CN115340430B - Special controlled release fertilizer for polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling cultivation and application method thereof - Google Patents
Special controlled release fertilizer for polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling cultivation and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115340430B CN115340430B CN202211128825.2A CN202211128825A CN115340430B CN 115340430 B CN115340430 B CN 115340430B CN 202211128825 A CN202211128825 A CN 202211128825A CN 115340430 B CN115340430 B CN 115340430B
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000538 Poly[(phenyl isocyanate)-co-formaldehyde] Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 72
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 42
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 36
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011527 polyurethane coating Substances 0.000 description 8
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- CYEJMVLDXAUOPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O CYEJMVLDXAUOPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 4
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 polyoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000184734 Pyrus japonica Species 0.000 description 3
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000246027 Genista monspessulana Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000007853 Sarothamnus scoparius Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014075 nitrogen utilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a special controlled release fertilizer for polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling cultivation and an application method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fertilizers. The special controlled release fertilizer for polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling cultivation comprises urea particles and three layers of polymer coating materials coated on the surfaces of the urea particles; the inner layer of the three-layer polymer coating material is paraffin, the middle layer is polyurethane, and the outer layer is polyacrylate (adopting a fluidized bed coating process). The controlled release fertilizer prepared by the invention does not burn seedlings, can obviously improve the utilization rate of nitrogenous fertilizer, is applied only once in the seedling stage, is applied only once in the field, and can reduce the fertilizing amount and the frequency in the early seedling raising stage and the later field and the labor cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a special controlled release fertilizer for polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling cultivation and an application method thereof.
Background
The rice seedling raising is the primary link affecting the growth and yield of rice. The seedling raising matrix is a basic condition for the growth and development of seedlings, and the ideal seedling raising matrix needs to provide proper fertilizer nutrients and water for seedlings. At present, the seedling raising matrix used in rice production is mainly a nutrient soil matrix prepared by farmers, the preparation process is complex and time-consuming, the quality is uneven, the quality and the yield of seedlings are seriously affected, and the problems of over-high seedling burning and over-low seedling weakness of seedling trays exist. Therefore, it is important to realize that the seedling tray nutrient is matched with the growth of seedlings in the seedling raising process.
The controlled release fertilizer is a functional fertilizer for controlling different nutrient release rates according to the nutrient requirement law of the plant growth stage, and realizes the matching of the nutrient release rate and the rice growth fertilizer absorption. At present, the rice seedling throwing tray is mostly made of cheap plastics, and the special controlled release fertilizer is not used for raising rice seedlings. Adding the prepared nutrient soil into the seedling tray cave groove. The nutrient soil is taken from field soil, and is mixed with materials such as fertilizer, straw, manure and the like, so that the nutrient components are unstable and unevenly distributed, urea solution is required to be sprayed for many times in the seedling raising period, and the operation is complex. Therefore, developing the special controlled release fertilizer for rice seedling throwing has important significance for reducing labor cost, ensuring seedling quality, and improving seedling raising efficiency and grain yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a special controlled release fertilizer for polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling cultivation and an application method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
one of the technical schemes of the invention is as follows: the special controlled release fertilizer for polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling cultivation comprises urea particles and three layers of polymer coating materials coated on the surfaces of the urea particles;
the inner layer of the three-layer polymer coating material is paraffin, the middle layer is polyurethane, and the outer layer is polyacrylate.
The three layers have different effects, the inner layer improves the smoothness, smoothness and hydrophobicity of the fertilizer, the middle layer regulates and controls the release rate of urea, the outer layer increases the hydrophilicity, toughness and elasticity of the coating layer, the coating layers are mutually compatible, and the three-layer coating process increases the controllability, stability and performance diversity of the coating material.
Further, the three-layer polymer coating is coated by a fluidized bed coating process.
Further, the paraffin wax comprises one or more of microcrystalline paraffin wax, semi-refined paraffin wax and chlorinated paraffin wax.
Further, the controlled release fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 90 to 95 parts of urea particles, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of paraffin, 3.0 to 4.0 parts of polyurethane and 2.5 to 3.5 parts of polyacrylate.
Further, the controlled release fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90-95 parts of urea particles, 1.0 part of paraffin, 3.5 parts of polyurethane and 3.0 parts of polyacrylate.
Further, the urea granules have a single granule weight of 40 to 60mg.
The second technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the preparation method of the special controlled release fertilizer for polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling cultivation comprises the following steps: adding urea particles into a fluidized bed, preheating, spraying paraffin, cooling after reacting for 3-5 min, spraying polyurethane raw materials for 2-3 times, reacting for 5-8 min each time, cooling for 3-5 min, and finally spraying vaporific liquid polyacrylate emulsion to obtain the controlled release fertilizer.
Further, the polyurethane raw materials comprise rapeseed oil polyol and polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the polyurethane raw materials are sprayed separately, wherein polyol is sprayed firstly, and isocyanate is sprayed later; the polyacrylate emulsion is prepared from methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate and methacrylic acid emulsion in a mass ratio of 12:16:1.
Further, the temperature of the preheating is 60 ℃ +/-2 ℃; cooling to 50+/-2 ℃; the temperature of the atomized liquid polyacrylate emulsion is 55+/-2 ℃.
The third technical scheme of the invention: the application of the special controlled release fertilizer for polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling culture in polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling culture.
Further, the application method specifically includes: and (3) carrying out contact seedling raising on the controlled release fertilizer and the rice seeds, and then throwing the seedlings into a field.
Further, the application further comprises the steps of applying an organic fertilizer and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to the seedling bed for raising the seedlings; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 200 kg/mu; the application amount of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 4 kg/mu.
Further, the method for application specifically includes:
(1) Accelerating germination: soaking rice seeds by adopting a medicament, and accelerating germination until the seeds are exposed to white to obtain exposed white seeds;
the application amount of the rice seeds is 3-4 kg per mu of field; 40-60 g of seeds are used for each seedling raising tray.
The rice variety comprises south japonica 46, south japonica 9108 or south japonica 5055.
(2) Manufacturing a seedling raising tray: adding an organic fertilizer and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15) into a seedling bed, raking seedling bed soil (slurry) into a seedling tray with the thickness of 10-12 mm, uniformly spreading a controlled release fertilizer and white seeds, and finally covering a layer of slurry (with the height lower than the opening of the seedling tray) for contact seedling raising;
the seedling raising tray is a 353-hole plastic seedling throwing tray, the seedling throwing tray is conical with a large upper opening and a small lower opening, the caliber is 19-23 mm, the depth is 16-18 mm, and the bottom diameter is 9-10 mm.
The dosage of the controlled release fertilizer is 10.9 kg/70-75 seedling raising trays.
(3) Throwing seedling: when the rice seedlings grow to three leaves and four leaves and one core, and the fertilizer (organic fertilizer, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and controlled release fertilizer) is fixed on the seedling bed soil and the seedling roots, the seedling bed soil, the fertilizer and the seedlings are thrown into a large field together (artificial seedling throwing or mechanical seedling throwing), and conventional field management is carried out;
the seedling throwing is performed on 70-75 trays (seedling raising trays) per mu of field.
Before the seedling throwing, applying a base fertilizer to the field; the base fertilizer comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide;
the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is calculated by pure nitrogen, and the application amount of the pure nitrogen is 3-7 kg/mu; the application amount of phosphorus pentoxide is 4-5 kg/mu; the application amount of the potassium oxide is 5-7 kg/mu.
After the seedling throwing, topdressing is carried out on the field; the additional fertilizer is a nitrogenous fertilizer, the application amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer is calculated by pure nitrogen, and the application amount of the pure nitrogen is 5-8 kg/mu.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
the controlled release fertilizer prepared by the invention does not burn seedlings, can obviously improve the utilization rate of nitrogenous fertilizer, only fertilizes once in the seedling stage, only fertilizes once in the field, and can reduce the fertilizing amount and the fertilizing times in the early stage and the later stage and the labor cost.
The invention solves the problems of unbalanced nutrient, excessive fertilizer application, high labor cost and the like commonly existing in the rice seedling raising and field management processes, is convenient to operate, has weight reducing and synergy effects, is environment-friendly, and has important value in the application of the special fertilizer for rice seedling throwing.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change in release rate of the controlled release fertilizer prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the invention, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the invention described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present invention. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean an inclusion, but not limited to.
The "parts" described in the following examples are all "parts by mass".
Example 1
A preparation method of a special controlled release fertilizer for polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling cultivation comprises the following steps:
100 parts of urea particles (the single particle weight is 40-60 mg, the nitrogen content of the urea particles is 46.2 wt.%) are put into a fluidized bed, preheated by blowing at 60 ℃, 0.8 part of paraffin (microcrystalline paraffin) is taken and dissolved at 60 ℃ and then atomized and sprayed on the surface of the preheated fertilizer particles, and the reaction is carried out for 4min, so as to form an envelope inner layer; then reducing the blast temperature to 50 ℃, sequentially atomizing and spraying 2.0 parts of rapeseed oil polyol and 2.0 parts of polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate onto the surface of preheated fertilizer particles, and carrying out spraying for 3 times (a small amount of times) for 6min each time and cooling for 4min each time to form a coating middle layer (polyurethane coating); finally, spraying polyacrylate emulsion, controlling the air inlet temperature to be 55 ℃, spraying 3.0 parts of vaporous liquid polyacrylate emulsion on the surface of fertilizer particles in a fluidized bed granulating chamber, and cooling to form a middle layer and an outer layer of the coating film to obtain the special controlled release fertilizer for polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling cultivation.
Preparation of polyacrylate emulsion: preparing an emulsifier by using sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, dodecylphenol polyoxyethylene and distilled water in a mass ratio of 1:2:60; preparing composite emulsion by methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate and methacrylic acid emulsion according to a mass ratio of 12:16:1; mixing and stirring an emulsifying agent and emulsion according to the mass ratio of 13:10 for 15min to prepare pre-emulsified emulsion; the pre-emulsified emulsion and the potassium persulfate catalyst solution with the concentration of 10mg/L are reacted in a reaction kettle according to the mass ratio of 8:1, the reaction temperature is 80 ℃, the rotating speed is 400rpm, the reaction time is 4 hours, and the pre-emulsified emulsion and the catalyst solution 4 are added for 1 time every 1 hour.
Compared with the conventional polyacrylate emulsion sold in the market, the emulsion is more compatible with a polyurethane coating layer, and has better material properties such as tensile strength and the like.
Example 2
A preparation method of a special controlled release fertilizer for polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling cultivation comprises the following steps:
92 parts of urea particles (the single particle weight is 40-60 mg, the nitrogen content of the urea particles is 46.2 wt.%) are put into a fluidized bed, preheated by blowing at 60 ℃, 1.0 part of paraffin (microcrystalline paraffin) is taken to be dissolved at 60 ℃ and then atomized and sprayed on the surface of the preheated fertilizer particles, and the reaction is carried out for 5min, so as to form an envelope inner layer; then reducing the blast temperature to 50 ℃, sequentially atomizing and spraying 1.75 parts of rapeseed oil polyol and 1.75 parts of polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate onto the surface of preheated fertilizer particles, and performing spraying (a small amount of spraying) for 2 times, wherein each time is performed for 8min, and cooling for 5min, so as to form a coating middle layer (polyurethane coating); and finally, spraying 3.0 parts of vaporous liquid polyacrylate emulsion on the surface of fertilizer particles in a fluidized bed granulating chamber at the air inlet temperature of 55 ℃, and cooling to form a middle layer outer layer of the coating film to obtain the special controlled release fertilizer for polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling cultivation.
Preparation of polyacrylate emulsion: preparing an emulsifier by using sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, dodecylphenol polyoxyethylene and distilled water in a mass ratio of 1.5:1.5:60; preparing composite emulsion by methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate and methacrylic acid emulsion according to a mass ratio of 12:16:2; mixing and stirring an emulsifying agent and emulsion according to the mass ratio of 14:10 for 15min to prepare pre-emulsified emulsion; the pre-emulsified emulsion and the potassium persulfate catalyst solution with the concentration of 10mg/L are reacted in a reaction kettle according to the mass ratio of 8:1, the reaction temperature is 80 ℃, the rotating speed is 400rpm, the reaction time is 3 hours, and the pre-emulsified emulsion and the catalyst solution are added for 1 time every 1 hour.
Example 3
A preparation method of a special controlled release fertilizer for polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling cultivation comprises the following steps:
90 parts of urea particles (the single particle weight is 40-60 mg, the nitrogen content of the urea particles is 46.2 wt.%) are put into a fluidized bed, preheated by blowing at 62 ℃, 0.5 part of paraffin (chlorinated paraffin) is taken and dissolved at 62 ℃ and then atomized and sprayed on the surface of the preheated fertilizer particles, and the reaction is carried out for 3min, so as to form an envelope inner layer; then reducing the blast temperature to 52 ℃, sequentially atomizing and spraying 1.5 parts of rapeseed oil polyol and 1.5 parts of polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate onto the surface of preheated fertilizer particles, and performing spraying (a small amount of spraying) for 3 times, wherein each time is performed for 5min, and cooling for 3min to form a coating middle layer (polyurethane coating); finally, controlling the air inlet temperature to 57 ℃, spraying 2.5 parts of vaporous liquid polyacrylate emulsion on the surface of fertilizer particles in the fluidized bed granulating chamber, and cooling to form a middle layer outer layer of the coating film to obtain the special controlled release fertilizer for polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling cultivation.
Preparation of polyacrylate emulsion: preparing an emulsifier by using sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, dodecylphenol polyoxyethylene and distilled water in a mass ratio of 2:1:60; preparing composite emulsion by methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate and methacrylic acid emulsion according to a mass ratio of 12:16:1; mixing and stirring an emulsifying agent and emulsion according to the mass ratio of 13:10 for 15min to prepare pre-emulsified emulsion; the pre-emulsified emulsion and the potassium persulfate catalyst solution with the concentration of 10mg/L are reacted in a reaction kettle according to the mass ratio of 8:1, the reaction temperature is 80 ℃, the rotating speed is 400rpm, the reaction time is 4 hours, and the pre-emulsified emulsion and the catalyst solution 4 are added for 1 time every 1 hour.
Example 4
A preparation method of a special controlled release fertilizer for polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling cultivation comprises the following steps:
placing 95 parts of urea particles (the single particle weight is 40-60 mg, the nitrogen content of the urea particles is 46.2 wt.%) into a fluidized bed, preheating under air blast at 58 ℃, dissolving 1.5 parts of paraffin (semi-refined paraffin) at 58 ℃, then atomizing and spraying the dissolved paraffin onto the surface of the preheated fertilizer particles, and reacting for 3min to form an envelope inner layer; then reducing the blast temperature to 48 ℃, sequentially atomizing and spraying 2.0 parts of rapeseed oil polyol and 2.0 parts of polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate onto the surface of preheated fertilizer particles, and carrying out spraying (a small amount of spraying) for 3 times, wherein each time is carried out for 5min, and cooling for 3min, so as to form a coating middle layer (polyurethane coating); finally, controlling the air inlet temperature to be 53 ℃, spraying 3.5 parts of vaporous liquid polyacrylate emulsion on the surface of fertilizer particles in a fluidized bed granulating chamber, and cooling to form a middle layer outer layer of the coating film to obtain the special controlled release fertilizer for polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling cultivation.
Preparation of polyacrylate emulsion: preparing an emulsifier by using sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, dodecylphenol polyoxyethylene and distilled water in a mass ratio of 1:2:60; preparing composite emulsion by methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate and methacrylic acid emulsion according to a mass ratio of 12:16:1; mixing and stirring an emulsifying agent and emulsion according to the mass ratio of 13:10 for 15min to prepare pre-emulsified emulsion; the pre-emulsified emulsion and the potassium persulfate catalyst solution with the concentration of 10mg/L are reacted in a reaction kettle according to the mass ratio of 8:1, the reaction temperature is 80 ℃, the rotating speed is 400rpm, the reaction time is 5 hours, and the pre-emulsified emulsion and the catalyst solution are added for 1 time every 1 hour in equal parts.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the controlled release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
placing 95 parts of urea particles (the single particle weight is 40-60 mg, the nitrogen content of the urea particles is 46.2 wt.%) into a fluidized bed, preheating under air blast at 60 ℃, dissolving 0.8 part of paraffin (microcrystalline paraffin) at 60 ℃, then atomizing and spraying the dissolved paraffin onto the surface of the preheated fertilizer particles, and reacting for 4min to form an envelope inner layer; controlling the air inlet temperature to 55 ℃, spraying 3.0 parts of vaporous liquid polyacrylate emulsion on the surface of fertilizer particles in a fluidized bed granulating chamber, cooling, and then reducing the air blowing temperature to 50 ℃ to form an envelope intermediate layer; 2.0 parts of rapeseed oil polyol and 2.0 parts of polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate are sequentially sprayed on the surface of preheated fertilizer particles in an atomizing mode, the spraying is carried out for 3 times (a small amount of times), each time is carried out for 6 minutes, cooling is carried out for 4 minutes, and a coating outer layer (polyurethane coating) is formed, so that the special controlled release fertilizer is obtained.
The polyacrylate emulsion was prepared as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the controlled release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
92 parts of urea particles (the single particle weight is 40-60 mg, the nitrogen content of the urea particles is 46.2 wt.%) are put into a fluidized bed, preheated by blowing at 60 ℃, 1.0 part of paraffin (microcrystalline paraffin) is taken to be dissolved at 60 ℃ and then atomized and sprayed on the surface of the preheated fertilizer particles, and the reaction is carried out for 5min, so as to form an envelope inner layer; then reducing the blast temperature to 50 ℃, sequentially atomizing and spraying 1.75 parts of rapeseed oil polyol and 1.75 parts of polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate onto the surface of preheated fertilizer particles, and performing spraying (a small amount of spraying) for 2 times, wherein each time is performed for 8min, and cooling for 5min, so as to form a coating middle layer (polyurethane coating); finally, raising the blast temperature to 60 ℃, dissolving 3.0 parts of paraffin (microcrystalline paraffin) at 60 ℃, atomizing and spraying the dissolved paraffin onto the surface of the preheated fertilizer particles, and reacting for 5min to form an envelope outer layer, thus obtaining the special controlled release fertilizer.
Comparative example 3
92 parts of urea particles (the single particle weight is 40-60 mg, the nitrogen content of the urea particles is 46.2 wt.%) are put into a fluidized bed, preheated by blowing at 60 ℃, 1.0 part of paraffin (microcrystalline paraffin) is taken to be dissolved at 60 ℃ and then atomized and sprayed on the surface of the preheated fertilizer particles, and the reaction is carried out for 5min, so as to form an envelope inner layer; then reducing the blast temperature to 50 ℃, sequentially atomizing and spraying 1.75 parts of rapeseed oil polyol and 1.75 parts of polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate onto the surface of preheated fertilizer particles, and performing spraying (a small amount of spraying) for 2 times, wherein each time is performed for 8min, and cooling for 5min, so as to form a coating middle layer (polyurethane coating); finally, 1.75 parts of rapeseed oil polyol and 1.75 parts of polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate are simultaneously sprayed on the surface of the preheated fertilizer particles in an atomizing mode, and the spraying is carried out for 2 times (a small amount of times), the reaction is carried out for 8 minutes each time, and the cooling is carried out for 5 minutes, so that a coating outer layer is formed, and the special controlled release fertilizer is obtained.
Comparative example 4
92 parts of urea particles (the single particle weight is 40-60 mg, the nitrogen content of the urea particles is 46.2 wt.%) are put into a fluidized bed, preheated by blowing at 60 ℃, 1.0 part of paraffin (microcrystalline paraffin) is taken to be dissolved at 60 ℃ and then atomized and sprayed on the surface of the preheated fertilizer particles, and the reaction is carried out for 4min, so as to form an envelope inner layer; spraying 3.0 parts of vaporous liquid polyacrylate emulsion on the surface of fertilizer particles in a fluidized bed granulating chamber at the air inlet temperature of 55 ℃, cooling, and then reducing the air blowing temperature to 50 ℃ to form an envelope intermediate layer; spraying 3.0 parts of vaporous liquid polyacrylate emulsion on the surface of fertilizer particles in a fluidized bed granulating chamber at the air inlet temperature of 55 ℃, cooling, and then reducing the air blast temperature to 50 ℃ to form an envelope outer layer to obtain the special controlled release fertilizer.
The polyacrylate emulsion was prepared as in example 1.
Effect example 1
The release rates of nitrogen in still water at 25℃were measured for the controlled release fertilizers prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4, and the results are shown in FIG. 1 and Table 1.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change of the release rate of nitrogen in still water at 25℃in the controlled-release fertilizer prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
TABLE 1
Example 5
Specific field test conditions were as follows:
the field trials were conducted from 3 days of 2021, 6 months, to 28 days of 2021, 10 months. The test site is located in the eastern gulf town of Li yang area of Changzhou, jiangsu province. The soil is clay and rice soil. The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil are as follows: pH6.56, 20.5g/kg of organic matters, 85.7mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 12.3mg/kg of available phosphorus and 187mg/kg of quick-acting potassium, and belongs to soil with higher fertility. The rice variety to be tested is Nanjing 46.
The application method of the special controlled release fertilizer (prepared in the example 2) for polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) Accelerating germination: soaking rice seeds with the medicament, and accelerating germination until the seeds are exposed to white, thus obtaining the exposed white seeds.
(2) Manufacturing a seedling raising tray: applying organic fertilizer (200 kg/mu) and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 15-15-15 (4 kg/mu) to a seedling bed, leveling the seedling bed, making seedling beds, wherein the width of each seedling bed is 1.4 m, the width of each furrow is 0.2 m, raking mud (seedling bed soil) in the seedling bed into a seedling raising tray, leveling the surface of the seedling raising tray, uniformly pouring thin mud after the seedling raising tray is well placed, sweeping the mud into seedling raising holes with a broom to a thickness of 10-12 mm, uniformly spreading a controlled release fertilizer and white seeds, slightly pressing the seeds and the fertilizer into hole mud with a soft broom light-sweeping disc, and finally covering a layer of thin mud (with a height lower than that of an orifice of the seedling raising tray) for contact seedling raising; no fertilization is needed in the seedling stage, and management is performed in the seedling stage: controlling water and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests.
The seedling raising tray is a 353-hole plastic seedling throwing tray, the seedling throwing tray is in a shape of a cone with a large upper opening and a small lower opening, the caliber is 21mm, the depth is 18mm, and the bottom diameter is 10mm.
The area ratio of the seedling bed to the field is 1:20, namely, the seedling bed with 1 mu (1400 seedling raising trays are placed) can be used for planting 20 mu of field (70 seedling raising trays are used for each mu of field), the rice seeds in the field are used for 4 kg/mu, and the rice seeds in the seedling bed are used for 80 kg/mu. The dosage of the seedling bed controlled release fertilizer is 218 kg/mu.
(3) Throwing seedling: nitrogen fertilizer (containing 4.2 kg/mu of pure nitrogen), phosphorus pentoxide (4 kg/mu) and potassium oxide (6.4 kg/mu) with a size of Tian Shiru are used as base fertilizers; and then throwing the rice seedlings (together with organic fertilizer, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and controlled release fertilizer fixed on the seedling bed soil and seedling roots) which grow to three leaves and one core to four leaves and one core into a field together (artificial seedling throwing), and carrying out conventional field management.
(4) The nitrogen fertilizer (containing 6.2 kg/mu of pure nitrogen) is applied during the rice heading.
(5) And (3) manually harvesting and threshing, and measuring the real yield, wherein the mu yield is 628 kg/mu.
Example 6
Specific field test conditions were as follows:
the field trials were conducted from 3 days of 2021, 6 months, to 28 days of 2021, 10 months. The test site is located in the eastern gulf town of Li yang area of Changzhou, jiangsu province. The soil is clay and rice soil. The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil are as follows: pH6.56, 20.5g/kg of organic matters, 85.7mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 12.3mg/kg of available phosphorus and 187mg/kg of quick-acting potassium, and belongs to soil with higher fertility. The rice variety to be tested is Nanjing 46.
Setting 6 treatments, repeating for 3 times, and the area of the field cell is 40m 2 A random block design was used.
The cultivation method is different from example 5 in that the seedling raising method and the nitrogen application amount are different;
in the conventional fertilization treatment and the conventional fertilization nitrogen-reduction treatment by 20%, the seedling raising method is carried out according to the habit of farmers, and specifically comprises the following steps: soaking seeds to accelerate germination, preparing seedling plates, and applying organic fertilizer (200 kg/mu) and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 15-15-15 (4 kg/mu) into seedling fields. Applying fertilizers twice in the seedling stage, applying weaning fertilizers in the first leaf and core stage, and applying 3kg of urea to each mu of seedling bed to prepare 1% solution for spraying; and applying the lifting fertilizer 3-5 days before seedling throwing, blending urea with water to form 1% solution, and spraying the solution, wherein 5kg of urea is applied to each mu of seedling bed.
The seedling raising tray is a 353-hole plastic seedling throwing bowl tray; the dosage of the rice seeds in the field is 3 kg/mu, and 70 353 plastic seedling throwing pot trays are used for each mu.
In all treatments of the controlled release fertilizer, seedling raising was performed according to the rice seedling raising method in example 5.
Compared with the habit of raising seedlings, the seedling height, total root number, fresh weight of hundreds of grown seedlings and root system coiling force are improved by the controlled release fertilizer raising seedlings, and the seedling age is shortened; the basal stem is thick without influence and plant diseases and insect pests. Among them, example 2 showed the best seedling raising effect.
TABLE 2
Specific fertilization amounts and fertilization periods are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Nitrogen application and operation plans for different treatments
Conventional fertilization treatment: 200kg of seedling bed organic fertilizer, 1kg of pure nitrogen, 4kg of compound fertilizer per mu of seedling bed and 0.6kg of pure nitrogen; fertilizing 2 times (3kg+5kg urea) in seedling stage of seedling bed, and calculating 3.2kg of pure nitrogen; the total amount of the organic fertilizer and the tertiary fertilizer is 4.8kg of pure nitrogen; 1 mu of seedling field (1400 353 plastic seedling throwing bowl trays) is planted in 20 mu of field, and the amount of nitrogen applied in each mu of field is converted into 0.24kg.
And (3) fertilizing the controlled-release fertilizer: 200kg of seedling bed organic fertilizer, 1kg of pure nitrogen, 4kg of compound fertilizer per mu of seedling bed and 0.6kg of pure nitrogen; 218kg of controlled release fertilizer (example 1) and 80kg of calculated pure nitrogen; applying 81.6kg of nitrogen fertilizer in total; 1 mu of seedling field (1400 353 plastic seedling throwing bowl trays) is planted in 20 mu of field, and the amount of nitrogen applied to each mu of field is converted into 4.08kg.
The actual yield was measured by manual harvesting and threshing, and the results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 influence of the same treatments on the yield and the constitutive factors of rice
As can be seen from Table 4, the order of the treatment yield is controlled release fertilizer treatment > conventional treatment and controlled release fertilizer nitrogen reduction 20% treatment > controlled release fertilizer nitrogen reduction 30% treatment > conventional fertilization nitrogen reduction 20% treatment > non-fertilization treatment. In the aspect of rice yield, the difference between the conventional fertilization treatment and the controlled release fertilizer nitrogen reduction treatment by 20% is not obvious. The controlled release fertilizer treatment increases the rice yield by 5.2% compared with the conventional treatment. The conventional nitrogen reduction treatment of 20 percent and the controlled release fertilizer nitrogen reduction treatment of 30 percent respectively reduce the yield by 10.3 percent and 5.0 percent compared with the conventional treatment. Therefore, the controlled release fertilizer can be used for stabilizing the yield by reducing the nitrogen by 20%, reducing the nitrogen fertilizer consumption and increasing the nitrogen utilization rate.
Compared with the conventional seedling raising and fertilization, the special controlled release fertilizer for polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling throwing cultivation can increase rice yield, reduce the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer, increase the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer and reduce the fertilization times.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The special controlled release fertilizer for polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling cultivation is characterized by comprising urea particles and three layers of polymer coating materials coated on the surfaces of the urea particles;
the inner layer of the three-layer polymer coating material is paraffin, the middle layer is polyurethane, and the outer layer is polyacrylate;
the controlled release fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 90 to 95 parts of urea particles, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of paraffin, 3.0 to 4.0 parts of polyurethane and 2.5 to 3.5 parts of polyacrylate;
the preparation method of the special controlled release fertilizer for polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling cultivation comprises the following steps: preheating urea particles, wherein the preheating temperature is 60+/-2 ℃; adding paraffin to react for 3-5 min, and cooling to 50+/-2 ℃; then spraying polyurethane raw materials for 2-3 times, reacting for 5-8 min each time, and cooling for 3-5 min; finally spraying mist liquid polyacrylate emulsion to obtain the controlled release fertilizer, wherein the temperature of the mist liquid polyacrylate emulsion is 55+/-2 ℃;
the paraffin comprises one or more of microcrystalline paraffin, semi-refined paraffin and chlorinated paraffin;
the polyurethane raw materials comprise rapeseed oil polyol and polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate in a mass ratio of 1:1; the polyacrylate emulsion is prepared from methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate and methacrylic acid emulsion in a mass ratio of 12:16:1.
2. Use of the special controlled release fertilizer for polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling culture according to claim 1 in polished round-grained nonglutinous rice seedling culture.
3. The application according to claim 2, characterized in that the method of application comprises in particular: and (3) carrying out contact seedling raising on the controlled release fertilizer and the rice seeds, and then throwing the seedlings into a field.
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