CN104920009B - A kind of cultural method for improving wild cabbage hybrid seed yield - Google Patents

A kind of cultural method for improving wild cabbage hybrid seed yield Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104920009B
CN104920009B CN201510258083.9A CN201510258083A CN104920009B CN 104920009 B CN104920009 B CN 104920009B CN 201510258083 A CN201510258083 A CN 201510258083A CN 104920009 B CN104920009 B CN 104920009B
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parent
ridge
plant height
wild cabbage
seedling
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CN104920009A (en
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陈智超
潘叶飞
冯丽莉
毛潭睿
王伟
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Zhenjiang Xin Yuanda Gardening Science And Technology Ltd
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Zhenjiang Xin Yuanda Gardening Science And Technology Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

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  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of cultural method for improving wild cabbage hybrid seed yield, according to the difference in plant height characteristic of two kinds of parents of wild cabbage, rational deployment is carried out to seed farm, according to two one group of ridges, the mode East and West direction bigger than two ridges interval is spaced between two groups and does ridge, and plant the short parent of plant height on the ridge in the south on every group of ridge, the high parent of plant height is planted on the north ridge on every group of ridge, thereby guarantee that the daylighting of the short parent of plant height is not blocked, enter full-bloom stage simultaneously, the short parent of plant height in the south does not interfere with the honeybee parent high to north plant height, honey bees pollination efficiency is improved, wild cabbage hybrid seed yield is greatly improved.

Description

A kind of cultural method for improving wild cabbage hybrid seed yield
Technical field
The present invention relates to wild cabbage seeding technique field, more particularly to a kind of cultural method for improving wild cabbage hybrid seed yield.
Background technology
Wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) is the annual or biennial herbaceous plant of Cruciferae Btassica, by In its adaptability and strong stress resistance, stable yields, and storage tolerance, as one of our important vegetables.Improve the wild cabbage production of hybrid seeds yield with One of the problem of quality also turns into art personnel's urgent need to resolve.
The behave that prior art improves the yield and quality of the wild cabbage production of hybrid seeds mainly includes:Parents' flowering regulation, good water Foliar spray applies phosphorus, potassium, boron, zinc fertilizer etc. outside fertile condition, the standardized administration in field, florescence honeybee supple-mentary pollination and florescence root.Parents Flowering regulation is mainly the florescence of change florescence different Parent, overlaps both, such as CN201110334125.4 regulations The method that cabbage seed production florescence meets, makes Parent advance flowering period meet, it is ensured that hybrid seed yield;The standardized administration master in field To attach most importance to prevent controlling disease pest, strengthening rich water quality management, the soil of such as CN201210123281.0 booth vegetables soil-borne disease disappears Malicious method, not only prevents and treats that soil-borne disease effect is notable, lasting effect is good, and can increase soil organic matter content, promotes crop life It is long, dramatically increase yield, CN201110362995.2 be directed to it is occurring in cabbage produces no matter soil feeder capability and The phenomenon that do not apply fertilizers scientifically of cabbage regulation of fertilizer requirement year and normal single nitrogen fertilizer application, according to the principle of balance fertilizing " law of cask ", According to the data of soil testing assay, a kind of special cabbage blending dedicated fertilizer formula, improve wild cabbage hybrid seed yield;Florescence honey Honeybee supple-mentary pollination is mainly the effect by honey bees pollination, improves pollination machine meeting, and such as CN201310113456.4 improves the florescence Honeybee supple-mentary pollination, the selection that making the underdeveloped cabbage of nectary turns into honeybee tends to
However, above-mentioned prior art have ignored the shadow of the inconsistent yield to the production of hybrid seeds of Parent Seedling Height of cultivation Ring, ignore difference in plant height when the wild cabbage production of hybrid seeds is colonized, be colonized in the way of one ridge of male parent, maternal one or more ridge.So And exceeding 30cm parent for difference in plant height, the utilization rate to light will be variant, comes the parent of the south and can be in the way north The sunlight of the parent in face, pollination for the parent on north and growing is impacted, so as to have impact on hybrid seed yield.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to which a kind of cultural method for improving wild cabbage hybrid seed yield, Parent Seedling Height can be reduced as far as possible poor The different adverse effect brought.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of cultural method for improving wild cabbage hybrid seed yield, difference in plant height pair can be avoided Illumination and the adverse effect of honeybee pollination.
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides a kind of cultural method for improving wild cabbage hybrid seed yield, including:
Site preparation does ridge:Ridge is done using East and West direction, two ridges are one group, row spacing 30cm~40cm, adjacent two ridges interval 20cm~60cm, adjacent two groups of ridges interval 1m~1.5m;
Transplant seedlings field planting:Two kinds of Parent Seedlings with 4~6 leaves for cultivating in advance are transplanted to be colonized to alley, and strain The Parent Seedling of height is colonized on the ridge of the south one on every group of ridge, north one of the high Parent Seedling field planting of plant height on every group of ridge On bar ridge.
Further, row spacing 30cm, adjacent two ridges interval 40cm, adjacent two groups of ridges interval 1m.
Further, row spacing 30cm, adjacent two ridges interval 60cm, adjacent two groups of ridges interval 1m.
Further, when site preparation does ridge, first plough, spread fertilizer over the fields N P and K ternary base manure, then revolve ground, ridging, spread drip irrigation zone, Covering film.
Further, the spacing in the rows on every ridge transplanted seedlings when being colonized is 30cm~40cm.
Further, the step of two kinds of Parent Seedlings are cultivated in advance includes:
Sowing:Hole tray is chosen, matrix is put into, per one seed of bunch planting, pours permeable;
Nursery:The moisture of hole tray is kept using moist but crowded not water outlet as standard, while when running into 35 degree of high temperature above Sunshade is carried out to hole tray;
Reseed:Observe seed germination, to sowing 3 days after ablastous hole tray reseed.
Further, field planting of transplanting seedlings irrigates water in first 2~7 days to alley, and root water is poured after field planting of transplanting seedlings.
Further, the cultural method also includes rich water quality management:Field planting pours a seedling recovering water after entering seedling-slowing stage;In life The reproductive growth phase, according to growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way, keep wet between doing between ground, and carry out nitrogenous fertilizer imposing;In BOITING STAGE and florescence, improve and irrigate Frequency imposes nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer to keep ground moisture sufficient with irrigation;Reduce and irrigate and fertilizer application frequency in fruiting period.
Further, the cultural method also includes cutting bulb reason:In the heading stage of reproductive stage, to two kinds of parents' Cut the ball time to stagger, to blooming, late parent first carries out cutting ball, to blooming, ball is cut in progress after early parent, to adjust two kinds of parents Flower synchronization.
Further, the cultural method also includes blooming period management:To blooming, early parent controls it to grow before it is bloomed Gesture prunes to adjust the flower synchronization of two kinds of parents when it is bloomed to it;And, it is every mu after two kinds enter the florescence Place to the production of hybrid seeds 1~2 hive bee.
Compared with prior art, the cultural method for the raising wild cabbage hybrid seed yield that the present invention is provided, according to two kinds of parents of wild cabbage This difference in plant height characteristic, rational deployment is carried out to seed farm, according to interval ratio two ridges interval between two one group, two groups of ridges Big mode East and West direction does ridge, and the short parent of plant height is planted on the ridge in the south on every group of ridge, and the high parent of plant height is planted on every group of ridge North ridge, thereby guarantee that the daylighting of the short parent of plant height is not blocked, while into full-bloom stage, the short parent of plant height in the south The honeybee parent high to north plant height is not interfered with, honey bees pollination efficiency is improved, and wild cabbage hybrid seed yield is greatly improved.
Embodiment
To become apparent the purpose of the present invention, feature, it is further described with reference to specific embodiment, so And, the present invention can be realized with different forms, should not be to be confined to described embodiment.
The present embodiment is by taking a kind of production of hybrid seeds of the head cabbage varieties of annual large area breeding as an example, when his father's female parent strain strong sprout is colonized Difference in plant height about in 35cm or so, during conventional wild cabbage production of hybrid seeds field planting no matter difference in plant height, be all that East and West direction does ridge, and male parent One ridge, a maternal ridge, midfeather 60CM, because difference in plant height is more than 30CM, north can be blocked by coming the parent of the south Parent receive sunlight, reduce its photosynthesis, further influence it to grow, increase difference in plant height, have a strong impact on north Parent pollination, it is relatively low to ultimately result in yield, about 30KG.The main object of the present invention is to mitigate wild cabbage male parent and female parent strain High Defferential proposes a kind of cultivation by rationally arranging and being colonized the raising wild cabbage hybrid seed yield of layout to the adverse effect of yield Method, it is specific as follows:
First, seeding and seedling raising:
1st, sow:Under open-air atmosphere, ready two wild cabbage parents are respectively broadcast into 2 hole trays, often the cave of disk 128, in hole tray Matrix has been put into, per 1 seed of bunch planting, has poured permeable.
2nd, nursery:Hole tray is put into intelligent greenhouse to set, carries out noting the moisture for keeping hole tray in nursery, seedling raising process, Using moist but crowded not water outlet as standard, such as water content 55% be that cave basin covers modeling according to actual conditions before after planting emerging Expect film or other things that shelter from heat or light, prevent rain drop erosion and burning sun exposure.When 80% seedling is unearthed, the thing that shelters from heat or light is removed sooner or later;Emerge 7 After it, the thing that shelters from heat or light is removed completely;When meeting with special weather, to strengthen seedbed and covering management, prevent from dodging seedling, sick seedling.
3rd, reseed:Note observe seed germination, if having sowing 3 days after ablastous hole tray reseed in time.
4th, seedling separation:When seedling length to 21 heart of leaf (about broadcast after 10 days or so), 1 seedling separation can be carried out, can at dusk or Cloudy seedling separation is conducive to surviving.
5th, insect prevention:Wild cabbage strong sprout strong stress resistance, but insect prevention, anti-grass work must be carried out simultaneously, in order to avoid embezzled by worm, grass Seedling, primary pest has aphid, diamondback moth, cabbage caterpillar, can be used alternatingly with ten thousand spirits and 1.8% AVM, because the time in seedling stage is short, Depending on insect situation, general medication 2 times.
6th, strong sprout:One time of nutrition liquid was added in the basin of cave every 2~3 days, promotes growth of seedling, until being grown to serve as carrying The strong sprout of 4~6 leaves, now inconsistent with regard to that can find out two kinds of parent's height, the difference in plant height of the present embodiment is in 35cm or so.
2nd, site preparation and fertilization:It can be carried out during seeding and seedling raising, can also carry out, should typically select before seeding and seedling raising It is leeward on the sunny side, physical features is flat, the row of filling is convenient, fertility is relatively strong, the neutral sandy loam soil of isolation condition well is as seed farm naturally, The soil can be the beans that preceding stubble is non-Cruciferae or melon..Seed farm must be from different head cabbage varieties, kohlrabi, flower Cabbage or cabbage type rape field isolation more than 2000m.Ploughed for the ground chosen, apply base manure, every mu of ground organic fertilizer Fertile 2000kg, N P and K NPK 60kg, then revolve ground, ridging, paving drip irrigation zone, covering film;When ridge is done in arable land, for strain High different Parent, does ridge, two one group of ridges, the width on ridge is to be spaced 60cm, two between 30cm, two ridges using East and West direction Group is spaced 1m between ridge.
3rd, transplant seedlings field planting:Water is first irrigated within 2~7 days before field planting to alley, be colonized, be colonized in the morning of selection fine day When 5cm~10cm deep kind plant hole or ditch are opened on ridge, by 30cm~40cm gauge length, the strong of 4~6 leaves will be grown to Seedling carries out field planting of transplanting seedlings, and the short Parent Seedling of plant height is colonized on the ridge of the south one on every group of ridge, the high Parent Seedling of plant height Field planting forms a high parent of ridge plant height, the arrangement mode of a low parent of ridge plant height, after field planting on one, the north ridge on every group of ridge The real strong sprout surrounding soil of training, transplants unsuitable too deep or excessively shallow, makes base portion just flat with earth's surface, pour after field planting and in time and determine root Water determines root.This field planting layout, short parent is not influenceing the daylighting of parent high below above, while between two groups of parents Every 1m distances, it is ensured that the daylighting on next ridge is unaffected, the honeybee parent different to plant height when nor affecting on full-bloom stage Flower is visited, i.e. the visit flower of the honeybee parent different to plant height will not be variant.In other embodiments, row spacing 30cm~40cm, phase Adjacent two ridges interval 20cm~60cm, adjacent two groups of ridges interval 1m~1.5m.
4th, field management, mainly rich water quality management, while determining whether growth period needs to prevent disease pest according to head cabbage varieties Evil, type of for example surviving the winter wild cabbage field planting it is latter as in the middle ten days and the last ten days in November, without preventing disease and pest, and for spring and summer be colonized wild cabbage Seed farm, insect pest is more, mainly there is aphid, cabbage caterpillar etc., and disease mainly has sclerotiniose, soft rot, black rot etc.;Prevent and treat disease pest During evil it is noted that the agricultural chemicals applied must not to injure natural enemy biological, such as can apply the anti-insect pest such as eliminate aphis of 1.8% AVM, Sclerotiniose is prevented and treated using 50% dimethachlon, downy mildew etc. is prevented and treated using 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn, cultural control and thing can be also used The method of reason preventing and treating is prevented and treated., can in plant rosette state, heading stage and rich water quality management is for example, pour a seedling recovering water after slow seedling According to soil fertility and growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way, every mu of ground imposes the ㎏ of urea 10~20 with water, wet between being done afterwards between holding ground;In bolting Hereafter phase, full-bloom stage, can supply water sufficient, retentively by every mu nitrogen, phosphorus, the ㎏ of potassium NPK 15~30 is imposed with water Face is moistened;Liquid manure number of times is reduced after fruiting period.
5th, bulb reason is cut:Measure is grown by the fertilizers regulation in rich water quality management stage, originally the maternal heading stage is delayed, The male parent heading stage is shifted to an earlier date, so that two kinds of parent's heading stages are close.Due to the characteristic of wild cabbage, bolting, which is bloomed, to be needed inside leaf-head The leaf-head of stem bursting wild cabbage can just release Growth and anthesis, but this process generally requires longer time.Artificial seed When to shorten the time, it is necessary to wild cabbage carry out cut ball processing.Can stagger two kinds of parents in the present embodiment cuts the ball time, Late parent of blooming first carries out cutting ball, carries out cutting ball after early parent of blooming, to adjust the flower synchronization of two kinds of parents.No matter which Kind of parent cuts ball, is all to wait wild cabbage to start after balling to be started to cut ball with instrument (such as knife), on the 60%-70% of cabbage head Part is prescinded, and leaves 30%-40% bottom, so inside Stem nematode and bud differentiation obstruction just without leaf-head, cut Wild cabbage after ball can be advanced to few two weeks bolting compared to the wild cabbage that nature blastomere bolting is bloomed and bloom, and also when cutting ball The old leaf ball and rotten blade that bolting is bloomed all are cleaned up in the lump, so that wild cabbage is fallen ill, rotten probability subtracts significantly It is small.
6th, blooming period management:If two kinds of parent's florescences of Parent uncomfortable situation can be found early, suitable control can be passed through The growth of busy trend parent carrys out florescence alternation and met;If just being found to the florescence, the method for training can be taken busy trend parent Florescence alternation meets.Florescence can carry out steady with bamboo pole or rope, to ensure kind of a strain normal growth, prevent kind of a strain lodging from causing to subtract Production.Full-bloom stage makes full use of honeybee to carry out supple-mentary pollination, can significantly improve seed production.Every mu of seed farm of average is placed 1~2 case honeybee is advisable, and artificial pollination can be also carried out if necessary.After honeybee pollination, maternal Pod Bearing Percentage is greatly improved.It is preferred that , after the florescence, male parent can be removed, to provide more spaces for female parent.
7th, ripe harvesting:Treat that female parent bears pods maturation, pod can start from green to yellow, pod has turned yellow but completely withered and yellow When maternal all harvestings are dried, beat plant, collect seed.
By above-mentioned cultivation management process, the hybrid seed yield of the wild cabbage has reached every mu of 20KG, is doubled.By planting Found after sub- Purity, obtained seed purity has reached more than 95%, substantially increased seed quality.
Experimental plot is contrasted, the wild cabbage seed farm of the present embodiment, except the bar for doing ridge from parent's field planting being carried out by different plant heights Part is different from traditional plantation outer, and other conditions are identical with traditional plantation, and every mu of average hybrid seed yield is about 33KG, and according to biography The experimental plot of system plantation, every mu of hybrid seed yield is about 30KG, it is clear that the cultivation side of raising wild cabbage hybrid seed yield proposed by the present invention Method improves about 10% hybrid seed yield.
In summary, the cultural method of raising wild cabbage hybrid seed yield of the invention, poor according to the plant height of two kinds of parents of wild cabbage Different characteristic, rational deployment is carried out to seed farm, eastern according to the mode bigger than two ridges interval is spaced between two one group, two groups of ridges West plants the short parent of plant height on the ridge in the south on every group of ridge to doing ridge, and the high parent of plant height is planted on the north ridge on every group of ridge, by This ensures that the daylighting of the short parent of plant height is not blocked, while into full-bloom stage, the short parent of plant height in the south does not interfere with honey The honeybee parent high to north plant height, honey bees pollination efficiency is improved, and wild cabbage hybrid seed yield is greatly improved.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out the spirit of various changes and modification without departing from the present invention to invention And scope.So, if these modifications and variations of the present invention belong to the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies scope it Interior, then the present invention is also intended to comprising including these changes and modification.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of cultural method for improving wild cabbage hybrid seed yield, it is characterised in that including:
Site preparation does ridge:Ridge is done using East and West direction, two ridges are one group, row spacing 30cm~40cm, adjacent two ridges interval 40cm ~60cm, adjacent two groups of ridges interval 1m, when site preparation does ridge, first plough, spread fertilizer over the fields N P and K ternary base manure, then revolve ground, ridging, Spread drip irrigation zone, covering film;
Transplant seedlings field planting:Field planting of transplanting seedlings irrigates water for first 2~7 days to alley, transplants two kinds with 4~6 leaves cultivated in advance Parent Seedling is colonized on alley, and the difference in plant height of described two Parent Seedlings exceedes 30cm, and opened when being colonized on ridge 5cm~ Kind plant hole or ditch deep 10cm, by 30cm~40cm spacing in the rows, the short Parent Seedling of plant height is colonized in the south on every group of ridge , the high Parent Seedling of plant height is colonized on one, the north ridge on every group of ridge on the ridge of one, face, and real strong sprout surrounding soil is trained after field planting, Make base portion just flat with earth's surface, pour after field planting and in time root water and determine root, the advance step for cultivating two kinds of Parent Seedlings Suddenly include:Sowing:Hole tray is chosen, matrix is put into, per one seed of bunch planting, pours permeable;Nursery:Using moist but crowded not water outlet as mark Standard keeps the moisture of hole tray, while carrying out sunshade to hole tray when running into 35 degree of high temperature above;Reseed:Observe the germination of seed Situation, to sowing 3 days after ablastous hole tray reseed;
Rich water quality management:Field planting pours a seedling recovering water after entering seedling-slowing stage;In reproductive stage, according to growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way, ground is kept Between do between it is wet, and carry out nitrogenous fertilizer and impose;In BOITING STAGE and florescence, Irrigation Frequency is improved to keep ground moisture sufficient, and with filling Irrigate and impose nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer;Reduce and irrigate and fertilizer application frequency in fruiting period;
Cut bulb reason:In the heading stage of reproductive stage, the ball time of cutting of two kinds of parents is staggered, to blooming, late parent is advanced Row cuts ball, and to blooming, ball is cut in progress after early parent, to adjust the flower synchronization of two kinds of parents;
Blooming period management:To blooming, early parent is controlling its growing way or it is being pruned to adjust two when it is bloomed before it is bloomed Plant the flower synchronization of parent;And, after two kinds enter the florescence after, be every mu of production of hybrid seeds place 1~2 hive bee.
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CN105379544A (en) * 2015-11-30 2016-03-09 贵州关岭阿依苗生态农业发展有限公司 High-yield cabbage cultivation method
CN106305100A (en) * 2016-08-24 2017-01-11 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 Method for improving collard seed yield

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CN1094563A (en) * 1994-01-28 1994-11-09 东北农学院 The selection of high-quality multi-resisting high-yield wild cabbage
CN101675728B (en) * 2008-09-17 2012-07-25 尹永良 Seed production and high-yield cultivation method of hybrid Chinese cabbage
CN102783351A (en) * 2012-09-06 2012-11-21 于占清 Method for planting multiple corn plants on double-ridge edges
CN103181290A (en) * 2013-04-02 2013-07-03 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 Interplanting method for seed production of cabbages and seed reproduction of cucumbers in separated harvesting manner
CN104206150B (en) * 2014-08-25 2016-05-11 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 A kind of method that improves cabbage sterile lines seed making output

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