CN113126122B - Interference imaging altimeter and laser radar double-satellite accompanying marine observation method and system - Google Patents
Interference imaging altimeter and laser radar double-satellite accompanying marine observation method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113126122B CN113126122B CN202110361898.5A CN202110361898A CN113126122B CN 113126122 B CN113126122 B CN 113126122B CN 202110361898 A CN202110361898 A CN 202110361898A CN 113126122 B CN113126122 B CN 113126122B
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- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S17/90—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
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- G01S7/4802—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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Abstract
The application relates to an interference imaging altimeter and laser radar double-satellite accompanying marine observation method and system, wherein the marine observation method comprises the following steps: the method comprises an observation step, a measurement step and a control step, wherein the observation step is used for observing marine phenomena in a working orbit through a first satellite and a second satellite which accompany and fly in the same working orbit, the first satellite carries out sea surface height observation through carrying an interference imaging altimeter, and the second satellite carries out atmosphere and ocean profile observation through carrying an ocean profile laser radar; and a data processing and transmission step, wherein the data processing and transmission step is used for receiving the atmosphere and ocean profile observation data sent by the second satellite through the first satellite and sending the atmosphere and ocean profile observation data and the sea surface height observation data of the first satellite to the ground station, and the ground station respectively processes the sea surface height observation data and the atmosphere and ocean profile observation data to obtain an observation result. By the method and the device, the problems of ocean wide swath, sub-mesoscale observation and remote sensing detection of the ocean near thermocline on the premise of low cost and low risk are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of marine remote sensing satellite observation, in particular to a dual-satellite accompanying marine observation method and system of an interference imaging altimeter and a laser radar.
Background
At present, under the global background of increasingly frequent human marine activities, rapid development of spatial technology and rapid advancement of information technology, the field of marine satellites is in the key period of deep revolution, and the development of satellite remote sensing technology is gradually turning from the advancement of concerned load indexes to the effectiveness of pursuing to solve scientific problems. Facing to the urgent needs of current ocean science, the world ocean forcing states strive to develop a new generation of ocean three-dimensional power high-resolution remote sensing technology represented by high-resolution power imaging and high-power vertical penetration load so as to realize a three-dimensional remote sensing detection target with all-sea area, all-weather and high space-time resolution.
However, the conventional satellite load adopted by ocean remote sensing cannot perform wide swath observation when observing the sea surface, cannot acquire a refined dynamic process of a sub-mesoscale ocean phenomenon, and can only observe the depth of dozens of meters below the sea surface and cannot realize the remote sensing detection of the space-time structure of the ocean near thermocline.
Therefore, how to realize wide swath and sub-mesoscale observation of the ocean and remote sensing detection of the ocean thermocline is a technical problem which is urgently needed to be solved at present on the premise of low cost and low risk.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides an interferometric imaging altimeter and laser radar double-satellite accompanying marine observation method and system, which are used for at least solving the problems of realizing marine wide swath, sub-mesoscale observation and remote sensing detection of a marine near-thermocline on the premise of low cost and low risk.
The application provides an interference imaging altimeter and laser radar double-satellite accompanying marine observation method on the one hand, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises an observation step, a measurement step and a measurement step, wherein the observation step is used for observing marine phenomena in a working orbit through a first satellite and a second satellite which accompany the same working orbit, the first satellite carries out sea surface height observation through carrying an interference imaging altimeter, and the second satellite carries out atmosphere and ocean profile observation through carrying an ocean profile laser radar;
and a data transmission step, namely receiving the atmosphere and ocean profile observation data sent by the second satellite through the first satellite, and sending the atmosphere and ocean profile observation data and the ocean profile observation data of the first satellite to a ground station, wherein the ground station respectively processes the sea surface height observation data and the atmosphere and ocean profile observation data to correspondingly obtain a sea surface height observation result and an atmosphere and ocean profile observation result.
In some of the embodiments, the working orbit is a sun synchronous orbit, and the orbit height is 400-600km.
In some embodiments, the observing step includes a sea surface height observing step, the interferometric imaging altimeter transmits a Ka-band electromagnetic wave, and receives and collects an echo signal of the Ka-band electromagnetic wave reflected by the sea surface after being transmitted by the atmosphere, so as to obtain the sea surface height observing data.
In some embodiments, in the sea surface height observing step, the interferometric imaging altimeter transmits the electromagnetic wave through a transmitting antenna and receives the echo signal through a receiving antenna; the receiving antenna is a digital multi-beam phased array antenna.
In some embodiments, the transmitting antenna is divided into two transmitting sub-arrays in the pitching direction, and the two transmitting sub-arrays are respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the first satellite subsatellite point so as to observe on the left side and the right side of the subsatellite point simultaneously; the number of the receiving antennas is two, and the two receiving antennas are respectively located at the tail ends of the left base line and the right base line of the first satellite.
In some embodiments, the sea surface altitude observation step further includes performing preliminary processing on the sea surface altitude observation data by an on-board SAR real-time processing technique to reduce the data volume per unit time.
In some embodiments, the observing step further includes an atmosphere and ocean profile observing step, the ocean profile lidar emits dual-wavelength laser, and detects and collects distance-resolved echo signals of the dual-wavelength laser on atmosphere and ocean transmission paths by using a simulation and photon counting composite detection technology to obtain the atmosphere and ocean profile observation data.
In some embodiments, the atmospheric and ocean profile observation step further includes adjusting the incident angle of the dual-wavelength laser emitted by the ocean profile lidar through the oscillation of the second satellite.
In some of these embodiments, the angle of incidence is from 0 ° to 40 °.
In some embodiments, the wavelength of the dual-wavelength laser is 1064nm and 532nm, the laser repetition frequency of the dual-wavelength laser is 100Hz, the receiving aperture of the ocean profile lidar is 1m, and the time resolution of the simulation and photon counting composite detection is 1ns.
In some embodiments, the observing step further comprises adjusting an observation time interval between the first satellite and the second satellite.
The application further provides an interference imaging altimeter and laser radar double-satellite accompanying marine observation system, which applies the interference imaging altimeter and laser radar double-satellite accompanying marine observation method, and the interference imaging altimeter and laser radar double-satellite accompanying marine observation system comprises:
the first satellite is used for observing the sea surface height by carrying an interference imaging altimeter to obtain sea surface height observation data;
the second satellite flies with the first satellite in the same working orbit, and carries out atmosphere and ocean profile observation by carrying an ocean profile laser radar to obtain atmosphere and ocean profile observation data;
the first satellite also outputs the received ocean profile observation data output by the second satellite and the sea surface height observation data to a ground station, and the ground station processes the sea surface height observation data and the atmosphere and ocean profile observation data to obtain a sea surface height observation result and an atmosphere and ocean profile observation result.
Compared with the related technology, the interference imaging altimeter and laser radar double-satellite flying ocean observation method and system provided by the embodiment of the application adopt a novel observation system with double-satellite flying and synchronous observation, the main load of the first satellite is the interference imaging altimeter, the main load of the second satellite is the ocean profile laser radar, the resolution of a sub-medium scale (-10 km) ocean power process and the penetration of a near-temperature jump layer depth (-100 m) are realized through the cooperation of the interference imaging altimeter and the laser radar, the observation cost is low, and the risk is low. Meanwhile, the interference imaging altimeter and laser radar double-satellite accompanying-flight marine observation method and system adopt a novel observation system of double-satellite accompanying-flight and synchronous observation, and by controlling the observation time and the observation position of the first satellite and the second satellite, near simultaneous observation in the same area can be realized, simultaneous observation in different spatial positions can be realized, and a flexible and efficient observation means is provided for researching marine phenomena of multiple space-time scales.
The details of one or more embodiments of the application are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below to provide a more thorough understanding of the application.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a first satellite and a second satellite in a two-satellite-based marine observation method for an interferometric imaging altimeter and a laser radar according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a loading structure of a first satellite according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a structure of a sea profile lidar according to an embodiment of the present application;
in the above drawings: 1. a first satellite; 2. a second satellite; 3. a working track.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is described and illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments provided in the present application without any inventive step are within the scope of protection of the present application.
It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only examples or embodiments of the present application, and that it is also possible for a person skilled in the art to apply the present application to other similar contexts on the basis of these drawings without inventive effort. Moreover, it should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another.
Reference in the specification to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the specification. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments without conflict.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms referred to herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. Reference to "a," "an," "the," and similar words throughout this application are not to be construed as limiting in number, and may refer to the singular or the plural. The present application is directed to the use of the terms "including," "comprising," "having," and any variations thereof, which are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions; for example, a method or article that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those steps or elements listed, but may include additional steps or elements not listed, or may include additional steps or elements inherent to such method or article. Reference herein to the terms "first," "second," and the like, are merely distinguishing between similar items and not necessarily referring to a particular ordering for the items.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a two-satellite-flying marine observation method of an interferometric imaging altimeter and a laser radar, which includes the following steps:
step S1: observing the ocean phenomenon in a working orbit 3 through a first satellite 1 and a second satellite 2 which accompany the same working orbit 3, wherein the first satellite 1 carries out sea surface height observation by carrying an interference imaging altimeter, and the second satellite 2 carries out atmosphere and ocean profile observation by carrying an ocean profile laser radar;
step S2: and a data processing and transmission step, wherein the data processing and transmission step is used for receiving the atmosphere and ocean profile observation data sent by the second satellite 2 through the first satellite 1 and sending the atmosphere and ocean profile observation data and the ocean profile observation data of the first satellite 1 to the ground station, and the ground station respectively processes the sea surface height observation data and the atmosphere and ocean profile observation data to correspondingly obtain a sea surface height observation result and an atmosphere and ocean profile observation result.
According to the interference imaging altimeter and laser radar double-satellite accompanying-flying marine observation method, a novel observation system of double-satellite accompanying-flying and synchronous observation is adopted, the main load of the first satellite 1 is the interference imaging altimeter, the main load of the second satellite 2 is the marine profile laser radar, the resolution of a sub-medium scale (-10 km) marine power process and the penetration of a near-temperature jump layer depth (-100 m) are realized through the matching of the interference imaging altimeter and the laser radar, the observation cost is low, and the risk is low. Meanwhile, the interference imaging altimeter and laser radar double-satellite accompanying-flight marine observation method adopts a novel observation system of double-satellite accompanying-flight and synchronous observation, and can realize near simultaneous observation in the same area and simultaneous observation in different spatial positions by controlling the observation time and the observation position of the first satellite 1 and the second satellite 2, thereby providing a flexible and efficient observation means for researching marine phenomena of multiple space-time scales.
The embodiment also provides an interference imaging altimeter and laser radar double-satellite accompanying marine observation system, which applies the interference imaging altimeter and laser radar double-satellite accompanying marine observation method, and the interference imaging altimeter and laser radar double-satellite accompanying marine observation system comprises:
the first satellite 1 carries out sea surface height observation by carrying an interference imaging altimeter to obtain sea surface height observation data;
the second satellite 2 flies with the first satellite 1 in the same working orbit, and the second satellite 2 carries out atmosphere and ocean profile observation by carrying an ocean profile laser radar to obtain atmosphere and ocean profile observation data;
the first satellite 1 also outputs the received sea profile observation data output by the second satellite 2 and the sea surface height observation data to the ground station, and the ground station processes the sea surface height observation data and the atmosphere and sea profile observation data to obtain a sea surface height observation result and an atmosphere and sea profile observation result.
The following specifically describes the interference imaging altimeter and the two-satellite accompanying marine observation method and system of the laser radar by combining with the satellite orbit design, the function design of the first satellite 1 and the second satellite 2, and data processing.
Satellite orbit design
In the present embodiment, the orbits of the first satellite 1 and the second satellite 2 are designed to be two types, the working orbit 3 and the calibration orbit. The orbit height of the working orbit 3 is 495.51km, the orbit inclination angle is 97.3813 degrees, the cycle periods of the first satellite 1 and the second satellite 2 in the working orbit 3 are both 21 days, and the running circles in each cycle are both 320 circles. The orbit height of the calibration orbit is 568.14km, the orbit inclination angle is 97.6843 degrees, the cycle period of the first satellite 1 and the second satellite 2 in the working orbit 3 is 1 day, and the number of running circles in each cycle is 15 circles. The first satellite 1 and the second satellite 2 both work in a sun synchronous orbit, have the same orbit parameters, and both have a nominal value of 1:30pm at the point of intersection, so that after the first satellite 1 observes an area on the ocean, the second satellite 2 can fly over the area after a certain time interval, and the observation of the same area is completed. Under the condition of keeping relatively stable orbital phase relation, the remote sensors (namely the interference imaging altimeter and the ocean profile laser radar) on the first satellite 1 and the second satellite 2 can be ensured to jointly observe the same ocean area.
It should be noted that, in the observation step, the observation time interval between the first satellite 1 and the second satellite 2 can be adjusted in orbit, so that not only near simultaneous observation in the same region can be realized, but also simultaneous observation in different spatial positions can be realized, and a flexible and efficient observation means is provided for researching the multi-space-time-scale marine phenomenon.
(II) first satellite function design
In this embodiment, the first satellite 1 carries on the interference imaging altimeter to observe the sea surface altitude in the operation process of the working orbit 3. During observation, the interference imaging altimeter transmits the Ka-band electromagnetic wave through the transmitting antenna, and receives and collects echo signals of the Ka-band electromagnetic wave reflected by the sea surface after being transmitted by the atmosphere through the receiving antenna so as to obtain sea surface height observation data.
In this embodiment, the receiving antenna is a digital multi-beam phased array antenna. The main problem faced by the interferometric imaging altimeter is the contradiction between observation swath and measurement accuracy, and the larger the observation swath is, the lower the sea surface scattering ability is, resulting in the reduction of signal-to-noise ratio, and the measurement accuracy is reduced.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, the transmitting antenna is divided into two transmitting sub-arrays in the pitching direction, and the two transmitting sub-arrays are respectively located on the left and right sides of the 1 sunless satellite point of the first satellite so as to simultaneously observe on the left and right sides of the sunless point; the number of the receiving antennas is two, and the two receiving antennas are respectively located at the tail ends of the left base line and the right base line of the first satellite 1 and are perpendicular to the flight direction of the satellite. In this embodiment, the transmitting antenna is located on the first satellite 1 body to facilitate the expansion of the thermal control device, and the two receiving antennas are respectively located at two ends of the baseline to facilitate the maintenance of the baseline. It should be noted that, in order to improve the isolation of the observation signals at the left and right sides of the intersatellite point, a waveform coding signal is required.
In addition, the first satellite 1 also has the inter-satellite communication capability and the ground station communication capability, can receive the atmosphere and ocean profile observation data transmitted by the second satellite 2, and transmits the atmosphere and ocean profile observation data and the ocean surface height observation data generated by the interference imaging altimeter observation to the ground station so as to complete data transmission.
It should be noted that, the interferometric imaging altimeter has a high swath width and a high resolution, which causes a high data volume in a unit time, and for the application requirements of the interferometric imaging altimeter on full-time operation and starting from sea, the high data volume in the unit time is difficult to complete the satellite-to-ground transmission of the original echo signal, and the pressure stored on the satellite is high. Therefore, in the step of observing the sea surface altitude by the interferometric imaging altimeter, the method further includes performing preliminary processing on the sea surface altitude observation data by using an on-board SAR real-time processing technology to reduce the data volume in unit time, thereby implementing high-precision on-orbit processing. It should be noted that the real-time processing technology of the on-board SAR is the prior art in the field, and can be referred to "research on-board SAR on-orbit real-time imaging processing technology" (computer engineering and application, 2016,52 (S1), 317-320), doctor paper "research on-board SAR real-time imaging processing key technology" of beijing university of physical engineering Liu Xiaoning, etc. published by Xie Yu, etc., and no specific details are given herein for this technology.
Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of the loading structure of the first satellite 1, and the loading of the first satellite 1 will be described in detail with reference to fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the main load of the first satellite 1 is an interference imaging altimeter, the auxiliary load includes a conventional infrasatellite point altimeter, a correction radiometer, a base line and the like, and the satellite platform provides the required power for the interference imaging altimeter and the like and provides a proper temperature environment for the interference imaging altimeter and the like, so as to ensure that the interference imaging altimeter works in an optimal working state.
The following is a detailed description of the main load interferometric imaging altimeter:
in the embodiment, the double-side swath of the interference imaging altimeter can reach 140km, the resolution ratio of marine signals is 10km, the interference imaging altimeter has the technical characteristics of large swath and high precision, and has certain international advancement, and the main load interference imaging altimeter specifically comprises an antenna subsystem and an electronic equipment subsystem.
(1) Antenna subsystem
The antenna subsystem is used for amplifying the frequency comprehensive excitation signal, radiating a microwave signal in a specified direction, receiving an echo signal of the ground or a target, amplifying the echo signal and transmitting the amplified echo signal to a receiver for processing.
The antenna subsystem comprises two receiving antennas and a transmitting antenna, the two receiving antennas are respectively arranged at the tail end of the base line, and the transmitting antenna is positioned on the body of the first satellite 1. The aperture of the receiving antenna is 2720mm × 112mm (azimuth × elevation), and the beam width is 0.1765 degrees × 4.287 degrees. The aperture of the transmitting antenna is designed to be 2720mm multiplied by 112mm (azimuth multiplied by pitching), the pitching direction of the transmitting antenna is divided into two sub-arrays, one sub-array radiates to the left side of the satellite lower point, and the other sub-array radiates to the right side of the satellite lower point; each subarray has dimensions of 2720mm × 56mm (azimuth × elevation), and a beam width of 0.1564 degrees × 7.6 degrees. In this embodiment, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are both active phased arrays that scan in the elevation direction in one dimension, and have a large electrical size in the azimuth direction. In order to ensure the pitching scanning range of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, the pitch unit interval is small, and the number of modules is large; and an efficient antenna subarray with large azimuth and electric size is selected, and the number of modules is reduced as much as possible, so that light weight and high gain of the antenna are realized.
The antenna subsystem also comprises a GaN millimeter wave T component which consists of 8T module units, two ends of the 8T module units are respectively connected with the transmitting antenna unit and the 8 feed networks, and the synthetic port of the feed network is connected with the sub-array feed network.
The antenna subsystem further comprises a Ka receiving component which mainly comprises an amplitude limiter, a low-noise amplifier, an image rejection filter, a mixer, an attenuator, a power divider, a control circuit and the like. The main functions of the Ka receiving component comprise: receiving an external control signal, and setting the working state of a Ka receiving component according to the requirement of a superior system after the external control signal is integrated by a component control circuit; carrying out secondary voltage stabilization on externally provided voltage; receiving an external microwave signal, performing low-noise amplification on the input microwave signal, and setting the microwave signal attenuation amount according to requirements; and outputting the received external microwave signal to a signal processor after twice frequency conversion.
(2) Electronic device subsystem
The electronic equipment subsystem comprises an integrated frequency unit, a digital unit, an on-track processing unit, a power supply and distribution unit, a control unit and the like.
The frequency synthesizer is an important component of the load of the interference imaging altimeter, and the main functions of the frequency synthesizer comprise: generating a reference clock to be sent to a digital subsystem for generating an AD sampling clock; generating Ka frequency band excitation signals (including digital waveform generation), amplifying and then transmitting to an antenna subsystem; and generating a local oscillator, a local oscillator and a pilot correction signal required by the secondary frequency conversion of the Ka-band R component.
The on-orbit processing single machine is responsible for imaging processing of data output by the Ka receiving assembly, generating complex image data for output, receiving and controlling programs and parameters of remote measurement and remote control and ground injection distributed by the single machine, and reconfiguring the on-orbit processing single machine and the Ka receiving assembly on two sides of the base line.
The single control machine is integrated in the load central electronic equipment of the interference imaging altimeter, mainly completes the communication between the load and the satellite platform computer, and controls the load work, the monitoring quantity acquisition, the storage and partial calculation functions according to the platform command. The main function of the single control machine is to receive the command of the satellite platform, complete the control of the working mode and the working state of each subsystem of the interference imaging altimeter, the control of the working time sequence of each subsystem of the interference imaging altimeter, the real-time monitoring of each subsystem of the interference imaging altimeter and feed back the working state of the interference imaging altimeter system to the satellite platform.
In a word, the interferometric imaging altimeter carried by the first satellite 1 adopts an interferometric SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) system, works under the condition of a small visual angle, not only utilizes the advantage of stronger sea surface backscattering coefficient under the condition of the small visual angle, but also utilizes the interferometric SAR to improve the observation breadth and the resolution of the interferometric imaging altimeter. The load of the first satellite 1 is mainly characterized by: (1) adopting a Ka frequency band; (2) A phased array digital wave beam is adopted to form an antenna system, and meanwhile, multiple wave beams improve the antenna gain and enlarge the observation angle; (3) The interference system of two-transmitting and two-receiving is adopted to observe the left side and the right side of the subsatellite point simultaneously.
(III) second satellite function design
In this embodiment, the second satellite 2 carries a sea profile lidar to perform atmospheric and sea profile observations during operation in the working orbit 3. During observation, the ocean profile laser radar emits dual-wavelength laser, and the simulation and photon counting composite detection technology is utilized to detect and collect distance resolution echo signals of the dual-wavelength laser on atmospheric and ocean transmission paths so as to obtain atmospheric and ocean profile observation data. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the wavelengths of the dual-wavelength laser are 1064nm and 532nm, the laser repetition frequency of the dual-wavelength laser is 100Hz, the receiving aperture of the ocean profile lidar is 1m, and the time resolution of the simulation and photon counting composite detection is 1ns.
Further, in the step of observing the atmosphere and the ocean profile by the second satellite 2, the method further comprises the step of adjusting the incident angle of the dual-wavelength laser emitted by the ocean profile lidar through the swing of the second satellite 2. Preferably, the incident angle is 0 ° to 40 °.
In addition, the second satellite 2 also has inter-satellite communication capability, and can transmit atmospheric and ocean profile observation data generated by ocean profile lidar observation to the first satellite 1 to complete data transmission.
In this embodiment, the main load of the second satellite 2 is an ocean profile lidar, which acquires echo signals of the atmosphere, the sea surface and the ocean water body by using blue-green wavelength, acquires echo signals of the sea surface by using near-infrared wavelength, acquires an ocean optical parameter profile by using elastic scattering signals, and assists in acquiring information such as depolarization of suspended objects in the ocean by using a polarization channel. The second satellite 2 provides the required power for the sea profile lidar and provides it with a suitable temperature environment to ensure that it operates in an optimal operating state.
Fig. 3 shows a block diagram of the structure of the ocean profile lidar, which is described in detail below with reference to fig. 3. As shown in fig. 3, the ocean profile lidar comprises a laser emission source, a receiving telescope, a photoelectric detection unit, an acquisition processing unit, an electric cabinet and the like.
(1) Laser emission source
The laser emission light source adopts a mature laser pumped by semiconductor laser, the double frequency doubling (SHG) technology is adopted to realize the dual-wavelength narrow-linewidth high-pulse energy laser output of 532nm and 1064nm, and the laser beam is emitted after the divergence angle is compressed by the beam expanding telescope. And a beam expanding telescope of the laser emission light source is arranged in a load cabin of the second satellite 2, and the optical axis points to the earth for observation and forms a certain included angle with the ground surface, so that the dual-wavelength laser and the sea surface form a certain incident angle. The ocean profile laser radar needs to carry out micro-adjustment on the pointing direction of a transmitting optical axis in an on-orbit mode, complete matching of a receiving optical axis and a transmitting optical axis of the radar is achieved, and meanwhile connection between two wavelengths of transmitting laser and a star sensor is established and used for measuring the absolute pointing direction of the laser in real time.
(2) Receiving telescope
The receiving telescope adopts a Cassegrain type structure, the primary mirror and the secondary mirror adopt a silicon carbide (SiC) material with light weight design, the clear aperture of the primary mirror is 1m, and echo signals of two wavelengths are received.
(3) Photoelectric detection unit
The photoelectric detection unit adopts a mode of combining a plurality of detection mechanisms, and adopts a linear detection technology with high bandwidth for 1064nm echo detection, so that the high-range detection precision of the sea surface is ensured. For 532nm echo signal detection of atmosphere and seawater scattering, a composite detection technology of simulation and photon counting is adopted, and the detection of deep-water weak echo photon signals with high sensitivity is realized while the detection of large-dynamic-range seawater profile echo is realized. Specifically, a wavelength light splitting mode is adopted to independently detect 1064nm sea surface echoes, 532nm echoes are separated into meter scattering and molecular scattering through a high spectral resolution filter, the molecular scattering is independently detected, and the meter scattering is subjected to orthogonal polarization detection. In the photoelectric detection unit that this embodiment adopted, design high spectral resolution filter realizes the high spectral resolution of high rejection ratio and surveys, can separate the meter scattering and the molecular scattering of atmosphere and ocean simultaneously, promotes the optical parameter profile inversion accuracy of atmosphere and ocean.
Meanwhile, the photoelectric detection unit also comprises a visual axis monitoring system coupled on the receiving light path, and the deviation of the laser transmitting optical axis and the optical axis of the receiving telescope is monitored by the position of the transmitting laser on the CCD image plane in the visual axis monitoring system, and the deviation is fed back to the laser transmitting optical axis pointing adjusting mechanism.
(4) Acquisition processing unit
The acquisition processing unit consists of a signal acquisition and preprocessing module, a system state monitoring module, a detector high-voltage module, a parameter calibration module and a master control module.
The signal acquisition and preprocessing module is used for acquiring echo signals received by 4 detection channels of the laser radar and acquiring laser emission waveform signals with two wavelengths, and is used for accurate distance calculation on one hand and monitoring the working state of the laser on the other hand. And the multi-channel high-precision data acquisition unit in the acquisition processing unit performs synchronous full waveform sampling on the multi-channel signals, further performs preprocessing and data splicing, and stores the data after being packaged and downloads the data under the control of the master control module.
The system state monitoring is used for acquiring system state monitoring information and transmitting the information to the master control module for processing and downloading.
The parameter calibration module is used for calibrating the response of the detector, the polarization ratio, the laser energy, the wavelength matching and the like.
The detector high-voltage module is used for providing working voltage for the photoelectric detectors of the 4 detection channels.
The master control module is used for carrying out parameter setting and state monitoring on each unit module of the ocean profile laser radar and realizing instruction and information interaction with the satellite platform.
(5) Electric control box
The electric cabinet comprises a secondary power supply, a laser driving source, a laser emission pointing control unit, a motor driving unit, a temperature control unit and the like. The laser driving source has a large heat productivity and needs a heat pipe for heat conduction and dissipation. The whole electric cabinet realizes the driving, temperature control, system control and power distribution functions of the laser, and realizes power supply and communication with the satellite platform.
(IV) data processing
The data processing of the interference imaging altimeter comprises on-orbit processing and ground processing, wherein the on-orbit processing comprises digital beam forming, pulse compression processing, synthetic aperture processing and interference preprocessing, the ground processing comprises interference processing, error extraction and correction, geographical projection and encoding, and finally sea surface height observation results are obtained.
The data processing process of the ocean profile laser radar is completed at a ground station, and the data processing process is mainly implemented by inverting echo signals at different distances so as to obtain the atmospheric and ocean optical parameter profile observation results.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above examples only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. An interference imaging altimeter and laser radar double-satellite accompanying marine observation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
observing marine phenomena in the working orbit through a first satellite and a second satellite which accompany the same working orbit, wherein the first satellite carries out sea surface height observation through carrying an interference imaging altimeter, and the second satellite carries out atmosphere and ocean profile observation through carrying an ocean profile laser radar; the first satellite and the second satellite work in a sun synchronous orbit, have the same orbit parameters, and both have a nominal value of 1; the observation step specifically comprises:
sea surface height observation: the interference imaging altimeter transmits Ka-band electromagnetic waves through the transmitting antenna, and receives and collects echo signals of the Ka-band electromagnetic waves reflected by the sea surface after being transmitted by the atmosphere through the receiving antenna so as to obtain sea surface height observation data; the pitching direction of the transmitting antenna is divided into two transmitting sub-arrays, and the two transmitting sub-arrays are respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the first satellite subsatellite point so as to observe the left side and the right side of the subsatellite point at the same time; the number of the receiving antennas is two, and the two receiving antennas are respectively positioned at the tail ends of the left base line and the right base line of the first satellite and are vertical to the flight direction of the first satellite; the receiving antenna is a digital multi-beam phased array antenna; the aperture of the receiving antenna is 2720mm in azimuth direction and 112mm in elevation direction, and the beam width is 0.1765 degrees and 4.287 degrees; the aperture of the transmitting antenna is designed to be 2720mm in azimuth direction by 112mm in pitch direction, the size of each subarray is 2720mm in azimuth direction by 56mm in pitch direction, and the beam width is 0.1564 degrees by 7.6 degrees;
atmospheric and ocean profile observation steps: the ocean profile laser radar emits dual-wavelength laser, and utilizes a simulation and photon counting composite detection technology to detect and collect distance resolution echo signals of the dual-wavelength laser on atmospheric and ocean transmission paths so as to obtain atmospheric and ocean profile observation data; the method also comprises the step of adjusting the incidence angle of the dual-wavelength laser emitted by the ocean profile laser radar through the swing of the second satellite;
and a data transmission step, namely receiving the atmosphere and ocean profile observation data sent by the second satellite through the first satellite, and sending the atmosphere and ocean profile observation data and the ocean profile observation data of the first satellite to a ground station, wherein the ground station respectively processes the sea surface height observation data and the atmosphere and ocean profile observation data to correspondingly obtain a sea surface height observation result and an atmosphere and ocean profile observation result.
2. The interferometric imaging altimeter and lidar two-satellite companion marine observation method of claim 1, wherein the orbit height of the working orbit is 400-600km.
3. The interferometric imaging altimeter and lidar double-satellite companion marine observation method of claim 1, wherein the sea level observation step further comprises performing preliminary processing on the sea level observation data by an on-board SAR real-time processing technique to reduce the data volume per unit time.
4. The interferometric imaging altimeter and lidar double-satellite companion marine observation method of claim 1, wherein the wavelength of the dual-wavelength laser is 1064nm and 532nm, the laser repetition frequency of the dual-wavelength laser is 100Hz, the receiving aperture of the marine profile lidar is 1m, and the time resolution of the combined simulation and photon counting detection is 1ns.
5. The interferometric imaging altimeter and lidar two-satellite companion marine observation method of claim 1, wherein the observing step further comprises adjusting an observation time interval between the first satellite and the second satellite.
6. An interference imaging altimeter and laser radar double-star accompanying marine observation system is characterized in that the interference imaging altimeter and laser radar double-star accompanying marine observation method of any one of the claims 1 to 5 is applied, and the interference imaging altimeter and laser radar double-star accompanying marine observation system comprises:
the first satellite carries out sea surface height observation by carrying an interference imaging altimeter to obtain sea surface height observation data;
the second satellite flies with the first satellite in the same working orbit, and carries out atmosphere and ocean profile observation by carrying an ocean profile laser radar to obtain atmosphere and ocean profile observation data;
the first satellite also outputs the received ocean profile observation data output by the second satellite and the sea surface height observation data to a ground station, and the ground station processes the sea surface height observation data and the atmosphere and ocean profile observation data to obtain a sea surface height observation result and an atmosphere and ocean profile observation result.
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| PCT/CN2022/082975 WO2022171202A1 (en) | 2021-04-02 | 2022-03-25 | Ocean observation method and system based on accompanying flight of two satellites respectively carrying interference imaging altimeter and laser radar |
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| CN113126122B (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2023-03-28 | 青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室发展中心 | Interference imaging altimeter and laser radar double-satellite accompanying marine observation method and system |
| CN113671504A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-19 | 中国空间技术研究院 | Anti-echo interference difference frequency design method for distributed double-star imaging altimeter |
| CN113541774B (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-24 | 椭圆时空(北京)科技有限公司 | Remote-control integrated satellite system |
| CN114114253A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-01 | 南京微麦科斯电子科技有限责任公司 | Sea wave monitoring array radar based on artificial intelligence algorithm |
| CN114252875B (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2024-04-26 | 中国人民解放军海军潜艇学院 | High-precision meshing method for imaging altitude data |
| CN114518577B (en) * | 2022-02-09 | 2023-02-07 | 北京卫星信息工程研究所 | Satellite-borne SAR and GNSS-S integrated system and cooperative detection method |
| CN115453559B (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2024-06-11 | 中国科学技术大学 | Method for performing multi-laser radar space-time synchronization based on dynamic data |
| CN115392136B (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2023-02-10 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Signal time sequence optimization model of multi-mode integrated microwave remote sensor |
| CN115629364B (en) * | 2022-12-22 | 2023-03-28 | 中国海洋大学 | Satellite-borne small-angle SAR sea condition deviation simulation method for dynamic sea surface |
| CN116165660B (en) * | 2023-04-20 | 2023-07-18 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Multi-frequency-band marine environment aviation comprehensive detection system |
| CN116859344B (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2023-11-03 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 | Energy spectrum self-adaptive distributed InSAR spatial synchronization method oriented to coherent optimization |
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