CN115259785A - 一种基于湿拌料搅拌技术制备气凝胶聚苯保温板的方法 - Google Patents
一种基于湿拌料搅拌技术制备气凝胶聚苯保温板的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于湿拌料搅拌技术制备气凝胶聚苯保温板的方法,包括:A、将水泥、填充料、减水剂、胶黏剂按比例混合,再加入水搅拌形成水泥浆料;B、将步骤A得到的水泥浆料与EPS颗粒混合搅拌,包裹在EPS颗粒的表面,形成湿拌颗粒料;C、将步骤B得到的湿拌颗粒料通过分散搅拌与疏水气凝胶颗粒混合,形成气凝胶聚苯颗粒;D、将步骤C得到的混合均匀的气凝胶聚苯颗粒倒入模具,按一定压缩比压缩成型,然后放置1‑3天,待保温板硬化后脱模;E、将硬化后的大块保温板立方体,自然条件放置3‑5天,切割制成保温板。本发明的湿拌料搅拌技术能够实现疏水气凝胶均匀分散聚苯保温板中,有效降低导热系数并增加其不燃性,且不造成强度的损失。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于保温材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种基于湿拌料搅拌技术制备气凝胶聚苯保温板的方法。
背景技术
根据有关规定,要求民用建筑外保温材料需采用燃烧性能为A级的材料,目前市场上使用的A级不燃保温板主要有岩棉板、泡沫混凝土、无机保温砂浆、发泡水泥板等,但是这些无机保温材料的导热系数普遍较高,不具有一个良好的节能隔热效果,而有机保温材料虽然有良好的隔热性能,但是有机物本身的防火性能较差,大多数为B级,因此亟需一种既满足有良好的隔热效果又能够达到A级不燃的优异保温材料。
二氧化硅气凝胶丰富的纳米孔结构能有效抑制气体分子的对流传导,加之功能性材料对热辐射的吸收、反射,可使材料600℃时的导热系数在0.012W/m·k,具有高孔隙率,低热导率特点。因此将具有优异隔热性能的硅气凝胶复合到胶粉聚苯保温板中,可以克服现有有机保温材料防火性能差、耐久性差、机械强度低等缺点。但是由于二氧化硅气凝胶的疏水特性,导致其与胶粉聚苯颗粒保温板的复合难,或者复合后气凝胶存在大量的抱团现象,使保温板的导热性能没有改变,反而大大降低了保温板的抗压强度。因此还需要开发新的工艺以解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于湿拌料搅拌技术制备气凝胶聚苯保温板的方法,能够实现疏水气凝胶均匀分散聚苯保温板中。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种基于湿拌料搅拌技术制备气凝胶聚苯保温板的方法,包括以下步骤:
A、将水泥800-1200份、填充料0-100份、减水剂6-10份、胶黏剂20-30份混合,再加入水400-450份,混合搅拌60-90s形成水泥浆料;
B、将步骤A得到的水泥浆料与80-120份EPS颗粒混合搅拌90-120s,包裹在EPS颗粒的表面,形成湿拌颗粒料;
C、将步骤B得到的湿拌颗粒料通过分散搅拌与10-30份疏水气凝胶颗粒混合90-120s,形成气凝胶聚苯颗粒;
D、将步骤C得到的混合均匀的气凝胶聚苯颗粒倒入模具,按设计压缩比压缩成型,然后放置1-3天,待保温板硬化后脱模;
E、将步骤D得到的硬化后的大块保温板立方体,自然条件放置3-5天,切割制成保温板。
优选的,步骤A中,所述水泥为普通硅酸盐水泥和/或硫铝酸盐水泥,强度等级为42.5或52.5;所述减水剂为聚羧酸类减水剂,减水率在20%-30%之间;所述胶黏剂为羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC),粘度为6w-10w。
优选的,步骤B中,所述EPS颗粒为石墨烯改性的经二次发泡颗粒,颗粒粒径在2-5mm。
优选的,步骤C中,所述气凝胶为疏水性二氧化硅气凝胶,粒径为1-100nm。
优选的,步骤C中,所述湿拌料颗粒与气凝胶搅拌是在密闭的卧轴式搅拌机内,搅拌时间90-120s。
优选的,步骤D中,所述压缩比在30%-60%。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1.疏水性气凝胶在与胶粉聚苯颗粒保温板复合的过程中,由于气凝胶的疏水性导致复合难度大,或者复合后气凝胶存在大量的抱团现象,使保温板的导热性能没有改变,反而大大降低了保温板的抗压强度,湿拌料搅拌技术能够实现疏水气凝胶均匀分散聚苯保温板中,有效的降低导热系数并增加其不燃性,且不造成强度的损失。
2.本发明的制备工艺环保无毒,操作简单,便于实施,通过在工艺上的改进实现气凝胶与聚苯颗粒保温板的复合,便于实现产业化的发展,形成高效的生产线,促进我国绿色建筑节能减排的发展。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例中各原料的配比均为重量份数。
实施例1
A、水泥浆料的制备:先将PO52.5普通硅酸盐水泥800份、填充料100份、聚羧酸减水剂6份、羟丙基甲基纤维素20份干粉混合搅拌60s,然后加入400份的水搅拌60s,形成水泥浆料;
B、将80份的EPS颗粒二次发泡后与步骤A中形成的水泥浆料混合,在密闭的卧轴式搅拌机中搅拌90s,使水泥浆料充分包裹在EPS颗粒的表面,形成湿拌颗粒料;
C、将湿拌颗粒料与10份疏水二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒混合进入密闭的搅拌机中充分搅拌90s,使气凝胶均匀的粘结在湿拌料颗粒的表面;
D、混合均匀的气凝胶聚苯颗粒倒入模具,采用4MPa的压力按照3:2的压缩比压缩成型,然后放置1天,待保温板硬化后脱模;
E、脱模后,自然条件放置3天,切割成30cm厚的样品保温板进行测试。
实施例2
A、水泥浆料的制备:先将PO52.5普通硅酸盐水泥1000份、填充料50份、聚羧酸减水剂8份、羟丙基甲基纤维素25份干粉混合搅拌90s,然后加入450份的水搅拌60s,形成水泥浆料;
B、将100份的EPS颗粒二次发泡后与步骤A中形成的水泥浆料混合在密闭的卧轴式搅拌机中搅拌120s,使水泥浆料充分的包裹在EPS颗粒的表面,形成湿拌颗粒料;
C、将湿拌颗粒料与20份的疏水气凝胶颗粒混合进入密闭的搅拌机中充分搅拌120s,使气凝胶均匀的粘结在湿拌料颗粒的表面;
D、混合均匀的气凝胶聚苯颗粒倒入模具,采用4MPa的压力按照5:3的压缩比压缩成型,然后放置1天,待保温板硬化后脱模;
E、脱模后,自然条件放置3天,切割成30cm厚的样品保温板进行测试。
实施例3
A、水泥浆料的制备:先将PO52.5普通硅酸盐水泥1200份、填充料0份、聚羧酸减水剂10份、羟丙基甲基纤维素30份干粉混合搅拌60s,然后加入450份的水搅拌90s,形成水泥浆料;
B、将120份的EPS颗粒二次发泡后与步骤A中形成的水泥浆料混合在密闭的卧轴式搅拌机中搅拌90s,使水泥浆料充分的包裹在EPS颗粒的表面,形成湿拌颗粒料;
C、将湿拌颗粒料与30份的疏水气凝胶颗粒混合进入密闭的搅拌机中充分搅拌90s,使气凝胶均匀的粘结在湿拌料颗粒的表面;
D、将混合均匀的气凝胶聚苯颗粒倒入模具,采用4MPa的压力按照5:4的压缩比压缩成型,然后放置1天,待保温板硬化后脱模;
E、脱模后,自然条件放置5天,切割成30cm厚的样品保温板进行测试。
对比例
A、水泥浆料的制备:先将PO52.5普通硅酸盐水泥1000份、填充料50份、聚羧酸减水剂8份、羟丙基甲基纤维素25份和疏水二氧化硅气凝胶20份混合搅拌90s,然后加入450份的水搅拌60s,形成水泥浆料;
B、将100份的EPS颗粒二次发泡后与步骤A中形成的水泥浆料混合在卧轴式搅拌机中搅拌120s,使水泥浆料充分的包裹在EPS颗粒的表面,形成湿拌颗粒料;
C、混合均匀的气凝胶聚苯颗粒倒入模具,采用4MPa的压力按照5:3的压缩比压缩成型,然后放置1天,待保温板硬化后脱模;
D、脱模后,自然条件放置3天,切割成30cm厚的样品保温板进行测试。
以上实施例中,使用的水泥除PO52.5普通硅酸盐水泥外,还可以使用PO42.5普通硅酸盐水泥、PO42.5硫铝酸盐水泥或PO52.5硫铝酸盐水泥等;使用的聚羧酸类减水剂的减水率在20%-30%之间;使用的羟丙基甲基纤维素的粘度为6w-10w;使用的EPS颗粒为石墨烯改性的经二次发泡颗粒,颗粒粒径在2-5mm;使用的疏水性二氧化硅气凝胶的粒径为1-100nm。
将不同工艺参数制备的产品性能依据JG/T 158-2013标准测试,测试结果见表1。
表1各实施例中的工艺参数及性能
由表1可知,本发明的实施例1~3通过湿拌料搅拌制备的气凝胶改性聚苯保温板产品具有较低的导热系数,相比市场上的胶粉聚苯保温板的导热系数在0.060左右,导热系数明显的降低,且强度没有改变,阻燃系数达到A2级,具有较好的保温隔热且阻燃的性能;而对比例1由于直接添加气凝胶,气凝胶分散不均匀,在保温板中抱团团聚,使保温板的强度明显下降导热系数明显较高,耐候性也明显降低,并且抱团的气凝胶在保温板中不能起到有效的作用,不能降低导热系数,所以对比例的导热系数较高。
本发明的制备工艺环保无毒,操作简单,便于实施,通过在工艺上的改进实现气凝胶与聚苯颗粒保温板的复合,便于实现产业化的发展,形成高效的生产线,促进我国绿色建筑节能减排的发展。
Claims (6)
1.一种基于湿拌料搅拌技术制备气凝胶聚苯保温板的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
A、将水泥800-1200份、填充料0-100份、减水剂6-10份、胶黏剂20-30份混合,再加入水400-450份,混合搅拌60-90s形成水泥浆料;
B、将步骤A得到的水泥浆料与80-120份EPS颗粒混合搅拌90-120s,包裹在EPS颗粒的表面,形成湿拌颗粒料;
C、将步骤B得到的湿拌颗粒料通过分散搅拌与10-30份疏水气凝胶颗粒混合90-120s,形成气凝胶聚苯颗粒;
D、将步骤C得到的混合均匀的气凝胶聚苯颗粒倒入模具,按设计压缩比压缩成型,然后放置1-3天,待保温板硬化后脱模;
E、将步骤D得到的硬化后的大块保温板立方体,自然条件放置3-5天,切割制成保温板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于湿拌料搅拌技术制备气凝胶聚苯保温板的方法,其特征在于,步骤A中,所述水泥为普通硅酸盐水泥和/或硫铝酸盐水泥,强度等级为42.5或52.5;所述减水剂为聚羧酸类减水剂,减水率在20%-30%之间;所述胶黏剂为羟丙基甲基纤维素,粘度为6w-10w。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于湿拌料搅拌技术制备气凝胶聚苯保温板的方法,其特征在于,步骤B中,所述EPS颗粒为石墨烯改性的经二次发泡颗粒,颗粒粒径在2-5mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于湿拌料搅拌技术制备气凝胶聚苯保温板的方法,其特征在于,步骤C中,所述气凝胶为疏水性二氧化硅气凝胶,粒径为1-100nm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于湿拌料搅拌技术制备气凝胶聚苯保温板的方法,其特征在于,步骤C中,所述湿拌料颗粒与气凝胶搅拌是在密闭的卧轴式搅拌机内,搅拌时间90-120s。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于湿拌料搅拌技术制备气凝胶聚苯保温板的方法,其特征在于,步骤D中,所述压缩比在30%-60%。
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