CN115283265A - Method for separating waste batteries from household garbage - Google Patents
Method for separating waste batteries from household garbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN115283265A CN115283265A CN202210117273.9A CN202210117273A CN115283265A CN 115283265 A CN115283265 A CN 115283265A CN 202210117273 A CN202210117273 A CN 202210117273A CN 115283265 A CN115283265 A CN 115283265A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
- B07B13/10—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices using momentum effects
- B07B13/11—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices using momentum effects involving travel of particles over surfaces which separate by centrifugal force or by relative friction between particles and such surfaces, e.g. helical sorters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
- B07B13/14—Details or accessories
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B69/00—Unpacking of articles or materials, not otherwise provided for
- B65B69/0033—Unpacking of articles or materials, not otherwise provided for by cutting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage treatment, and discloses a method for separating waste batteries from household garbage, which aims to solve the problem that the existing garbage screening equipment cannot screen the waste batteries, so that the waste batteries and other garbage are treated together, and the environment is polluted greatly. The method comprises a screening device, and the separation of the waste batteries by using the screening device comprises the following steps: (1) conveying domestic garbage into a screening device; (2) Driving a cylinder body of the screening device to rotate and cutting and crushing packaging bags in the household garbage so as to expose the household garbage in the cylinder body; (3) And separating the domestic garbage by using different centrifugal forces generated by different kinds of domestic garbage so as to collect the waste batteries from the domestic garbage. Therefore, the waste batteries are treated in a centralized manner, and the problem of great environmental pollution caused by the treatment of the waste batteries and other garbage is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage treatment, and particularly relates to a method for separating waste batteries from household garbage.
Background
The waste batteries are mainly divided into primary dry batteries, secondary dry batteries (rechargeable batteries) and lead-acid batteries, the dry batteries are widely applied in life of people, and the main hazardous substances of the dry batteries are metal elements such as cadmium, manganese, zinc, mercury and the like. Scientific investigation shows that 60 thousands of liters of water can be polluted after a common battery is abandoned into the nature, which is equivalent to the water consumption of one person for a whole life, and heavy metal components of waste dry batteries can overflow along with seepage no matter the waste dry batteries are buried in the atmosphere or deeply underground, so that the pollution to underground water and soil is caused, and the human health is seriously harmed after long-term storage. Based on this, also advocate the citizen and separately put in the battery, just as the roadside garbage bin all is provided with the waste battery and puts in the mouth to carry out centralized processing to the waste battery, in order to reduce the harm that the waste battery caused the environment.
Although the garbage dump can also adopt manual work or equipment for screening, some waste batteries and other fine garbage are mixed together, and the manual screening often has the problem of omission. Moreover, the existing garbage screening and crushing equipment does not have the function of screening batteries.
For example, patent application No. CN201810953528.9 discloses a pretreatment system for household garbage, which comprises a multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor for picking up large articles, glass and metal objects, and the remaining garbage enters a household garbage bag breaking and scattering device; the household garbage bag breaking and scattering device is used for taking out garbage from the packaging bag, scattering the garbage and then sending the garbage into the household garbage crusher; the household garbage crusher is used for crushing garbage and then sending the crushed garbage into the household garbage drum sieve; the household garbage drum sieve is used for conveying the undersize products obtained by sieving the garbage into the household garbage winnowing and separating device; and the household garbage winnowing and separating device is used for winnowing and separating the garbage and sending the garbage to the subsequent process for utilization. This system utilizes the mode of manual sorting, and band conveyer is in the rapid transit time, has to omit and is sheltered from and can't carry out the problem of screening.
For example, patent application No. CN201910078511.8 discloses a domestic garbage funny sorting device, which drives a motor to convey domestic garbage into a box body in the rotation of a first belt, and intermittently arranged electromagnetic blocks adsorb iron substances in the domestic garbage to realize primary sorting; simultaneously, through mutually supporting between electromagnetism piece, magnetic rack and a gear for a axle rotates, and crushing unit carries out the breakage to domestic waste, and through the mutually supporting between blast air unit and crushing unit, realizes sorting once more to domestic waste, thereby has improved domestic waste letter sorting effect. The device also only sieves iron substances through the electromagnetic block, and can not sieve waste batteries.
For example, the utility model discloses a domestic garbage source classification method and a domestic garbage source classification all-in-one machine, which comprises a tipping bucket elevator, a single-shaft bag breaking machine, a suspended iron remover, a first-stage feeding belt, a first-stage air separator, a second-stage feeding belt, a second-stage air separator, an air separator box body, a centrifugal fan, a rotary disk screen, a biomass crushing separator, a compression separator, a first material receiving box, a second material receiving box and a third packing machine.
For another example, patent with application number CN201910739164.9 discloses a process method for fine classification and sorting pretreatment of household garbage, which comprises the following steps: the bag breaking process includes the steps of (a) breaking the bag, namely, breaking the bag of the household garbage; (b) Single-stage screening, namely screening the household garbage broken in the step (a) into oversize products larger than 80mm and undersize products smaller than 80mm by using a 80mm rotary screen; (c) RDF extraction, namely extracting the RDF from the undersize product with the particle size less than 80mm obtained in the step (b) by using RDF extraction equipment to obtain wet RDF floccule and slurry with the particle size less than 20mm and containing perishable organic matters, silt, inorganic matter particles and water; (d) Crushing, namely crushing oversize materials which are obtained by screening in the step (b) and are larger than 80 mm; (e) Performing multi-stage RDF cleaning, namely performing multi-stage cleaning on wet RDF floccules obtained after the RDF is extracted in the step (c) and oversize products which are crushed in the step (d) and are larger than 80mm by using RDF cleaning equipment to obtain dehydrated RDF crude products and RDF cleaning slurry; (f) And (e) performing air separation on the RDF crude product obtained after cleaning and dehydration in the step (e) to obtain refined RDF and metal. The device utilizes the drum sieve to sieve, but the bag-breaking machine all can only carry out the breakage to the disposal bag of outside, and among the actual domestic waste, often appear having a plurality of little wrapping bags in the disposal bag, can not break the inside little wrapping bag to then, the waste battery follows the less rubbish of other sizes and spills through sieving a section of thick bamboo together, and handles together with the less rubbish of other sizes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for separating waste batteries from domestic garbage, aiming at solving the problem that the existing garbage screening equipment cannot screen the waste batteries to cause the waste batteries and other garbage to be processed together to cause greater environmental pollution, and the method can improve the garbage screening effect, screen the waste batteries from the garbage, thereby performing centralized treatment on the waste batteries and avoiding the problem of greater environmental pollution caused by the waste batteries and other garbage being processed together.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the method for separating the waste batteries from the household garbage is characterized by comprising a screening device, wherein the method for separating the waste batteries by using the screening device comprises the following steps:
(1) Conveying the domestic garbage into a screening device;
(2) Driving a cylinder body of the screening device to rotate and cutting and crushing packaging bags in the household garbage so as to expose the household garbage in the cylinder body;
(3) And separating the domestic garbage by using different centrifugal forces generated by different kinds of domestic garbage so as to collect the waste batteries from the domestic garbage.
In some embodiments, the screening device includes a machine body, a cylinder body is installed on the machine body, the cylinder body is in a horn shape with a large upper end and a small lower end, a driving motor for driving the cylinder body to rotate is installed on the machine body, a material conveying mechanism for inputting household garbage into the cylinder body is arranged on the cylinder body, a sealing cover is arranged on the upper section of the cylinder body in a matching mode, a first output port for outputting waste batteries is formed in the upper portion of the cylinder body, a second output port for outputting fine garbage is arranged on the cylinder body in a matching mode, and a third output port for outputting other garbage is arranged on the cylinder body above the first output port.
In some embodiments, the barrel includes barrel and lower barrel, install the well barrel that can rotate between last barrel and the lower barrel, offer on the well barrel and be used for communicateing each other with defeated material mechanism and be used for to the feed inlet of inputing domestic waste in the barrel, the feed inlet sets up along the tangential direction of well barrel, be provided with a plurality of first cutting blade that are used for cutting the wrapping bag on the inner wall of well barrel, the lower extreme of going up the barrel and the upper end of lower barrel are seted up and are annular mounting groove, the upper end and the lower extreme of well barrel all install and are used for deepening the mounting groove and be annular erection support, install second cutting blade on the erection support, offer the play edge of a knife that is used for extending second cutting blade on last barrel and the lower barrel.
In some embodiments, the mounting support is in a ring shape, a plurality of second cutting blades are hinged on the side surface of the mounting support facing the exit edge, the other ends of the second cutting blades are provided with springs, one end parts of the springs are connected with the second cutting blades, and the other end parts of the springs are connected with the mounting support, so that the second cutting blades are obliquely mounted on the mounting support; the first cutting blade is obliquely arranged on the inner wall of the middle cylinder body, and the inclination directions of the first cutting blade and the second cutting blade are opposite.
In some embodiments, the mounting groove is internally provided with a sliding groove at the upper end and the lower end of the knife outlet, a sliding plate capable of sliding in the sliding groove is arranged in the sliding groove, a return spring is arranged between the sliding plate and the inner bottom of the sliding groove so that the sliding plate at the upper part and the lower part in the mounting groove can jointly shield the knife outlet, the end part of the sliding plate facing the knife outlet is provided with a trapezoidal groove, the trapezoidal grooves of the two sliding plates jointly form a wedge shape, and the second cutting blade is provided with a guide part mutually clamped with the wedge shape.
In some embodiments, at least two steps are arranged on the inner wall of the upper cylinder along the inner circumferential wall of the upper cylinder, the width of each step is matched with the diameter of the waste battery, the width of the step below is smaller than that of the step above, the step surface of each step has the highest position and the lowest position, the lowest position of the step surface of each step gradually rises to the highest position of the step surface of each step, the first output port is located at the highest position of the step surface, a collecting cover fixed on the machine body is arranged on the periphery of the upper cylinder, a guide groove is arranged on the collecting cover corresponding to the first output port of each step surface, the height of the guide groove is larger than that of the first output port, so that the guide groove can shield the first output port, the guide groove is arranged on the collecting cover, the height of the collecting cover gradually changes and has the lowest part, and the waste battery outlet communicated with the guide groove is arranged at the bottommost of the collecting cover corresponding to the guide groove.
In some embodiments, a sealing door capable of being opened is arranged on the upper cylinder body corresponding to the first output port through a pin shaft, and the pin shaft sleeve is provided with a torsion spring.
In some embodiments, at least one detection plate is arranged on the step surface of the step, a pressure sensor is arranged on the detection plate, and a push block for pushing an article on the detection plate out of the step is arranged on the upper cylinder body at a position corresponding to the pressure sensor; the pressure sensor is electrically connected with a controller, the controller compares the pressure value of the pressure sensor with standard pressure values generated by various standard waste batteries at the rotating speed of the upper barrel, and controls the movement of the push block according to the comparison result.
In some embodiments, a suction pipe is arranged in the cylinder, the lower end of the suction pipe extends into the lower cylinder, the upper end of the suction pipe penetrates out of the sealing cover, a negative pressure fan used for providing negative pressure in the suction pipe is arranged on the machine body, the lower end of the suction pipe is a second output port of the cylinder, and the lower end of the suction pipe is located below the feed port.
In some embodiments, the suction tube includes an inner tube and an outer tube sleeved on the periphery of the inner tube, the second output port is a lower end of the inner tube, a blowing cavity is formed between the outer tube and the inner tube, a blower for blowing air into the blowing cavity is installed on the body, and a plurality of first blowing holes which are inclined upward and communicated with the blowing cavity and a plurality of second blowing holes which are inclined downward and communicated with the blowing cavity are formed in the outer tube.
In some embodiments, the inner bottom of the lower barrel is provided with an annular magnetic ring for adsorbing ironwork in the household garbage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
when the method for separating the waste batteries from the household garbage is used, the household garbage is firstly input along the tangential direction of the middle barrel through the conveying mechanism, the upper barrel and the lower barrel rotate under the driving action of the driving motor, so that the upper barrel, the lower barrel and the middle barrel rotate mutually, the household garbage moves along the inner wall of the barrel under the action of centrifugal force, the first cutting knife and the second cutting knife of the middle barrel cut and crush packaging bags in the household garbage, the packaging bags (such as plastic packaging bags) in the household garbage are cut and crushed, the household garbage and the packaging bags are separated mutually, the household garbage is completely exposed in the barrel and centrifugally moves in the barrel, and fine garbage in the household garbage is gradually gathered at the middle position of the barrel due to low density, and is discharged from the inner pipe body of the suction pipe under the actions of the injection of the second injection blowing hole and the negative pressure adsorption of the first output port. And the bulky, the great rubbish of density removes along the inner wall of barrel (last barrel, lower barrel and well barrel) because centrifugal force is great, because the barrel is the horn mouth form, consequently, the bulky, the great rubbish of density can be along the gradual upward movement of the inner wall of barrel, when old and useless battery (belong to the great rubbish of density in domestic waste) meets the step of last barrel, slide along the step under the effect of sheltering from of step, finally discharge from the second delivery outlet, thereby realize the alternate segregation of old and useless battery and other rubbish. While the remaining waste is discharged from the third outlet.
The invention solves the problem that the waste batteries placed in the waste bag can not be screened by the waste screening device in the prior art, so that the waste batteries and other wastes are treated together to cause environmental pollution, and solves the problem that the waste batteries are missed in manual screening in the packaging bag.
Compared with the mode of cutting and crushing the packaging bag by using a rotary cutter in the prior art, the first cutting blade and the second cutting blade are arranged on the middle cylinder, on one hand, when the packaging bag is cut by the first cutting blade and the second cutting blade, only one side of the packaging bag is contacted, so that the packaging bag is cut into a strip of openings, and when the packaging bag is hung on the first cutting blade, the running speed of the packaging bag containing garbage is suddenly reduced, so that the packaging bag is gradually and completely torn by pulling the packaging bag by using inertia; when the packaging bag is hung on the second cutting blade, the second cutting blade can be retracted from the knife outlet of the upper barrel, and the packaging bag can be thrown down again to be cut by other first cutting blades and/or second cutting blades until the packaging bag is cut. Therefore, the invention can reduce the crushing influence on the garbage when the packaging bag is opened, so as to facilitate the garbage screening and improve the effect of screening various types of garbage. And because among the prior art rotary knife and the extruded mode when cutting the wrapping bag, it is very obvious to rubbish self crushing effect, lead to follow-up in the screening with different types of rubbish screening mix together and influence the treatment effect of follow-up rubbish.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a middle cylinder according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a second cutting blade of the present invention mounted on a mounting bracket;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of another angle of the second cutting blade of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the knife-out edge on the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the slide plate at the knife outlet on the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a step on the upper cylinder according to the present invention;
the labels in the figure are: 1. a machine body, 2, a driving motor, 3, a cylinder, 31, an upper cylinder, 311, a first outlet, 312, a mounting groove, 313, a knife outlet, 314, a sliding groove, 315, a sliding plate, 316, a return spring, 317, a trapezoidal groove, 318, a step, 319, a detection plate, 3110, a push block, 3111, a linear motor, 32, a lower cylinder, 33, a middle cylinder, 331, a first cutting blade, 332, a mounting seat, 333, a second cutting blade, 334, a guide part, 335, a roller wheel, 336, a pin, 337, a spring, 4, a feeding mechanism, 41, a feed hopper, 42, a feeding channel, 43, a push plate cylinder, 44, a push plate, 5, a second outlet, 6, a third outlet, 7, a collecting cover, 71, a guide groove, 72, an output channel, 8, 9, a suction pipe, 91, an inner cylinder, 92, a blowing body, 93, an outer pipe cavity, 94, a first blowing hole, 95, a second blowing hole, 10, a negative pressure blowing hole, 11, a blower, 12, a sealing cover, a magnet ring, and a magnet.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, which are intended to illustrate only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments used by those skilled in the art without any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; furthermore, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly and encompass, for example, both fixed and removable coupling as well as integral coupling; they may be mechanically coupled, directly coupled, indirectly coupled through intervening media, or may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
With the attached drawings, the method for separating the waste batteries from the household garbage comprises a screening device, and the separation of the waste batteries by using the screening device comprises the following steps:
(1) Conveying the domestic garbage into a screening device;
(2) The barrel of the screening device is driven to rotate, and the packaging bags in the household garbage are cut and crushed so that the household garbage is exposed in the barrel;
(3) The domestic garbage is separated by using different centrifugal forces generated by different types of domestic garbage, so that the waste batteries are collected from the domestic garbage.
In some embodiments, the screening device includes a machine body 1, a cylinder 3 is installed on the machine body 1, the cylinder 3 is in a horn shape with a large upper end and a small lower end, a driving motor 2 for driving the cylinder 3 to rotate is installed on the machine body 1, a material conveying mechanism 4 for inputting household garbage into the cylinder 3 is arranged on the cylinder 3, a sealing cover 6 is arranged on the upper section of the cylinder 3 in a matching manner, a first output port 311 for outputting waste batteries is arranged on the upper portion of the cylinder 3, a second output port 5 for outputting fine garbage is arranged on the cylinder 3 in a matching manner, and a third output port 6 for outputting other garbage is arranged on the cylinder 3 above the first output port 311.
The material conveying mechanism 4 is used for inputting the household garbage into the barrel 3, and the specific structure of the material conveying mechanism 4 is not described in detail in the present invention, for example, the material conveying mechanism 4 includes a feeding hopper 41, a feeding channel 42 is provided at the lower end of the feeding hopper 41, a pushing plate 44 is installed in the feeding channel, the pushing plate 44 is driven by an electric telescopic rod or a pushing plate cylinder 43 to slide in the feeding channel 42, so as to push the household garbage entering the feeding hopper 41 into the barrel 3.
In some embodiments, the barrel 3 includes an upper barrel 31 and a lower barrel 32, a middle barrel 33 capable of rotating between the upper barrel 31 and the lower barrel 32 is installed between the upper barrel 31 and the lower barrel 32, a feed inlet for communicating with the feeding mechanism 4 and inputting the domestic garbage into the barrel 3 is formed in the middle barrel 33, the feed inlet is formed along a tangential direction of the middle barrel, a plurality of first cutting blades 331 for cutting the packaging bag are arranged on an inner wall of the middle barrel 33, annular mounting grooves 312 are formed in the lower end of the upper barrel 31 and the upper end of the lower barrel 332, annular mounting supports 332 for penetrating into the mounting grooves 312 are installed at the upper end and the lower end of the middle barrel 33, second cutting blades are installed on the mounting supports 332, and knife outlets 313 for extending out the second cutting blades are formed in the upper barrel 31 and the lower barrel 32.
In the specific implementation process, the roller 335 is installed at both the upper end of the middle cylinder 33 and the lower end of the middle cylinder through the pin shaft 336, and the circumferential surface of the roller 335 is in contact with the side wall of the annular installation groove 312, so that the middle cylinder 33 is rotatably connected with the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder.
According to the invention, the middle barrel body is arranged between the upper barrel body and the lower barrel body, so that when the upper barrel body and the lower barrel body rotate, the middle barrel body does not rotate, the household garbage just entering from the middle barrel body can fall under the action of self weight, and therefore, fine garbage in the household garbage can enter the bottom of the lower barrel body along with the household garbage, and the centrifugal acting force caused by the centrifugal force is smaller because the inner diameter of the lower barrel body is smaller than that of the upper barrel body, so that the garbage can be primarily screened (such as large garbage, large light garbage, fine garbage and garbage with larger mass) conveniently under the condition, and the garbage screening effect is improved. In the prior art, screening cylinders for screening are all cylindrical and are basically fed into the cylindrical screening cylinder from the top or the bottom (screening is performed by using the aperture size of the screening cylinder), and in this way, various wastes are easily mixed with each other, so that the waste screening effect is poor (or the required time is long). And this application carries out the mode of feeding through tubaeform barrel and from the middle part of barrel (promptly the well barrel), can utilize the dead weight of various rubbish to tentatively sieve at the in-process of whereabouts on the one hand, and on the other hand utilizes the barrel of reducing to combine the centrifugal force size of rubbish to come progressively to separate to reach the effect that improves rubbish kind and sieve, improve follow-up refuse treatment's efficiency and quality.
In some embodiments, the upper cylinder 31 and the lower cylinder 32 are connected to each other by a connecting rod to form a whole, and the upper end and the lower end of the connecting rod are connected to the inner walls of the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder, respectively, so as to realize a rigid connection between the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder. Preferably, the side of connecting rod is the arcwall face to reduce the barrier effect of connecting rod to the rubbish in the barrel.
In some embodiments, the rotation speed of the upper cylinder 31 is different from that of the lower cylinder 32, and preferably, the rotation speed of the upper cylinder 31 is greater than that of the lower cylinder 32. Thereby make the centrifugal force effect of barrel 32 less down, and the centrifugal force of last barrel is great for rubbish is longer in the barrel time that stops down so that improve the separation effect at the rotation in-process, and because centrifugal force effect is big in last barrel, rubbish after the preliminary screening is quick under great centrifugal force effect is separately, improves the mutual separation's of rubbish after the screening speed, finally reaches the effect that improves rubbish screening effect. When the rotating speeds of the upper barrel and the lower barrel are different, the upper barrel and the lower barrel are respectively driven to rotate by a driving motor, for example, the lower part of the machine body is provided with a driving motor for driving the lower barrel to rotate, and the sealing cover (the sealing cover is rotationally connected with the upper barrel) is provided with a driving motor for driving the upper barrel to rotate; or two driving motors are arranged on the machine body to respectively drive the upper barrel body and the lower barrel body to rotate.
In some embodiments, the mounting base 332 is annular, the side of the mounting base 332 facing the exit edge 313 is hinged with a plurality of second cutting blades 333, the other end of the second cutting blades 333 is mounted with a spring 337, one end of the spring 337 is connected with the second cutting blades 333, and the other end of the spring 337 is connected with the mounting base 332 so that the second cutting blades 333 are obliquely mounted on the mounting base 332; the first cutting blade 331 is obliquely disposed on the inner wall of the middle cylinder 33, and the first cutting blade is opposite to the second cutting blade in the oblique direction. The structural design of the first cutting blade and the second cutting blade of this application for can enough utilize the cutting of first cutting blade and second cutting blade to come broken wrapping bag, can tear the wrapping bag in the pulling effect in the motion process again simultaneously. Thereby make this application when using, can enough tear the wrapping bag completely in order to expose rubbish, can not carry out too much cutting breakage to the wrapping bag simultaneously again, avoided because wrapping bag and other rubbish multidimension cutting breakage and lead to rubbish to mix the problem that is difficult to the screening.
Preferably, in order to reduce the cutting and crushing effect of the first cutting blade and the second cutting blade on the garbage, the length of the first cutting blade and the second cutting blade which penetrate into the barrel body is less than or equal to 5mm.
In some embodiments, the mounting groove 312 is provided with sliding grooves 314 at the upper end and the lower end of the knife-out edge, sliding plates 315 capable of sliding in the sliding grooves are mounted in the sliding grooves 314, a return spring 316 is mounted between the sliding plates 315 and the inner bottom of the sliding grooves 315 so that the sliding plates 315 at the upper part and the lower part in the mounting groove 312 can jointly shield the knife-out edge 313, the end of the sliding plate 315 facing the knife-out edge is provided with a trapezoidal groove 317, the trapezoidal grooves of the two sliding plates jointly form a wedge shape, and the second cutting blade 333 is provided with a guide portion 334 mutually clamped with the wedge shape. Preferably, the opening length of the outlet is longer than that of the second cutting blade 333, so that the second cutting blade 333 can extend out of the outlet 313 to cut the packaging bag, and can retract under the squeezing action of the outlet, thereby avoiding the problem that the garbage is hung on the second cutting blade 333 due to larger centrifugal force, and reducing the winding problem of the flexible garbage in the garbage sieving process.
Meanwhile, the sliding plate 315 is structurally designed so that when the guide portion of the second cutting blade is matched with the trapezoidal groove on the sliding plate, the second cutting blade retracts, the knife outlet 313 can be shielded, and the garbage can be effectively prevented from overflowing from the knife outlet 313.
In some embodiments, the inner wall of the upper cylinder 31 has at least two steps 318 arranged along the inner circumferential wall of the upper cylinder, the width of each step 318 is matched with the diameter of a waste battery, the width of the step below is smaller than the width of the step above, the step surface of each step has the highest position and the lowest position, the lowest position of the step surface of the step gradually rises to the highest position of the step surface of the step, the first output port 311 is located at the highest position of the step surface, the outer periphery of the upper cylinder 31 is provided with the collecting cover 7 fixed on the machine body 1, the collecting cover 7 is provided with a guide groove 71 corresponding to the position of the first output port 311 of each step surface, the height of the guide groove 71 is greater than that of the first output port so that the guide groove 71 can block the first output port 311, the guide groove 71 is arranged at the gradually changing height of the collecting cover 7 and has the lowest part, and the collecting cover 7 is provided with a waste battery outlet communicated with the guide groove 71 corresponding to the lowest part of the guide groove 71. So that the used batteries can be introduced into the guide groove 71 by inertia when discharged from the first outlet 311, and discharged from the used battery outlet on the collecting cover 7.
Preferably, the size of the step 318 can be designed according to the size of the number 7 battery, the number 5 battery and the number 1 battery which are commonly used in the market, so that the step 318 can just accommodate the waste battery. Preferably, the upper cylinder body is provided with a plurality of steps, and one of the steps is utilized to recover one type of waste batteries, so that the waste batteries can be classified, more importantly, the first output port can only pass one type of waste batteries, and the problem that other garbage is discharged along with the waste batteries due to the fact that the opening of the first output port is too large is solved.
In some embodiments, a position of the upper cylinder 31 corresponding to the first output port 311 is provided with a sealing door capable of being opened by a pin, and the pin is provided with a torsion spring, so that when the waste battery moves to the highest position in the step 318, the waste battery can impact the sealing door to enter the guide groove 311 under the action of centrifugal force. Therefore, the first output port 311 is in a closed state when no waste battery is arranged, and dust discharge is reduced.
The step 318 is gradually formed along the upper cylinder body from bottom to top, that is, the step 318 is a groove with a triangular cross section.
In some embodiments, at least one detection plate 319 is installed on the step surface 318 of the step, a pressure sensor is installed on the detection plate 319, a push block 3110 for pushing the object on the detection plate 319 out of the step 318 is disposed on the upper cylinder 31 at a position corresponding to the pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is electrically connected to a controller, the controller compares the pressure value of the pressure sensor with a standard pressure value generated by various standard waste batteries at the rotating speed of the upper cylinder, and controls the movement of the push block according to the comparison result. Because the size and the weight of the waste batteries are fixed, the pressure value of the step surface given to the step at the rotating speed is calculated according to the weight of the waste batteries, whether the article is the waste battery is judged according to the pressure value, if not, the article is pushed out from the step 318 by the push block 3110, and other garbage is effectively prevented from being discharged through the first output port 311.
In the specific implementation process, install linear electric motor 3111 on last barrel 31, utilize linear electric motor to drive ejector pad 3110 to carry out work.
In some embodiments, a suction pipe 9 is disposed inside the cylinder 3, a lower end of the suction pipe 9 extends into the lower cylinder, an upper end of the suction pipe 9 penetrates through the sealing cover 8, a negative pressure fan 10 for providing negative pressure into the suction pipe is disposed on the machine body 1, a lower end of the suction pipe 9 is the second output port 5 of the cylinder, and a lower end of the suction pipe is located below the feed port.
In some embodiments, the suction tube 9 includes an inner tube 94 and an outer tube 92 sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner tube, the second output port 5 is a lower end of the inner tube 91, a blowing cavity 93 is formed between the outer tube 92 and the inner tube 91, a blower 11 for blowing air into the blowing cavity 93 is installed on the machine body 1, and a plurality of first blowing holes 94 inclined upward and communicated with the blowing cavity 93 and a plurality of second blowing holes 95 inclined downward and communicated with the blowing cavity are formed on the outer tube 92.
According to the structural design of the suction pipe 9, when the garbage can is used, the characteristic that fine garbage is easy to gather in the middle of the can body is utilized, and meanwhile, the structural design of the first blowing holes and the second blowing holes enables the garbage to be driven to move downwards by providing downward wind when the household garbage enters the can body from the feeding hole; the dust is effectively prevented from rising, the dust is discharged from the second output port 5 under the action of blowing and negative pressure, the garbage gradually floats upwards along with the increasing centrifugal force action of the garbage, and when the dust floats to the first blowing hole 94 at the lowest part, the upward movement of the garbage can be accelerated, and the garbage screening speed is increased; meanwhile, the light large garbage (such as cut and crushed plastic bags) has the characteristic of high floating speed under the action of blowing, and is finally discharged from the third output port 6.
In the specific implementation process, a plurality of third output ports 6 with different heights can be arranged on the upper barrel 31, so that the garbage can be screened again.
Preferably, an output channel 72 corresponding to the third output port 6 is provided in the collecting cover 7 to facilitate the centralized collection.
In some embodiments, the inner bottom of the lower cylinder 32 is provided with a magnetic ring 12 having a ring shape for adsorbing ironwork in the household garbage, so that the ironwork in the household garbage is adsorbed by the magnetic ring.
When the method for separating the waste batteries from the household garbage is used, the household garbage is firstly input along the tangential direction of the middle cylinder through the conveying mechanism, the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder rotate under the driving action of the driving motor, so that the upper cylinder, the lower cylinder and the middle cylinder rotate mutually, the household garbage moves along the inner wall of the cylinder under the action of centrifugal force, the first cutting knife and the second cutting knife of the middle cylinder cut and crush packaging bags in the household garbage, and then the packaging bags (such as plastic packaging bags) in the household garbage are cut and crushed to separate the household garbage and the packaging bags from each other, so that the household garbage is completely exposed in the cylinder and centrifugally moves in the cylinder, and fine garbage in the household garbage is gradually gathered at the middle position of the cylinder due to low density, and is discharged from the inner pipe body of the suction pipe under the actions of the injection of the second injection hole and the negative pressure adsorption of the first output port. And the bulky, the great rubbish of density removes along the inner wall of barrel (last barrel, lower barrel and well barrel) because centrifugal force is great, because the barrel is the horn mouth form, consequently, the bulky, the great rubbish of density can be along the gradual upward movement of the inner wall of barrel, when old and useless battery (belong to the great rubbish of density in domestic waste) meets the step of last barrel, slide along the step under the effect of sheltering from of step, finally discharge from the second delivery outlet, thereby realize the alternate segregation of old and useless battery and other rubbish. While the remaining waste is discharged from the third outlet.
The garbage screening device solves the problem that the garbage screening device in the prior art cannot screen the waste batteries placed in the garbage bag, so that the waste batteries and other garbage are treated together to cause environmental pollution, and solves the problem that the waste batteries are missed when being screened manually in the packaging bag.
Compared with the mode of cutting and crushing the packaging bag by using a rotary cutter in the prior art, the first cutting blade and the second cutting blade are arranged on the middle cylinder, on one hand, when the packaging bag is cut by the first cutting blade and the second cutting blade, only one side of the packaging bag is contacted, so that the packaging bag is cut into a strip of openings, and when the packaging bag is hung on the first cutting blade, the running speed of the packaging bag containing garbage is suddenly reduced, so that the packaging bag is gradually and completely torn by pulling the packaging bag by using inertia; when the packaging bag is hung on the second cutting blade, the packaging bag can be thrown down again to be cut by the other first cutting blade and/or the second cutting blade until the packaging bag is cut off, because the second cutting blade can retract from the knife outlet of the upper barrel. Therefore, the invention can reduce the crushing influence on the garbage when the packaging bag is opened, so as to facilitate the garbage screening and improve the effect of screening various types of garbage. And because among the prior art rotary knife and the extruded mode when cutting the wrapping bag, it is very obvious to rubbish self crushing effect, lead to follow-up in the screening with different types of rubbish screening mix together and influence the treatment effect of follow-up rubbish.
Without in any way restricting the invention in any way and in any way, it should be noted that a person skilled in the art will be able to make several improvements and additions without departing from the method of the invention, which shall also be regarded as the scope of protection of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications and equivalent arrangements to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; meanwhile, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolutions of the above embodiments according to the essential technology of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for separating waste batteries from household garbage is characterized by comprising a screening device, wherein the step of separating the waste batteries by using the screening device comprises the following steps:
(1) Conveying the domestic garbage into a screening device;
(2) Driving a cylinder body of the screening device to rotate and cutting and crushing packaging bags in the household garbage so as to expose the household garbage in the cylinder body;
(3) The domestic garbage is separated by using different centrifugal forces generated by different types of domestic garbage, so that the waste batteries are collected from the domestic garbage.
2. The method for separating waste batteries from household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the screening device comprises a machine body, and is characterized in that a cylinder is mounted on the machine body, the cylinder is in a horn shape with a large upper end and a small lower end, a driving motor for driving the cylinder to rotate is mounted on the machine body, a feeding mechanism for feeding household garbage into the cylinder is arranged on the cylinder, a sealing cover is arranged at the upper section of the cylinder, a first outlet for outputting the waste batteries is arranged at the upper part of the cylinder, a second outlet for outputting fine garbage is arranged on the cylinder, and a third outlet for outputting other garbage is arranged on the cylinder above the first outlet.
3. The method for separating waste batteries from household garbage according to claim 2, wherein the barrel comprises an upper barrel and a lower barrel, a middle barrel capable of rotating between the upper barrel and the lower barrel is installed between the upper barrel and the lower barrel, a feed inlet for communicating with a material conveying mechanism and feeding household garbage into the barrel is formed in the middle barrel, the feed inlet is arranged along a tangential direction of the middle barrel, a plurality of first cutting blades for cutting the packaging bag are arranged on the inner wall of the middle barrel, annular mounting grooves are formed in the lower end of the upper barrel and the upper end of the lower barrel, annular mounting supports for penetrating into the mounting grooves are installed at the upper end and the lower end of the middle barrel, second cutting blades are installed on the mounting supports, and an outlet for extending out the second cutting blades is formed in the upper barrel and the lower barrel.
4. The method for separating the waste batteries by the household garbage according to claim 3, wherein the mounting base is in a ring shape, a plurality of second cutting blades are hinged on the side surface of the mounting base facing to the outlet edge, the other ends of the second cutting blades are provided with springs, one end parts of the springs are connected with the second cutting blades, and the other end parts of the springs are connected on the mounting base so that the second cutting blades are obliquely arranged on the mounting base; the first cutting blade is obliquely arranged on the inner wall of the middle cylinder body, and the first cutting blade and the second cutting blade are oblique in opposite directions.
5. The method for separating waste batteries according to claim 3, wherein sliding grooves are formed in the mounting groove at the upper end and the lower end of the knife outlet, sliding plates capable of sliding in the sliding grooves are mounted in the sliding grooves, a return spring is mounted between each sliding plate and the inner bottom of each sliding groove, so that the sliding plates at the upper part and the lower part in the mounting groove can jointly block the knife outlet, a trapezoidal groove is formed in the end part of each sliding plate facing the knife outlet, the trapezoidal grooves of the two sliding plates jointly form a wedge shape, and the second cutting blade is provided with a guide part mutually clamped with the wedge shape.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the inner wall of the upper cylinder has at least two steps along the inner circumferential wall of the upper cylinder, the steps have a width matched with the diameter of the waste battery, the step at the lower part has a width smaller than that of the step at the upper part, the step surface of each step has a highest part and a lowest part, the lowest part of the step surface of the step gradually increases to the highest part of the step surface of the step, the first outlet is located at the highest part of the step surface, the outer periphery of the upper cylinder is provided with a collecting cover fixed on the machine body, a guide groove is arranged on the collecting cover corresponding to the first outlet of each step surface, the height of the guide groove is greater than that of the first outlet so that the guide groove can cover the first outlet, the guide groove is arranged on the collecting cover, the height of the collecting cover gradually changes and has a lowest part, and the collecting cover is provided with a waste battery outlet communicated with the guide groove corresponding to the lowest part of the guide groove.
7. The method for separating the waste batteries from the household garbage as claimed in claim 6, wherein a sealing door capable of being opened is arranged on the upper cylinder body at a position corresponding to the first output port through a pin shaft, and the pin shaft sleeve is provided with a torsion spring.
8. The method for separating waste batteries from household garbage according to claim 1, wherein at least one detection plate is installed on the step surface of the step, a pressure sensor is installed on the detection plate, a push block for pushing the object on the detection plate out of the step is arranged on the upper cylinder body at a position corresponding to the pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is electrically connected with a controller, the controller compares the pressure value of the pressure sensor with the standard pressure value generated by various standard waste batteries at the rotating speed of the upper cylinder body, and controls the movement of the push block according to the comparison result.
9. The method for separating the waste batteries from the household garbage according to claim 1, wherein a suction pipe is arranged in the cylinder, the lower end of the suction pipe extends into the lower cylinder, the upper end of the suction pipe penetrates through the sealing cover, a negative pressure fan for providing negative pressure into the suction pipe is arranged on the machine body, the lower end of the suction pipe is a second output port of the cylinder, and the lower end of the suction pipe is located below the feed port.
10. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the suction pipe comprises an inner pipe and an outer pipe sleeved on the periphery of the inner pipe, the second outlet is the lower end of the inner pipe, a blowing cavity is formed between the outer pipe and the inner pipe, a blower for blowing air into the blowing cavity is mounted on the body, and the outer pipe is provided with a plurality of first blowing holes which are inclined upwards and communicated with the blowing cavity and a plurality of second blowing holes which are inclined downwards and communicated with the blowing cavity.
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