CN1152958A - 用于确定位于监视范围内物体的装置 - Google Patents
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- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
- H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
- G01S13/32—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
- G01S13/34—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/75—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors
- G01S13/751—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors wherein the responder or reflector radiates a coded signal
- G01S13/755—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors wherein the responder or reflector radiates a coded signal using delay lines, e.g. acoustic delay lines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/76—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/82—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein continuous-type signals are transmitted
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/024—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using polarisation effects
- G01S7/025—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using polarisation effects involving the transmission of linearly polarised waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/024—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using polarisation effects
- G01S7/026—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using polarisation effects involving the transmission of elliptically or circularly polarised waves
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Abstract
一种用于确定监视范围内物体的装置,在监视范围的两相对侧设置有一个发射/接收装置和一个反射装置。后者由一接收天线构成,其信号经一韦尔金森(Wilkinson)分配器或一环形器被输送给表面波延迟器件。由延迟器件返回的信号由韦尔金森分配器或环形器输送给放大器,该放大器对发射天线馈给,该发射天线将信号反射辐射回发射/接收装置。位于辐射场的物体导致反射信号振幅的变化,从而可以利用计算装置,最简单的情况下是利用振幅鉴别器对物体进行判定。信号可以是脉冲雷达信号,但最好采用与调频连续波雷达相应的调频信号,从而除了反射信号的振幅外还可以考虑把发射信号和反射信号间的差额作为在监视范围内存在的物体的标准。本发明适用于监视铁路道口。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于确定位于监视范围内物体的装置。
常常需要确定,是否有人停留在或物体被放置在一危险地带。这例如适用于在轨道同一平面上的道口栅栏间的一轨道范围。同时为了进行侵入防护,对存在人员的区域进行监视。
由欧洲专利申请0 448 802中了解到,利用图像差探测监视范围内的障碍物,该图像差是由一基准图像和一实际图像构成的。但对物体的探测方式会明显地受到雾等天气,甚至白天时间段的影响。
所以在德国实用新型9305611中推荐了一种装置,在该装置中由一个发射装置发送一问询信号穿过监视范围到一反射装置。该反射装置由一副天线和一个经叉指型转换器的中间电路与其连接的表面波延迟器件。在该延迟器件表面波被反射,通过叉指型转换器作为电信号又加到天线上并反射辐射回发射装置,在该处反射回的信号由一接收机加以收集并输送给计算装置。如果有一物***于监视范围内的辐射场中,反射的信号则被衰减。计算装置检定出由此导致的振幅变化并输出一个报警信号。可以采用多个表面波器件,甚至这些器件可以具有不同的延迟时间,从而可以扩大监视范围并甚至对物体进行定位。由多个相同的表面波延迟器件反射信号可以相加或相减地叠加在一起。在这种已知的装置中如果问询信号不仅由反射装置,而且也由其它的距离较远的诸如金属覆盖的建筑物、金属门等物体反射辐射,就会出现困难。当这些物体与发射装置的距离使得信号传播时间与在反射器装置上反射的信号的传播时间完全相同并且当在这些物体上反射的信号具有与在反射器装置上反射的信号相同的或甚至大于后者的振幅时,则不再可能实现对监视范围内障碍物的探测。
本发明的目的在于提出一种用于确定位于监视范围内物体的装置,利用此装置可以比用已知装置更为可靠地实现对监视范围内物体的确定。
本发明的目的是这样实现的,即采用一种用于确定位于监视范围内物体的装置,该装置具有一个发射装置,该发射装置将问询信号定向发送给一个带有延迟器件的反射装置,该反射装置设置在与发射装置相对的监视范围一侧并且所接收的由发射装置来的信号在由延迟器件预给定的时间后向接收装置反射,该接收装置设置在与反射装置相对的监视范围一侧并与一计算装置连接,该计算装置根据计算规定标准对接收信号的延迟和/或振幅进行计算,反射装置具有一反射器-接收天线,其信号通过一取决于方向的分向滤波器输送给延迟器件,该分向滤波器将由延迟器件返回的信号输送给放大器,该放大器向反射器-发射天线馈送信号,其中反射器发射天线与反射器接收天线的耦合小于放大器的放大率。
重要的是,放大器的放大率小于反射装置的发射天线与接收天线的耦合,以便该反射装置甚至在不利的条件也不致振荡。可以通过天线的间距和/或对接收和发射信号的极化选择以及相互的屏蔽影响该耦合。例如发射和接收信号的极化方向可以相互垂直。也可以采用旋转极化的方法实现进一步去耦。因而可以同时实现对直接在物体上反射的信号的抑制或区分。
下面将借助附图对本发明及进一步的设计和补充详细加以说明和阐述,附图中:
图1为本发明的一个实施例的工作原理图和
图2和3为本发明的应用例。
在图1中用SE表示发射装置,该装置包含有一个微波发射机。它的工作频率在雷达通用的频段,在实施例中约为2500MHz。该频率由调制器M用三角电压或锯齿电压调制;在实施例中频偏约为40MHz。采用此方式调制的频率被加到发射天线SA上,该天线在基本水平的监视范围的情况下宜如此设计,使其在水平面的主波瓣具有的角度大于其在垂直面的角度。发射天线SA的波束对准反射接收天线REA,该天线是反射装置RE的组成部分。天线信号由一环形器ZI或一其它的与方向有关的分向滤波器输送给一延迟器件LE,该器件将信号延迟1-5微秒反馈回环形器ZI。延迟器件LE最好是一个带有附属转换器的表面波器件,该转换器将电信号转换成音响信号和把音响信号转换成电信号。延迟器件LE的输出信号被环形器ZI输送给放大器VS,该放大器对发射天线RSA馈送。该发射天线对准一接收天线EA,该天线属于一接收单元EE。天线EA的信号和发射机S的信号除振幅不同外,相位也不同,其中相移主要是由延迟器件LE的延迟时间决定的。故相移是恒定不变的并因此两个线性调频信号的频率差的值也是不变的。一超外差接收机UE用两个信号构成一差分信号,其频率主要是差频并且其振幅取决于由接收机天线EA接收到的辐射的强度。超外差接收机UE的信号宜通过一个滤波器,其通带频率被调到差分频率上。发射机S的振幅保持不变。当一个物体落入天线SA、EA或RSA、EA间的辐射场内时,辐射被衰减,并且振幅降低。由于位于辐射场边缘范围内的一个物体也会造成接收到的辐射的增大,因而计算单元AW基本上是一个振幅鉴别器,其设计应使其在差分信号的振幅低于一个阈值或高于另一较高的阈值时,输出一个报警信号。
为了使反射单元RE不致出现振荡,放大器VS的放大率不得大于天线RSA、REA间的耦合。另一方面,为了在距离较远的物体上的反射不致造成干扰,放大率应尽可能的大、故人们试图通过对两个天线相宜的空间配置或通过对辐射的不同的极化把耦合保持在很小的状态。此点同时具有的优点是,可以对由无源反射器反射的幅射与反射单元RE反射的幅射加以区分。两个极化方向宜相互垂直。通过采用旋转极化实现了进一步的改进,这是因为在障碍物上反射时极化将改变其旋转方向。
采用迄今说明的装置只能对由反射单元RE反射的信号进行计算。另外还可以对由位于辐射场内的物体上的直接反射接收到的辐射进行计算。超外差接收机UE由此产生信号,这些信号的频率是物体与发射装置SE距离的量度。
所述实施例是按照连续波雷达定位法工作的。但除此方法外还可以采用脉冲雷达。这时则要对脉冲进行计算,其延迟是由发射单元和反射单元间的距离和延迟元件LE的延迟时间决定的。当然在采用脉冲雷达时也可以附加计算监视范围内物体上的直接反射。
在采用脉冲雷达时也可以通过采取下述方法实现反射器装置的两个天线的去耦,即在由放大器VS输出脉冲时将接收天线与环形器ZI分隔开。甚至可以实现在发射/接收装置端以及在反射器装置端用一副天线就足以实现交替作为发射和接收天线加以使用。
图2示出一种采用图1的装置对在轨道同一平面上的道口实现的监视。用GL1、GL2表示两条轨道,这两条轨道与一条公路ST交叉。这条公路用两对半栅栏BS1、BS2封锁。在封锁前必须确定,没有人员在铁路道口范围内或没有其它的例如机动车辆的物体停在此范围内。一个如图1所述方式的第一发射和接收单元SE/EE1安装在监视范围的一角上。该装置与两个反射单元RE2、RE3以所述方式交替配合,这两个反射单元被置于监视范围对面侧。第二个发射和接收单元SE/EE2宜采用不同于第一个发射和接收单元的频率工作,它位于以监视范围为基准的第一发射和接收单元的对角线上。它与两个反射单元RE1、RE4相配合。对在相互配合的发射/接收单元和反射单元的辐射场内的物体加以确定,该辐射场具有一椭圆的截面(第一菲涅尔区)。所以通过相宜的配置仅用少量的单元即可以把整个监视范围加以覆盖。如图所示,对每个发射和接收装置SE/EE可以配置多个反射单元。这些反射单元的延迟器件可具有相同的延迟时间。但延迟时间不同更为有益。接收装置的超外差接收机的差分信号对每个反射单元有一个专用频率,从而一方面可以始终检查每个反射装置的工作状态并且另一方面可以对监视范围内的物体进行定位。
当然也可以采用不同于图2所示的配置。例如可以把发射装置与接收装置在空间上分隔开,例如可以把一个发射装置的发射天线置于监视范围的一角上,其反射接收天线在相对的一角上,而反射发射天线通过一条敷设在铁轨下的电缆连接,位于第三个角上并且接收机天线在第四个角上,其中发射和接收装置同样通过一条敷设在铁轨下的电缆相互连接在一起。
图3示出一种用于监视一矩形区G仅用一台发射机SE,但用多台接收机E1、E2、E3的配置。发射机对准三个反射装置RE5、RE6、RE7,这三个反射单元被置于监视范围G的与发射机相对的一侧。由反射单元反射的辐射被三台接收机E1、E2、E3接收,与图2配置的接收机相反这三台接收机的工作频率相同。当如上所述对发射频率进行调制时,必须相应地对接收机的振荡器进行同步调制或利用发射信号与接收信号叠加。接收机E1、E2、E3如对照图1所述,分别包含有一个计算单元,其信号汇集在单元A中。这是最简单的或门器件,当至少有一个接收装置产生报警信号时,或门器件将输出报警信号。另外也可以相应方式将图2配置的发射和接收装置SE/EE的报警信号汇集在一起。
为了使所有接收装置具有相同的动作灵敏度,可以在开机时缓慢地降低发射功率,确切地说,最好周期性地降低发射功率。在非平衡状况时,当低于接收装置的动作门限时,接收装置将一个接一个地输出报警信号。可以采用如下方式进行平衡,首先将一个接收装置调整到所需要的动作电平上并且然后在周期降低发射功率的同时调整其它接收装置的动作电平,使它们同时输出报警信号。
可采用如下方法对装置的功率进行监督,短时间降低发射功率,其降低幅度使整个传播线路在无误差情况下作为受到衰减的情况被报警。在误差情况下至少有一个接收装置没有输出报警信号。
如借助图1所述,在接收装置中形成发射信号与接收到的反射信号间的差并且在确定监视范围内的物体时对差分信号的振幅和频率进行计算。除此之外还可以采用下述方法对物体进行识别,对接收信号或差分信号进行频谱分析。对诸如振幅和振幅比率频谱特征量度与标准值进行比较。当与标准值的偏差大于预给定值时将输出报警信号。
Claims (10)
1、一种用于确定位于监视范围内物体的装置,具有一个发射装置(SE),该发射装置将问询信号定向发送给一个带有延迟器件(LE)的反射装置(RE),该反射装置设置在与发射装置(SE)相对的监视范围一侧并且所接收到的由发射装置(SE)来的信号在由延迟器件(LE)预给定的时间后向接收装置(EE)反射,该接收装置设置在与反射装置(RE)相对的监视范围一侧并与一计算装置(AW)连接,该计算装置根据计算规定标准对接收信号的延迟和/或振幅进行计算,其特征在于:反射装置(RE)具有一反射器-接收天线(REA),其信号通过一取决于方向的分向滤波器(ZI)输送给延迟器件(LE),该分向滤波器将由延迟器件(LE)返回的信号输送给放大器(VS),该放大器向反射器一发射天线(RSA)馈送信号,其中反射器发射天线与反射器接收天线的耦合小于放大器(VS)的放大率。
2、按照权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于:由发射装置(SE)向反射装置(RE)发射的信号的极化不同于由反射单元(RE)反射的信号的极化。
3、按照权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于:信号以相互成90°的角度被线性极化。
4、按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:信号被旋转极化。
5、按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:发送的是脉冲信号。
6、按照权利要求1至5中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:延迟器件(LE)是一个表面波器件。
7、按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:信号是调频的,接收装置(EE)用发射和反射信号间的差频和一与反射信号的一个振幅相符的振幅形成差分信号并且当差分信号的振幅变化大于给定值时,则输出一个报警信号。
8、按照权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于:多台接收机(E1、E2、E3)被空间分隔设置,该设置方式应使接收机接收到一台发射机(SE)的反射辐射并且对叠加信号以与发射信号相同的方式进行调频或采用发射信号作为叠加信号。
9、按照权利要求1至6中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:在接收装置中对接收信号进行频谱分析并且当频谱的特征量度与标准值的偏差大于给定值时,将输出报警信号。
10、按照权利要求1至9中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:短时间内改变发射功率,使在无误差工作情况下输出报警信号,并对报警信号的出现进行监视。
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DE9411602U DE9411602U1 (de) | 1994-07-18 | 1994-07-18 | Anordnung zum Feststellen von Objekten in einem zu überwachenden Bereich |
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EP (1) | EP0771430A1 (zh) |
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DE (1) | DE9411602U1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1996002859A1 (zh) |
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CN105044661A (zh) * | 2014-04-22 | 2015-11-11 | 前进轨道检验和信息***有限公司 | 用于铁路交叉口物体探测器的定向验证方法 |
CN106353755A (zh) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-01-25 | 北京聚速微波技术有限公司 | 基于微波雷达的周界防护***和方法 |
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CN110058239A (zh) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-07-26 | 上海保隆汽车科技股份有限公司 | 一种车载毫米波雷达装置及目标探测方法 |
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CN110466562B (zh) * | 2019-08-14 | 2020-12-08 | 南京慧尔视智能科技有限公司 | 一种基于红外激光和微波的平交道口存在检测装置与方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO1996002859A1 (de) | 1996-02-01 |
US5774045A (en) | 1998-06-30 |
DE9411602U1 (de) | 1995-08-17 |
EP0771430A1 (de) | 1997-05-07 |
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