CN115336548A - Control method and application of prawn yellow head virus - Google Patents

Control method and application of prawn yellow head virus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115336548A
CN115336548A CN202211148078.9A CN202211148078A CN115336548A CN 115336548 A CN115336548 A CN 115336548A CN 202211148078 A CN202211148078 A CN 202211148078A CN 115336548 A CN115336548 A CN 115336548A
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parts
prawn
bait
feeding
yellow head
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徐国成
何明航
余锦洪
陈佳乐
李沁苗
尹稼
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Jiangsu Ocean University
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Jiangsu Ocean University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of shrimp culture methods, and particularly discloses a method for preventing and treating prawn yellow head virus and application thereof, wherein a bait additive is fed, and the bait additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 1-3 parts of pawpaw, 1-2 parts of liquorice, 2-4 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 0.5-1.5 parts of sweet wormwood, 0.5-2.5 parts of polygonum cuspidatum, 1-3 parts of honeysuckle and 2-3 parts of houttuynia cordata. The invention establishes and improves the antiviral ability of the penaeus monodon by feeding the bait additive and combining the ecological breeding environment of the penaeus monodon, enhances the immunity of the penaeus monodon and further has better prevention and treatment effect on the yellow head virus.

Description

Control method and application of prawn yellow head virus
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of shrimp culture methods, in particular to a method for preventing and treating prawn yellow head virus and application thereof.
Background
The prawn breeding industry is a supporting industry of seawater breeding in China, wherein litopenaeus vannamei, penaeus chinensis and penaeus monodon are called three excellent prawn species with high world breeding yield. Penaeus monodon (Penaeus monodon) is not only a traditional cultured shrimp species in Asia, but also an important excellent cultured shrimp species all over the world; therefore, the culture yield of the penaeus monodon at the end of the 20 th century accounts for over 75 percent of the culture yield of the penaeus monodon all over the world. Although the biological parameters of the shrimp culture are excellent, the worldwide culture yield of the penaeus monodon is still low in the last decade. Taking Thailand as an example, the method for culturing the penaeus monodon occupies an important position in the world, but the yield of the penaeus monodon is greatly reduced nowadays, for example, the yield change of two penaeus monodon and litopenaeus vannamei is very representative in recent years. The main reason is limited by two factors of white spot syndrome of prawns and wild fishing of parent prawns. However, the penaeus monodon has the advantages of high growth speed, large body size, good meat quality and market price superior to that of litopenaeus vannamei, and the penaeus monodon can play an important role in improving the quality and the output value of the cultured penaeus monodon as long as the two problems are technically solved and the yield of the penaeus monodon is increased. Not only can occupy the market to obtain a large amount of foreign exchange, but also can greatly improve the quality of Chinese prawn products so as to meet the requirements of different consumers. But the yield of penaeus monodon is seriously affected by the yellow head virus.
Yellow head disease is also called Yellow gill disease, is one of the main diseases of prawns, is caused by Yellow Head Virus (YHV), belongs to single-stranded RNA, and is observed by an electron microscope ultrathin section, and the size of virus particles is 150-200nmx40-50nm.
Yellow Head Virus (YHV) was originally discovered in Thailand, symptoms of sallowness of the head and chest and general muscular whitening are often found on shrimps infected with yellow head virus, the shrimps only have abnormal large-amount feeding within 2-4 days in the early stage of disease induction and then almost completely stop feeding, and then a large amount of dying shrimps are found to be gathered on the surface of pond water or around the pond. The yellow head virus has the highest lethality to the penaeus monodon (grass shrimp), and when the yellow head virus is seriously attacked, the lethality of the whole pool of grass shrimps can reach 100 percent within three days.
Yellow head disease poses a significant threat in the process of prawn culture, and currently, means for preventing and treating the yellow head disease are seriously lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for preventing and treating yellow head virus of penaeus monodon and application thereof.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a method for preventing and treating the yellow head virus of the prawn, which prevents and treats the yellow head virus by feeding bait additives;
the bait additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
3-6 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 1-3 parts of pawpaw, 1-2 parts of liquorice, 2-4 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 0.5-1.5 parts of sweet wormwood, 0.5-2.5 parts of polygonum cuspidatum, 1-3 parts of honeysuckle and 2-3 parts of houttuynia cordata.
Further, the bait additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 3 parts of pawpaw, 2 parts of liquorice, 2 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 1 part of sweet wormwood, 1.5 parts of polygonum cuspidatum, 2 parts of honeysuckle and 3 parts of houttuynia cordata. .
Further, the bait additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
6 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 2 parts of pawpaw, 1 part of liquorice, 3 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 0.5 part of sweet wormwood, 2.5 parts of polygonum cuspidatum, 1 part of honeysuckle and 2 parts of houttuynia cordata.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, building a shrimp pond: clearing and disinfecting after the pond is built;
s2, establishing an ecological culture environment of shrimp, ginseng and algae: water is fed, basic bait is thrown, hooked shrimps and corophium acherusicum are transplanted to serve as biological bait, zostera marina is transplanted, and stichopus japonicus is thrown;
s3, selecting and putting shrimp fries: selecting robust prawn seedlings with uniform individual size, strong swimming force against water, high wall attachment rate, beautiful appearance and no abnormal color, and discharging 2-3 ten thousand tails per mu;
s4, bait feeding: adding a bait additive into the basic bait according to the mass fraction of 2-5% to prepare comprehensive bait for feeding;
the preparation process of the bait additive comprises the following steps: weighing radix astragali, fructus Chaenomelis, glycyrrhrizae radix, eucommiae cortex, herba Artemisiae Annuae, rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati, flos Lonicerae and herba Houttuyniae in parts by weight, drying respectively, pulverizing, sieving with 40-60 mesh sieve, and mixing to obtain bait additive;
feeding the prawn with comprehensive bait;
s5, water quality management: beneficial bacteria are applied to regulate water quality;
the beneficial bacteria comprise photosynthetic bacteria, EM bacteria, bacillus and lactic acid bacteria, and the mass ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria to the bacillus to the lactic acid bacteria is 1-2:1-4:0.5-1.5;
and S6, harvesting.
Furthermore, in S1, the depth of the pond is 2-2.5m, and the area is 2-5 mu.
Further, in S4, the basic bait comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: 25% of soybean, 20% of fish meal, 13% of small trash fish, 5% of oyster, 12% of bean cake, 20% of bran and 5% of sea cucumber.
Further, in S4, the comprehensive bait feeding time and feeding amount are as follows:
1-25 days: feeding the prawn larvae with the feed once every 2 to 4 hours, and feeding the prawn larvae with the feed 4 to 7 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 1 to 3 percent of the total weight of the prawn larvae;
feeding the prawn larvae with the feed once every 3 to 5 hours after 25 days, and feeding the prawn larvae 3 to 5 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 2 to 4 percent of the total weight of the prawn larvae;
feeding the feed once every 6h after 50 days, wherein the feeding is performed for 1 to 3 times every day, and the daily feeding amount is 4 to 6 percent of the total weight of the prawn seedlings;
further, in S5, the water quality management specifically comprises: controlling the dissolved oxygen to be more than 5mg/L, the pH value to be 7.8-8.5, controlling the transparency to be 30-40cm, and feeding the beneficial bacteria for 1-2 times per week during the culture period, wherein the feeding amount of the beneficial bacteria is 0.3-0.5 kg/mu.
The invention also provides application of the bait additive in prevention and treatment of the yellowhead virus.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the bait additive disclosed by the invention has the following characteristics that:
astragalus root, mainly contain astragaloside IV, astragaloside, calycosin glucoside, calycosin, isoastragaloside I, isoastragaloside II, triterpenoid saponin, flavone and polysaccharide, etc., have promoting effects and effects on nucleic acid metabolism, enhance hemopoiesis function, have antioxidation, antivirus, improve renal function and kidney tissue pathological change, etc.;
fructus Chaenomelis containing malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, fumaric acid, saponin, potassium malate, oleanolic acid, chlorogenic acid ethyl ester, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, aconitic acid, flavone, tannin, etc.; has hepatoprotective and antibacterial effects;
glycyrrhrizae radix mainly containing liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhizin, syringene oxide, glycyrrhrizae radix terpene alcohol, 18 α -hydroxy glycyrrhetinic acid, isoglycyrrhetinic acid, glycyrrhrizae radix coumarins, formononetin, neolicochalcone D, glabrene aglycone, isolicoflavonol, triterpenoid saponin, coumarin, etc.; has antiinflammatory, antiulcer, antiallergic, anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, immunity regulating, and immunity enhancing effects;
cortex Eucommiae containing pinoresinol diglucoside, D-eugenol, eucommia ulmoides glycosides, eucommia ulmoides extract A, and erythro-dihydroxy dehydrodiconiferol; has effects in regulating immunity and enhancing immunity;
herba Artemisiae Annuae containing various sesquiterpene lactone, flavonoids, coumarins, volatile oil, and optionally arteannuin, quercetin, fennel ketone, etc.; has antibacterial, antiviral, and hepatoprotective effects;
rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati mainly contains anthraquinone derivatives, resveratrol, tannin and flavonoids, and also contains chrysophanol, physcion, rhein, isoquercitrin, polygonin, citric acid and malic acid; has effects in resisting liver injury, and resisting bacteria and virus;
flos Lonicerae contains luteolin, inositol 1%, volatile oil, terpenes, phenolic acid, etc. The compound has chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid, ginkgol, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol-D-glucoside and other components, has the functions of resisting pathogenic microorganisms, viruses and inflammation, and has stronger bacteriostatic action on staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus albus, hemolytic streptococcus, pneumonia bacillus, meningococcus, typhoid bacillus, tubercle bacillus, vibrio cholerae and other microorganisms;
herba Houttuyniae mainly contains volatile oil, flavonoids, organic acid, fatty acid, alkaloid, lignan, hyperoside, aframosid, isoquercitrin, rutin, bornyl acetate, alpha-pinene, beta-sitosterol, etc., and has antibacterial, antiviral and immunity enhancing effects.
2. By feeding bait additives, the immunity of the penaeus monodon is enhanced, and the antiviral capacity of the penaeus monodon is enhanced; the ecological culture mode of the penaeus monodon is adopted to optimize the ecological environment of the culture pond of the new variety of penaeus monodon, the immunity of the cultured penaeus monodon is improved by microorganism regulation and prawn nutrition and immunity regulation, the morbidity of the yellow head disease of the penaeus monodon is comprehensively reduced, and a better prevention and treatment effect is achieved.
3. According to the invention, a new penaeus monodon variety 'south sea No. 1' is introduced, the sea cucumber is transplanted through transplanting zostera marina, the stichopus japonicus is put in to establish an ecological culture environment, and the ecological culture effect of the zostera marina, the stichopus japonicus and the penaeus monodon is based in the culture process, so that the effects of a beneficial microbial preparation, a basic biological bait and a bait additive are realized, the medicine is applied in a small amount, the immunity of the penaeus monodon is favorably enhanced, the morbidity is reduced, and the yield is finally improved.
4. The zostera marina is transplanted in the shrimp pond, so that the water quality can be purified, the substrate condition can be improved, the living body bait can be enriched, the growth of the prawns can be promoted, and excellent survival conditions can be provided for economic animals such as sea cucumbers, so that the comprehensive breeding capacity of the shrimp pond can be improved. The prawn and the stichopus japonicus are mixed and cultured, the stichopus japonicus is a good growing season of the prawn during the summer sleeping period, and the space and the bait of the pond can be fully utilized by utilizing the complementarity of the prawn and the stichopus japonicus in the bait and the space, so that the utilization rate and the ecological benefit of the shrimp pond are improved, and the economic benefit is increased.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. The experimental methods described in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The method for preventing and treating the prawn yellow head virus comprises the following steps:
1. building a shrimp pond: selecting a pond with the area of 2 mu, wherein the water depth is 1 m, the sediment and the sludge are 10cm, and uniformly sprinkling quicklime 70 kg/mu of slurry to kill harmful organisms and pathogenic organisms in the pond; after 3 days, the pond is washed after being sunned, and the lime water is washed away.
2. Establishing an ecological culture environment of shrimp, ginseng and algae: introducing seawater into a shrimp pond, putting basic bait, transplanting 70kg of hooked shrimps and 20kg of corophium acherusicum as biological bait, transplanting 25 clumps of zostera marina, and putting 10kg of stichopus japonicus. The basic bait comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: 25% of soybean, 20% of fish meal, 13% of small trash fish, 5% of oyster, 12% of bean cake, 20% of bran and 5% of sea cucumber.
3. Selecting and putting shrimp fries: healthy and strong seedlings with uniform individual size, strong swimming force against water, high wall attachment rate, beautiful appearance and no abnormal color are selected, and the penaeus monodon of No. 1 south China sea is thrown, and 2 million tails are released per mu.
4. Bait feeding: adding a bait additive into the basic bait according to the mass fraction of 2% to obtain comprehensive bait;
the preparation process of the bait additive comprises the following steps: weighing 5 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 3 parts of pawpaw, 2 parts of liquorice, 2 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 1 part of sweet wormwood, 1.5 parts of polygonum cuspidatum, 2 parts of honeysuckle and 3 parts of houttuynia cordata according to parts by weight, drying and crushing the materials respectively, sieving the materials with a 40-mesh sieve, and mixing the materials to obtain a bait additive;
the comprehensive bait feeding time and feeding amount are as follows:
1-25 days: feeding the prawn feed once every 2h, and feeding the prawn feed 4 times a day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 1 percent of the total weight of the prawn seedlings;
feeding the feed once every 3h after 25 days, and feeding the feed 3 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 2 percent of the total weight of the prawn seedlings;
feeding once every 6h after 50 days, and feeding 1 time every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 4% of the total weight of the prawn seedlings.
5. Water quality management: and (2) putting beneficial bacteria twice a week in the culture period, and putting 0.3kg of beneficial bacteria in each mu, wherein the mass ratio of photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus and lactic acid bacteria in the beneficial bacteria is 1:1:0.5, transparency controlled at 30cm, dissolved oxygen controlled at 5mg/L or more, pH 7.8.
6. And (6) harvesting.
Example 2
The method for preventing and treating the prawn yellow head virus comprises the following steps:
1. building a shrimp pond: selecting a pond with the area of 3 mu, uniformly splashing 75kg of quicklime per mu of slurried slurry, and spraying the pond with the water depth of 1.5 m, the sediment and the sludge of 10cm to kill harmful organisms and pathogenic organisms in the pond; after 3-4 days, the pond is washed, and the lime water is washed away.
2. Establishing an ecological culture environment of shrimp, ginseng and algae: introducing seawater into a shrimp pond, throwing basic bait, taking 105kg of transplanted hooked shrimps and 30kg of corophium acherusicum as biological bait, transplanting 40 clumps of zostera marina, and throwing 15kg of stichopus japonicus, wherein the basic bait contains the following substances in percentage by mass: 25% of soybean, 20% of fish meal, 13% of small trash fish, 5% of oyster, 12% of bean cake, 20% of bran and 5% of sea cucumber.
3. Selecting and putting shrimp fries: healthy and strong seedlings with uniform individual size, strong swimming force against water, high wall adhesion rate, beautiful appearance and no abnormal color are selected, and 2.5 thousands of penaeus monodon seedlings per mu are thrown in the strong seedlings.
4. Feeding baits: adding a bait additive into the basic bait according to the mass fraction of 3% to obtain comprehensive bait;
the preparation process of the bait additive comprises the following steps: weighing 6 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 2 parts of pawpaw, 1 part of liquorice, 3 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 0.5 part of sweet wormwood, 2.5 parts of polygonum cuspidatum, 1 part of honeysuckle and 2 parts of houttuynia cordata according to parts by weight, drying respectively, crushing, sieving with a 50-mesh sieve, and mixing to obtain a bait additive;
the comprehensive bait feeding time and feeding amount are as follows:
1-25 days: feeding the prawn feed once every 3h, and feeding the prawn feed 5 times a day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 2 percent of the total weight of the prawn seedlings;
feeding the feed once every 4h after 25 days, and feeding the feed 4 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 3 percent of the total weight of the prawn seedlings;
feeding the prawn feed once every 6h after 50 days, and feeding the prawn feed 2 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 5 percent of the total weight of the prawn seedlings.
5. Water quality management: and (2) putting beneficial bacteria twice per week, and putting 0.4kg of beneficial bacteria in each mu, wherein the mass ratio of photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus and lactic acid bacteria in the beneficial bacteria is 1:3:1, controlling the transparency at 40cm, controlling the dissolved oxygen above 5mg/L, and controlling the pH value at 8.
6. And (6) harvesting.
Example 3
The method for preventing and treating the prawn yellow head virus comprises the following steps:
1. building a shrimp pond: selecting a pond with the area of 5 mu, wherein the water depth is 2 m, the sediment and the sludge are 15cm, and uniformly sprinkling 80kg of quicklime per mu of slurrying to kill harmful organisms and pathogenic organisms in the pond; after 3-4 days, the pond is washed, and the lime water is washed away.
2. Establishing an ecological culture environment of shrimp, ginseng and algae: introducing seawater into a shrimp pond, throwing basic bait, taking 175kg of transplanted hooked shrimps and 50kg of corophium acherusicum as biological bait, transplanting 65 clumps of zostera marina, and throwing 25kg of stichopus japonicus, wherein the basic bait contains the following substances in percentage by mass: 25% of soybean, 20% of fish meal, 13% of small trash fish, 5% of oyster, 12% of bean cake, 20% of bran and 5% of sea cucumber.
3. Selecting and putting shrimp fries: healthy and strong seedlings with uniform individual size, strong swimming force against water, high wall attachment rate, beautiful appearance and no abnormal color are selected, and the penaeus monodon of No. 1 south China sea is thrown, and 3 ten thousand seedlings are released per mu.
4. Feeding baits: adding a bait additive into the basic bait according to the mass fraction of 5% to obtain comprehensive bait;
the preparation process of the bait additive comprises the following steps: weighing 3 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 1 part of pawpaw, 1 part of liquorice, 4 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 1.5 parts of sweet wormwood, 0.5 part of polygonum cuspidatum, 3 parts of honeysuckle and 2 parts of houttuynia cordata according to parts by weight, drying respectively, crushing, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, and mixing to obtain a bait additive;
the comprehensive bait feeding time and feeding amount are as follows:
1-25 days: feeding the prawn larvae with the feed once every 4h, and feeding the prawn larvae 7 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 3 percent of the total weight of the prawn larvae;
feeding the feed once every 5h after 25 days, and feeding 5 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 4 percent of the total weight of the prawn seedlings;
feeding the prawn feed once every 6h after 50 days, and feeding the prawn feed 3 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 6 percent of the total weight of the prawn seedlings.
5. Water quality management: and (2) putting beneficial bacteria twice per week, and putting 0.5kg of beneficial bacteria in each mu, wherein the mass ratio of photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus and lactic acid bacteria in the beneficial bacteria is 2:4:1.5, controlling the transparency at 30-40cm, controlling the dissolved oxygen above 5mg/L, and controlling the pH value at 8.5.
6. And (6) harvesting.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that the bait additive was not used and the other steps and conditions were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is different from example 1 in that zostera marina was not transplanted and the other steps and conditions were the same as those of example 1.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 is different from example 1 in that no apostichopus japonicus was added and the other steps and conditions were the same as those of example 1.
TABLE 1 Penaeus monodon yield and prevention and treatment effects of prawn yellow head virus
Sample(s) Average body length/cm Average body weight/g Survival rate%
Example 1 16.5 60.8 93.6
Example 2 17.1 66.9 95
Example 3 17.8 71.6 96.8
Comparative example 1 13.4 40.2 81.3
Comparative example 2 14.8 45.5 82.7
Comparative example 3 15.0 48.1 83.2
As can be seen from the table 1, the antiviral capacity of the penaeus monodon is improved by combining the head-surrounding bait additive with the ecological environment of the stichopus japonicus, and the zostera marina is transplanted in the shrimp pond, so that the water quality can be purified, the substrate condition can be improved, the living bait can be enriched, the growth of the penaeus monodon can be promoted, and the ecological breeding environment can be formed by mixedly breeding with the stichopus japonicus.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiment and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (9)

1. A method for preventing and treating yellow head virus of prawn is characterized in that the yellow head virus is prevented and treated by feeding bait additive;
the bait additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
3-6 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 1-3 parts of pawpaw, 1-2 parts of liquorice, 2-4 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 0.5-1.5 parts of sweet wormwood, 0.5-2.5 parts of polygonum cuspidatum, 1-3 parts of honeysuckle and 2-3 parts of houttuynia cordata.
2. The method for preventing and treating the prawn yellow head virus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bait additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 3 parts of pawpaw, 2 parts of liquorice, 2 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 1 part of sweet wormwood, 1.5 parts of polygonum cuspidatum, 2 parts of honeysuckle and 3 parts of houttuynia cordata.
3. The method for preventing and treating the prawn yellow head virus according to claim 1, wherein the bait additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
6 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 2 parts of pawpaw, 1 part of liquorice, 3 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 0.5 part of sweet wormwood, 2.5 parts of polygonum cuspidatum, 1 part of honeysuckle and 2 parts of houttuynia cordata.
4. The method for preventing and treating the prawn yellow head virus according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, building a shrimp pond: clearing and disinfecting after the pond is built;
s2, establishing an ecological culture environment of shrimp, ginseng and algae: water is fed, basic bait is thrown, hooked shrimps and corophium acherusicum are transplanted to serve as biological bait, zostera marina is transplanted, and stichopus japonicus is thrown;
s3, selecting and putting shrimp fries: selecting strong prawn seedlings with uniform individual size, strong swimming force against water, high wall attachment rate, beautiful appearance and no abnormal color, and putting 2-3 thousands of prawn seedlings per mu;
s4, bait feeding: adding a bait additive into the basic bait according to the mass fraction of 2-5% to prepare comprehensive bait for feeding;
the preparation process of the bait additive comprises the following steps: weighing radix astragali, fructus Chaenomelis, glycyrrhrizae radix, eucommiae cortex, herba Artemisiae Annuae, rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati, flos Lonicerae and herba Houttuyniae in parts by weight, drying respectively, pulverizing, sieving with 40-60 mesh sieve, and mixing to obtain bait additive;
feeding the prawn with comprehensive bait;
s5, water quality management: beneficial bacteria are applied to regulate water quality;
the beneficial bacteria comprise photosynthetic bacteria, EM bacteria, bacillus and lactic acid bacteria, and the mass ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria to the bacillus to the lactic acid bacteria is (1-2): 1-4:0.5-1.5;
and S6, harvesting.
5. The method for preventing and treating the prawn yellow head virus as claimed in claim 4, wherein in S1, the pond depth is 2-2.5m, and the area is 2-5 mu.
6. The method for preventing and treating the prawn yellow head virus as claimed in claim 4, wherein in S4, the basic bait comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: 25% of soybean, 20% of fish meal, 13% of small trash fish, 5% of oyster, 12% of bean cake, 20% of bran and 5% of sea cucumber.
7. The method for preventing and treating the prawn yellow head virus according to claim 4, wherein in S4, the comprehensive bait feeding time and feeding amount are as follows:
1-25 days: feeding the prawn larvae with the feed once every 2 to 4 hours, and feeding the prawn larvae with the feed 4 to 7 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 1 to 3 percent of the total weight of the prawn larvae;
feeding the prawn larvae with the feed once every 3 to 5 hours after 25 days, and feeding the prawn larvae 3 to 5 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 2 to 4 percent of the total weight of the prawn larvae;
feeding the prawn larvae with the feed once every 6 hours after 50 days, wherein the feeding is performed for 1-3 times every day, and the daily feeding amount is 4-6% of the total weight of the prawn larvae.
8. The method for preventing and treating the prawn yellow head virus as recited in claim 4, wherein in S5, the water quality management specific process comprises: controlling the dissolved oxygen to be more than 5mg/L, the pH value to be 7.8-8.5, controlling the transparency to be 30-40cm, and feeding the beneficial bacteria for 1-2 times per week during the culture period, wherein the feeding amount of the beneficial bacteria is 0.3-0.5 kg/mu.
9. Use of the bait additive according to claim 1 for the control of yellowhead virus.
CN202211148078.9A 2022-09-20 2022-09-20 Control method and application of prawn yellow head virus Pending CN115336548A (en)

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