CN115255061B - Production process of aluminum alloy ultrahigh-strength bent section - Google Patents
Production process of aluminum alloy ultrahigh-strength bent section Download PDFInfo
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- CN115255061B CN115255061B CN202210847841.0A CN202210847841A CN115255061B CN 115255061 B CN115255061 B CN 115255061B CN 202210847841 A CN202210847841 A CN 202210847841A CN 115255061 B CN115255061 B CN 115255061B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
- B21D7/16—Auxiliary equipment, e.g. for heating or cooling of bends
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
- B21D7/16—Auxiliary equipment, e.g. for heating or cooling of bends
- B21D7/162—Heating equipment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a production process of an aluminum alloy ultrahigh-strength bent section, which relates to the technical field of manufacturing of aerospace aircrafts, high-speed trains, automobiles and the like, and the process method comprises the steps of carrying out slow heating and heat preservation treatment on an aluminum alloy blank; carrying out bidirectional differential hot extrusion and natural cooling on the aluminum alloy blank to obtain a bent section; carrying out strong restraint, off-line solid solution and quenching on the bent section; performing secondary bending forming of limiting deformation amount on the bent section at room temperature; and (4) carrying out strong constraint and aging treatment on the bent section. The invention can solve the problem that the prior art is difficult to consider the strength and the bending forming capability of the aluminum alloy section.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of section bar manufacturing, in particular to a production process of an aluminum alloy ultrahigh-strength bent section bar.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The usage amount of the high-strength aluminum alloy (2 series, 7 series and novel aluminum lithium alloy) section on aircrafts such as military aircrafts, civil aircrafts, carrier rockets and the like is respectively more than 15%, 65% and 70%, and the structural form of the section mainly comprises plates, sections, die forgings, wall plates and the like. The curved section bar with special radian requirement is used as skeleton members of longpurlins, frames, edge strips, reinforcing ribs and the like of the airplane body to play key roles in bearing force and meeting aerodynamic appearance of the airplane, and the ring frame section bar spliced by the curved section bar is an important skeleton member of the carrier rocket and has the functions of supporting and reinforcing the rocket body.
The main contradiction that restricts the forming and manufacturing of high-strength aluminum alloy bent sections represented by aluminum-lithium alloys is that the strength and bending forming ability of the sections are difficult to be compatible. When an aluminum alloy section with ultrahigh strength (yield strength of more than 600 MPa) is subjected to bending forming at room temperature, the bending degree is extremely limited, the bending radius is generally more than 1000mm, and products with extremely small bending radius (the bending radius is less than 1/2 of the maximum width of the section cross section, for example, less than 100 mm) cannot be manufactured. The bending degree of the section bar can be improved by heating the aluminum alloy section bar, but the heating can weaken and even thoroughly eliminate the thermomechanical treatment strengthening effect of the section bar, so that the strength of the bent section bar is greatly reduced, and the ultrahigh-strength mechanical property advantage is not provided any more.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the limitations of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a production process of an aluminum alloy ultrahigh-strength (yield strength is more than 600 MPa) bent section. The bent section prepared by the production process has ultrahigh strength, and solves the technical problem that the strength and the bending forming capability of the section in the prior art are difficult to be considered simultaneously.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a production process of an ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy bent section, which comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out slow heating and heat preservation treatment on an aluminum alloy blank;
s2, performing bidirectional differential hot extrusion and natural cooling on the aluminum alloy blank obtained in the step S1 to obtain a bent section;
s3, carrying out strong restraint, off-line solid solution and quenching on the bent section obtained in the step S2;
s4, carrying out secondary bending forming of limited deformation amount on the bent section obtained in the step S3 at room temperature;
and S5, carrying out strong constraint and aging treatment on the bent section obtained in the step S4.
Further, the conditions of the slow heating and heat preservation treatment in the step S1 are as follows: heating to 480-500 deg.C at a heating rate of 0.5-1.0 deg.C/min, and maintaining for 8-24h.
Further, the bidirectional differential thermal extrusion in step S2 is performed by applying different loading speeds to two ends of the heated blank by using two extrusion rods to extrude the heated blank at different speeds, so that the extruded profile is subjected to controllable bending deformation, and the key parameters of the bidirectional differential extrusion include extrusion speeds V of the two extrusion rods 1 And V 2 Cross-sectional area A of the billet b Cross-sectional area A of curved profile p Diameter D of circumscribed circle of cross section of curved profile p The maximum length L of the working belt of the extrusion die; in which the sum of the speeds of two extrusion rods (V) 1 +V 2 ) Is required to be in [ 3/(A) b /A p )]mm/s to [ 30/(A) b /A p )]Within the range of mm/s; by varying (V) within this speed range 1 -V 2 )/V 1 Of curved profilesA bend radius; the maximum length L of the working band of the extrusion die needs to be less than the diameter D of the circumscribed circle of the cross section of the bent section p 1/2 of (1).
Further, the conditions of the bidirectional differential hot extrusion in S2 are as follows: the blank temperature is 385-475 ℃, the extrusion container temperature is 420-450 ℃, and the extrusion die preheating temperature is 450-500 ℃.
Further, in the step S2, during bidirectional differential thermal extrusion, the temperature of the profile extruded from the extruder is controlled below 500 ℃, and the extruded profile is naturally cooled to room temperature.
Further, the off-line solid solution and quenching conditions of S3 are as follows: keeping the temperature within the temperature range of 490-530 ℃ for 1.5-3h, immediately putting the steel into room-temperature water for quenching, wherein the quenching transfer time is not more than 5s.
Further, the strong constraint applied to the curved profile in S3 and S5 means that the curved profile is fixed by the clamping and limiting tool to constrain all degrees of freedom of the profile.
Further, the secondary bending forming in the S4 is completed within 5 hours after the forming quenching, and the plastic deformation is controlled to be 2-6%.
Further, the aging treatment conditions in S5 are: the temperature is 150-170 ℃ and the time is 24-48h.
In another aspect of the invention, the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy bent section prepared by the production process is provided.
The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention are as follows:
the invention provides a production process method of bidirectional differential hot extrusion → solid solution, quenching → cold bending → aging, and the special process method mainly has the advantages of two aspects: firstly, through specific blank heat treatment and bidirectional differential hot extrusion process, not only can the section bar be prevented from generating hot cracks and crystal grains from growing up, but also the plastic deformation capacity of the aluminum alloy material can be greatly improved, and the bending degree of the section bar is obviously increased, so that the bent section bar with extremely small bending radius can be smoothly obtained. And secondly, by a special cold roll forming method (secondary bending forming), the residual stress after quenching can be effectively eliminated, the precision forming effect on the bent section is also achieved, and the deformation heat treatment strengthening effect of the bent section is fully exerted by regulating and controlling the deformation of the bending deformation. By adopting the whole process route and the specific limiting conditions of each process, the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy bent section with the yield strength of up to 600MPa and the bending radius of less than 1/2 of the maximum width of the section cross section can be produced.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
The application of the principles of the present invention will now be described in detail.
As described in the background art, the main contradiction in the forming manufacture of high-strength aluminum alloy bent sections represented by aluminum-lithium alloys is that the strength and the bending formability of the sections are difficult to be compatible, making it difficult to obtain aluminum alloy bent sections having ultra-high strength and extremely small bending radii. Therefore, the invention provides a production process method of an aluminum alloy ultrahigh-strength bent section.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a production process of an aluminum alloy ultrahigh-strength bent section by taking 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy as a raw material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, heating the 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy blank to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 1.0 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 24 hours.
And S2, performing bidirectional differential hot extrusion and natural cooling on the 2195 aluminum lithium alloy blank obtained in the step S1 to obtain a bent section.
In particular, the key parameters of the bidirectional differential hot extrusion comprise the extrusion speed V of two extrusion rods 1 And V 2 The cross-sectional area A of the billet b Cross-sectional area A of curved profile p Diameter D of circumscribed circle of cross section of curved profile p The maximum length L of the working belt of the extrusion die; in which the sum of the speeds of two extrusion rods (V) 1 +V 2 ) Is [ 3/(A) b /A p )]mm/s; in (1)V 1 +V 2 ) By changing (V) under defined conditions 1 -V 2 )/V 1 Regulating the bending radius of the bent section; the maximum length L of the working band of the extrusion die is required to be less than the diameter D of the circumscribed circle of the cross section of the bent section p 1/2 of (1).
The conditions of the bidirectional differential hot extrusion are as follows: the blank temperature is 475 ℃, the extrusion container temperature is 450 ℃, and the extrusion die preheating temperature is 500 ℃.
In the bidirectional differential thermal extrusion, the temperature of the section extruded from the extruder is controlled below 500 ℃, and the extruded section is naturally cooled to room temperature.
S3, fixing the extruded bent section through a clamping and limiting tool to restrain all degrees of freedom of the section, then carrying out heat preservation for 1.5h at the temperature of 530 ℃ for solution treatment, immediately putting the section into room-temperature water for quenching, and enabling the quenching transfer time to be not more than 5S.
And S4, carrying out secondary bending forming on the quenched bent section at room temperature within 5h, wherein the plastic deformation amount of the bending forming is controlled to be 6% so as to reduce residual stress caused in the quenching process, realize precise forming of the bent section, and enable the section to generate a quantitative work hardening effect.
S5, fixing the extruded bent section through a clamping and limiting tool to restrain all degrees of freedom of the section, and then carrying out aging treatment on the bent section at the temperature of 170 ℃ for 24 hours to further eliminate residual stress and obtain an aging strengthening effect.
The production process method can be used for producing the 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy bent section with ultrahigh strength and small residual stress, wherein the yield strength of the bent section is up to 600MPa, and the bending radius of the bent section is less than 1/2 of the maximum width of the section cross section.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a production process of an aluminum alloy ultrahigh-strength bent section by taking 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy as a raw material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, heating the 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy blank to 480 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 8 hours.
And S2, performing bidirectional differential hot extrusion and natural cooling on the 2195 aluminum lithium alloy blank obtained in the step S1 to obtain a bent section.
Specifically, the key parameters of the bidirectional differential hot extrusion comprise the extrusion speed V of two extrusion rods 1 And V 2 The cross-sectional area A of the billet b Cross-sectional area A of curved profile p Diameter D of circumscribed circle of cross section of curved profile p The maximum length L of the working belt of the extrusion die; in which the sum of the speeds of two extrusion rods (V) 1 +V 2 ) Is [ 30/(A) b /A p )]mm/s; in (V) 1 +V 2 ) By changing (V) under defined conditions 1 -V 2 )/V 1 Regulating the bending radius of the bent section; the maximum length L of the working band of the extrusion die is required to be less than the diameter D of the circumscribed circle of the cross section of the bent section p 1/2 of (1).
The conditions of the bidirectional differential hot extrusion are as follows: the blank temperature is 385 ℃, the extrusion container temperature is 420 ℃, and the extrusion die preheating temperature is 450 ℃.
In the bidirectional differential thermal extrusion, the temperature of the section extruded from the extruder is controlled below 500 ℃, and the extruded section is naturally cooled to room temperature.
S3, fixing the extruded bent section through a clamping and limiting tool to restrain all degrees of freedom of the section, then preserving heat for 3 hours at the temperature of 490 ℃ for solution treatment, immediately putting the section into room-temperature water for quenching, and enabling the quenching transfer time to be not more than 5S.
And S4, carrying out secondary bending forming on the quenched bent section at room temperature within 5h, wherein the plastic deformation amount of the bending forming is controlled to be 2% so as to reduce the residual stress caused in the quenching process, realize the precise forming of the bent section and enable the section to generate a quantitative work hardening effect.
S5, fixing the extruded bent section through a clamping and limiting tool to restrain all degrees of freedom of the section, and then carrying out aging treatment on the bent section at the temperature of 150 ℃ for 48h to further eliminate residual stress and obtain an aging strengthening effect.
Example 3
The embodiment of the invention provides a production process of an aluminum alloy ultrahigh-strength bent section by taking 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy as a raw material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, heating the 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy blank to 490 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.7 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 15h.
And S2, performing bidirectional differential hot extrusion and natural cooling on the 2195 aluminum lithium alloy blank obtained in the step S1 to obtain a bent section.
Specifically, the key parameters of the bidirectional differential hot extrusion comprise the extrusion speed V of two extrusion rods 1 And V 2 The cross-sectional area A of the billet b Cross-sectional area A of curved profile p Diameter D of circumscribed circle of cross section of curved profile p The maximum length L of the working belt of the extrusion die; in which the sum of the speeds of two extrusion rods (V) 1 +V 2 ) Is [ 15/(A) b /A p )]mm/s; in (V) 1 +V 2 ) By changing (V) under defined conditions 1 -V 2 )/V 1 Regulating the bending radius of the bent section; the maximum length L of the working band of the extrusion die needs to be less than the diameter D of the circumscribed circle of the cross section of the bent section p 1/2 of (1).
The conditions of the bidirectional differential hot extrusion are as follows: the blank temperature is 430 ℃, the extrusion container temperature is 435 ℃, and the extrusion die preheating temperature is 480 ℃.
In the bidirectional differential thermal extrusion, the temperature of the profile extruded from the extruder is controlled below 500 ℃, and the extruded profile is naturally cooled to room temperature.
And S3, fixing the extruded bent section through a clamping and limiting tool to restrain all degrees of freedom of the section, then preserving heat within the temperature range of 510 ℃ for 2 hours, immediately putting the section into room-temperature water for quenching, and enabling the quenching transfer time to be not more than 5S.
And S4, carrying out secondary bending forming on the quenched bent section at room temperature within 5h, wherein the plastic deformation amount of the bending forming is controlled to be 4% so as to reduce the residual stress caused in the quenching process, realize the precision forming of the bent section and enable the section to generate a quantitative work hardening effect.
S5, fixing the extruded bent section through a clamping and limiting tool to restrain all degrees of freedom of the section, and then carrying out aging treatment on the bent section at the temperature of 160 ℃ for 36h to further eliminate residual stress and obtain an aging strengthening effect.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The production process of the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy bent section is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, carrying out slow heating and heat preservation treatment on an aluminum alloy blank;
s2, performing bidirectional differential hot extrusion and natural cooling on the aluminum alloy blank obtained in the step S1 to obtain a bent section;
s3, carrying out strong restraint, off-line solid solution and quenching on the bent section obtained in the step S2;
s4, carrying out secondary bending forming of limited deformation amount on the bent section obtained in the step S3 at room temperature;
s5, carrying out strong constraint and aging treatment on the bent section obtained in the step S4;
wherein, the conditions of the slow heating and heat preservation treatment in the step S1 are as follows: heating to 480-500 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5-1.0 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 8-24h;
the key parameters of the bidirectional differential hot extrusion in the step S2 comprise the extrusion speeds V of the two extrusion rods 1 And V 2 The cross-sectional area A of the billet b Cross-sectional area A of curved profile p Diameter D of circumscribed circle of cross section of curved profile p The maximum length L of the working belt of the extrusion die; in which the sum of the speeds of two extrusion rods (V) 1 +V 2 ) Is required to be in [ 3/(A) b /A p )]mm/s to [ 30/(A) b /A p )]Within the range of mm/s; by varying (V) within this speed range 1 -V 2 )/V 1 Value of (A)Regulating and controlling the bending radius of the bent section; the maximum length L of the working band of the extrusion die needs to be less than the diameter D of the circumscribed circle of the cross section of the bent section p 1/2 of (1);
the conditions of the bidirectional differential hot extrusion in the step S2 are as follows: the blank temperature is 385-475 ℃, the extrusion container temperature is 420-450 ℃, and the extrusion die preheating temperature is 450-500 ℃;
and (3) controlling the temperature of the section extruded from the extruder to be below 500 ℃ during the bidirectional differential thermal extrusion in the step (S2), and naturally cooling the extruded section to the room temperature.
2. The production process according to claim 1, wherein the conditions of the off-line solid solution and quenching in the step S3 are: keeping the temperature within the temperature range of 490-530 ℃ for 1.5-3h, immediately putting the mixture into room temperature water for quenching, wherein the quenching transfer time is not more than 5s.
3. The process according to claim 1, wherein said strong constraint of the curved section bar in steps S3 and S5 is a fixing of the curved section bar by means of clamping and limiting tools, so as to constrain all the degrees of freedom of the section bar.
4. The production process according to claim 1, wherein the secondary bending forming in the step S4 is completed within 5 hours after the forming quenching, and the amount of plastic deformation is controlled to be 2 to 6%.
5. The production process according to claim 1, wherein the aging treatment conditions in step S5 are: the temperature is 150-170 ℃ and the time is 24-48h.
6. The ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy bent section prepared by the production process according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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| CN202210847841.0A CN115255061B (en) | 2022-07-19 | 2022-07-19 | Production process of aluminum alloy ultrahigh-strength bent section |
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| JP2000080407A (en) * | 1998-09-03 | 2000-03-21 | Ykk Corp | Manufacture of formed part |
| JP5180756B2 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2013-04-10 | 昭和電工株式会社 | Method for producing hollow extruded material |
| JP2010125475A (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2010-06-10 | Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd | Extruding die for forming hollow shape material |
| CN101905249B (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-01-04 | 长沙仲腾金属材料科技有限公司 | Method and device for machining curved profiles in combination with online quenching temperature control in short flow |
| CN102151709A (en) * | 2010-11-03 | 2011-08-17 | 天津理工大学 | Method for differentially extruding and forming pipe fittings arbitrarily bent on plane by adopting double convex dies |
| JP7107446B2 (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2022-07-27 | Ｕｂｅマシナリー株式会社 | Extrusion presses and platens for extrusion presses |
| CN111283006B (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2021-04-30 | 凯维思轻量化智能制造研究院(菏泽)有限公司 | Bidirectional extrusion forming process and equipment |
| CN111283008B (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-11-27 | 凯维思轻量化智能制造研究院(菏泽)有限公司 | Manufacturing method of multilayer bending structure |
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