CN115336420B - Integrated detection device for bottom view synthetic aperture and near-bottom view double-swath interference imaging - Google Patents
Integrated detection device for bottom view synthetic aperture and near-bottom view double-swath interference imaging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The integrated detection device for the bottom view synthetic aperture and near bottom view double swath interference imaging comprises an antenna system, a bottom view receiving and transmitting assembly, a near bottom view receiving and transmitting assembly, a radio frequency synthesizer, a time sequence and linear frequency modulation source, a signal processor, a communication unit and a power supply unit, realizes the height measurement of the bottom view synthetic aperture and the near bottom view interference imaging, realizes the integrated integration of a bottom view synthetic aperture height measurement channel and a near bottom view width swath interference imaging channel, and realizes the high-precision high-resolution height measurement, the high-resolution wide swath three-dimensional imaging and the sea-land two-dimensional imaging of the sea surface. The detection device realizes multipurpose observation, is used for ocean remote sensing observation, gives consideration to sea ice and land hydrological observation, can be applied to ocean geophysical research, ocean dynamics research, ocean climate and environment monitoring and the like, and can be applied to acquisition of ocean current data required by naval vessel navigation, high-precision gravitational field measurement required by nuclear submarine cruising, medium-and-long range ballistic missile shooting ground level surface measurement, offshore military surveying and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite radar altimeters.
Background
At present, ocean remote sensing detection devices developed and transmitted at home and abroad mainly comprise altimeters, scatterometers, radiometers and the like, wherein the altimeters are mainly classified into 3 types in the aspect of height measurement technology, the first type of altimeters mainly adopt a full-deskew technology, bottom video dual-frequency detection and the like, the height measurement precision can reach the measurement precision of a cm level, but the space resolution is not high (in a km level) due to too large footprints, the ocean remote sensing detection device can only be applied to ocean large-scale observation, and middle-scale and small-scale ocean observation cannot be carried out. In addition, due to the adoption of a bottom-view detection method, only a subsatellite point region can be observed, the swath is narrow, and the data rate of ocean time and space observation is low. Such altimeters are therefore essentially only used on marine satellites to monitor the sea. The second type of altimeter mainly adopts a bottom view synthetic aperture method, realizes the sharpening of azimuth beams by performing Doppler sharpening and delay compensation processing on a plurality of echoes, greatly improves the forward-orbit resolution, and is used for ocean and sea ice shelf observation and the like. The altimeter only solves the problem of low along-rail resolution, but the observation of the swath is narrow due to the adoption of a bottom-looking detection method, so that small-scale observation in wide swath areas of oceans and lands cannot be realized, and the further improvement of the performance of the altimeter is limited. The 3 rd type altimeter mainly adopts a synthetic aperture technology and an interference measurement method, has the functions of high-precision height measurement of oceans, wide swath high-resolution three-dimensional imaging and medium and small-scale observation, and gives consideration to land application. The altimeters adopting the height measuring method comprise a WSOA altimeter and a SWOT altimeter of NASA, wherein the WSOA altimeter adopts a small-angle (near bottom view) interference measuring method, two antennas are arranged and are respectively positioned at two ends of a satellite, measuring ranges are respectively arranged on the sea surface in 100km ranges at two sides of a ground track, although the observation swath is greatly improved, a real-aperture technical mode is adopted in the forward direction, and the resolution of a surface element in the forward direction is not improved. Many scientists have proposed improvements on the basis of WSOA, wherein HM plan (hydrogen Mapper) is to add synthetic aperture processing in azimuth direction on the basis of WSOA technology, so that high-precision three-dimensional imaging height measurement is realized under 1km × 1km of bin resolution. The european space proposed the WatER program in 2005 for hydrological processing of altimeters. In 2007, NASA and CNES combine two plans to form a SWOT scientific working group, and SWOT adopts interference and synthetic aperture technologies, so that observation swath and spatial resolution are greatly improved during ocean observation, but the SWOT is limited during land application. WSOA and SWOT are therefore only suitable for marine and land hydrological observations.
The research of altimeters in China has also been carried out for nearly two decades, and on the basis of missile-borne and airborne altimeters, the research of satellite-borne altimeters is carried out, such as units of Chinese academy space center, the eight institute of aerospace science and technology 802, and the three institute of aerospace science and technology 35. An altimeter is carried on an SZ-4 flying boat, and certain data are obtained for the first altimeter for realizing space remote sensing in China. The HY-2 satellite is the first marine satellite model for sea surface remote sensing by formally applying a radar altimeter, and the main load of the HY-2 satellite realizes the technology and performance of a third-generation altimeter. In the aspect of high-resolution wide swath measurement of a radar altimeter, research work of a three-dimensional imaging altimeter is carried out at the space center of Chinese academy of sciences, interference and synthetic aperture technologies are adopted, but wide swath measurement can be carried out only on one side of a satellite, integration of a bottom view altimeter is not considered, and requirements on stability and orbit determination precision of a satellite platform are high.
In the patent aspect, zhang Yunhua and Jiang Jingshan of the research center of space science and application of the Chinese academy of sciences apply for a patent-a radar altimeter system compatible with sea and land and capable of three-dimensional imaging and a design method (publication number: CN 1301968A) on the basis of the research of a three-dimensional imaging altimeter, and according to the description of the patent, the height measuring device is mainly characterized in that: (1) 1.5-2 degrees off the zenith, and the limited working mode of wave beams is adopted, so that the ground swath can be increased, and the distance resolution can be obtained; (2) The aperture synthesis technology is adopted in the azimuth direction, so that the azimuth resolution is improved; (3) Obtaining coherent information and height information of a resolution unit from the coherent information by adopting a double-antenna coherent technology; (4) The method comprises the steps of obtaining average earth surface (sea surface and land) height and sea level effective wave height information in a pulse limited mode by adopting a height measuring method of a traditional altimeter; (5) And designing a height tracker irrelevant to the echo model by adopting a height tracking algorithm deviating from the gravity center point, so as to realize sea-land compatibility of the altimeter. The technical implementation approach mainly comprises: (1) The imaging processor adopts the non-focusing aperture synthesis technology to improve the resolution of the azimuth direction; (2) The bandwidth of the transmitted signal is changed according to three different working modes of sea, sea ice and land. The bandwidth of the marine mode signal is the widest, the sea ice mode is the second time, and the bandwidth of the land mode is the smallest; (3) The height tracking is in real time and the three-dimensional imaging process is in non-real time. The altimeter adopts interference and synthetic aperture technology, but three working modes of an altimeter mode, an SAR mode and an INSAR mode are realized by mode switching and changing an irradiation mode, a signal waveform, a receiving mode and a signal processing algorithm, a control system is complex, only one mode can be used at any time, only width swath measurement can be carried out on one side of a satellite, and integration of a bottom view altimeter is not considered.
In addition, the space science of Chinese academy of sciences and application research center Wang Zhisen, permit, yang Shuangbao and Liu and light pair sub-aperture radar altimeter is researched, and a utility model-a sub-aperture radar altimeter (publication number: CN 2914111Y) is applied, according to the description of the patent, the utility model comprises a timing unit, a frequency modulation signal generating unit, an up-conversion amplifying unit, a power amplifying unit, an antenna, a low noise amplifying unit, a down-conversion amplifying unit, a phase detection unit, a digital processing unit, an echo tracking unit, a first mixer, a second mixer and a de-local oscillator.
With the development of ocean research, global topographic and geomorphic surveying and mapping and military application, high requirements are provided for the aspects of observation space scale, observation swath, height measurement precision, functional diversity and the like of the spaceborne radar altimeter. The altimeter has high-precision height measurement capability, wider swath measurement capability, better spatial resolution capability and multiple functions, and is the development direction of the satellite-borne radar altimeter in the future.
Therefore, there is a need to enhance the research of the integrated detection device capable of realizing the bottom view synthetic aperture height measurement and the near bottom view dual swath interference imaging.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an integrated detection device for interference imaging of a bottom view synthetic aperture and a near bottom view double swath, which meets the requirements of multifunctional height measurement, two-dimensional imaging, three-dimensional imaging and the like for oceans and lands, effectively solves the high-resolution wide swath measurement of parameters such as sea surface height, effective wave height, sea surface back scattering coefficient and the like, and realizes sea ice, near coast and land hydrological observation and three-dimensional imaging observation of oceans lands.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the detection device combines a synthetic aperture technology, an altimeter technology and an interference imaging technology, and consists of a bottom view antenna, a bottom view transceiving component, a near bottom view interference antenna, a near bottom view transceiving component, a radio frequency synthesizer, a time sequence and linear frequency modulation source, a signal processor, a communication unit and a power supply unit, so that the bottom view synthetic aperture height measurement and the near bottom view interference imaging are realized.
The bottom view synthetic aperture height measurement channel adopts a small footprint bottom view synthetic aperture detection system shared by antenna transceiving to obtain high spatial resolution, and the resolution of azimuth direction is improved from several kilometers to about 100m at the track height of 800 km-1000 km, so that the effects of small and medium scale marine observation, offshore observation, ice frame observation, land hydrological observation and land height measurement are more obvious.
The high-precision high-resolution height measurement is realized by the bottom view synthetic aperture height measurement channel, the traditional pulse limiting mode is improved into the combination of cross-track pulse limitation and forward-track beam limitation, the irradiation energy in the beam can be fully utilized, the distance correction after the synthetic aperture is carried out, the multi-view processing and accumulation are realized, the system power consumption is favorably reduced, the influence of sea clutter spot noise on the measurement precision is reduced, meanwhile, the Doppler center estimation is brought by the processing of the synthetic aperture in the azimuth direction, the antenna center pointing error in the azimuth direction can be estimated, the correction of the antenna pointing error value is realized, and meanwhile, the measurement precision of a sea surface backscatter system is improved.
The near-bottom view interferometric imaging channel adopts a two-channel short-baseline interferometric synthetic aperture detection system, and two sides along the rail direction are observed by adopting two swaths, so that the swath observation width is greatly improved, the swath reaches more than 120km, meanwhile, three-dimensional imaging observation is carried out with the spatial resolution of 1km multiplied by 1km, the sea surface space-time sampling rate is greatly improved, and the problem that the former satellite-borne altimeter device cannot observe hundreds of kilometers of ocean current change conditions is solved;
the integrated integration of the bottom view and the near bottom view is realized by adopting module sharing, hardware integration and information fusion multiplexing, so that the integrated integration of the bottom view synthetic aperture height measurement and the near bottom view interference imaging channel is realized, and the comprehensive height measurement precision under two observation modes is improved. The bottom view provides an observation reference for the near bottom view and makes up a gap for the near bottom view. The roll angle of the near-bottom view is estimated and corrected, necessary parameters can be provided for correcting the pointing direction of the bottom view antenna, and the accuracy of measuring the scattering coefficient of the bottom view is improved;
the detection device realizes multipurpose observation, gives consideration to sea ice and land hydrological observation while being applied to ocean remote sensing observation, and the bottom view synthetic aperture height measurement combination has high-precision and high-resolution height measurement capability, so that the detection device can be applied to ocean observation, and can be used for observation of near seashore, sea ice racks, land water areas and the like; the near-base view interference imaging combination has functions of quasi-real-time two-dimensional imaging and three-dimensional elevation acquisition, and the dual-swath observation capability enables the swath width observed by the near-base view interference imaging combination to be about twice of the swath width observed by the near-base view interference imaging combination of the near-base view interference imaging combination and the dual-swath observation capability, so that the swath width observed by the near-base view interference imaging combination is the same as the swath width observed by the traditional space-borne SAR/INSAR, and the near-base view interference imaging combination can be applied to small-scale observation (such as ocean currents, vortexes and the like) of oceans and land hydrology observation and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the observation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the system components of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described below by using preferred embodiments, but the following embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention.
With reference to fig. 1 and 2, the integrated detection device for bottom view synthetic aperture and near bottom view dual swath interference imaging in fig. 2 includes an antenna system, a bottom view synthetic aperture height measurement combination, a near bottom view dual swath interference imaging combination, a signal processing combination, a data transmission interface, and the like, wherein the antenna system, the bottom view transceiving combination and the near bottom view transceiving combination are integrated.
The antenna system comprises a pair of bottom-view antennas and two pairs of near-bottom-view interference antennas. The bottom view antenna is a ka wave band parabolic antenna and irradiates a sub-satellite point area; the near-bottom view interference antenna is two pairs of ku-band plane reflection array antennas, a simultaneous irradiation mode of a left area and a right area deviating from a nadir point is adopted, a dual-beam dual-polarization technology is adopted by each antenna, and the left side and the right side of a satellite nadir point can be simultaneously irradiated by each antenna, so that wide dual-swath observation is realized.
The bottom view synthetic aperture height measurement combination adopts a broadband linear frequency modulation pulse compression system and the receiving and transmitting shared detection of a bottom view antenna, antenna wave beams are observed vertically to the ground to effectively cover a satellite nadir observation area, a receiver adopts a full-deskew receiving mode and carries out high-speed acquisition on echo waves, a signal processor processes the acquired data, and the processing process comprises the steps of distance pulse pressure, azimuth FFT, doppler parameter estimation, doppler center frequency correction, along-orbit direction antenna misdirection angle estimation, delay compensation, observation strip multi-view processing, observation parameter maximum likelihood estimation, transmission error correction and the like. Through the synthetic aperture processing in the azimuth direction, the radar irradiation footprint is reduced, the data utilization rate is further improved through time delay compensation and multi-view processing, the influence of ocean or land noise on the high accuracy of measurement is reduced, and the high-accuracy information such as the sea surface average height, the effective wave height, the backscattering coefficient and the land elevation can be acquired under the bottom view condition. In order to reduce the influence of atmospheric transmission errors on measurement, the Ka band is adopted for detection. The near-bottom-view double-swath interference imaging combination adopts a double-channel detection mode of a small-incidence-angle short-baseline interference antenna, wherein a main channel is shared by receiving and transmitting, and an auxiliary channel is single-receiving. And after the signal processor acquires the echo waves at a high speed, preprocessing such as filtering, distance pulse pressure and the like is completed, and the preprocessed data is subjected to speed reduction processing and then is downloaded to a ground system. The ground system carries out three-dimensional interference imaging processing such as two-dimensional imaging and motion compensation, image registration, phase noise reduction filtering, phase unwrapping, multi-view processing, water body identification and classification, and the final ground sea surface elevation information and the final two-dimensional image information are formed.
The bottom view synthetic aperture height measurement combination and the near bottom view double-swath interference imaging combination share the frequency synthesis, the time sequence and linear frequency modulation source, the signal processor and the communication link interface. The two combinations work independently at the same time, and different working frequency bands, antenna irradiation modes, observation areas, echo signal receiving modes, signal processing methods and the like are adopted. The functions are mutually complemented, and the wide-swath high-resolution sea surface three-dimensional observation is realized.
The technical indexes of the detection device are as follows:
(1) The height is 900km, and the swath width is more than 100km;
(2) The resolution of the ocean height finding surface element is 500m multiplied by 500m; the single-view imaging average resolution is 40m multiplied by 40m;
(3) The height measurement precision of the resolution unit (within 1s data) is better than 8cm when the effective wave height is less than 2m, better than 15cm when the effective wave height is less than 4m, and the bottom view forward-rail resolution is better than 100m;
(4) The measurement precision of the bottom-view detection effective wave height is 0.5m;
and (3) measuring the height precision: (within 1s of data), the effective wave height is better than 2cm when less than 2 m;
backscattering coefficient measurement accuracy: 0.5dB, and the measuring range is 0dB to +40dB.
The functional composition and the working mode of the detection device are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 functional composition and mode of operation
The above examples are only for illustrating the present invention, and other embodiments of the present invention are possible besides the above embodiments, and all technical solutions formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent modification fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The integrated detection device of the interference imaging of the bottom view synthetic aperture and the near bottom view double swaths comprises: the device realizes the integration of a bottom view synthetic aperture height measuring channel and a near bottom view wide swath interference imaging channel, and realizes the high-precision high-resolution height measuring, high-resolution wide swath three-dimensional imaging and sea-land two-dimensional imaging of the sea surface;
the antenna system comprises a pair of bottom view antennas and two pairs of near bottom view interference antennas; the bottom view antenna is a ka wave band parabolic antenna; the near-bottom view interference antenna is two pairs of ku-band plane reflection array antennas, a simultaneous irradiation mode of a left area and a right area which deviate from a nadir point is adopted, a dual-beam dual-polarization technology is adopted for each antenna, and the left side and the right side of a satellite nadir point are simultaneously irradiated by each antenna, so that wide dual-swath observation is realized;
the near-bottom-view double-swath interference imaging combination adopts double-channel detection of a small-incidence-angle short-baseline interference antenna, wherein a main channel is shared by receiving and transmitting, and an auxiliary channel adopts single receiving; the signal processor processes the high-speed sampling data of the bottom view echo and the near bottom view echo, completes height measurement, tracking and two-dimensional imaging preprocessing, and realizes the speed reduction of the sampling data and then downloads the sampling data to a ground system; the ground system carries out three-dimensional interference imaging processing to form final ground sea surface elevation information and two-dimensional image information;
the bottom view synthetic aperture height measurement combination adopts a broadband linear frequency modulation pulse compression system and the receiving and transmitting common detection of a bottom view antenna, adopts full-deskew receiving and synthetic aperture processing, reduces radar irradiation footprints through Doppler beam sharpening, further improves the data utilization rate through time delay compensation and multi-view processing, reduces the influence of ocean or land noise on high precision measurement, realizes the acquisition of high-precision sea surface average height, effective wave height, backscattering coefficient and land height information under the bottom view condition, and adopts a Ka wave band for detection in order to reduce the influence of atmospheric transmission errors on measurement;
the bottom view synthetic aperture height measurement combination and the near bottom view double-swath interference imaging combination share a frequency synthesizer, a time sequence and linear frequency modulation source, a signal processor and a communication link interface; the two combinations work independently at the same time, and different working frequency bands, antenna irradiation modes, observation areas, echo signal receiving modes and signal processing methods are adopted to supplement each other functionally, so that wide-swath high-resolution three-dimensional sea surface observation is realized.
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