CN111283006B - Bidirectional extrusion forming process and equipment - Google Patents

Bidirectional extrusion forming process and equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111283006B
CN111283006B CN202010119074.2A CN202010119074A CN111283006B CN 111283006 B CN111283006 B CN 111283006B CN 202010119074 A CN202010119074 A CN 202010119074A CN 111283006 B CN111283006 B CN 111283006B
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China
Prior art keywords
extrusion
profile
curvature
sawing
section
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CN111283006A (en
Inventor
喻俊荃
林建国
朱传宝
赵国群
郗晓宇
邵祝涛
王宝雨
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Kaiweisi Lightweight Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute Heze Co ltd
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Kaiweisi Lightweight Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute Heze Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/21—Presses specially adapted for extruding metal
    • B21C23/212—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
    • B21C29/003—Cooling or heating of work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C31/00—Control devices, e.g. for regulating the pressing speed or temperature of metal; Measuring devices, e.g. for temperature of metal, combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with extrusion presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C35/00—Removing work or waste from extruding presses; Drawing-off extruded work; Cleaning dies, ducts, containers, or mandrels
    • B21C35/02—Removing or drawing-off work
    • B21C35/023—Work treatment directly following extrusion, e.g. further deformation or surface treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C35/00—Removing work or waste from extruding presses; Drawing-off extruded work; Cleaning dies, ducts, containers, or mandrels
    • B21C35/02—Removing or drawing-off work
    • B21C35/03—Straightening the work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C51/00—Measuring, gauging, indicating, counting, or marking devices specially adapted for use in the production or manipulation of material in accordance with subclasses B21B - B21F

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a bidirectional extrusion forming process and equipment, which comprises the following steps: carrying out bidirectional extrusion on the blank, and regulating and controlling the speed of the bidirectional extrusion to enable the blank to be formed into a profile with a linear profile or a bent profile; measuring and feeding back the curvature of the section bar, and correcting the section bar to enable the section bar to be matched with a preset shape and size; and (5) carrying out fixed-length saw cutting on the section according to a preset size. The process can effectively solve the problems of forming defects such as bending resilience, wrinkling, section deformation, cracking and the like, breaks through the forming limit of the existing bending forming technology, and realizes the forming, on-line heat treatment and accurate control of the curvature radius of the thin-wall section with small bending radius.

Description

Bidirectional extrusion forming process and equipment
Technical Field
The disclosure belongs to the technical field of profile extrusion and bending forming, and particularly relates to a bidirectional extrusion forming process and equipment.
Background
The bending component is a special structure and part with a certain radian, which is manufactured by adopting metal materials such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy, steel and the like, high polymer materials, composite materials, other non-metal materials and the like, such as bent wires, pipes, bars, profiles, wall plates and the like. The member has wide and important application in the fields of petrochemical industry, aerospace, new energy automobiles, ships, high-speed rails, buildings and the like.
Curved components, in particular of metallic material, are generally produced by a two-stage forming process. The first step is to obtain a linear component by the processes of extrusion, rolling, drawing and the like; and the second step is to bend the straight component by adopting cold bending forming processes such as stretch bending, roll bending and bending so as to obtain the bent component. Forming defects such as bending spring back, wrinkles, cross-sectional deformation, cracks, and the like become bottlenecks in the manufacture of the bent member.
In recent years, it has been proposed to add a bending apparatus to the outlet of a conventional heat extruder and to increase the forming limit of the bending process by using the residual heat of the extruded profile to warm and thermally bend the extruded profile. But still face a lot of technical problems such as the thin-walled component of small bending radius is difficult to make, the section of the hollow section bar is easy to deform, the on-line solution treatment of the aluminum alloy section bar is difficult to realize, the curvature radius of the bending section bar is difficult to accurately control, and the surface quality protection of the section bar is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the present disclosure is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a process and an apparatus for two-way extrusion molding; the process can effectively solve the problems of forming defects such as bending resilience, wrinkling, section deformation, cracking and the like, breaks through the forming limit of the existing bending forming technology, and realizes the forming, on-line heat treatment and accurate control of the curvature radius of the thin-wall section with small bending radius.
The first invention purpose of this disclosure is to propose a two-way extrusion forming process, in order to achieve the above purpose, this disclosure adopts the following technical scheme:
a bi-directional extrusion process comprising the steps of:
carrying out bidirectional extrusion on the blank, and regulating and controlling the speed of the bidirectional extrusion to enable the blank to be formed into a profile with a linear profile or a bent profile;
measuring and feeding back the curvature of the section bar, and correcting the section bar to enable the section bar to be matched with a preset shape and size;
and (5) carrying out fixed-length saw cutting on the section according to a preset size.
As a further technical scheme, the process of bidirectional extrusion comprises the following steps:
and moving at least one of the first extrusion mechanism and the second extrusion mechanism to extrude the blank, wherein the first extrusion mechanism and the second extrusion mechanism move in opposite directions so as to extrude the blank in opposite directions, and regulating and controlling the extrusion speed and the extrusion speed ratio of the first extrusion mechanism and the second extrusion mechanism to form the blank into the section.
As a further technical solution, the process of orthopedics is:
according to the comparison of the measured section curvature with the preset shape and size, firstly, the curvature of the extruded section is corrected by adjusting the bidirectional extrusion speed, and then the flatness and the curvature of the section are precisely shaped so as to meet the requirement of the section design size precision.
As a further technical scheme, the process of the fixed-length sawing comprises the following steps:
the first group of sawing-traction systems clamps the profile and moves along the motion track of the profile, and the second group of sawing-traction systems moves to the set sawing position to clamp and saw the profile; the first group of sawing-traction systems loosen the section bar and move to the next set sawing position of the section bar to clamp and saw the section bar; the two sawing-traction systems alternately saw the section bar in a reciprocating manner, so that the section bar is cut to length.
A second object of the present disclosure proposes a bi-directional extrusion forming kit comprising:
the blank heating furnace is used for heating the blanks and providing the heated blanks to the feeding mechanism;
the feeding mechanism is used for conveying the blank from the blank heating furnace to the bidirectional extruder;
the two-way extruder extrudes the blank materials in opposite directions to form a section bar by the cavity of the extrusion die;
the curvature monitoring and feedback device monitors the curvature of the section and feeds the curvature back to the control system;
the online shape righting device is controlled by the control system to shape the section;
the online fixed-length sawing device is used for fixed-length sawing of the section.
As a further technical scheme, the bidirectional extruder comprises two oppositely arranged extrusion containers, blanks are contained in the extrusion containers, extrusion rods penetrate through the extrusion containers to move back and forth along the extrusion containers, the extrusion rods are fixedly connected with the extrusion containers, the extrusion containers are connected with a hydraulic pump station, and the hydraulic pump station is controlled by a control system; an extrusion die cavity is arranged between the two extrusion cylinders, die inlets are arranged at two ends of the extrusion die cavity and are respectively communicated with the two extrusion cylinders, the two extrusion rods move oppositely to extrude blanks in the extrusion cylinders into the extrusion die cavity, and the extrusion die cavity is also provided with a die outlet for extruding formed section bars.
As a further technical scheme, the online correcting device comprises a flatness correcting system and a curvature correcting system, wherein the flatness correcting system comprises two groups of flatness correcting rollers, and each group of flatness correcting rollers are arranged on two sides of an extruded profile in pairs; the curvature correction system comprises a curvature correction component, wherein the curvature correction component is provided with a profile channel matched with a preset shape for the profile to pass through, and the curvature of the profile is corrected.
The on-line fixed-length sawing device comprises a first group of sawing-traction systems and a second group of sawing-traction systems, wherein the first group of sawing-traction systems and the second group of sawing-traction systems are arranged along the motion track of the profile, the first group of sawing-traction systems or the second group of sawing-traction systems clamp the profile and pull the profile to move along the motion track of the profile, and the second group of sawing-traction systems or the first group of sawing-traction systems move to a set position according to the fixed-length of the profile and clamp and saw the profile.
The on-line secondary forming device comprises a clamping device and a forming device, wherein the clamping device is used for fixing the section bar, and the forming device is used for generating relative movement so as to enable the section bar to be twisted or secondarily bent.
As a further technical scheme, the device also comprises an online cooling device, a temperature monitoring and feedback device and a curvature monitoring and feedback device, wherein the online cooling device, the temperature monitoring and feedback device and the curvature monitoring and feedback device are all controlled by a control system, the temperature monitoring and feedback device monitors the temperature of the section, the online cooling device can cool the section, and the curvature monitoring and feedback device measures the curvature of the section and feeds the curvature back to the control system.
The beneficial effect of this disclosure does:
(1) the present disclosure realizes the integrated forming of extrusion-bending-heat treatment-sawing. Short flow, high production efficiency and low energy consumption.
(2) The method can eliminate the problems of forming defects such as bending resilience, wrinkling, section deformation, cracking and the like, break through the forming limit of the existing bending forming technology, and realize the bending forming, on-line heat treatment and accurate control of curvature radius of thin-wall plates, pipes, bars and various profiles with small bending radius.
(3) The curvature of the curved section produced by the method can be flexibly changed, and the curved section with a plurality of curvatures can be manufactured at one time.
(4) The present disclosure can be used for manufacturing linear extrusion materials and curved extrusion materials which can be manufactured by the traditional extrusion process, and has wide application range.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the bi-directional extrusion process disclosed in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of the two-way extrusion molding apparatus disclosed in example 2;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the bidirectional extruding machine disclosed in example 2;
FIG. 4a is a schematic view of an arrangement of the in-line orthotic device disclosed in example 2;
FIG. 4b is a schematic view of another arrangement of the in-line orthotic device disclosed in example 2;
FIG. 4c is a schematic view of yet another arrangement of the in-line orthotic device disclosed in example 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an in-line secondary molding apparatus disclosed in example 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an on-line sizing and sawing device and a material table disclosed in embodiment 2;
FIG. 7 is a curved thin-walled Z-beam fabricated in an embodiment;
FIG. 8 is an elbow made in an example;
in the figure, 1, a blank I, 2, a blank II, 3, a blank heating furnace, 4, a feeding device I, 5, a feeding device II, 6, an extruder body, 7, a bent section, 8, an online shape correcting device, 9, a curvature monitoring and feedback device, 10, a temperature monitoring and feedback device, 11, an online cooling device, 12, an online secondary forming device, 13, a second group of saw cutting-traction systems, 14, a first group of saw cutting-traction systems, 15, a material table and 16, a control system;
6-001, 6-002, II, 6-003, 6-004, II, 6-005, I, 6-006, II, 6-007, front beam and 6-008 hydraulic pump station;
8-001, 8-002, 8-003, 8-004 and 8-004 arc chutes of the straightness correcting system;
12-001, an online secondary forming clamping device, and 12-002, an online secondary forming torsion device;
13-001. a clamping device of a second group of sawing-traction systems, 13-002. a sawing device of the second group of sawing-traction systems, 13-003. a moving robot of the second group of sawing-traction systems;
14-001. a clamping device of the first group of sawing-traction systems, 14-002. a sawing device of the first group of sawing-traction systems, 14-003. a moving robot of the first group of sawing-traction systems;
15-001, 15-002, second, 15-003, third, 15-004, fourth, 15-005, fifth, 15-006, sixth and 15-007.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;
for convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in this disclosure, if any, merely indicate correspondence with up, down, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate description of the disclosure and simplify description, rather than indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the disclosure.
As described in the background of the invention, the prior art is not sufficient, and in order to solve the above technical problems, the present application proposes a process and an apparatus for bi-directional extrusion molding.
Example 1:
the process disclosed in this embodiment is further described with reference to fig. 1;
as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a bidirectional extrusion molding process, which mainly includes 6 large modules, i.e., preprocessing, heating and feeding, bidirectional extrusion molding, curvature monitoring and feedback + online reshaping + online cooling + online secondary molding + profile temperature monitoring and feedback, online sizing and sawing, and postprocessing, in this order;
the two-way extrusion forming complete process comprises the following specific steps in sequence:
(1) and (4) pretreatment. The pretreatment is to treat the raw material, mainly comprises homogenization treatment and peeling of the cast ingot, and aims to obtain the raw material with uniform tissue structure.
(2) Heating and feeding. Heating includes heating of the billet, extrusion die, and extrusion barrel. Completing one extrusion requires heating both billets simultaneously. Feeding means that the two heated blanks are respectively fed into two extrusion barrels of the bidirectional extruder through a feeding mechanism or other modes.
(3) And (4) performing bidirectional extrusion forming. The bidirectional extrusion forming is that two extrusion mechanisms moving in opposite directions are adopted to extrude two heated blanks in opposite directions, and a bending component with variable curvature is formed at an outlet of a bidirectional extruder by regulating and controlling the extrusion speed and the speed ratio of the two extrusion mechanisms moving in opposite directions.
(4) The curvature monitoring and feedback is to measure the curvature of the extruded section on line and feed the measured result back to the control system, and the control system compares the actually measured curvature with the target curvature of the product and regulates, controls and corrects the curvature of the extruded section by adjusting the bidirectional extrusion speed in real time.
The online shape correction means that the shape of the extruded profile is precisely checked while the profile is extruded by a bidirectional extruder, so that the geometric dimension of the profile is consistent with the design dimension.
In-line cooling, which refers to cooling of the extruded profile in the case of a bi-directional extrusion process, is primarily aimed at inhibiting grain growth. For age-hardenable aluminum alloy profiles, the primary purpose of in-line cooling is also to bring the extruded profile material into a supersaturated solid solution state in preparation for subsequent aging.
In-line secondary molding is to perform secondary molding such as twisting and bending of a bent profile while extruding the profile by a bidirectional extruder, thereby realizing the production of a complex multi-dimensional bent profile.
The temperature monitoring and feedback refers to real-time monitoring of the temperature of the extruded profile and feedback to a control system, and the control system regulates and controls the temperature of the extruded profile by adjusting the extrusion speed according to requirements so as to ensure that the heat treatment conditions and the microstructure of the profile meet the requirements. The sequence of the five processes of curvature monitoring and feedback, in-line reshaping, in-line cooling, in-line post forming, and temperature monitoring and feedback can be varied and reduced depending on the specific requirements of the extruded product.
(5) And (6) performing on-line fixed length sawing. The on-line fixed-length sawing refers to fixed-length sawing of an extruded section while extruding according to the supply size of an extruded product.
(6) And (5) post-treatment. The post-treatment refers to the aging treatment, surface treatment and the like of the sawed section.
Example 2:
the equipment disclosed by the embodiment is further described with reference to the accompanying fig. 2-6;
as shown in figure 2, the complete equipment for bidirectional extrusion forming mainly comprises a billet heating furnace 3, a feeding mechanism, a bidirectional extruder, a curvature monitoring and feedback device 9, a temperature monitoring and feedback device 10, an online reshaping device 8, an online cooling device 11, an online secondary forming device 12, an online sizing and sawing device, a material table 15 and the like.
The billet heating furnace 3 may be an induction heating furnace, a gas heating furnace, or the like. The number of the blank heating furnaces 3 can be one or two, the blank heating furnaces 3 are provided with feed inlets for adding blanks, and when the number of the blank heating furnaces 3 is two, the two blank heating furnaces 3 respectively add the blanks I1 and the blanks II 2.
The feeding mechanism comprises two sets of feeding devices, namely a feeding device I4 and a feeding device II 5, wherein the feeding devices can be conveyor belts, rollers, mechanical arms and the like. The feeding mechanism is connected with a discharging furnace door of the blank heating furnace 3 and two feeding ports of the bidirectional extruder.
The bidirectional extruder is an extruder body 6, as shown in fig. 3, the extruder body 6 comprises two sets of extrusion cylinders, extrusion rods, extrusion containers, a front beam 6-007, a hydraulic pump station 6-008 and an integrated control system 16 and other key components, the two sets of extrusion cylinders are respectively an extrusion cylinder I6-001 and an extrusion cylinder II 6-002, the two sets of extrusion rods are respectively an extrusion rod I6-003 and an extrusion rod II 6-004, the two sets of extrusion containers are respectively an extrusion container I6-005 and an extrusion container II 6-006, the extrusion container I6-005 and the extrusion container II 6-006 are oppositely arranged, the extrusion container I6-005 is connected with the extrusion rod I6-003, the extrusion container I6-005 is provided with a gap for the extrusion rod I6-003 to pass through, the extrusion rod I6-003 is fixedly connected with the extrusion cylinder I6-001, the extrusion cylinder I6-001 drives the extrusion rod I6-003 to reciprocate, the extrusion rod I6-003 can extrude blanks in the extrusion cylinder I6-005, the extrusion cylinder II 6-006 is connected with the extrusion rod II 6-004, the extrusion cylinder II 6-006 is provided with a gap for the extrusion rod II 6-004 to pass through, the extrusion rod II 6-004 is fixedly connected with the extrusion cylinder II 6-002, the extrusion cylinder II 6-002 drives the extrusion rod II 6-004 to reciprocate, and the extrusion rod II 6-004 extrudes the blanks in the extrusion cylinder II 6-006;
each component can be arranged on the machine frame and the machine base, a guide post can be arranged on the base to guide the operation of the extrusion rod, the front beam 6-007 is provided with an extrusion die cavity, die inlets are arranged at two ends of the extrusion die cavity and are respectively communicated with the extrusion cylinder I6-005 and the extrusion cylinder II 6-006, the extrusion rod extrudes the blank in the extrusion cylinder into the extrusion die cavity, and the extrusion die cavity is also provided with a die outlet for extruding the extruded profile.
The extrusion cylinder I6-005 and the extrusion cylinder II 6-006 are respectively provided with a feeding port, and the feeding ports are respectively fed by a feeding device I4 and a feeding device II 5.
The extrusion cylinder I6-001 and the extrusion cylinder II 6-002 are both connected with a hydraulic pump station 6-008, the hydraulic pump station 6-008 provides power for the two hydraulic cylinders, and the hydraulic pump station is controlled by a control system 16.
In this embodiment, two sets of squeezing cylinders can drive two squeezing rods to move towards each other under the driving of one set of hydraulic pump station (or two or more sets of hydraulic pump stations). The two extrusion rods push the billet in the two containers so that it enters the extrusion die cavity housed in the front beam and finally exits the extrusion die orifice to form a curved profile 7 (a straight profile is also available).
The side of the extruder body 6 is provided with a material table 15, the material table 15 is provided with a curvature monitoring and feedback device 9, an online reshaping device 8, a temperature monitoring and feedback device 10, an online cooling device 11, an online secondary forming device 12, a second group of sawing-traction systems 13 and a first group of sawing-traction systems 14 along the motion track of the extruded profile, and the online reshaping device 8, the curvature monitoring and feedback device 9, the temperature monitoring and feedback device 10, the online cooling device 11, the online secondary forming device 12, the second group of sawing-traction systems 13 and the first group of sawing-traction systems 14 are all controlled by a control system 16.
The curvature monitoring and feedback device 9 uses optical measurement principles to scan, image and calculate the geometry of the extruded curved profile to obtain the curvature of the curved profile and feed this data back to the control system. The control system adjusts the extrusion speed of the bidirectional extruder according to the profile curvature requirement. The curvature monitoring and feedback device 9 can adopt the existing optical imaging equipment to image the curved section bar and measure the curvature of the curved section bar.
The online correcting device 8 consists of two sets of correcting systems, wherein one set of correcting system is mainly used for correcting the buckling deformation of the bent profile, so that the profile is positioned in one plane to ensure the flatness of the bent profile, and the correcting system can be called as a flatness correcting system; another set of orthotic systems, which may be referred to as curvature correction systems, is used to precisely shape the curvature of a curved profile to ensure that the curvature of the profile conforms to its designed dimensions. As shown in fig. 4a, the flatness correction system may be formed by two sets of rollers, a first set of rollers 8-001 of the flatness correction system and a second set of rollers 8-002 of the flatness correction system, each set of rollers including two parallel rollers located on both sides of the extruded profile, where the axes of the rollers are parallel to the upper and lower surfaces of the profile. The basic principle of the curvature correction system is that three points that are not on a straight line can determine the diameter of a circle. The curvature correction system can be composed of three or more groups of rollers, the rollers are curvature correction components, the positions of the rollers are adjusted, so that an arc line formed by the rollers arranged in sequence is the same as a preset arc line of the final size of the bent section, and a section channel matched with the preset shape is formed among the rollers for the section to pass through; as shown in fig. 4a, three groups of roller groups 8-003 of curvature correction systems are provided, each group of rollers consists of two parallel rollers and is respectively positioned at two sides of the extruded profile, wherein the axes of the rollers are vertical to the tangent line of the profile (also vertical to the upper surface and the lower surface of the profile); two sets of gyro wheels of straightness correction system are located camber correction system's both sides respectively, and straightness correction system's gyro wheel sets up with camber correction system's gyro wheel mutually perpendicular, can carry out the plastic to the section bar of different curvatures through the position of adjustment gyro wheel. In addition, the curvature correction system can also consist of a series of top rod groups 8-004 (at least 3 groups of top rods) of the curvature correction system with rolling small balls embedded at the top ends, the series of ejector rod groups are curvature orthopedic components, the positions of the plurality of groups of ejector rod groups are adjusted to ensure that the arc line formed by the series of small balls arranged in sequence is the same as the preset arc line of the final size of the curved section bar, the small balls of the plurality of groups of ejector rod groups form a section bar channel matched with the preset shape for the section bar to pass through, as shown in fig. 4b, each group of ejector rod groups is provided with two ejector rods respectively positioned at two sides of the extruded section, rolling balls are embedded at the end parts of the ejector rods, the ejector rods and the extruded section are positioned in the same plane, the rolling balls are adjacent to the extruded section, the ejector rod groups 8-004 of a plurality of groups of curvature correction systems are sequentially arranged, and the arc line formed by the series of small balls is the same as the preset arc line of the final size of the bent profile. In addition, the curvature correction system can also be composed of a pair of arc chutes 8-005 of the curvature correction system which are consistent with the final size of the bent profile product, as shown in fig. 4c, the arc chutes are curvature correction components, and the chutes arranged on the arc chutes form profile channels matched with a preset shape for the profiles to pass through.
The on-line cooling device 11 is composed of a water source, an air source, a water pump, an air pump, a pipeline, a water storage tank and the like. The water source and the air source are respectively sprayed out from the pipeline port under the pressurization of the water pump and the air pump so as to cool the extruded section. The water storage tank is used for storing the sprayed cooling water. The online cooling device 11 cools the extruded profile in a water cooling or air cooling or a combination of the water cooling and the air cooling, which is the same as the existing water cooling and air cooling, and is not described herein again.
The in-line secondary forming device 12 may be a twisting or bending device. The device consists of two parts, namely a clamping device 12-001 for online secondary forming and a twisting device 12-002 for online secondary forming. The clamping device is positioned at one side close to the bidirectional extruder and used for fixing the section; the twisting device is a device capable of driving the profile to twist, is positioned on one side far away from the extruder and is used for generating relative movement, so that the profile is twisted or secondarily bent and the like.
The temperature monitoring and feedback device 10 consists of a temperature probe and a control system. The temperature detector is arranged near the section bar, detects the temperature of the section bar and feeds back the result to the control system. The control system adjusts the extrusion speed of the bidirectional extruder according to the requirement.
The online fixed-length sawing device consists of two sets of sawing-traction systems, namely a first set of sawing-traction system 14 and a second set of sawing-traction system 13, wherein the two sets of systems are alternated in a reciprocating manner, so that fixed-length sawing of the extruded section is realized. As shown in fig. 6, the first set of sawing-pulling systems 14 mainly comprises a holding device 14-001 of the first set of sawing-pulling systems, a sawing device 14-002 of the first set of sawing-pulling systems, and a moving robot 14-003 of the first set of sawing-pulling systems. The second group of sawing-traction systems 13 mainly comprises clamping devices 13-001 of the second group of sawing-traction systems, sawing devices 13-002 of the second group of sawing-traction systems and moving robots 13-003 of the second group of sawing-traction systems. Illustratively, the moving robot 14-003 of the first group of sawing-drawing systems can move horizontally along the second guide rail 15-002 on the material table, and the second guide rail 15-002 can move vertically along the third guide rail 15-003 and the fifth guide rail 15-005, so that the moving track of the moving robot 14-003 of the first group of sawing-drawing systems and the moving track of the bent profile 7 are consistent. The moving robot 13-003 of the second group of sawing-drawing system can move horizontally along the first guide rail 15-001 on the material table, and simultaneously the first guide rail 15-001 can move vertically along the fourth guide rail 15-004 and the sixth guide rail 15-006, so that the moving track of the moving robot 13-003 is consistent with the moving track of the bent profile 7.
In the extrusion process, a clamping device in a first group of saw cutting-traction systems 14 positioned at the front end of the extruded section bar clamps the section bar and moves along the motion track of the extruded section bar to play a traction role; and a second group of sawing-traction systems 13 positioned at the rear end of the extruded profile moves to corresponding positions according to the length of the specified profile to clamp and saw the profile and simultaneously moves along the movement track of the extruded profile. And after the second group of sawing-traction systems finishes cutting, the second group of sawing-traction systems still clamp the profile and move along the motion track of the extruded profile, the first group of sawing-traction systems starts to retract and move to the next sawing position to saw and traction the profile, and the steps are repeated, and the first group of sawing-traction systems and the second group of sawing-traction systems alternately saw the profile to finish the fixed-length sawing of the profile.
The material table 15 includes a table, a slide rail, etc. for mounting curvature monitoring and feedback devices, on-line wire straightening devices, wire cooling devices, wire sizing and sawing devices, on-line secondary forming devices, temperature monitoring and feedback devices, etc., and a conveying mechanism 15-007 and a table top, etc. for conveying and stacking the sawn section bars. The device is matched with the slide rail and moves along the slide rail, the slide rail is orthogonally arranged on the material platform, and the curvature monitoring and feedback device, the online shape correcting device, the online cooling device, the online sizing and sawing device, the online secondary forming device, the temperature monitoring and feedback device and the like which are arranged on the slide rail can adjust the position in real time according to the motion track of the extruded section.
The apparatus and process of the present disclosure can extrude straight or curved profiles by controlling the bi-directional extrusion speed of a bi-directional extruder.
Taking the manufacturing of thin-wall Z-shaped beams and round pipe profiles of 6 series aluminum alloy bent profiles as an example, the specific implementation process and implementation effect of the embodiment are described as follows:
homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot at 540 ℃ for 8 hours, and taking out for later use;
heating the extrusion die to 500 ℃ and preserving heat for 5 hours, and then putting the extrusion die into a front beam 6-007 of the extruder body; simultaneously heating an extrusion cylinder I6-005 and an extrusion cylinder II 6-006 in a bidirectional extruder body to 450 ℃ and preserving heat for 3 hours;
placing the homogenized aluminum alloy blanks I1 and II 2 into a blank heating furnace 3, heating to 530 ℃ and preserving heat for 10 minutes, and then sending the blanks into an extrusion cylinder I6-005 and an extrusion cylinder II 6-006 in a bidirectional extruder body through a feeding device I4 and a feeding device II 5;
the extrusion cylinder I6-001 and the extrusion cylinder II 6-002 in the extruder body push the extrusion rod I6-003 and the extrusion rod II 6-004 to move oppositely under the driving and controlling of the hydraulic pump station 6-008 and the control system 16, so that aluminum alloy blanks in the extrusion container I6-005 and the extrusion container II 6-006 are extruded; in the process, profiles with different curvatures can be obtained by changing the movement speeds of the extrusion rods I6-003 and the extrusion rods II 6-004 in the control system 16;
the aluminium alloy material is extruded from the outlet of the front beam 6-007 and may be formed into a curved profile 7.
Firstly, the bent section is straightened through a first group of rollers 8-001 of a straightness correcting system in an online straightening device 8, meanwhile, a curvature monitoring and feedback device measures the curvature of the bent section and feeds the curvature back to a control system 16, and if the difference between the measured curvature and the designed curvature is larger, the control system adjusts the movement speeds of an extrusion rod I6-003 and an extrusion rod II 6-004 to reduce the curvature deviation;
the control system 16 drives the roller sets 8-003 of the curvature correction system in the in-line straightening device 8 to the corresponding positions according to the size of the curved profile and performs fine shaping of the curvature of the curved profile. In the process, the roller groups 8-003 of the curvature correction system rotate at a rotating speed matched with the moving speed of the extruded section;
the temperature monitoring and feedback device measures the temperature of the section bar at different positions, and cools the section bar through the online cooling device before the temperature of the section bar is reduced to 515 ℃, so that the material is in a supersaturated solid solution state. If the temperature of the whole extruded section is lower than 515 ℃, the control system 16 increases the movement speed of the extrusion rods I6-003 and the extrusion rods II 6-004, but keeps the ratio of the speeds unchanged; the in-line secondary forming device can be selected according to the design requirements of products, and is not started in the embodiment.
The robot of the first group of saw cutting-traction systems 14 positioned at the front end of the extruded section bar clamps the section bar and moves along the motion track of the extruded section bar to play a role in traction; and a second group of sawing-traction systems 13 positioned at the rear end of the extruded profile moves to corresponding positions according to the length of the specified profile to clamp and saw the profile and simultaneously moves along the movement track of the extruded profile. When the second group of sawing-traction systems 13 finishes cutting, the first group of sawing-traction systems 14 starts to retract, moves to the position of next sawing to saw and traction the section bar, and repeats the process;
the resulting performance of the curved thin-walled Z-beams and bends according to the bi-directional extrusion tooling set-up process and apparatus described in this example are shown in figures 5 and 6, respectively.
Although the aluminum alloy material is specifically described as an example, the present invention is not limited to the aluminum alloy material, and is also applicable to other metal materials, non-metal materials, composite materials, and the like.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (3)

1. A bidirectional extrusion forming process is characterized by comprising the following steps: heating and feeding: heating the blank, the extrusion die and the extrusion container; heating the two blanks, and respectively feeding the heated two blanks into two extrusion barrels of a bidirectional extruder; bidirectional extrusion molding: adopting two extrusion mechanisms which move in opposite directions to extrude the two heated blanks in opposite directions, and forming a bending component with variable curvature at an outlet of a bidirectional extruder by regulating and controlling the extrusion speed and the speed ratio of the two extrusion mechanisms which move in opposite directions; curvature monitoring and feedback: the curvature of the profile is measured on line, the measurement result is fed back to the control system, the control system compares the actually measured curvature with the target curvature of the product, and the curvature of the profile is regulated, controlled and corrected by adjusting the bidirectional extrusion speed in real time; online reshaping: checking the shape of the profile while extruding the profile in two directions to ensure that the geometric dimension of the profile is consistent with the design dimension; the method comprises the following steps that a flatness correction system corrects the buckling deformation of a section bar, and the curvature correction system precisely shapes the curvature of the section bar, wherein the flatness correction system consists of two groups of rollers, namely a first group of rollers of the flatness correction system and a second group of rollers of the flatness correction system, each group of rollers comprises two parallel rollers which are respectively positioned at two sides of the section bar, and the axes of the rollers are parallel to the upper surface and the lower surface of the section bar; the curvature correction system consists of a pair of arc chutes of the curvature correction system, the arc chutes of the curvature correction system are consistent with the final size of the profile product, the arc chutes are curvature correction components, and the chutes of the arc chutes form profile channels matched with a preset shape for the profile to pass through; online cooling: cooling the profile while the bi-directional extrusion process is in progress; and (3) online secondary forming: when the section is extruded in two directions, the section is twisted or bent for the second time, so that the manufacture of the complex multi-dimensional section is realized; temperature monitoring and feedback: the temperature of the section bar is monitored in real time and fed back to a control system, and the control system regulates and controls the temperature of the section bar by adjusting the extrusion speed, so that the heat treatment condition and the microstructure of the section bar meet the requirements; and (3) online sizing and sawing: the profile is cut to length while being extruded, the first group of cutting-traction systems clamps the profile and moves along the motion track of the profile, and the second group of cutting-traction systems moves to the set cutting position to clamp and cut the profile; the first group of sawing-traction systems loosen the section bar and move to the next set sawing position of the section bar to clamp and saw the section bar; the two sawing-traction systems alternately saw the section bar in a reciprocating manner to realize the fixed-length sawing of the section bar; the material table is arranged on the side portion of the bidirectional extruder body, the first group of sawing-traction systems and the second group of sawing-traction systems respectively comprise a clamping device, a sawing device and a moving robot, the moving robot of the first group of sawing-traction systems can horizontally move along a second guide rail on the material table, the second guide rail can vertically move along a third guide rail and a fifth guide rail, so that the moving track of the moving robot of the first group of sawing-traction systems is consistent with the moving track of the section, the moving robot of the second group of sawing-traction systems can horizontally move along a first guide rail on the material table, meanwhile, the first guide rail can vertically move along a fourth guide rail and a sixth guide rail, and the moving track of the moving robot is consistent with the moving track of the section.
2. A twin extrusion molding kit for carrying out a twin extrusion molding process of claim 1, comprising: the blank heating furnace is used for heating the blanks and providing the heated blanks to the feeding mechanism; the feeding mechanism is used for conveying the blank from the blank heating furnace to the bidirectional extruder; the two-way extruder extrudes the blank materials in opposite directions to form a section bar by the cavity of the extrusion die; the curvature monitoring and feedback device scans, images and calculates the geometric shape of the extruded section by adopting an optical measurement principle so as to obtain the curvature of the section and feed the curvature back to the control system, and the control system adjusts the extrusion speed of the bidirectional extruder according to the curvature requirement of the section; the online shape righting device comprises a straightness correcting system and a curvature correcting system, and is controlled by the control system to straighten the section; the online cooling device is used for cooling the section; the online secondary forming device comprises a clamping device and a forming device, wherein the clamping device is positioned at one side close to the bidirectional extruder and used for fixing the section, and the forming device is positioned at one side far away from the extruder and used for generating relative motion so as to enable the section to be twisted or secondarily bent; the first group of sawing-traction systems or the second group of sawing-traction systems clamp the profile and pull the profile to move along the motion track of the profile, and the second group of sawing-traction systems or the first group of sawing-traction systems move to a set position according to the length of the profile in a fixed length and clamp and saw the profile; a temperature monitoring and feedback device controlled by the control system, the temperature monitoring and feedback device monitoring the temperature of the profile; the material platform comprises a platform and a slide rail, wherein the platform is used for installing a curvature monitoring and feedback device, an online shape correcting device, an online cooling device, an online secondary forming device and a temperature monitoring and feedback device; the curvature monitoring and feedback device, the online shape correcting device, the online cooling device, the online secondary forming device and the temperature monitoring and feedback device are matched with the sliding rail and move along the sliding rail, the sliding rail is orthogonally arranged on the material platform, and the curvature monitoring and feedback device, the online shape correcting device, the online cooling device, the online secondary forming device and the temperature monitoring and feedback device which are arranged on the sliding rail adjust the position in real time according to the motion track of the section.
3. The two-way extrusion forming complete equipment as claimed in claim 2, wherein the two-way extrusion machine comprises two extrusion containers which are arranged oppositely, blanks are contained in the extrusion containers, extrusion rods penetrate through the extrusion containers and move back and forth along the extrusion containers, the extrusion rods are fixedly connected with the extrusion containers, the extrusion containers are connected with a hydraulic pump station, and the hydraulic pump station is controlled by a control system; an extrusion die cavity is arranged between the two extrusion cylinders, die inlets are arranged at two ends of the extrusion die cavity and are respectively communicated with the two extrusion cylinders, the two extrusion rods move oppositely to extrude blanks in the extrusion cylinders into the extrusion die cavity, and the extrusion die cavity is also provided with a die outlet for extruding formed section bars.
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