres when flowers of the lateral vines at the top bloom or turn yellow, and finally selecting 1 melon as a second crop; and (3) fine adjustment of the fertilizer formula is carried out according to plant growth vigor and nutrient solution detection results in the whole growing period, and the difference between the EC value of irrigation water and the EC value of return liquid is kept within 0.8.
In other words, in the step S30, the cultivation management includes melon spraying, melon reserving, irrigation, fertilizer element adjustment, and melon harvesting.
Specifically, the cultivation management technology can be summarized into five words of spraying, reserving, irrigating, regulating and picking, the purpose of high yield is achieved while fertilizer is saved, the early ripening of the first stubble melon is promoted by spraying melons when the first stubble melon plants are 12-15 leaves, the second stubble melon is reserved when the first stubble melon is 20-23 d after the first stubble melon is sprayed, namely, the second stubble melon is reserved in advance, at the moment, the first stubble melon is irrigated according to a management method of a melon expansion period, the first stubble melon expansion is finished until the second stubble melon is about 20d, the irrigation times are gradually reduced until the first stubble melon is about 10d before harvesting, the second stubble melon is not required to be irrigated additionally, only nutrition and growth capacity of the second stubble melon can be normally expanded when the first stubble melon is irrigated, namely, the first stubble melon is produced by using fertilizer, the purpose of high yield is achieved while fertilizer is saved, and the whole yield and the product value are improved.
In some embodiments, the melon spray comprises the steps of: 3 melon spraying tyres are sprayed 1d before the flowers of the side female flowers of the plants 12-15 sections bloom or bloom, and the melon spraying time is within 3-5 d; when two side female flowers remained at the top bloom on the same day or turn yellow, 2 melon seeds are sprayed, and the melon spraying time is within 1-2 days.
In a specific embodiment, 3 side female flowers at 12-15 sections of plants are sprayed with melon tyres on the day of flowering or 1d before flowering, one side female flower is selected to be used as a first stubble melon, the melon spraying time is controlled within 3-5 d, and the date of melon spraying is marked by hanging a card; when the first stubble melon is sprayed for 20-23 d, the melon size reaches 80% -85% of that of commercial melon, then the melon expansion speed is slowed, at the moment, two side female flowers left at the top bloom or turn yellow, two-stubble melon is left after the melon is sprayed, the melon spraying time is about 2d before or on the day of flowering, the melon can be sprayed as long as the female flowers turn yellow, the melon spraying time is controlled within 1-2 d, 2 melon spraying leaves are selected as the second stubble melon, and 1-2 leaves are left before the melon spraying.
In some embodiments, the melon is coated with 0.1% chlorpyrimide (different dilution factors are used at different temperatures, see the product instructions for use), and color-marked and fungal disease-controlling when happy is added thereto, and repeated melon coating is strictly prohibited.
In some embodiments, the melon retaining comprises the steps of: 5-7 d after spraying melon at 12-15 sections of the plant, leaving one melon as a stubble melon; and when 5-7 d after two side vines are sprayed on the top, one melon is left as a second crop melon. When the first and second cropping melons are selected, when the young melons grow to the size of eggs, selecting one young melon which is normal in development and big in fruit size, and thinning the rest young melons, wherein the operation cannot exceed 10d after the melon spraying at the latest, otherwise, the growth of the first and second cropping melons is affected.
In some embodiments, the irrigation comprises the steps of: when the side female flowers at the 12-15 sections of plants bloom, irrigating for 3-5 times each day with an EC value of 2.2-2.3, wherein the single-plant irrigation amount is 125ml each time for 3-4 min, and after the first stubble melon is selected and remained, the EC value gradient of the irrigation is adjusted to 2.8-3.0, and the irrigation is carried out for 5-7 times each day for 3-5 min, wherein the single-plant irrigation amount is 125-170 ml each time until the first stubble melon expansion is finished; after the first stubble melon is swelled, adjusting the irrigation EC value to 3.2-3.5, and stopping irrigation 7-10 days before harvesting the first stubble melon; and the second stubble melon is irrigated by adopting a melon expansion irrigation scheme of the first stubble melon within 22d after melon spraying.
In a specific embodiment, when the side female flowers at 12-15 knots of the plant bloom (namely, when the first crop bloom), the irrigation EC value is gradually adjusted to about 2.2-2.3, 3-5 times per day, the single plant irrigation amount is 125ml each time, the irrigation is increased after the first crop is selected and left, 5-7 times per day, 3-4 minutes each time, the single plant irrigation amount is 125-170 ml each time, but the irrigation times are increased and decreased for 1-2 times according to the temperature, the surface of the coco coir is kept dry, the middle lower part is wet, and the irrigation EC value is gradually adjusted to about 2.8-3.0 until the first crop bloom is finished (42-45 d after the melon is sprayed); after the first stubble melon is expanded, adjusting the irrigation EC value to 3.2-3.5, gradually reducing the irrigation times, and stopping irrigation 7-10 days before harvesting the first stubble melon; the second stubble melon spraying time is 20-23 d after the first stubble melon spraying until the second stubble melon is finished, namely 22d after the second stubble melon spraying, the second stubble melon spraying is still irrigated by adopting a melon-expanding irrigation scheme (the EC value gradient is adjusted to 2.8-3.0, the second stubble melon is irrigated for 5-7 times each day, the single plant irrigation amount is 125-170 ml each time), so that the second stubble melon can fully utilize the irrigation nutrition of the first stubble melon to expand, after the irrigation is stopped, the second stubble melon can still utilize the residual nutrition in the soil and the growth capacity of the second stubble melon in the later stage of the plant to continue expanding without additional irrigation, but if the plant is wilted, the first stubble melon can be irrigated for 1-2 times, namely the second stubble melon can be grown by one-time irrigation, the second stubble melon can be realized, the fertilizer is saved, the whole economic benefit is improved.
In some embodiments, the fertilizer formulation is adjusted during the whole planting process, mainly adjusting the content of the macro-element N, P, K, ca, mg, S; the fertilizer element adjustment includes:
when the seedlings are planted, the element content in the fertilizer comprises: 25-30% of N, 5-10% of P, 25-30% of K, 25-30% of Ca, 3-8% of Mg and 5-10% of S;
during the flowering period of the first stubble melon, the element content in the fertilizer comprises: 15-20% of N, 5-7% of P, 30-35% of K, 30-35% of Ca, 3-5% of Mg and 7-8% of S;
when the first stubble melon is in a melon expansion period, the element content in the fertilizer comprises: 10-15% of N, 5-7% of P, 35-40% of K, 25-30% of Ca, 3-5% of Mg and 10-15% of S;
in the melon expansion period of the second-stubble melon, the fertilizer comprises the following element contents: 15 to 20 percent of N, 5 to 7 percent of P, 30 to 35 percent of K, 30 to 35 percent of Ca, 4 to 5 percent of Mg and 7 to 8 percent of S.
In some embodiments, the first stubble melon is harvested 53-58 d after melon spraying, and 2-3 batches of melon are required to be harvested according to melon spraying time; the second-stubble melon is concentrated in melon spraying time and high in temperature during growth, and the second-stubble melon is harvested at 50-52 d after melon spraying.
In some embodiments, the irrigation amount and the irrigation EC value are adjusted according to the growth condition of the first-crop melon, and the second-crop melon does not need to be adjusted.
The following examples are further illustrative of the invention. It is also to be understood that the following examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations upon the scope of the invention, since numerous insubstantial modifications and variations will now occur to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing disclosure.
Example 1
The field test is carried out on a production base of a green harbor agricultural park No. 1 in the port of a destination urban area of Suzhou, jiangsu province, the test variety is MH19022, and the field test is planted in a sunlight greenhouse for 2 months and 14 days.
The test sets 2 comparison tests, and a conventional reticulate melon cultivation test is adopted.
3 repetitions, cell area 40m 2 105 plants were planted in each cell, and the environment was the same except for the management method.
In the test plot of the key cultivation technology of the second crop melon of the facility semi-soilless planting reticulate melon, vine hanging is started when seedlings grow to 6-7 leaves, single-rod pruning is carried out, the grown side vine is removed in time, melon remaining is started when the plants grow to 12-15 leaves, 0.1% chlorpyrifos 200 times liquid is used for uniformly spraying melon embryo on the day of flowering or the day before flowering, 500 times of color mark is added in the test plot, 1-2 leaves are reserved on the rear side vine of the melon spraying, and 3 melon spraying plants are obtained. When the fruits are expanded to the egg size, selecting one best developed young melon, and thinning all other young melons. When the plants grow to about 25 leaves, 2 lateral vines are left at the top and are headed, and the rest lateral vines are all headed off.
And (3) spraying two-stubble melons in a concentrated manner for 18 days to 4 months and 19 days in 4 months, wherein the spraying time is the day of flowering or 2-3 days before flowering, female flowers yellow, 2 leaves are left before the melons, the cores are picked, and the melons are collected in a concentrated manner for 6 months and 8 days.
In a test plot of conventional reticulate melon cultivation, hanging vines when seedlings grow to 6-7 leaves, timely removing the grown lateral vines, starting melon remaining when plants grow to 15-17 leaves, keeping the melon at 1d before flowering or on the day of flowering, picking the core of 1 leaf before melon, and selecting one best-developed melon when fruits expand to the egg size, wherein all other melons are thinned. The method of heading and removing all other side branches when the plants grow to 22 leaves, irrigation, plant protection and the like is the same as the embodiment.
Test results
According to the experimental results of the embodiment, compared with the conventional cultivation method of the melon without the second crop of the reticulate pattern, the key cultivation technology of the second crop of the melon without the second crop of the reticulate pattern is provided, although the first crop of the melon grows due to low melon-retaining position and the second crop of the melon, the average single melon is slightly lower, the yield of the second crop of the melon is obviously increased, the total yield is obviously increased, the harvesting period of the first crop of the melon is 3 days in advance, and the water and fertilizer input is not increased; the second stubble melon is remained without influencing the content of the soluble solid in the center of the first stubble melon, the whole content is more than 17%, and the second stubble melon has excellent taste, so that the overall economic benefit is obviously increased.
In summary, the invention provides a key cultivation technology for second-crop melon of facility semi-soilless cultivation reticulate melon, which comprises the following steps: and (3) performing plastic film mulching cultivation and single-vine pruning cultivation management in a pit-disk sowing seedling raising mode of the reticulate melon and a semi-soilless planting mode in the facility. The second-crop melon of the reticulate melon is planted by adopting the cultivation method, the sitting position of the first-crop melon of the muskmelon is reduced compared with the traditional cultivation, and the first-crop melon can be promoted to be harvested 3-7 days earlier than the traditional cultivation by means of accurate nutrition and management, and the first-crop melon is marketed in advance, so that the economic benefit is improved; the melon sitting of the second-stubble melon can be advanced, so that the growing period of the second-stubble melon avoids the plum rain season, the occurrence of diseases is reduced, and the fruit quality is improved; meanwhile, the cultivation method does not need to irrigate additionally during the growth period of the second-crop melon, and only needs to utilize the irrigation nutrition of the first-crop melon and the growth capacity of the plant, so that the second-crop melon can be normally expanded, namely, the first-crop fertilizer is used for producing the second-crop melon, the fertilizer is saved, the high yield is achieved, and the overall economic benefit is improved; and the technology has high standardization degree and is easy to copy and popularize.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the examples described above, but is capable of modification and variation in light of the above teachings by those skilled in the art, and that all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The key cultivation technology for the second crop of the melon with the facility semi-soilless planting reticulate pattern is characterized by comprising the following steps:
reticulate pattern melon plug seeding and seedling raising: selecting a variety of the reticulate melon to carry out seed medicament treatment, and sowing to obtain seedlings of the reticulate melon;
and (3) performing plastic film mulching cultivation in a semi-soilless planting mode in the facility: digging a planting ditch after ridging in the facility, and paving an isolation net in the planting ditch; coconut husk treatment is carried out on the planting furrows before the seedling field planting, and then the seedling is subjected to single-row field planting along the planting furrows;
cultivation management of single vine pruning: when the seedlings grow to 6-7 leaves, vine hanging is started, single vine pruning is carried out, and the grown side vine is removed; selecting side female flowers at 12-15 sections of a plant, spraying and reserving the side female flowers to obtain a first stubble melon, heading and reserving two side vines at 22-27 sections of the plant, when 20-23 d of the first stubble melon is sprayed, starting to spray the melon by flowering or yellowing of the side female flowers at the top of the plant, reserving one of the side female flowers as a second stubble melon, simultaneously carrying out irrigation treatment and fertilizer element adjustment, and finally picking the melon;
the irrigation treatment comprises the steps of:
when the side female flowers at the 12-15 sections of the plants bloom, irrigating for 3-5 times a day with an EC value of 2.2-2.3, wherein the single-plant irrigation amount is 125ml each time for 3-4 min, and after the first stubble melon is selected and remained, adjusting the gradient of the EC value of the irrigation to 2.8-3.0, and irrigating for 5-7 times a day for 3-5 min each time, wherein the single-plant irrigation amount is 125-170 ml each time until the first stubble melon expansion is finished;
after the first stubble melon is swelled, adjusting the irrigation EC value to 3.2-3.5, and stopping irrigation 7-10 days before harvesting the first stubble melon;
the second stubble melon is irrigated by adopting a melon expansion irrigation scheme of the first stubble melon within 22d after melon spraying;
the fertilizer element adjustment includes:
when the seedlings are planted, the element content in the fertilizer comprises: 25-30% of N, 5-10% of P, 25-30% of K, 25-30% of Ca, 3-8% of Mg and 5-10% of S;
during the flowering period of the first stubble melon, the element content in the fertilizer comprises: 15-20% of N, 5-7% of P, 30-35% of K, 30-35% of Ca, 3-5% of Mg and 7-8% of S;
when the first stubble melon is in a melon expansion period, the element content in the fertilizer comprises: 10-15% of N, 5-7% of P, 35-40% of K, 25-30% of Ca, 3-5% of Mg and 10-15% of S;
in the melon expansion period of the second-stubble melon, the fertilizer comprises the following element contents: 15 to 20 percent of N, 5 to 7 percent of P, 30 to 35 percent of K, 30 to 35 percent of Ca, 4 to 5 percent of Mg and 7 to 8 percent of S.
2. The key cultivation technology for second-crop melon of facility semi-soilless planting reticulate melon according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing the plastic film mulching cultivation in the semi-soilless planting mode in the facility comprises:
the method comprises the steps of forming a ridge in a facility, wherein the ridge base is 80cm in width, the ridge surface is 60cm, the ridge height is 25cm, the ridge spacing is 70cm, planting trenches with the trench width of 18cm and the trench depth of 15cm are formed after ridging, then paving the isolation net in the planting trenches, uniformly filling scattered coconut coir into the planting trenches, arranging drip irrigation belts above the coconut coir along the planting trenches, and then carrying out single-row field planting on seedlings and alternately distributing the seedlings on two sides of the drip irrigation belts.
3. The key cultivation technology of second-crop melon with facility semi-soilless planting reticulate pattern according to claim 2, wherein the scattered coconut coir is prepared by stirring coarse coconut coir blocks and fine coconut coir blocks in a soaking tank after water absorption and expansion according to a volume ratio of 3:7 or 1:1, standing and flushing with a coconut coir matrix cleaning agent.
4. The key cultivation technology of second-crop melon with facility semi-soilless cultivation reticulate pattern according to claim 1, wherein after the seedlings are planted, a single fertilizer is used for preparing melon AB fertilizer for irrigation, the irrigation EC value is 1.5, and the pH value is 5.5;
after 3 weeks of the seedling field planting, the seedlings are irrigated by using fertilizer liquid with an EC value of 1.8 and a pH value of 5.5.
5. The key cultivation technique for second-crop melon of facility semi-soilless cultivation reticulate melon according to claim 1, wherein the melon spraying comprises the steps of:
3 melon spraying tires are sprayed 1d before the flowers of the side female flowers of the plants at 12-15 sections are opened or flowers, and the melon spraying time is within 3-5 d; when two side female flowers remained at the top flower on the same day or turn yellow, 2 melon seeds are sprayed, and the melon spraying time is within 1-2 days.
6. The key cultivation technique for second-crop melon of facility semi-soilless cultivation reticulate melon according to claim 1, wherein the melon reserving step comprises the steps of:
5-7 d after spraying melon at 12-15 sections of the plant, leaving one melon as a stubble melon; and when two side vines remained at the top are sprayed for 5-7 d, one melon is remained as a second crop melon.
7. The key cultivation technique for second-crop melon of facility semi-soilless cultivation reticulate melon according to claim 1, wherein said melon harvesting comprises the steps of:
and harvesting the first stubble melon 53-58 d after melon spraying, and harvesting the second stubble melon 50-52 d after melon spraying.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210934394.2A CN115349435B (en) | 2022-08-04 | 2022-08-04 | Key cultivation technology for second-crop melon of facility semi-soilless planting reticulate melon |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210934394.2A CN115349435B (en) | 2022-08-04 | 2022-08-04 | Key cultivation technology for second-crop melon of facility semi-soilless planting reticulate melon |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115349435A CN115349435A (en) | 2022-11-18 |
| CN115349435B true CN115349435B (en) | 2023-06-30 |
Family
ID=84001055
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210934394.2A Active CN115349435B (en) | 2022-08-04 | 2022-08-04 | Key cultivation technology for second-crop melon of facility semi-soilless planting reticulate melon |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115349435B (en) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104012292A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-09-03 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Method for cultivating three crops of thick-peel cucumis melons in one year in greenhouse |
| WO2014156939A1 (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2014-10-02 | 国立大学法人東京農工大学 | Plant cultivation method |
| CN104186149A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-12-10 | 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Muskmelon lateralbine regeneration continuous fruit setting method |
| JP2016146786A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2016-08-18 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Cultivation method and chemical fertilizer |
| CN110214648A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-09-10 | 山东三木现代种业有限公司 | It is a kind of to extend Melon growth period and stay melon pruning method |
| CN113906965A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-11 | 南通市海门区农业科学研究所 | Melon multi-cropping cultivation technology for increasing utilization rate of planting greenhouse |
| CN114303918A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-04-12 | 北京市农业技术推广站 | Spring-stubble multi-span greenhouse netted melon cultivation method |
| CN114698514A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-07-05 | 山东省农业科学院 | Cultivation method suitable for thin-skin muskmelon with vine climbing first and vine hanging later |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20130097727A1 (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2013-04-18 | Laboratoire ASL | Melon variety nun 96141 me |
-
2022
- 2022-08-04 CN CN202210934394.2A patent/CN115349435B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014156939A1 (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2014-10-02 | 国立大学法人東京農工大学 | Plant cultivation method |
| CN104012292A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-09-03 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Method for cultivating three crops of thick-peel cucumis melons in one year in greenhouse |
| CN104186149A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-12-10 | 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Muskmelon lateralbine regeneration continuous fruit setting method |
| JP2016146786A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2016-08-18 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Cultivation method and chemical fertilizer |
| CN110214648A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-09-10 | 山东三木现代种业有限公司 | It is a kind of to extend Melon growth period and stay melon pruning method |
| CN113906965A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-11 | 南通市海门区农业科学研究所 | Melon multi-cropping cultivation technology for increasing utilization rate of planting greenhouse |
| CN114303918A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-04-12 | 北京市农业技术推广站 | Spring-stubble multi-span greenhouse netted melon cultivation method |
| CN114698514A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-07-05 | 山东省农业科学院 | Cultivation method suitable for thin-skin muskmelon with vine climbing first and vine hanging later |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 宁夏日光温室厚皮甜瓜一作三收有机生态型无土栽培技术;郭庆茹;王星红;李学斌;任天喜;温红霞;;陕西农业科学(01);全文 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115349435A (en) | 2022-11-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105028110B (en) | A kind of large cherry control root downgrades dense planting cultural method high | |
| CN110150014B (en) | Industrialized planting method of Or | |
| CN102742442A (en) | Wild pinellia ternate cultivation method | |
| CN102067773A (en) | Yam planting method | |
| CN109349038A (en) | Paddy field with ponded water in winter area free-plowing and directly-seeding accumulation ratooning rice implantation methods | |
| CN102960138A (en) | Cultivation method of cress | |
| CN106613227A (en) | Crop rotation planting method for forage crops and grain crops | |
| CN106508586B (en) | A kind of cultivation technique of young age large cherry interplanting Opius dimidiatus Ashmead | |
| CN107646358A (en) | A kind of cultural method of sugarcane interplanting corn | |
| CN105052518A (en) | Corydalis tomentella artificial cultivation method | |
| CN104255223B (en) | A kind of Chinese celery, early-maturing Maodou rotation cropping method | |
| CN117598163A (en) | Breeding method for plant Cui Gencui post-bud transplanting | |
| CN106034681A (en) | Abelmoschus manihot planting technique | |
| CN107821050A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of sweet potato leaves | |
| CN109328894B (en) | Space layout and cultivation method of forage grass for sheep | |
| CN111406568A (en) | Cultivation method of vegetable mulberry | |
| CN105724166A (en) | Greenhouse grape single-mother-vine fruiting successive-year double-cropping cultivation method | |
| CN116158316A (en) | High-yield method for overwintering cultivation of facility peppers | |
| CN115349435B (en) | Key cultivation technology for second-crop melon of facility semi-soilless planting reticulate melon | |
| CN115211344A (en) | Method for improving economic benefit by peony intercropping technology | |
| CN112470830B (en) | Seed propagation technology of rhizoma atractylodis in asteraceae | |
| CN111133945B (en) | High-benefit intercropping cultivation method for apricot trees in sandy soil barren land | |
| CN104920009B (en) | A kind of cultural method for improving wild cabbage hybrid seed yield | |
| CN114258758A (en) | Method for cultivating root-segment seedlings of salvia miltiorrhiza and method for propagating salvia miltiorrhiza | |
| CN113243270A (en) | Ultrahigh-yield cultivation method for potatoes |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |