CN110292009A - The litopenaeus vannamei ecological breeding method regulated and controled based on biological feed and water quality biological - Google Patents
The litopenaeus vannamei ecological breeding method regulated and controled based on biological feed and water quality biological Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
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- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of litopenaeus vannamei ecological breeding method regulated and controled based on biological feed and water quality biological, includes the following steps: water process and bait training before (1) nursery；(2) young is laid；(3) nursery and regulating and controlling water quality and disease prevention and control management；(4) mark is thick, desalinates and emerges.The present invention provides the ecological breeding technology of 1 set " Micro Algae+artemia+probiotics+compound Chinese herb ", natural protein, microelement and minerals are provided for shrimp seedling, make shrimp seedling that there is stronger constitution and resistance, the ecological shrimp seedling individual of cultivation is big, neat specification, long speed is fast, forms rate height, method for culturing seedlings theory of the invention is advanced, scientific and reasonable, easy to implement, it is suitble to large-scale application in the nursery of the high health of litopenaeus vannamei, there is good Social benefit and economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture field, more particularly relate to it is a kind of regulated and controled based on biological feed and water quality biological it is all
Receive shore prawn ecological breeding method.
Background technique
In recent years, prawn culturing industry in China's rapidly develops, and Chinese prawn culturing area and yield account for about the 1/ of the world
3, the first in the world is occupied, litopenaeus vannamei is the maximum prawn culturing kind of China's cultured area；The shrimp seedling year of China needs at present
The amount of asking is about hundred million tail of 12000-13000, and the shrimp seedling demand of litopenaeus vannamei is about hundred million tail of 9500-10000.1992 with
Come, the outburst of various virosis, bacterial disease brings serious strike to the development of world's shrimp industry.
Litopenaeus vannamei delicious meat, processing dressing percentage may be up to 67%, and suitable temperature range is wide, can grow, fit at 18-32 DEG C
Salt range is also wide, can grow under the conditions of salinity 1-40 ‰, is a kind of excellent eurysalinity breed variety.Growth of Litopenaeus vannamei
Fastly, disease resistance is strong, has been increasingly becoming the main shrimps in culture kind of China coast and inland waters.Litopenaeus vannamei is in state
Inside and outside market price is high, develops Shrimp farming remarkable in economical benefits.While prawn industry high speed development, due to prawn seed-rearing
Industry threshold is low, and private individual workship, supervision do not lack yet for most prawn seed-rearing fields, and practitioner's self-disciplining is poor, nursery
Technical level level is uneven, and entire management process more by virtue of experience carries out, and the foundation for lacking science has with specification, row
The operation measure of effect, while the seedling-raising technique of industry leads to shrimp seedling unstable quality, especially there are still many insufficient and problems
Inferior shrimp seedling is full of cultivation market, seriously endangers the healthy and sustainable development of prawn culturing industry.At present in prawn seed-rearing process
In, there are the problem of include that critical technical parameter cannot achieve quantization, the Fluctuation of some processes index is difficult to grasp, adjust
Control, operational administrative is not scientific, and there is abuse of antibiotics, high temperature nursery, medicament residue, drugs to keep a full stand of seedings, carries virus and growth
The serious problems such as slow emerge one after another.To find out its cause, one is because nursery food quality and seedling water water quality are unstable
Problem.Traditional seedling raising manners be in closed nursery workshop using heat up and whole process feed by the way of commodity mixed feed into
Row, the nutrition of commodity mixed feed first do not have fresh and alive biological feed comprehensively and stablize, and in addition there is also mould for commodity mixed feed
Become, the disadvantage and risk that palatability difference and producer are adulterated, the above problem will lead to growth and development by metamorphosis during shrimp seed rearing
It is obstructed, slow growth pollutes water quality, breeds cause of disease etc..Second, to solve the above-mentioned problems, largely using disinfectant, antibiotic
Nursery water temperature is increased to 33 DEG C or more to improve larval metamorphosis survival rate and shortens the abnormal time by equal chemicals, leads to seedling
Kind of poor quality and cultivation premunition is low, survival rate is not high, and furthermore the use of disinfectant and antibiotic destroys the normal of seedling water
Flora, beneficial flora are difficult to form advantage, and the flora burst with drug resistance is grown, and finally make the pathogenic arc of seedling water
Bacterium sum level cannot be effectively controlled.
The ecological breeding method of the high health of litopenaeus vannamei refers to the natural biological bait for selecting prawn agreeable to the taste on bait
Material constructs the shrimp seed rearing environment of low temperature and certain illumination, and the biologies such as microorganism regulation, physical absorption are used in water treatment
Physical method, nursery each stage carry out disease prevention and control using Chinese herbal formula, do not use any antibiotic drug, cultivate
Individual is big, specification is uniform, energetic, resisting stress is high, do not carry specific pathogen (SPF), antibiotic-medicine-free remains and is suitble to
The ecological shrimp seedling of the high health of large-scale cultivation.The biological essences such as unicellular alga, artemia and all kinds of probiotics are
The key element of ecological breeding, wherein particular kind of Micro Algae is not only the suitable open-mouthed bait of prawn larvae, and can be net
Change water quality, safeguards benign breeding environment ecological circulation.The preferred Chaetoceros muelleri of inventor's use and Skeletonema Costatum etc. are extra large
Foreign unicellular alga belongs to high-quality high nutrition marine algae, has easily culture, and reproduction speed is fast, and nutritive value is high, and palatability is good
The advantages of, it is the good fresh food of prawn seed-rearing, and be suitble in Beibu Bay, guangxi sea area pilot scale culture.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome defect of the existing technology, provide a kind of based on biological feed and water quality biological
The ecological breeding method of the high health of the litopenaeus vannamei of regulation, establishes a set of " Micro Algae+artemia+probiotics+compound medium-height grass
The ecological breeding technology of medicine ".The ecological shrimp seedling of cultivation is significantly mentioned compared to the shrimp seedling that traditional commodities cooperation seedling material is cultivated, quality
It rises, does not carry specific pathogen and zero medicine is residual, shrimp seedling is healthy and strong, individual is big, neat specification, enteron aisle is wide and wriggling ability is strong, on the shrimp pool
Show that disease-resistant resistance is strong, long speed is fast, survival rate and forms the advantages that rate is high in large-scale cultivation.
To achieve the goals above, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
The ecological breeding method of the high health of the litopenaeus vannamei regulated and controled based on biological feed and water quality biological of the invention,
Include the following steps:
(1) work before nursery: by two-stage precipitation, second level sand filtration, twice micro-filtration and disinfection nursery pond in be put into through
The water of using of processing is crossed, full pool spilling head concentration is the calcium hydroxide solution of 10-20ppm, makes the pH value 8.2 ± 0.2 of water body, temperature
It is 28 DEG C, salinity is 28-30 ‰, and is passed through filtrated air, makes the DO value 5-7mg/L of water body；
(2) it lays the young: launching the breeding nauplius of health to water body, throw-in density is 200-250 tail/L；
(3) nursery and regulating and controlling water quality and disease prevention and control management:
(3-1) water temperature: N4 phase phase-Z2: 28 DEG C, Z2 phase phase-M2: 29 DEG C, M3 phase phase-P1: 30 DEG C:
(3-2) bait management: when 80% or more nauplius opening, the tender Micro Algae bait of work of fresh cultured 48h is launched
Material；The fresh Micro Algae bait of culture 3-5d is launched in the Magna shape phase, and in the Z3 phase of Magna shape phase and later plus throwing hatching 18-24h
Fresh and alive artemia larva, into post larval after feed the fresh and alive artemia of hatching culture 36-48h and be aided with the prawn slice of 20-30%；
(3-3) regulating and controlling water quality management: from M3 phase phase to acanthosoma nauplius stage N4 regular full pool spilling head zeolite powder, gemma
Bacillus and compound EM bacterium, and active dry yeast is put into, post larval full pool spilling head photosynthetic bacteria, sufficiently precipitating and degradation residual bait, excrement
Just equal organic pollutants achieve the effect that purify and stablize nursery water quality；
(3-4) disease prevention and control management: from N4 nauplius stage, M2 phase to acanthosoma phase full pool spilling head bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio；Oppossum shrimp
Phase phase M2-M3 adds Compound Chinese Herbs for Fatigue-Resistance of Animal to post larval in water body or in bait；The Compound Chinese Herbs for Fatigue-Resistance of Animal is by Radix Isatidis, Pu
The raw materials equivalent such as public English, polygonum cuspidate, Fructus Forsythiae, radix bupleuri, honeysuckle, Radix Astragali, turmeric, folium isatidis, sweet wormwood, Radix Codonopsis is prepared, will be upper
The water for stating 3-6 times of raw material gross weight of addition after raw material pulverizes, boils 5-10min, filters, takes filtrate, be cooled to room temperature, i.e.,
?；
(4) mark is thick, desalinates and emerges
Young shrimp is desalinated before selling according to client's cultivating condition, and daily salinity decrease amplitude is 3 ‰, when salinity decrease extremely
When 14 ‰ or less, every 1-2 days desalination 0.5-1.5 ‰, emergence selection carries out sooner or later, avoids exposure in sunshine and drenches with rain.
Preferably, in step (3) seedling raising process, the pH of water body is adjusted using the calcium hydroxide solution that concentration is 10-20ppm
Value is maintained at 8.2 ± 0.2, and the salinity for controlling water body is 28-30 ‰, and DO value is 5-7mg/L.
Preferably, the Micro Algae bait, including Chaetoceros muelleri, Skeletonema Costatum, blunt top spirulina, the sea Wei Shi chain
Algae, Isochrysis galbana, two or more the mixture in Dicrateria inornata.
Preferably, in the step (3-2), in Z3 phase and rear plus throwing artemia larva, the day feeding volume of Z3 phase is 5-
10 artemia larva/tails, the day feeding volume of M1-M3 phase are 10-20 artemia larva/tail, and the day feeding volume after the P1 phase is 40-60
Artemia/tail.
Preferably, when the Z3-M3 phase feeding fresh and alive artemia larva, 4 meal are fed daily, and daily Feeding time is 1:00,7:
00,13:00,19:00, each feeding volume are the 1/4 of day feeding volume.
Preferably, 6 meal are fed when feeding fresh and alive artemia after post larval, daily, daily Feeding time be 3:00,7:00,
11:00,15:00,19:00,23:00, each feeding volume are the 1/6 of day feeding volume.
Preferably, in the step (3-2), into after post larval, match in the prawn slice that the shrimp seedling mark thick stage is aided with 20-30%
Bait material, prawn slice feeding volume are million tail of 30-80g/.
Preferably, it in the step (3-2), when nauplius development by metamorphosis to Z1 phase is up to 80% or more, launches and cultivates
The tender Micro Algae of the work of 48h is open, and the throw-in density of control Micro Algae bait is 0.5-1.5 × 107A/L.
Preferably, in the step (3-3), zeolite powder, bacillus subtilis and active dry yeast, zeolite powder are launched daily
Injected volume be 1-2ppm, continued to use after being spaced 2-3 days after being used in conjunction 3 days；The throw-in density of bacillus subtilis is 200-400
×108/m3；The injected volume of active dry yeast is 1.25-2.0g/L；It continuously splashes daily compound EM bacterium in acanthosoma, dosage is
1.5-3ppm；Post larval full pool spilling head photosynthetic bacteria 1-2ppm, splashes 1 time, can be used continuously for every 2 days.
Preferably, in the step (3-4), the density of splashing of bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio is 100 × 108/m3, launching frequency is 2
Times/day, it is used in conjunction 5 days, interval continues to use after 3 days.
Preferably, in the step (3-4), the complex Chinese herbal medicine is used in bait when spice, and dosage is
0.3-0.5ppm 1 day 1 time, is used in conjunction 2 two days, and interval continues to use for 2-3 days；It splashes in water body, dosage 1-1.5ppm sprinkles
Spilling frequency is 1 day 1 time, is used in conjunction 2 two days, and interval continues to use after 3-5 days.
Preferably, in the seedling raising process of step (3-3), chlorella, flat algae, Oocystis Borgei etc. are launched to seedling water
Any one or more than one miniature green alga carries out regulating and controlling water quality, injected volume 0.2-0.5ppm.
It is the crude drug source of Compound Chinese Herbs for Fatigue-Resistance of Animal of the present invention below:
Radix Isatidis is the dry root of cruciferae isatis Isatis indigotica Fort..Hardship is trembled with fear.Heat-clearing solution
Poison, cool blood relieving sore-throat.For febrile virulent maculae, tongue is dark reddish purple dark, mumps, sore throat, scarlet fever, major part pestilence, erysipelas, carbuncle swells.
Dandelion, Classification system Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz., composite family, Dandelion perennial grass
This plant.Alias dandelion, Po Poding, Hua Hualang etc..It is bitter, sweet, it trembles with fear.It is clearing heat and detoxicating, diuresis dissipating bind.Acute mastitis is controlled,
Adenolymphitis, scrofula, boil poisonous soreness, acute conjunctivitis, cold, fever, acute tonsillitis, acute bronchitis, gastritis, liver
Inflammation, cholecystitis, urinary tract infections.
Polygonum cuspidate is the dry rhizome and root of polygonaceae plant polygonum cuspidate Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc..
Slight bitter, it is slightly cold.Removing dampness through diuresis and removing jaundice, clearing heat and detoxicating, removing blood stasis and acesodyne is relieving cough and reducing sputum.For jaundice with damp-heat pathogen, stranguria with turbid discharge, leukorrhagia, rheumatism numbness
Bitterly, carbuncle sore tumefacting virus, scald, menostasis, abdominal mass, instep beat damage, cough with lung heat.
Fructus Forsythiae is the dry fruit of Oleaceae plants Fructus Forsythiae Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl.Hardship, it is micro-
It is cold.It is clearing heat and detoxicating, dispersing swelling and dissipating binds.For ulcer, scrofula, acute mastitis, erysipelas, anemopyretic cold, warm disease is from the beginning of warm is joined the army, high fever
Polydipsia, coma macular eruption, heat gonorrhea renal shutdown.
Radix bupleuri is the dry rhizome of umbelliferae bupleurum.It is bitter, flat, it is nontoxic.Return liver, gallbladder channel.It is tied in main trusted subordinate's stomach
Gas, diet accumulation, fever and chills perverse trend, weeding through the old to new.For cold, fever, fevers and chills alternate, malaria, liver depression and qi stagnation, chest and rib distending pain, take off
Anus, uterus fall off, irregular menstruation.
Honeysuckle is caprifoliaceae plant honeysuckle Lonicerajaponica Thunb., lonicera hypoglauca miq Lonicera
Hypoglauca Miq., Honeysuckle flower (hair calyx honeysuckle) Lonicera confusa DC. or hair style honeysuckle Lonicera
The dry flower of dasystyla Rehd. or with the flower just opened.It is sweet, it trembles with fear.It is clearing heat and detoxicating, wind-heat dissipating.For carbuncle swells furunculosis, larynx
Numbness, erysipelas, toxic-heat and blood stasis, wind-heat cold, warm disease and fever.
Radix Astragali, the entitled Leguminosae of Latin, alias astragali, northern alpine yarrow, Astragalus, be leguminous herbaceous plant's astragalus mongolicus,
The dry root of Astragalus membranacus.It is warm-natured, sweet in flavor, slightly sweet.With with invigorating qi, consolidating exterior, promoting urination and detoxification, apocenosis, the work of expelling pus and promoting granulation
With.
Turmeric is the dry rhizome of zingiberaceous plant turmeric Curcuma longa L..It is pungent, bitter, temperature.Breaking blood and promoting the circulation of qi, promoting menstruation
Analgesic.It is twinged for chest side of body, amenorrhoea , wei lump in the abdomen, rheumatism shoulder arm pain, tumbling and swelling.
Folium isatidis is the dried leaf of cruciferae isatis Isatis indigotica Fort..Hardship is trembled with fear.Return heart,
Stomach meridian.It is clearing heat and detoxicating, blood cooling and ecchymoses removing.It joins the army for warm heresy, unconsciousness due to high fever, spot dermexanthesis, jaundice, hot dysentery, mumps, sore throat, pellet
Poison, carbuncle swells.
Sweet wormwood is the dry aerial parts of compositae plant artemisia annua Artemisia annua L..Bitter, acrid, cold.Pyrolysis
Heat, except steaming, preventing malaria.It generates heat for summer-heat evil, fever due to yin deficiency, night fever abating at dawn, hectic fever due to yin labor heat, malaria fever and chills, jaundice with damp-heat pathogen.
Radix Codonopsis is Campanulaceae Radix Codonopsis Codonopsispilosula (Franch.) Nannf., codonopsis pilosula var. modesta (western party
Ginseng) Codonopsispilosula Nannf.var.modesta (Nannf.) L.T.Shen or radix codonpsis tangshen Codonopsis
The dry root of tangshen Oliv..Sweet and neutral.Can tonifying middle-Jiao and Qi, strengthening spleen and tonifying lung.For spleen and lung weakness, shortness of breath and palpitation, deficiency of food is just
Sugar, virtual asthma cough, Heat Diabetes.
The present invention is by adopting the above-described technical solution, have the advantages that
1, inventor uses ecological principle, by endogenous natural biological bait, and constructs in nursery pond complete, flat
Weighing apparatus and the circulative ecosystem, establish the ecological breeding technology of 1 set " Micro Algae+artemia+probiotics+compound Chinese herb ", select
With Chaetoceros muelleri, Skeletonema Costatum, blunt top spirulina, Wei Shi hailian seaweed, Isochrysis galbana, Dicrateria inornata, artemia, beneficial organism
Viable bacteria etc. is used as bait, provides natural protein, microelement and minerals for shrimp seedling, and shrimp seedling is made to have stronger constitution
And resistance, it effectively avoids because being completely dependent on water pollution and disease caused by feeding exogenous commodity cooperation seedling material, effectively
Improve shrimp seedling quality.Screening obtains each key problem in technology parameter of shrimp seedling biological breeding, including temperature, salinity, cultivate it is close
Degree, vibrios and water quality monitoring indication range and the combination of suitable unicellular alga and feed strategy etc..The ecological shrimp seedling phase of cultivation
Than the shrimp seedling that traditional commodities cooperation seedling material is cultivated, quality is significantly improved, does not carry specific pathogen and zero medicine is residual, and shrimp seedling is strong
Strong, individual is greatly, neat specification, enteron aisle is wide and wriggling ability is strong, and it is strong, long that disease-resistant resistance is shown in the large-scale cultivation of the shrimp pool
Fast fast, survival rate and form the advantages that rate is high.
2, inventor establishes ecological breeding water treatment technology, is guaranteed by stringent 6-7 grade water treatment technology early period
The requirement of nursery fine water utilizes the biological characteristics of artemia, probiotics and Micro Algae to carry out ecological type purification of water quality, guarantees
Water quality excellent and stablize in entire seedling raising process.Seedling water accomplishes that zero drug adds completely, has been completely free of to antibiosis
The dependence of the drugs such as element establishes a kind of healthy, ecology nursery mode, more ecological, environmentally friendly, safe.
3, inventor also added in seedling water or bait it is a variety of have effects that disease-resistant compound Chinese medicine extract component, rise
To conditioning enteron aisle, enhancing seedling body immunity, kill in vivo and water body in pathogen the effects of, effectively improve its disease resistance and at
Motility rate promotes shrimp seedling growth, increases nursery production economy benefit.
4, inventor also respectively becomes litopenaeus vannamei paedomorphosis and shrimp seed rearing by the time sequencing that larval metamorphosis is developed
The state phase has carried out morphological feature microexamination, compares the subtle morphological differences of difference larval stage and each seedling stage, to carry out its seed
Breeding production provides reference.
It can be seen that method for culturing seedlings theory of the invention is advanced, and it is scientific and reasonable, it is easy to implement, it is suitably applied scale
The nursery production of the high health of litopenaeus vannamei, has good Social benefit and economic benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is influence of the different temperatures to litopenaeus vannamei survival rate of seedling；
Fig. 2 is influence of the different salinity to litopenaeus vannamei survival rate of seedling；
Fig. 3 is influence of the different cultivation density to litopenaeus vannamei survival rate of seedling；
Fig. 4 is influence of the different bait to litopenaeus vannamei survival rate of seedling；
Fig. 5 is litopenaeus vannamei nauplius stage morphological feature microexamination picture；
Fig. 6 is litopenaeus vannamei zoea larva phase morphological feature microexamination picture；
Fig. 7 is litopenaeus vannamei mysis stage morphological feature microexamination picture；
Fig. 8 is litopenaeus vannamei post larval morphological feature microexamination picture；
Fig. 9 is to be trained in the litopenaeus vannamei shrimp seedling of the method for the present invention cultivation to the picture of juvenile prawn.
Specific embodiment
To keep the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more apparent, enumerate preferred embodiment below, to the present invention into
One step is described in detail.However, it is necessary to illustrate, many details listed in specification are used for the purpose of making reader to the present invention
One or more aspects have a thorough explanation, these of the invention also may be implemented even without these specific details
Aspect.
Embodiment 1
The ecological breeding method of the high health of the litopenaeus vannamei regulated and controled based on biological feed and water quality biological of the invention,
Include the following steps:
(1) it works before nursery:
(1-1) uses water process: after selecting high tide level and fine water period extracting seawater to precipitate 24 hours into the obscure shallow lake pool,
It is evacuated to 1.2 meters of thickness, 100 mesh fine sand and carries out sand filtration, precipitated 14 hours subsequently into dark sedimentation basin, later by full-automatic water
Reason system (fine sand filter-Protein Separation-ozonization-ultraviolet-sterilization) purification enters vehicle after 2 layers of cotton filter bag (5 μm of apertures) filtering
Between nursery pond, then weigh water body of uniformly splashing after being washed by rubbing with the hands after the molten water of 20ppm calcium lime powder with 200 mesh sieve tulles bags, it is sufficiently heavy
Shallow lake suspended matter, sterilization increase water transparency, under state of stopping the supple of gas or steam precipitating disinfection for 24 hours, then using multilayer absorbent cotton filter to
The horizontal ultrafilter of the general stainless steel of 3000L Aiwa (0.01 micron of ultrafiltration membrane filter element), the seawater come out from ultrafilter enter new educate
Miao Chi, as seedling water；
(1-2) water quality adjustment: concentration of splashing is the calcium hydroxide solution of 10ppm, makes the pH value 8.2 of water body, temperature is
30 DEG C, salinity is 28 ‰, and is passed through filtrated air, makes the DO value 4.5mg/L of water body；
(2) it lays the young: launching the nauplius of high-quality health to water body, throw-in density is 100 tails/L；
(3) nursery and regulating and controlling water quality and disease prevention and control management:
(3-1) water temperature: N4 phase phase-Z2: 28 DEG C, Z2 phase phase-M2: 29 DEG C, M3 phase phase-P1: 30 DEG C:
(3-2) bait management: when nauplius open amount reaches 80%, the tender unit cell of work of fresh cultured 48h is launched
Algae bait, specially Chaetoceros muelleri 0.25 × 107A/L, Dicrateria inornata 0.25 × 107A/L；Into after Magna Z3 phase shape phase
Add throwing artemia, the day feeding volume of Z3 phase is 5 artemia/tails, and the day feeding volume of M1-M3 phase is 10 artemia/tails, is thrown the day of P1 phase
The amount of feeding is 40 artemia/tails；
When feeding artemia bait Z3 phase phase-M3, the fresh and alive artemia larva of selection hatching 18h feeds 4 daily when feeding
Meal, daily Feeding time are 1:00,7:00,13:00,19:00, and each feeding volume is the 1/4 of day feeding volume；
When the P1 phase feeding artemia bait, the fresh and alive artemia by artemia ovum hatching for 24 hours is selected, feeds 6 meal daily, thrown daily
Feeding the time is 3:00,7:00,11:00,15:00,19:00,23:00, and each feeding volume is the 1/6 of day feeding volume；
The prawn slice for adding throwing 20% into the post larval mark thick stage, feeding density is million tail of 30g/；
(3-3) regulating and controlling water quality management: from nauplius stage to acanthosoma, daily full pool spilling head zeolite powder, bacillus and
Compound EM bacterium, bacillus and EM bacterium dosage are 1ppm, and zeolite powder continues to use after being spaced 2 days after being used in conjunction 3 days, and puts into work
Property dry ferment, the injected volume of active dry yeast is 1.25g/L, into every 2 days full pool spilling heads, 1 photosynthetic bacteria of post larval, dosage
For 1ppm；
The prevention and control management of (3-4) disease: it from N4 nauplius stage, M2 phase to acanthosoma phase full pool spilling head bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio, splashes
Density is 100 × 108/m3, frequency is 2 times/day, is used in conjunction 5 days, interval continues to use after 3 days；Phase acanthosoma M2-M3 is to post larval
It splashes in water body Compound Chinese Herbs for Fatigue-Resistance of Animal, dosage 1ppm；The Compound Chinese Herbs for Fatigue-Resistance of Animal is by Radix Isatidis, dandelion, polygonum cuspidate, company
Stick up, radix bupleuri, honeysuckle, Radix Astragali, turmeric, folium isatidis, sweet wormwood, the raw materials equivalent such as Radix Codonopsis are prepared, by above-mentioned raw materials Ultramicro-powder
3 times of raw material gross weight of water is added after broken, boils 5min, filters, takes filtrate, be cooled to room temperature to get；
(4) mark is thick, desalinates and emerges
Young shrimp is desalinated before selling according to client's cultivating condition, and daily salinity decrease amplitude is 3 ‰, when salinity decrease extremely
When 14 ‰ or less, desalination 0.5 ‰ daily, emergence should select to carry out sooner or later, avoid exposure in sunshine and drench with rain.
Embodiment 2
The ecological breeding method of the high health of the litopenaeus vannamei regulated and controled based on biological feed and water quality biological of the invention,
Include the following steps:
(1) it works before nursery:
(1-1) uses water process: after selecting high tide level and fine water period extracting seawater to precipitate 24 hours into the obscure shallow lake pool,
It is evacuated to 1.2 meters of thickness, 100 mesh fine sand and carries out sand filtration, precipitated 14 hours subsequently into dark sedimentation basin, later by full-automatic water
Reason system (fine sand filter-Protein Separation-ozonization-ultraviolet-sterilization) purification enters vehicle after 2 layers of cotton filter bag (5 μm of apertures) filtering
Between nursery pond, then weigh water body of uniformly splashing after being washed by rubbing with the hands after the molten water of 20ppm calcium lime powder with 200 mesh sieve tulles bags, it is sufficiently heavy
Shallow lake suspended matter, sterilization increase water transparency, under state of stopping the supple of gas or steam precipitating disinfection for 24 hours, then using multilayer absorbent cotton filter to
The horizontal ultrafilter of the general stainless steel of 3000L Aiwa (0.01 micron of ultrafiltration membrane filter element), the seawater come out from ultrafilter enter new educate
Miao Chi, as seedling water；
(1-2) water body is adjusted: concentration is splashed for the calcium hydroxide solution of 12ppm in pond, makes the pH value 8.3 of water body, temperature
It is 30 DEG C, salinity is 29 ‰, and is passed through filtrated air, makes the DO value 5.5mg/L of water body；
(2) it lays the young: launching the nauplius of high-quality health to water body, throw-in density is 125 tails/L；
(3) nursery and regulating and controlling water quality and disease prevention and control management:
(3-1) water temperature: N4 phase phase-Z2: 28 DEG C, Z2 phase phase-M2: 29 DEG C, M3 phase phase-P1: 30 DEG C:
(3-2) bait management: when nauplius open amount reaches 85%, the tender unit cell of work of fresh cultured 48h is launched
Algae bait, specially Chaetoceros muelleri 0.75 × 107A/L, Isochrysis galbana 0.75 × 107A/L；Into Z3 phase zoea larva phase
Later plus artemia is thrown, the day feeding volume of Z3 phase is 6 artemia/tails, and the day feeding volume of M1-M3 phase is 12 artemia/tails, the P1 phase
Day feeding volume is 45 artemia/tails；
When feeding artemia bait Z3 phase phase-M3, the fresh and alive artemia larva of selection hatching 19h feeds 4 daily when feeding
Meal, daily Feeding time are 1:00,7:00,13:00,19:00, and each feeding volume is the 1/4 of day feeding volume；
When the P1 phase feeding artemia bait, selection feeds 6 meal by the fresh and alive artemia of artemia ovum hatching 25h daily, throws daily
Feeding the time is 3:00,7:00,11:00,15:00,19:00,23:00, and each feeding volume is the 1/6 of day feeding volume；
The prawn slice for adding throwing 23% into the post larval mark thick stage, feeding density is million tail son shrimp of 40g/；
(3-3) regulating and controlling water quality management: from nauplius stage to acanthosoma, daily full pool spilling head zeolite powder, bacillus and
Compound EM bacterium, bacillus and EM bacterium dosage are 1.2ppm, and zeolite powder continues to use after being spaced 3 days after being used in conjunction 3 days, and puts into
The injected volume of active dry yeast, active dry yeast is 1.4g/L, into every 2 days full pool spilling heads, 1 photosynthetic bacteria of post larval, dosage
For 1.8ppm；
The prevention and control management of (3-4) disease: it from N4 nauplius stage, M2 phase to acanthosoma phase full pool spilling head bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio, splashes
Density is 100 × 108/m3, frequency is 2 times/day, is used in conjunction 5 days, interval continues to use after 3 days；Phase acanthosoma M2-M3 is to post larval
It splashes in water body Compound Chinese Herbs for Fatigue-Resistance of Animal, dosage 1.2ppm；The Compound Chinese Herbs for Fatigue-Resistance of Animal is by Radix Isatidis, dandelion, polygonum cuspidate, company
Stick up, radix bupleuri, honeysuckle, Radix Astragali, turmeric, folium isatidis, sweet wormwood, the raw materials equivalent such as Radix Codonopsis are prepared, by above-mentioned raw materials Ultramicro-powder
3.6 times of raw material gross weight of water is added after broken, boils 6min, filters, takes filtrate, be cooled to room temperature to get；Seedling raising process every
It launches the chlorella of 0.2ppm to water body；
(4) mark is thick, desalinates and emerges
Young shrimp is desalinated before selling according to client's cultivating condition, and daily salinity decrease amplitude is 3 ‰, when salinity decrease extremely
When 14 ‰ or less, desalination 0.7 ‰ daily, emergence should select to carry out sooner or later, avoid exposure in sunshine and drench with rain.
Embodiment 3
The ecological breeding method of the high health of the litopenaeus vannamei regulated and controled based on biological feed and water quality biological of the invention,
Include the following steps:
(1) it works before nursery:
(1-1) uses water process: after selecting high tide level and fine water period extracting seawater to precipitate 24 hours into the obscure shallow lake pool,
It is evacuated to 1.2 meters of thickness, 100 mesh fine sand and carries out sand filtration, precipitated 14 hours subsequently into dark sedimentation basin, later by full-automatic water
Reason system (fine sand filter-Protein Separation-ozonization-ultraviolet-sterilization) purification enters vehicle after 2 layers of cotton filter bag (5 μm of apertures) filtering
Between nursery pond, then weigh water body of uniformly splashing after being washed by rubbing with the hands after the molten water of 20ppm calcium lime powder with 200 mesh sieve tulles bags, it is sufficiently heavy
Shallow lake suspended matter, sterilization increase water transparency, under state of stopping the supple of gas or steam precipitating disinfection for 24 hours, then using multilayer absorbent cotton filter to
The horizontal ultrafilter of the general stainless steel of 3000L Aiwa (0.01 micron of ultrafiltration membrane filter element), the seawater come out from ultrafilter enter new educate
Miao Chi, as seedling water；
(1-2) water body is adjusted: concentration is splashed for the calcium hydroxide solution of 14ppm in pond, makes the pH value 8.4 of water body, temperature
It is 30 DEG C, salinity is 30 ‰, and is passed through filtrated air, makes the DO value 5.5mg/L of water body；
(2) it lays the young: launching the nauplius of high-quality health to water body, throw-in density is 150 tails/L；
(3) nursery and regulating and controlling water quality and disease prevention and control management:
(3-1) water temperature: N4 phase phase-Z2: 28 DEG C, Z2 phase phase-M2: 29 DEG C, M3 phase phase-P1: 30 DEG C:
(3-2) bait management: when nauplius open amount reaches 72%, the tender unit cell of work of fresh cultured 48h is launched
Algae bait, specially Skeletonema Costatum 0.5mg/L, blunt top spirulina 0.25mg/L；After into Z3 phase zoea larva phase plus throw
Artemia, the day feeding volume of Z3 phase are 7 artemia/tails, and the day feeding volume of M1-M3 phase is 14 artemia/tails, the day feeding volume of P1 phase
For 48 artemia/tails；
When feeding artemia bait Z3 phase phase-M3, the fresh and alive artemia larva of selection hatching 20h feeds 4 daily when feeding
Meal, daily Feeding time are 1:00,7:00,13:00,19:00, and each feeding volume is the 1/4 of day feeding volume；
When the P1 phase feeding artemia bait, selection feeds 6 meal by the fresh and alive artemia of artemia ovum hatching 27h daily, throws daily
Feeding the time is 3:00,7:00,11:00,15:00,19:00,23:00, and each feeding volume is the 1/6 of day feeding volume；
The prawn slice for adding throwing 25% into the post larval mark thick stage, feeding density is million tail son shrimp of 50g/；
(3-3) regulating and controlling water quality management: from nauplius stage to acanthosoma, daily full pool spilling head zeolite powder, bacillus and
Compound EM bacterium, bacillus and EM bacterium dosage are 1.4ppm, and zeolite powder continues to use after being spaced 3 days after being used in conjunction 3 days, and puts into
Active dry yeast, the injected volume of active dry yeast are 1.55g/L, into every 2 days full pool spilling heads, 1 photosynthetic bacteria of post larval, are used
Amount is 2.0ppm；
The prevention and control management of (3-4) disease: it from N4 nauplius stage, M2 phase to acanthosoma phase full pool spilling head bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio, splashes
Density is 100 × 108/m3, frequency is 2 times/day, is used in conjunction 5 days, interval continues to use after 3 days；Phase acanthosoma M2-M3 is to post larval
It splashes in water body Compound Chinese Herbs for Fatigue-Resistance of Animal, dosage 1.3ppm；The Compound Chinese Herbs for Fatigue-Resistance of Animal is by Radix Isatidis, dandelion, polygonum cuspidate, company
Stick up, radix bupleuri, honeysuckle, Radix Astragali, turmeric, folium isatidis, sweet wormwood, the raw materials equivalent such as Radix Codonopsis are prepared, by above-mentioned raw materials Ultramicro-powder
4 times of raw material gross weight of water is added after broken, boils 7min, filters, takes filtrate, be cooled to room temperature to get；Seedling raising process every other day
The chlorella of 0.1ppm and the Oocystis Borgei of 0.3ppm are launched to water body；
(4) mark is thick, desalinates and emerges
Young shrimp is desalinated before selling according to client's cultivating condition, and daily salinity decrease amplitude is 3 ‰, when salinity decrease extremely
When 14 ‰ or less, desalination 0.9 ‰ daily, emergence should select to carry out sooner or later, avoid exposure in sunshine and drench with rain.
Embodiment 4
The ecological breeding method of the high health of the litopenaeus vannamei regulated and controled based on biological feed and water quality biological of the invention,
Include the following steps:
(1) it works before nursery:
(1-1) uses water process: after selecting high tide level and fine water period extracting seawater to precipitate 24 hours into the obscure shallow lake pool,
It is evacuated to 1.2 meters of thickness, 100 mesh fine sand and carries out sand filtration, precipitated 14 hours subsequently into dark sedimentation basin, later by full-automatic water
Reason system (fine sand filter-Protein Separation-ozonization-ultraviolet-sterilization) purification enters vehicle after 2 layers of cotton filter bag (5 μm of apertures) filtering
Between nursery pond, then weigh water body of uniformly splashing after being washed by rubbing with the hands after the molten water of 20ppm calcium lime powder with 200 mesh sieve tulles bags, it is sufficiently heavy
Shallow lake suspended matter, sterilization increase water transparency, under state of stopping the supple of gas or steam precipitating disinfection for 24 hours, then using multilayer absorbent cotton filter to
The horizontal ultrafilter of the general stainless steel of 3000L Aiwa (0.01 micron of ultrafiltration membrane filter element), the seawater come out from ultrafilter enter new educate
Miao Chi, as seedling water；
(1-2) water body is adjusted: concentration is splashed for the calcium hydroxide solution of 16ppm in pond, makes the pH value 8.1 of water body, temperature
It is 30 DEG C, salinity is 28 ‰, and is passed through filtrated air, makes the DO value 6mg/L of water body；
(2) it lays the young: launching the nauplius of high-quality health to water body, throw-in density is 180 tails/L；
(3) nursery and regulating and controlling water quality and disease prevention and control management:
(3-1) water temperature: N4 phase phase-Z2: 28 DEG C, Z2 phase phase-M2: 29 DEG C, M3 phase phase-P1: 30 DEG C:
(3-2) bait management: when nauplius open amount reaches 75%, the tender unit cell of work of fresh cultured 48h is launched
Algae bait, specially Skeletonema Costatum 0.6mg/L, Chaetoceros muelleri 0.3 × 107A/L；Into after Z3 phase zoea larva phase
Add throwing artemia, the day feeding volume of Z3 phase is 8 artemia/tails, and the day feeding volume of M1-M3 phase is 16 artemia/tails, is thrown the day of P1 phase
The amount of feeding is 52 artemia/tails；
When feeding artemia bait Z3 phase phase-M3, the fresh and alive artemia larva of selection hatching 21h feeds 4 daily when feeding
Meal, daily Feeding time are 1:00,7:00,13:00,19:00, and each feeding volume is the 1/4 of day feeding volume；
When the P1 phase feeding artemia bait, selection feeds 6 meal by the fresh and alive artemia of artemia ovum hatching 29h daily, throws daily
Feeding the time is 3:00,7:00,11:00,15:00,19:00,23:00, and each feeding volume is the 1/6 of day feeding volume；
The prawn slice for adding throwing 27% into the post larval mark thick stage, feeding density is million tail son shrimp of 60g/；
(3-3) regulating and controlling water quality management: from nauplius stage to acanthosoma, daily full pool spilling head zeolite powder, bacillus and
Compound EM bacterium, bacillus and EM bacterium dosage are 1.6ppm, and zeolite powder continues to use after being spaced 2 days after being used in conjunction 3 days, and puts into
The injected volume of active dry yeast, active dry yeast is 1.6g/L, into every 2 days full pool spilling heads, 1 photosynthetic bacteria of post larval, dosage
For 2.2ppm；
The prevention and control management of (3-4) disease: it from N4 nauplius stage, M2 phase to acanthosoma phase full pool spilling head bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio, splashes
Density is 100 × 108/m3, frequency is 2 times/day, is used in conjunction 5 days, interval continues to use after 3 days；Phase acanthosoma M2-M3 is to post larval
Compound Chinese Herbs for Fatigue-Resistance of Animal, dosage 0.3ppm are added in bait；The Compound Chinese Herbs for Fatigue-Resistance of Animal is by Radix Isatidis, dandelion, polygonum cuspidate, company
Stick up, radix bupleuri, honeysuckle, Radix Astragali, turmeric, folium isatidis, sweet wormwood, the raw materials equivalent such as Radix Codonopsis are prepared, by above-mentioned raw materials Ultramicro-powder
4.5 times of raw material gross weight of water is added after broken, boils 8min, filters, takes filtrate, be cooled to room temperature to get；Seedling raising process every
It launches the flat algae of 0.2ppm and the Oocystis Borgei of 0.3ppm to water body；
(4) mark is thick, desalinates and emerges
Young shrimp is desalinated before selling according to client's cultivating condition, and daily salinity decrease amplitude is 3 ‰, when salinity decrease extremely
When 14 ‰ or less, desalination 1.2 ‰ in every 2 days, emergence should select to carry out sooner or later, avoid exposure in sunshine and drench with rain.
Embodiment 5
The ecological breeding method of the high health of the litopenaeus vannamei regulated and controled based on biological feed and water quality biological of the invention,
Include the following steps:
(1) it works before nursery:
(1-1) uses water process: after selecting high tide level and fine water period extracting seawater to precipitate 24 hours into the obscure shallow lake pool,
It is evacuated to 1.2 meters of thickness, 100 mesh fine sand and carries out sand filtration, precipitated 14 hours subsequently into dark sedimentation basin, later by full-automatic water
Reason system (fine sand filter-Protein Separation-ozonization-ultraviolet-sterilization) purification enters vehicle after 2 layers of cotton filter bag (5 μm of apertures) filtering
Between nursery pond, then weigh water body of uniformly splashing after being washed by rubbing with the hands after the molten water of 20ppm calcium lime powder with 200 mesh sieve tulles bags, it is sufficiently heavy
Shallow lake suspended matter, sterilization increase water transparency, under state of stopping the supple of gas or steam precipitating disinfection for 24 hours, then using multilayer absorbent cotton filter to
The horizontal ultrafilter of the general stainless steel of 3000L Aiwa (0.01 micron of ultrafiltration membrane filter element), the seawater come out from ultrafilter enter new educate
Miao Chi, as seedling water；
(1-2) water body is adjusted: concentration is splashed for the calcium hydroxide solution of 18ppm in pond, makes the pH value 8.0 of water body, temperature
It is 30 DEG C, salinity is 28 ‰, and is passed through filtrated air, makes the DO value 6.5mg/L of water body；
(2) it lays the young: launching the nauplius of high-quality health to water body, throw-in density is 200 tails/L；
(3) nursery and regulating and controlling water quality and disease prevention and control management:
(3-1) water temperature: N4 phase phase-Z2: 28 DEG C, Z2 phase phase-M2: 29 DEG C, M3 phase phase-P1: 30 DEG C:
(3-2) bait management: when nauplius open amount reaches 90%, the tender unit cell of work of fresh cultured 48h is launched
Algae bait, specially Skeletonema Costatum 0.35mg/L, Chaetoceros muelleri 0.55 × 107A/L；Into Z3 phase zoea larva phase with
Afterwards plus artemia is thrown, the day feeding volume of Z3 phase is 9 artemia/tails, and the day feeding volume of M1-M3 phase is 18 artemia/tails, the day of P1 phase
Feeding volume is 56 artemia/tails；
When feeding artemia bait Z3 phase phase-M3, the fresh and alive artemia larva of selection hatching 23h feeds 4 daily when feeding
Meal, daily Feeding time are 1:00,7:00,13:00,19:00, and each feeding volume is the 1/4 of day feeding volume；
When the P1 phase feeding artemia bait, selection feeds 6 meal by the fresh and alive artemia of artemia ovum hatching 30h daily, throws daily
Feeding the time is 3:00,7:00,11:00,15:00,19:00,23:00, and each feeding volume is the 1/6 of day feeding volume；
Throwing 27% is added to be prawn slice into the post larval mark thick stage, feeding density is million tail son shrimp of 70g/；
(3-3) regulating and controlling water quality management: from nauplius stage to acanthosoma, daily full pool spilling head zeolite powder, bacillus and
Compound EM bacterium, bacillus and EM bacterium dosage are 1.8ppm, and zeolite powder continues to use after being spaced 2 days after being used in conjunction 3 days, and puts into
The injected volume of active dry yeast, active dry yeast is 1.8g/L, into every 2 days full pool spilling heads, 1 photosynthetic bacteria of post larval, dosage
For 2.5ppm；
The prevention and control management of (3-4) disease: it from N4 nauplius stage, M2 phase to acanthosoma phase full pool spilling head bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio, splashes
Density is 100 × 108/m3, frequency is 2 times/day, is used in conjunction 5 days, interval continues to use after 3 days；Phase acanthosoma M2-M3 is to post larval
Compound Chinese Herbs for Fatigue-Resistance of Animal, dosage 0.4ppm are added in bait；The Compound Chinese Herbs for Fatigue-Resistance of Animal is by Radix Isatidis, dandelion, polygonum cuspidate, company
Stick up, radix bupleuri, honeysuckle, Radix Astragali, turmeric, folium isatidis, sweet wormwood, the raw materials equivalent such as Radix Codonopsis are prepared, by above-mentioned raw materials Ultramicro-powder
5.5 times of raw material gross weight of water is added after broken, boils 9min, filters, takes filtrate, be cooled to room temperature to get；Seedling raising process every
It launches flat algae, the chlorella of 0.1ppm and the Oocystis Borgei of 0.2ppm of 0.2ppm to water body；
(4) mark is thick, desalinates and emerges
Young shrimp is desalinated before selling according to client's cultivating condition, and daily salinity decrease amplitude is 3 ‰, when salinity decrease extremely
When 14 ‰ or less, desalination 1.4 ‰ in every 2 days, emergence should select to carry out sooner or later, avoid exposure in sunshine and drench with rain.
Embodiment 6
The ecological breeding method of the high health of the litopenaeus vannamei regulated and controled based on biological feed and water quality biological of the invention,
Include the following steps:
(1) it works before nursery:
(1-1) uses water process: after selecting high tide level and fine water period extracting seawater to precipitate 24 hours into the obscure shallow lake pool,
It is evacuated to 1.2 meters of thickness, 100 mesh fine sand and carries out sand filtration, precipitated 14 hours subsequently into dark sedimentation basin, later by full-automatic water
Reason system (fine sand filter-Protein Separation-ozonization-ultraviolet-sterilization) purification enters vehicle after 2 layers of cotton filter bag (5 μm of apertures) filtering
Between nursery pond, then weigh water body of uniformly splashing after being washed by rubbing with the hands after the molten water of 20ppm calcium lime powder with 200 mesh sieve tulles bags, it is sufficiently heavy
Shallow lake suspended matter, sterilization increase water transparency, under state of stopping the supple of gas or steam precipitating disinfection for 24 hours, then using multilayer absorbent cotton filter to
The horizontal ultrafilter of the general stainless steel of 3000L Aiwa (0.01 micron of ultrafiltration membrane filter element), the seawater come out from ultrafilter enter new educate
Miao Chi, as seedling water；
(1-2) water body is adjusted: concentration is splashed for the calcium hydroxide solution of 20ppm in pond, makes the pH value 8.2 of water body, temperature
It is 30 DEG C, salinity is 29 ‰, and is passed through filtrated air, makes the DO value 7mg/L of water body；
(2) it lays the young: launching the nauplius of high-quality health to water body, throw-in density is 280 tails/L；
(3) nursery and regulating and controlling water quality and disease prevention and control management:
(3-1) water temperature: N4 phase phase-Z2: 28 DEG C, Z2 phase phase-M2: 29 DEG C, M3 phase phase-P1: 30 DEG C:
(3-2) bait management: when nauplius open amount reaches 85%, the tender unit cell of work of fresh cultured 48h is launched
Algae bait, specially Chaetoceros muelleri 0.6mg/L, Wei Shi hailian seaweed 0.15mg/L；After into Z3 phase zoea larva phase plus throw
Artemia, the day feeding volume of Z3 phase are 10 artemia/tails, and the day feeding volume of M1-M3 phase is 20 artemia/tails, is fed the day of P1 phase
Amount is 60 artemia/tails；
When feeding artemia bait Z3 phase phase-M3, the fresh and alive artemia larva of selection hatching for 24 hours feeds 4 daily when feeding
Meal, daily Feeding time are 1:00,7:00,13:00,19:00, and each feeding volume is the 1/4 of day feeding volume；
When the P1 phase feeding artemia bait, selection feeds 6 meal by the fresh and alive artemia of artemia ovum hatching 32h daily, throws daily
Feeding the time is 3:00,7:00,11:00,15:00,19:00,23:00, and each feeding volume is the 1/6 of day feeding volume；
The prawn slice for adding throwing 30% into the post larval mark thick stage, feeding density is million tail son shrimp of 80g/；
(3-3) regulating and controlling water quality management: from nauplius stage to acanthosoma, daily full pool spilling head zeolite powder, bacillus and
Compound EM bacterium, bacillus and EM bacterium dosage are 2ppm, and zeolite powder continues to use after being spaced 2 days after being used in conjunction 3 days, and puts into work
Property dry ferment, the injected volume of active dry yeast is 2g/L, and into every 2 days full pool spilling heads, 1 photosynthetic bacteria of post larval, dosage is
3ppm；
The prevention and control management of (3-4) disease: it from N4 nauplius stage, M2 phase to acanthosoma phase full pool spilling head bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio, splashes
Density is 100 × 108/m3, frequency is 2 times/day, is used in conjunction 5 days, interval continues to use after 3 days；Phase acanthosoma M2-M3 is to post larval
Compound Chinese Herbs for Fatigue-Resistance of Animal, dosage 0.5ppm are added in bait；The Compound Chinese Herbs for Fatigue-Resistance of Animal is by Radix Isatidis, dandelion, polygonum cuspidate, company
Stick up, radix bupleuri, honeysuckle, Radix Astragali, turmeric, folium isatidis, sweet wormwood, the raw materials equivalent such as Radix Codonopsis are prepared, by above-mentioned raw materials Ultramicro-powder
6 times of raw material gross weight of water is added after broken, boils 10min, filters, takes filtrate, be cooled to room temperature to get；In seedling raising process every 2
It launches flat algae, the chlorella of 0.3ppm and the egg capsule algae of 0.1ppm of 0.1ppm to water body；
(4) mark is thick, desalinates and emerges
Young shrimp is desalinated before selling according to client's cultivating condition, and daily salinity decrease amplitude is 3 ‰, when salinity decrease extremely
When 14 ‰ or less, desalination 1.5 ‰ in every 2 days, emergence should select to carry out sooner or later, avoid exposure in sunshine and drench with rain.
High health ecological breeding condition optimizing test
Temperature, salinity, cultivation density and bait are the important factors for influencing litopenaeus vannamei nursery, directly affect shrimp seedling
It grows and survives.This test uses 5 gradient design of single-factor, inquires into temperature, salinity, cultivates density, bait to litopenaeus vannamei
The influence of survival rate of seedling.
1 material and method
Place, litopenaeus vannamei nauplius, bait are provided by Guangxi aquatic science research institute, are tested in Guangxi aquatic products
Research institute's litopenaeus vannamei Breeding Center base carries out, and young kind is " osmanthus sea 1 ".Test water is derived from base warp
Cross the obscure shallow lake of second level, three-level sand filtration, organic matter separation, ozone and ultraviolet disinfection and the spare seawater of the aeration of hyperfiltration treatment
The fresh water of (pH8.0 ± 0.2, sea water specific gravity 1.020) and fine filtering.Test takes liquor natrii hypochloritis to sterilize with seawater, quiet
It sets overnight, next day dechlorination.
Using bait: the commodity such as Chaetoceros muelleri (CM), Skeletonema Costatum (SC), blunt top spirulina powder (SP), prawn slice are matched
Close seedling material (FD mainly has double-colored prawn slice, pearl BP, powder shrimp member, BK505), artemia.
1.1 humid test
Temperature gradient is respectively 24-26 DEG C, 26-28 DEG C, 28-30 DEG C, 30-32 DEG C, 32-34 DEG C, other conditions be salinity
30-32 ‰, pH8.2 ± 0.2,200 tails of larya culturing density/L, heating three phases are respectively N4-Z2, Z2-M3, M3-P1.
The test of 1.2 salinity
Salinity gradient is respectively 15 ‰, 20 ‰, 25 ‰, 30 ‰, 35 ‰.Water temperature is controlled respectively in N4-Z2:28 DEG C, Z2-
M3:28 DEG C, M3-P1:30 DEG C, pH8.2 ± 0.2,200 tails of larya culturing density/L.
1.3 cultivate density test
Density gradient is respectively 100 tails/L, 200 tails/L, 300 tails/L, 500 tails/L, 1000 tails/L, and water temperature controls respectively
N4-Z2:28 DEG C, Z2-M3:29 DEG C, M3-P1:30 DEG C, salinity 30-32 ‰, pH8.2 ± 0.2.
The test of 1.4 bait
Bait level is respectively CM, SC, CM+SC, SC+FD, SP+FD, and water temperature is controlled respectively in N4-Z2:28 DEG C, Z2-M3:
29 DEG C, M3-P1:30 DEG C, salinity 30-32 ‰, pH8.2 ± 0.2,200 tails of larya culturing density/L.
The inflow of each test group is 4/5 (V/V) when on-test, whole later to keep identical water.During test,
DO value continues to increase in seedling raising process, controls between 5-7mg/L.The young 80% starts to feed bait, Z3 later period after being open
Start to feed artemia, daily 4 meal, feeding the bait time is 7:00,13:00,19:00,1:00, feeds the fore-and-aft observing young and ingests
And drag just situation.Daily monitoring temperature and salinity keep temperature and salinity index constant.Feed situation such as table 1,2,3, test knot
Fruit is shown in Table 4-7 and Fig. 1-4.
Each stage bait feeding type of 1 temperature of table, salinity test group and density
Each stage bait feeding type of 2 density test group of table and density
Each stage bait feeding type of 3 bait test group of table and density
Note: CM unit cell density is 107Cells/L, SC, SP, FD density unit are mg/L, and SC is dry weight.
Influence of the temperature to each stage juvenile abnormal time and survival rate during 4 nursery of table
Note: MT: the abnormal time, SR: as a result survival rate indicates (n=with average and the standard deviation (STDEV) of the processing
3) data alphabet difference person indicates that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in, not going together in table
Influence of the salinity to each stage juvenile abnormal time and survival rate during 5 nursery of table
Note: MT: the abnormal time, SR: as a result survival rate indicates (n=with average and the standard deviation (STDEV) of the processing
3) data alphabet difference person indicates that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in, not going together in table
Influence of the cultivation density to each stage juvenile abnormal time and survival rate during 6 nursery of table
Note: MT: the abnormal time, SR: as a result survival rate indicates (n=with average and the standard deviation (STDEV) of the processing
3) data alphabet difference person indicates that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in, not going together in table
Influence of the bait to larval metamorphosis time and survival rate during 7 nursery of table
1.4 detection method
1.4.1 survival rate and abnormal time
Microscopy is carried out using microscope Nikon-E100, its form and developmental state is observed, the abnormal stage is judged, when abnormal
Between.It is counted with the young of the water body rule of three to each period of metamorphosis, with 500mL beaker from water surface inflation boiling place sampling, often
A every 2 glasss of calculating average values of sub-sampling of test bucket, after with sediments microscope inspection, each puberty 80%-90% completes abnormal
After counted, the ratio of the abnormal individual of metamorphosis process observation and start the abnormal time.
Survival rate=residue the young quantity of each stage/initial young quantity × 100%
2 results and analysis
Different temperatures influences significant (P < 0.05) to the survival rate of litopenaeus vannamei it can be seen from table 4 and Fig. 1.28-30
High survival rate reaches under the conditions of DEG C, and 47.6%, vigor is preferable, under the conditions of 32-34 DEG C, survival rate minimum 19.2%；Lower temperature
Group (26-28 DEG C and 24-26 DEG C) high survival rate is in higher temperature group (30-32 DEG C and 32-34 DEG C).In N4-P1 whole process,
Survival rate at 28-30 DEG C is always maintained at highest survival rate, therefore can consider that 28-30 DEG C is that litopenaeus vannamei ecological breeding is most suitable
Close temperature.Such as table 5, different temperatures is significant to litopenaeus vannamei metamorphosis time effects.N4-P1 nursery is as the result is shown: temperature is higher,
The abnormal time is shorter.
Different salinity influences significant (P < 0.05) to the survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei young it can be seen from table 5 and Fig. 2.
During ecological breeding, 15 ‰, 20 ‰ saline environments are not suitable for litopenaeus vannamei larval growth, and 25 ‰, 30 ‰, 35 ‰ are suitble to
It grows, 30 ‰ planting percent highest.As shown in table 6, different salinity it is not significant to the abnormal time effects of litopenaeus vannamei (P >
0.05)；The survival rate of different developmental phases survival rate significant difference (P < 0.05), 25 ‰ each stages of development is minimum, and 30 ‰
At most, 35 ‰ take second place opening；35 ‰ survival rate highest of the Magna shape phase young, 30 ‰ take second place；30 ‰ survival rate highest of acanthosoma, 35 ‰
Take second place.
As shown in table 6 and Fig. 3, different densities influence significant (P < 0.05) to the survival rate of litopenaeus vannamei.100 tails/L goes out
Seedling rate is up to 39.8%, and 1000 tails/L emergence rate is minimum.In entire seedling raising process, 300 tails/L cultivation density young is opened
At most, 200 tails/L survival rate is maximum before the Magna shape phase, 100 tails/L emergence rate highest for mouth.Table 7 shows that cultivation density is received to all before M3
The abnormal time of shore prawn does not make significant difference, and in M3-P1 metamorphosis process, 1000 tails/L cultivation density just significantly affects vannamei boone
The abnormal time of prawn, the cultivation density before 1000 tails/L do not make significant difference to the abnormal time.
As shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 4, different bait influence significantly litopenaeus vannamei survival rate of seedling, and different bait are received to all
The abnormal time effects of shore prawn are not significant (P > 0.05).CM+SC group reaches maximum survival rate 37.2%, SP+FD group survival rate
Minimum 20.2%, followed by CM group > SC+FD group > SC group.Table 8 shows that be open the phase: SP+FD survival rate is minimum, with CM group nothing
Outside larger difference, with other group of significant difference；The flea shape phase: CM group and CM+SC group are both high-survival rate groups without significant difference, SC
Group and SC+FD group are low survival rate group, and the two is also without larger difference.Acanthosoma: two groups of survival rate highests of CM group and CM+SC group,
SC group, SC+FD group and SP+FD group three survival rate are without significant difference, 50% or so.In the entire seedling raising process of CM+SC group
Survival rate highest, young vigor is best, is the best bait combination of this nursery.
Under ecological breeding mode, low temperature nursery effect is significantly better than high temperature nursery, controlled at 28-30 DEG C, salinity
It is that 100-300 tail/L can obtain optimal survival rate of seedling for 30%, cultivation density.Chaetoceros muelleri can be used as optimal aperture bait
Material, addition Chaetoceros muelleri are remarkably improved the survival rate of litopenaeus vannamei, and collocation Skeletonema Costatum effect is more significant, and emerges
Rate is significantly higher than using man-made feeds.
Claims (9)
1. the litopenaeus vannamei ecological breeding method regulated and controled based on biological feed and water quality biological, which is characterized in that including as follows
Step:
(1) it works before nursery: being put into the nursery pond by two-stage precipitation, second level sand filtration, twice micro-filtration and disinfection by place
Reason uses water, and full pool spilling head concentration is the calcium hydroxide solution of 10-20ppm, makes the pH value 8.2 ± 0.2 of water body, temperature 28
DEG C, salinity is 28-30 ‰, and is passed through filtrated air, makes the DO value 5-7mg/L of water body；
(2) it lays the young: launching the breeding nauplius of health to water body, throw-in density is 200-250 tail/L；
(3) nursery and regulating and controlling water quality and disease prevention and control management:
(3-1) water temperature: N4 phase phase-Z2: 28 DEG C, Z2 phase phase-M2: 29 DEG C, M3 phase phase-P1: 30 DEG C:
(3-2) bait management: when 80% or more nauplius opening, the tender Micro Algae bait of work of fresh cultured 48h is launched；?
The Magna shape phase launches the fresh Micro Algae bait of culture 3-5d, and hatches the fresh and alive of 18-24h in the Z3 phase of Magna shape phase and later plus throwing
Artemia larva, into post larval after feed the fresh and alive artemia of hatching culture 36-48h and be aided with the prawn slice of 20-30%；
(3-3) regulating and controlling water quality management: from M3 phase phase to acanthosoma nauplius stage N4 regular full pool spilling head zeolite powder, bacillus
With compound EM bacterium, and active dry yeast is put into, post larval full pool spilling head photosynthetic bacteria, sufficiently precipitating and degradation residual bait, excrement etc.
Organic pollutant achievees the effect that purify and stablizes nursery water quality；
(3-4) disease prevention and control management: from N4 nauplius stage, M2 phase to acanthosoma phase full pool spilling head bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio；Acanthosoma
The M2-M3 phase adds Compound Chinese Herbs for Fatigue-Resistance of Animal to post larval in water body or in bait；The Compound Chinese Herbs for Fatigue-Resistance of Animal is by Radix Isatidis, Pu Gong
The raw materials equivalent such as English, polygonum cuspidate, Fructus Forsythiae, radix bupleuri, honeysuckle, Radix Astragali, turmeric, folium isatidis, sweet wormwood, Radix Codonopsis is prepared, will be above-mentioned
3-6 times of raw material gross weight of water is added in raw material after pulverizing, boil 5-10min, filters, takes filtrate, be cooled to room temperature, i.e.,
?；
(4) mark is thick, desalinates and emerges
Young shrimp is desalinated before selling according to client's cultivating condition, and daily salinity decrease amplitude is 3 ‰, when salinity decrease to 14 ‰
When following, every 1-2 days desalination 0.5-1.5 ‰, emergence selection carries out sooner or later, avoids exposure in sunshine and drenches with rain.
2. the litopenaeus vannamei ecological breeding method according to claim 1 regulated and controled based on biological feed and water quality biological,
It is characterized in that, being protected in step (3) seedling raising process using the pH value that the calcium hydroxide solution that concentration is 10-20ppm adjusts water body
The salinity held 8.2 ± 0.2, and control water body is 28-30 ‰, and DO value is 5-7mg/L.
3. the litopenaeus vannamei ecological breeding method according to claim 1 regulated and controled based on biological feed and water quality biological,
It is characterized in that, the Micro Algae bait, including Chaetoceros muelleri, Skeletonema Costatum, blunt top spirulina, Wei Shi hailian seaweed, etc.
Whip chrysophyceae, two or more the mixture in Dicrateria inornata.
4. the litopenaeus vannamei ecological breeding method according to claim 1 regulated and controled based on biological feed and water quality biological,
It is characterized in that, in Z3 phase and rear plus throwing artemia larva, the day feeding volume of Z3 phase is 5-10 item in the step (3-2)
Artemia larva/tail, the day feeding volume of M1-M3 phase are 10-20 artemia larva/tail, and the day feeding volume after the P1 phase is 40-60 halogen
Worm/tail.
5. the litopenaeus vannamei ecological breeding method according to claim 1 regulated and controled based on biological feed and water quality biological,
It is characterized in that, into after post larval, being aided with the prawn slice of 20-30% with bait in the shrimp seedling mark thick stage in the step (3-2)
Material, prawn slice feeding volume are million tail of 30-80g/.
6. the litopenaeus vannamei ecological breeding method according to claim 1 regulated and controled based on biological feed and water quality biological,
It is characterized in that, in the step (3-2), when nauplius development by metamorphosis to Z1 is up to 80% or more, the work for cultivating 48h is launched
Tender Micro Algae is open, and the throw-in density of control Micro Algae bait is 0.5-1.5 × 107A/L.
7. the litopenaeus vannamei ecological breeding method according to claim 1 regulated and controled based on biological feed and water quality biological,
It is characterized in that, launching zeolite powder, bacillus subtilis and active dry yeast, the throwing of zeolite powder daily in the step (3-3)
It is high-volume 1-2ppm, is continued to use after being spaced 2-3 days after being used in conjunction 3 days；The throw-in density of bacillus subtilis be 200-400 ×
108/m3；The injected volume of active dry yeast is 1.25-2.0g/L；The dosage of continuous compound EM bacterium of splashing daily is after acanthosoma
1.5-3ppm；Post larval full pool spilling head photosynthetic bacteria 1-2ppm, splashes 1 time, can be used continuously for every 2 days.
8. the litopenaeus vannamei ecological breeding method according to claim 1 regulated and controled based on biological feed and water quality biological,
It is characterized in that, the density of splashing of bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio is 100 × 10 in the step (3-4)8/m3, launching frequency is 2 times/day,
It is used in conjunction 5 days, interval continues to use after 3 days.
9. the litopenaeus vannamei ecological breeding method according to claim 1 regulated and controled based on biological feed and water quality biological,
It is characterized in that, the complex Chinese herbal medicine is used in bait when spice, dosage 0.3- in the step (3-4)
0.5ppm 1 day 1 time, is used in conjunction 2 two days, and interval continues to use for 2-3 days；It splashes in water body, dosage 1-1.5ppm, frequency of splashing
Rate is 1 day 1 time, is used in conjunction 2 two days, and interval continues to use after 3-5 days.
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| CN112913966A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-08 | 广东国联海洋生物科技研究院有限公司 | Method for producing freeze-dried preparation of sea chain algae |
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| CN114680083A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-01 | 重庆医科大学 | Preparation method and application of sterile fairy shrimp |
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