CN115228029A - Multi-stage early warning and fire extinguishing method for lithium ion battery cabinet fire - Google Patents
Multi-stage early warning and fire extinguishing method for lithium ion battery cabinet fire Download PDFInfo
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- CN115228029A CN115228029A CN202210672895.8A CN202210672895A CN115228029A CN 115228029 A CN115228029 A CN 115228029A CN 202210672895 A CN202210672895 A CN 202210672895A CN 115228029 A CN115228029 A CN 115228029A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
- A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
- A62C31/28—Accessories for delivery devices, e.g. supports
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/36—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
- A62C37/38—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone
- A62C37/40—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone with electric connection between sensor and actuator
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multistage early warning and fire extinguishing method for a lithium ion battery cabinet fire. The four-stage early warning system comprises a distributed optical fiber temperature-sensing detector for monitoring the temperature of the battery and accurately positioning, a multi-parameter coupling early warning module in the battery module, and a linear temperature-sensing fire detector, a stress sensor and a smoke detector for monitoring the fire of the battery cabinet. The automatic fire extinguishing system comprises a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system, a water mist fire extinguishing system and a water spraying fire extinguishing system. The invention can use a four-stage early warning mode aiming at the fire hazards of the single batteries, the modules and the battery cabinet and trigger four-stage fire extinguishing response. The control system can send out three-level control signals according to different states of the battery to flexibly change the fire extinguishing method, and the fire extinguishing method comprises the steps of changing the power (pressure) of a pump set and carrying out intermittent spray cooling measures to further improve the fire extinguishing and cooling effects, simultaneously saves the using amount of a fire extinguishing agent, and ensures the safe operation of the lithium ion battery energy storage system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of safety, particularly relates to the technical field of lithium ion battery fire fighting, and particularly relates to a multistage early warning and fire extinguishing method for a lithium ion battery cabinet fire.
Background
Since the commercialization of lithium ion batteries in the 90's of the 20 th century, a new energy revolution has been opening the line. The lithium ion battery technology is continuously developed and innovated, and is now widely applied to the fields of various portable electronic products, electric automobiles, energy storage power stations and the like by virtue of the advantages of high energy density, low self-discharge rate, long cycle life, environmental friendliness and the like. However, due to the existence of active electrode materials and flammable electrolyte inside the lithium ion battery, the temperature of the lithium ion battery is very easy to rise under the abuse conditions of overheating, overcharging, mechanical extrusion and the like. Meanwhile, because of the pursuit of high energy density, the single batteries are often connected in series and parallel to form a module, a battery pack and a battery cluster. This spatial limitation creates a harsher heat dissipation environment, and the interior of the cell is more prone to heat build-up that triggers thermal runaway. Thermal runaway propagates between the module and the battery cluster, and further causes a larger-scale fire explosion accident. In recent years, fire and explosion accidents of lithium ion batteries are frequently reported, so that the further development of the lithium ion batteries is limited, and the safety of lives and properties of people is greatly threatened. Therefore, the development of a high-precision early warning system and a high-efficiency fire extinguishing method of the lithium ion battery has important significance for guaranteeing the safe operation of the battery.
At the present stage, in order to improve the early warning accuracy, most of the existing early warning systems adopt a multi-parameter coupling early warning mode such as temperature, characteristic gas concentration and smoke, and adopt a multi-stage early warning mode and respond to a fire extinguishing measure in time to reduce the risk and harm of thermal runaway of the battery. Even so, the early warning and the fire extinguishing system of lithium ion battery cabinet still have certain not enough and defect: 1) The temperature sensor in the early warning system mostly monitors the ambient temperature in the module. And the battery is when the relief valve is opened, and the inside temperature rise speed of module is slower, and sensor sensitivity is lower, hardly realizes early warning. 2) The existing fire extinguishing method is only limited to adopt different fire extinguishing media according to different states of the battery, and although the problem that the battery still needs to be cooled after open fire is extinguished is noticed, how to actively and flexibly apply the fire extinguishing method to achieve the optimal fire extinguishing and cooling effects is not considered. 3) The existing fire extinguishing method does not consider the problem that the fire extinguishing agent is saved to the maximum extent on the basis of ensuring the fire extinguishing effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an intelligent and efficient fire extinguishing method in a multi-stage multi-parameter coupling early warning mode aiming at the thermal runaway fire characteristics of a lithium ion battery cabinet. The fire extinguishing method is flexibly adopted while the early warning accuracy is improved. The lithium ion battery cabinet can quickly restrain open fire, has excellent cooling effect, and prevents thermal runaway from spreading in the lithium ion battery cabinet. The quick response and protection of the lithium ion battery at the first time of each stage of thermal runaway are realized, the scale of the thermal runaway is prevented from being further enlarged, and the damage of the thermal runaway of the battery is reduced to the maximum extent.
The invention aims to make up the defects and shortcomings of an early warning and fire extinguishing system in a conventional lithium ion Chi Guishi energy storage unit, provides an active and flexible multi-stage early warning and fire extinguishing method for a lithium ion battery, improves the safety of the lithium ion battery energy storage system, and prevents thermal runaway from spreading in a module and flame from spreading in a battery cabinet. The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing fire-fighting system has a protection blank interval before battery thermal runaway, and has poor fire-fighting and cooling effects.
In order to solve the above problems and achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:
a multi-stage early warning and fire extinguishing method for a lithium ion battery cabinet fire disaster uses a multi-stage early warning and fire extinguishing device for the battery cabinet fire disaster, wherein the device comprises a four-stage early warning system, a control system and an automatic fire extinguishing system;
the four-stage early warning system carries out real-time monitoring and early warning on different stages before and after thermal runaway of three stages of a battery monomer, a battery module and a battery cabinet; the battery module comprises a plurality of battery monomers and is arranged in the battery cabinet;
the four-stage early warning system comprises a distributed optical fiber temperature-sensing detector, a battery module thermal runaway early warning module, a linear temperature-sensing fire detector, a pressure sensor and a second smoke detector;
the distributed optical fiber temperature-sensing detector is arranged on the side surface of each battery monomer and is used for monitoring the temperature change of the battery monomer and determining the position of the battery with the temperature rise phenomenon, namely primary early warning;
the battery module thermal runaway early warning module comprises an infrared flame detector and an H 2 And a CO sensor, a first smoke detector and a Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) detector;
h in thermal runaway early warning module in battery module 2 The CO sensor and the pressure sensor on the surface of the battery cabinet are respectively used for detecting the characteristic gas concentration and the generated pressure after the battery safety valve is opened, and the characteristic gas concentration and the generated pressure are secondary early warning; an infrared flame detector, a first smoke detector and a VOC (volatile organic compound) detector in the thermal runaway early warning module capture open fire generated in the battery module, and the three-stage early warning is obtained; the surface of the battery cabinet is provided with a pressure sensor, the wall of the prefabricated cabin adjacent to the battery cabinet is provided with a second smoke detector, and the top of the prefabricated cabin above the battery cabinet is provided with a linear temperature-sensing fire detector for detecting thermal runaway propagation in the battery cabinet, namely four-level early warning; the four-level early warning is carried out layer by layer, and four-level fire extinguishing response can be carried out aiming at different battery level thermal runaway different states;
the control system comprises a signal processing module, an alarm module and a control module; the input end of the control system is connected with the early warning system, and the output end of the control system is connected with the automatic fire extinguishing system; the signal processing module is responsible for receiving and processing a detection signal of the early warning system, and when the signal exceeds a preset threshold value, the alarm module sends out an early warning signal of a corresponding grade; the control module controls the fire extinguishing system to adopt response measures of different levels according to early warning signals of different levels or controls the fire extinguishing system to change a fire extinguishing method according to different thermal runaway states in the battery cabinet;
the automatic fire extinguishing system comprises a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system, a water mist fire extinguishing system and a water spraying fire extinguishing system, and is controlled by the control system.
Preferably, the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system comprises a perfluorohexanone storage tank, a booster pump, a fire fighting pipeline, a solenoid valve and a perfluorohexanone spray head.
Preferably, the water mist fire suppression system comprises a water storage tank, a water pump and a water mist head.
Preferably, the water sprinkler fire suppression system comprises an open water sprinkler head.
The four-stage early warning comprises a first-stage early warning, a second-stage early warning, a third-stage early warning and a fourth-stage early warning.
Further, the multi-stage early warning and fire extinguishing method comprises four-stage early warning response measures. And carrying out primary response aiming at the primary early warning. And carrying out secondary response aiming at the secondary early warning. And carrying out tertiary response aiming at the tertiary early warning. And carrying out four-stage response aiming at the four-stage early warning.
Further, wherein the primary response: the temperature of the battery rises, and the temperature of the battery monomer is reduced before thermal runaway; secondary response: a thermal runaway early warning and cooling measure in the battery module; three-stage response: open fire early warning and fire extinguishing measures in the battery module; four-stage response: the thermal runaway early warning and the flame propagation inhibition of the battery cabinet.
Further, the multi-stage pre-warning and fire extinguishing method further comprises a fire extinguishing method, wherein the fire extinguishing method comprises three stages, wherein the first stage comprises the following steps: setting the critical spray intensity of the fire extinguishing system ensures that open flames can be extinguished; and a second stage: after the open fire is extinguished, the early warning system transmits a signal to the control system, the control system reduces the power or pressure of a pump group in the fire extinguishing system to reduce the flow of the fire extinguishing agent, and if the thermal runaway or the flame is more violent, the power or pressure of the pump group is increased to increase the flow of the fire extinguishing agent; and a third stage: the control system controls the electromagnetic valve of the fire extinguishing system to perform intermittent spray cooling based on the single chip microcomputer.
Further, the primary response is thermal runaway early warning and temperature reduction of the battery monomer; the primary response is implemented by combining a distributed optical fiber temperature-sensing detector on the side surface of the single battery, a control system and a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system; when the temperature of the single battery rises, the distributed optical fiber temperature-sensing detector transmits a reflected light signal to a signal processing module in a control system, once the temperature of the single battery exceeds 60 ℃, the signal processing module determines the position of the single battery according to a feedback signal, an alarm module sends a primary early warning signal, the control module sends a primary control signal, a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system of a module where the single battery is located is started, and a perfluorohexanone spray head releases perfluorohexanone to rapidly cool the single battery; and after the temperature of the battery is recovered to the normal temperature (25-40 ℃), closing the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system.
Further, the secondary response is early warning and inhibition of thermal runaway of the thermal runaway battery module and a cooling measure of the battery module without thermal runaway; if the self-heating reaction of the battery cannot be inhibited by the first-level response to cause the rupture of a single battery safety valve in the battery module, the early warning module in the battery module detects the H 2 And the CO concentration and the pressure signal of the pressure sensor are sent to a control system, if the early warning factor exceeds a threshold value, the control system sends a secondary early warning signal and a secondary control signal, the secondary fire extinguishing response is that the power or the pressure of a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system of the battery module which generates thermal runaway is increased, and meanwhile, the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system of the battery module which does not generate thermal runaway is started to cool and protect the battery which does not generate thermal runaway, so that the smoke is prevented from causing thermal runaway through thermal convection or thermal radiation; after the temperature of the battery drops to form a platform in the cooling process, the control system sends a three-level control signal, the single chip microcomputer controls the electromagnetic valve to adopt an intermittent spray cooling measure according to set parameters, and the single chip microcomputer has the effects of prolonging the cooling time, enhancing the cooling effect and saving the using amount of a fire extinguishing agent; preferably, the parameters include injection time, interval time, injection frequency and/or duty cycle.
Further, the three-level response comprises fire early warning and fire extinguishing of the battery module with thermal runaway occurring and cooling measures of the battery module without thermal runaway occurring; if the secondary response cannot inhibit the battery from thermal runaway to generate open fire, the early warning module in the battery module sends signals to the control system through the infrared flame detector, the first smoke detector and the VOC detector, and triggers a three-level early warning signal and a primary control signal in time; closing a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system in the thermal runaway module and starting a water mist fire extinguishing system; after the open fire is extinguished, the control system sends out a secondary control signal, the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system is closed, and meanwhile, the power or the pressure of a water pump of the water mist fire extinguishing system is reduced; and finally, sending a three-level control signal, and taking an intermittent spray cooling measure.
Further, the four-level response is a fire early warning and fire extinguishing cooling measure of the battery cabinet; if the thermal runaway propagation of the battery module is not inhibited by the three-level response, the thermal runaway propagation occurs in the battery cabinet, the linear temperature-sensing fire detector above the battery cabinet can monitor whether the flame size exceeds the size of the battery cabinet and spreads outwards, the battery cabinet pressure sensor detects whether the explosion pressure generated in the battery cabinet damages the battery cabinet, and the second smoke detector of the prefabricated cabin monitors the smoke quantity; when the early warning factor exceeds a preset threshold value, a water spraying fire extinguishing system arranged at the top of the prefabricated cabin right above the battery cabinet and perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing systems arranged at two sides of the battery cabinet are started to prevent flame from spreading outwards and suppress fire of the battery cabinet.
Furthermore, the fire extinguishing agent used by the fire extinguishing system is perfluorohexanone and water, and the using amount of the fire extinguishing agent needs to be comprehensively calculated according to the space volumes of the battery module and the battery cabinet, the fire extinguishing design concentration, the heat production of the battery and the heat absorption capacity of water mist.
Furthermore, the power (pressure) of a pump and the flow coefficient of a nozzle in the automatic fire extinguishing system need to ensure that the particle size and the density of the water mist cannot influence the battery which is not out of control.
Furthermore, the power (pressure) of a pump and the flow coefficient of a nozzle in the automatic fire extinguishing system are set to ensure the fire extinguishing agent spray intensity capable of inhibiting flame when the thermal runaway of the battery is most severe, the power (pressure) of a pump group of the fire extinguishing system is increased when the thermal runaway development becomes severe in a secondary control signal, and the power (pressure) of the pump group can be properly reduced to prolong the cooling time after the temperature of the battery reaches a platform when the battery is cooled after open fire is extinguished; when intermittent spray cooling is adopted in the three-level control signal, the injection time and the interval time are set to meet the condition that the temperature of the battery does not rise back.
Furthermore, each battery module in the battery cabinet is provided with an early warning system and an automatic fire extinguishing system, and is connected with a control system of the battery cabinet in a unified manner. The automatic fire extinguishing system can adopt different fire extinguishing measures for different battery modules through different fire branch circuits and electromagnetic valves.
A multi-stage early warning and fire extinguishing method for a lithium ion battery cabinet fire disaster uses a multi-stage early warning and fire extinguishing device for the battery cabinet fire disaster, and the device comprises a four-stage early warning system, a control system, a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system and a water mist fire extinguishing system.
The method mainly comprises four levels of early warning response measures, wherein the first level of response: the temperature of the battery rises, and the temperature of the battery monomer is quickly reduced before thermal runaway occurs; secondary response: a thermal runaway early warning and rapid cooling measure in the battery module; three-stage response: open fire early warning and fire extinguishing measures in the battery module; four-stage response: the thermal runaway early warning and the flame propagation inhibition of the energy storage cabinet. Furthermore, the fire extinguishing method comprises also three stages, wherein the first stage: the critical spray intensity of the fire extinguishing system is set to ensure that open flames can be extinguished quickly; and a second stage: after the open fire is extinguished, the early warning system transmits a signal to the control system, the control system reduces the power (pressure) of a pump group in the fire extinguishing system to properly reduce the flow of the fire extinguishing agent, and if the heat is out of control or the flame is more intense, the power (pressure) of the pump group is increased to increase the flow of the fire extinguishing agent; and a third stage: the control system carries out intermittent spray cooling based on the solenoid valve of single chip microcomputer control fire extinguishing system, further improves the cooling effect of fire extinguishing agent, can practice thrift most fire extinguishing agent quantity simultaneously.
The early warning system mainly comprises a battery module internal thermal runaway early warning module and a battery cabinet fire early warning module. Wherein different early warning modules set different early warning factors and response thresholds.
Furthermore, early warning modules of different monitoring sites in the battery module use different early warning factors and are integrated in different existing sensors. Wherein, the surface temperature of the battery is detected by a distributed optical fiber temperature-sensing detector arranged on the side surface of the battery (the surface on the side of the battery is not arranged on the upper surface so as to prevent the thermal runaway of the battery from damaging the battery). The distributed optical fiber sensing technology is mainly based on scattering light and forward light principles, and is based on scattering light principles, and three optical effects are usually adopted, namely Rayleigh scattering, raman scattering and Brillouin scattering. The Raman scattering is mainly used for detecting temperature, the light intensity of backward Raman scattering light generated by incident pulses changes along with the temperature change, the detected Stokes light and Anti-Stokes light are demodulated to obtain the temperature along the optical fiber, and the positioning can be carried out according to the optical time domain reflection principle. Therefore, the distributed optical fiber temperature-sensing detector not only greatly improves the early warning accuracy, but also can accurately position the position of the battery with faults.
The four-stage early warning system comprises a distributed optical fiber temperature-sensing detector for monitoring the temperature of the battery and accurately positioning, a thermal runaway early warning module in the battery module, a linear temperature-sensing fire detector for monitoring the fire of the battery cabinet, a pressure sensor and a second smoke detector;
furthermore, the early warning module arranged in each battery module mainly comprises an infrared flame detector and a H 2 And a CO detector, a smoke first fog detector and a Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) detector for detecting ambient temperature, flame, H in the module 2 And CO gas concentration, flue gas quantity and volatile organic content.
Furthermore, a distributed optical fiber temperature-sensing detector is arranged on the surface of the battery cabinet to detect the temperature of the shell of the battery cabinet. And a stress sensor is arranged in the early warning module to detect the impact force of gas generated after the thermal runaway of the battery on the battery cabinet. The top of the battery cabinet is provided with a linear temperature-sensing fire detector for detecting the size of flame spread in the battery cabinet; the second smoke detector detects the amount of smoke overflowing from the battery cabinet.
Furthermore, the early warning module is connected with the control system through a transmission line, detected signals are transmitted into the control system, and the control system processes the early warning signals. When the characteristic value detected by the early warning signal exceeds a set threshold value, the control system can send out an alarm and control the fire extinguishing system to respond.
Further, the early warning signals include a first-level early warning signal, a second-level early warning signal, a third-level early warning signal and a fourth-level early warning signal aiming at setting thresholds of different safety states in the battery cabinet. And the control signal of the control system to the fire extinguishing system is divided into a first-level control signal, a second-level control signal and a third-level control signal aiming at the thermal runaway and flame suppression conditions.
The automatic fire extinguishing system comprises a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system, a water mist fire extinguishing system and a water spraying fire extinguishing system.
The system comprises a battery cabinet, a perfluorohexanone system, a water mist fire extinguishing system, a pressure pump, a water mist storage tank, a fire-fighting pipeline, a pressure valve, a solenoid valve, a spray head and the like, wherein the perfluorohexanone system and the water mist fire extinguishing system are arranged near the battery cabinet. The spray heads of the two are arranged at the top center of each layer of battery module in the battery cabinet. The water spraying fire extinguishing system mainly comprises a water storage tank, a high temperature resistant fire fighting pipeline, a spraying nozzle, a booster pump, an electromagnetic valve and the like. And a spray nozzle is arranged at the top of the prefabricated cabin above each battery cabinet, and a spray nozzle is arranged at the center of the top of the adjacent battery cabinet and the center of the top of the prefabricated cabin.
Furthermore, the fire extinguishing system receives the multistage control signals from the control system, so that the fire extinguishing working condition can be flexibly changed. When the temperature fed back by the distributed optical fiber temperature-sensitive detector in the battery module exceeds a battery heat management temperature threshold value by 60 ℃, a first-level early warning signal is sent out, meanwhile, the control system sends out a first-level control signal, and the perfluoro hexanone fire extinguishing system cools the battery module by releasing perfluoro hexanone through the first perfluoro hexanone spray head according to preset pump set power and flow. And after the temperature of the battery is reduced to the normal working temperature, the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system is closed.
Furthermore, once the temperature rise phenomenon of the battery cannot be inhibited by the first-stage fire extinguishing response, a series of chemical reactions occur inside the battery to generate a large amount of gas until the safety valve is broken. H in the battery module 2 When the characteristic gas concentration fed back by the CO sensor exceeds a threshold value or the feedback pressure value of the battery cabinet pressure sensor is greatly increased, a secondary early warning signal is sent, a control system sends a secondary control signal, the pump set power or the pressure of the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system is increased, the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system of the thermal runaway battery module is simultaneously opened to cool, and heat transfer of smoke to the runaway battery is prevented. If the temperature of the battery is reduced to a stable temperature platform, the control system sends a three-level control signal, and the three-level control signal is started based on the Arduino development platformIntermittent spray cooling response measures for fire suppression systems. According to classical boiling theory, intermittent spray cooling can provide a short time response to control heat flux by proper matching of spray frequency and pulse duration during nucleate boiling heat transfer. The duty cycle, defined as the percentage of the total time of the spray cycle, is an important parameter that affects the cooling performance of intermittent sprays. Fast heat flux response can be achieved using a high duty cycle, and a low duty cycle can better control the battery surface temperature. Not only can improve the cooling effect, but also can save a large amount of fire extinguishing agent.
Further, when the infrared flame detector in the battery module detects that flame appears or the temperature rise rate of the distributed optical fiber temperature-sensing detector exceeds 1 ℃/s, and one parameter of the VOC detector and the first smoke detector exceeds a set threshold, the control system sends out a three-level early warning signal and a one-level control signal. At the moment, a booster pump of the water mist fire extinguishing system is started, an electromagnetic valve of the thermal runaway battery module where the booster pump is located is started, and water mist is sprayed to inhibit flame and thermal runaway propagation. When the open fire is extinguished, the infrared flame detector feeds back a signal, the control system sends out a secondary control signal, and the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system stops working (if the temperature of the distributed optical fiber temperature-sensitive detector in the battery module is not out of control exceeds 60 ℃, the primary response is triggered again). The power (pressure) of a booster pump of the water mist fire extinguishing system is reduced to reduce the flow of water mist, and the out-of-control battery module is further cooled. After the water mist spraying state is stable, the control system sends a three-level control signal, the single chip microcomputer controls the electromagnetic valve to perform intermittent spray cooling measures, and cooling time and water saving are increased while the cooling effect is improved.
Furthermore, when the three-level response measures cannot inhibit the thermal runaway propagation in the battery cabinet, the linear temperature-sensing fire detector above the battery cabinet detects that flame exceeds the size of the battery cabinet or the second smoke detector on the wall surface of the prefabricated cabin detects that the smoke volume overflowing from the battery cabinet and the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor exceed a set threshold value, the water spraying fire extinguishing system is started, and the open water spraying nozzle above the battery cabinet releases water mist to extinguish fire and cool. Meanwhile, a second perfluorohexanone sprayer on the ceiling between the battery cabinets releases perfluorohexanone to prevent flame from spreading to the surrounding battery cabinets.
The invention has the advantages that: 1. the early warning and fire extinguishing method provides a four-stage early warning mechanism, covers three levels of a battery monomer, a module and a battery cabinet, monitors four stages of battery thermal runaway earlier stage, thermal runaway trigger, open fire generation and large-scale fire spread in real time and sends out four-stage early warning signals. 2. The multi-parameter early warning factors used by the early warning and fire extinguishing method comprise the surface temperature of the battery, the internal temperature of the module, flame signals, the amount of smoke, VOC, pressure and the like, and the accuracy of the early warning system is greatly improved. 3. The early warning and fire extinguishing method provides a four-stage response mechanism, and takes fire extinguishing measures such as perfluorohexanone, water mist and water spraying aiming at a four-stage early warning signal, so that the thermal runaway propagation of the battery can be effectively inhibited. 4. The early warning and fire extinguishing method flexibly changes working conditions such as power (pressure), duty ratio, frequency and the like of the pump at different stages in the fire extinguishing process so as to further improve fire extinguishing and cooling effects and save energy and fire extinguishing agent consumption.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic layout diagram of an early warning fire extinguishing system in a battery module, wherein 1 is the battery module, 2 is an early warning module, 3 is a battery monomer, 4 is a distributed optical fiber temperature-sensitive detector, 5 is a first perfluorohexanone spray head, and 6 is a water mist spray head.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of arrangement of an early warning fire extinguishing system in a battery cabinet, wherein 7 is the battery cabinet, 8 is a transmission line, 9 is a control system, 10 is a single chip microcomputer, 11 is an automatic fire extinguishing system, 12 is a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent storage tank, 13 is a water storage tank, 14 is a booster pump, 15 is a water pump, 16 is a fire fighting pipeline, 17, 18 and 19 are respectively a first electromagnetic valve, a second electromagnetic valve and a third electromagnetic valve of the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system, and 20, 21 and 22 are respectively a first electromagnetic valve, a second electromagnetic valve and a third electromagnetic valve of a water mist fire extinguishing system.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the early warning fire extinguishing system outside the battery cabinet, wherein 23 is a prefabricated cabin, 24 is an open water spray nozzle, 25 is a second perfluorohexanone spray nozzle, 26 is a linear temperature-sensitive fire detector, 27 is a pressure sensor, 28 is a second smoke detector, and 29 is a vent.
Fig. 4 is a design idea diagram of the early warning and fire extinguishing system of the battery cabinet.
Fig. 5 is a control flow chart of a battery cabinet multistage early warning fire extinguishing method.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
The multistage early warning and fire extinguishing method for the lithium ion battery cabinet fire mainly comprises the following steps: the method uses a battery cabinet fire multi-stage early warning fire extinguishing system. As shown in fig. 1-3, the pre-warning fire suppression system includes a four-stage pre-warning system, a control system 9, and an automatic fire suppression system 11. The four-stage early warning system mainly carries out real-time monitoring and early warning on the battery monomer 3, the battery module 1 and the battery cabinet 7 at different stages before and after thermal runaway.
The battery module 1 includes a plurality of battery cells 3. The battery module 1 is located in the battery cabinet 7. Each battery module 1 in the battery cabinet is provided with a four-stage early warning system and an automatic fire extinguishing system 11, and is uniformly connected with a control system 9 of the battery cabinet. The automatic fire extinguishing system 11 can take different fire extinguishing measures for different battery modules 1 through different fire branch circuits and electromagnetic valves.
The four-stage early warning system comprises a distributed optical fiber temperature-sensing detector, a battery module thermal runaway early warning module, a linear temperature-sensing fire detector 26, a pressure sensor 27 and a second smoke detector 28.
The sensors of the four-stage early warning system are arranged in the battery cabinet and at different positions around the battery cabinet, and the types, early warning factors and early warning threshold values are different. The sensor before the thermal runaway of the battery monomer 3 is mainly a distributed optical fiber temperature-sensing detector 4, and the temperature and the position of the battery which generates the self-heating reaction can be accurately judged in real time. The distributed optical fiber temperature-sensing detector 4 is arranged on the side surface of each battery monomer 3 and used for monitoring the temperature change of the battery monomer and determining the position of the battery with the temperature rise phenomenon, namely primary early warning. The early warning module 2 for monitoring thermal runaway in the battery module 1 mainly comprises an infrared flame detector and an H 2 And a CO sensor, a VOC detector and a first smoke detector which are arranged at the top corner of the battery module, and the early warning system can be greatly improved through various parameter coupling early warningsAnd (4) accuracy. H in thermal runaway early warning module 2 in battery module 2 And the CO sensor and the pressure sensor on the surface of the battery cabinet are respectively used for detecting the characteristic gas concentration and the generated pressure after the battery safety valve is opened, namely secondary early warning. An infrared flame detector, a first smoke detector and a VOC (volatile organic compound) detector in the thermal runaway early warning module capture open fire generated in the battery module 1, and the three-stage early warning is obtained. The sensors of the battery cabinet 7 mainly comprise a linear temperature-sensitive fire detector 26 directly above the battery cabinet, a surface pressure sensor 27 and a second smoke detector 28 on the surface of the prefabricated cabin 23. The surface of the battery cabinet is provided with a pressure sensor 27, the wall of the prefabricated cabin nearby is provided with a second smoke detector 28, and the top of the prefabricated cabin above is provided with a linear temperature-sensing fire detector 26 for detecting large-scale thermal runaway propagation in the battery cabinet, namely four-level early warning. The four-level early warning is carried out layer by layer, and four-level fire extinguishing response can be carried out aiming at different battery level thermal runaway and different states.
The control system 9 comprises a signal processing module, an alarm module and a control module. The input end of the control system 9 is connected with the early warning system through the transmission line 8, and the output end is connected with the automatic fire extinguishing system 11. The signal processing module is responsible for receiving and processing the detection signal of the early warning system, and is used for processing and analyzing the early warning signal received from the transmission line 8, triggering an alarm once the early warning signal exceeds a set threshold value, sending out the early warning signal of a corresponding grade by the alarm module, and simultaneously controlling the fire extinguishing system to perform corresponding measures. The control module comprises a singlechip 10 and other elements and is used for controlling the fire extinguishing system to take measures such as intermittent spray cooling and the like. The control module controls the fire extinguishing system to take response measures of different levels according to early warning signals of different levels, and can also control the fire extinguishing system to flexibly change a fire extinguishing method according to different thermal runaway states in the battery cabinet.
The automatic fire extinguishing system 11 includes a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system, a water mist fire extinguishing system, and a water spray fire extinguishing system. The perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system consists of a perfluorohexanone storage tank, a booster pump 14, a fire pipeline 16, an electromagnetic valve and a perfluorohexanone spray head. The water mist fire extinguishing system is composed of a water storage tank 13, a water pump 15, a fire pipeline 16, an electromagnetic valve and a water mist nozzle 6. The water-sprinkling fire-extinguishing system consists of a water storage tank 13, an open-type water-sprinkling nozzle 24 and a fire-fighting pipeline 16. The automatic fire extinguishing system 11 is operated by the control system 9. The perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent storage tank 12 and the water storage tank 13 near the battery cabinet 7 are respectively connected with a booster pump 14 and a water pump 15 through a fire-fighting pipeline 16, and the power (pressure) of the pump set is controlled by a control system 9. Then, the fire fighting pipeline 16 is divided into a plurality of lines to connect the first perfluorohexanone spray head 5 and the water mist spray head 6 in the battery module 1 through the electromagnetic valves (17 to 22). The perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system can perform a cooling measure for the battery monomer 3 which has self-heating reaction and exceeds a thermal management temperature range, and the battery cannot be damaged due to the fact that the conductivity of the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system is 0. If perfluor hexanone fire extinguishing systems can't restrain battery thermal runaway, lead to producing naked light in the battery module 1, water smoke fire extinguishing systems suppresses flame through 6 release water smoke of water smoke shower nozzle to take place thermal runaway propagation in preventing battery module 1, all the other battery modules that do not take place thermal runaway in 5 release perfluor hexanone of first perfluor hexanone shower nozzle cool off, prevent that flame and high temperature flue gas from igniting the battery. Once large-scale thermal runaway propagation occurs in the battery cabinet 7, a water spraying fire extinguishing system and a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system outside the battery cabinet 7 are started to prevent flame from spreading all around. The open water spray nozzles 24 are arranged right above the battery cabinets 7, and the second perfluorohexanone spray nozzles 25 are arranged at the top of the prefabricated cabin 23 between the two battery cabinets 7.
The battery cabinet 7 is provided with a ventilation opening 29.
As shown in fig. 4-5, the main implementation process of the multi-stage pre-warning and fire-extinguishing method for the lithium ion battery cabinet fire hazard is as follows:
when the temperature of the single battery 3 in a certain battery module 1 in the battery cabinet 7 exceeds 60 ℃, the distributed optical fiber temperature-sensitive detector 4 can accurately position the position of the single battery 3 and transmit the acquired data to the control system 9, and the control system 9 sends a primary early warning signal and a primary control signal. Perfluor hexanone fire extinguishing systems starts, and the first solenoid valve 17 of the perfluor hexanone fire extinguishing systems that the battery module 1 that this battery monomer 3 belongs to corresponds opens, and the perfluor hexanone in perfluor hexanone fire extinguishing agents storage tank 12 is through the release of 16 first perfluor hexanone shower nozzles 5 in the follow battery module 1 of fire-fighting pipeline behind the booster pump 14 pressurization to cool off the battery. And after the temperature of the battery monomer 3 returns to normal, stopping the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system.
If the self-heating reaction of the cell 3 is not inhibited after the first-order response, the safety valve of the cell 3 is broken. A large amount of combustible gas is generated in the thermal runaway battery module 1, the pressure sensor 27 on the surface of the battery cabinet 7 senses a pressure signal which rises sharply, and meanwhile, the early warning module 2 can detect high-content H in the flue gas 2 And CO concentration is fed back to the control system 9. The control system 9 sends out a secondary early warning signal and a secondary control signal, the power of a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system booster pump 14 corresponding to the battery module 1 where the battery monomer 3 is located is increased, and meanwhile, the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system of the battery module 1 which is not out of control is started. After the battery temperature forms a stable platform, the control system 9 sends out a three-level control signal, the singlechip 10 controls the first, second and third electromagnetic valves 17, 18 and 19 of the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system according to preset spraying time and interval time to take intermittent spray cooling measures, the measures can improve the cooling effect of the perfluorohexanone and reduce the consumption of fire extinguishing agents.
If the secondary response is followed, the thermal runaway of the battery cell 3 is not suppressed until it is in the event of a fire. At this time, open fire, a large amount of smoke, and unreacted Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) will occur in the battery module 1 in which thermal runaway occurs. The sensors in the early warning module 2 transmit the data of the early warning factors to the control system 9, and when each value exceeds a set early warning threshold value, the control system 9 sends out a third-level early warning signal and a first-level control signal. At the moment, the three-stage response is triggered, and the water mist fire extinguishing system of the thermal runaway battery module 1 is started. Water in the water storage tank 13 is at water pump 15's effect under through 16 release of water smoke shower nozzle 6 in following battery module 1 of fire-fighting pipeline, aims at putting out the open fire the very first time to carry out quick cooling to battery module 1, prevent the thermal runaway propagation. After the open fire is extinguished, the infrared flame detector in the early warning module 2 feeds back a signal to the control system 9, the control system 9 sends a secondary control signal, the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system without the thermal runaway battery module stops, the power (pressure) of the water pump 15 in the water mist fire extinguishing system is reduced to a cooling mode, and the water mist can penetrate through the flame and the high-temperature flue gas to the root of the flame at the safety valve only by ensuring the larger spray intensity because the battery jet fire has larger impact force. And after the open fire is extinguished, the pressure can be reduced by cooling the battery so as to prolong the cooling time. After the power (pressure) of the water pump 15 is adjusted, the control system 9 sends out a three-level control signal, and the single chip microcomputer 10 controls the first electromagnetic valve 20 of the water mist fire extinguishing system according to the preset spraying time and the preset interval time to take an intermittent spraying cooling measure, so that the cooling time can be further prolonged, and the water quantity is saved. Above all, intermittent spray cooling can improve the cooling effect of water mist and prevent battery afterburning and thermal runaway propagation.
If the fire is not suppressed in the battery cabinet 7 after the first three stages of fire extinguishing response, large-scale thermal runaway propagation occurs in the battery cabinet 7, and even flame spreads from the battery cabinet 7 to the periphery. The pressure sensor 27 on the surface of the outer shell of the battery cabinet 7 is used for monitoring the explosion pressure of gas when thermal runaway occurs inside the battery cabinet 7 to judge the intensity of propagation of the thermal runaway and whether the explosion pressure possibly exceeds the damage pressure threshold value of the outer shell of the battery cabinet 7, the linear temperature-sensitive fire detector 26 right above the battery cabinet 7 is used for monitoring whether flame of the battery cabinet 7 spreads outwards, and the second smoke detector 28 on the wall of the prefabricated cabin 23 is used for monitoring the smoke amount generated by the thermal runaway of the battery in the battery cabinet 7. Once the three early warning factors exceed the set threshold, the water spraying fire extinguishing system is started. The open water spray nozzles 24 above the battery cabinet 7 are opened, and meanwhile, the second perfluorohexanone nozzles 25 at the top of the prefabricated cabin 23 at the two sides of the battery cabinet 7 release perfluorohexanone to extinguish overflowed flames, so that a low-oxygen and low-temperature environment is manufactured around the battery cabinet 7.
The present embodiment is merely an example of the present invention, and does not limit the scope of the invention. Modifications and alterations by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the invention are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-stage early warning and fire extinguishing method for a lithium ion battery cabinet fire is characterized in that: the method uses a battery cabinet fire multi-stage early warning and extinguishing device, and the device comprises a four-stage early warning system, a control system and an automatic fire extinguishing system;
the four-stage early warning system carries out real-time monitoring and early warning on different stages before and after thermal runaway of three stages of a battery monomer, a battery module and a battery cabinet; the battery module comprises a plurality of battery monomers and is arranged in the battery cabinet;
the four-stage early warning system comprises a distributed optical fiber temperature-sensing detector, a battery module thermal runaway early warning module, a linear temperature-sensing fire detector, a pressure sensor and a second smoke detector;
the distributed optical fiber temperature-sensing detector is arranged on the side surface of each battery monomer and is used for monitoring the temperature change of the battery monomer and determining the position of the battery with the temperature rise phenomenon, namely primary early warning;
the battery module thermal runaway early warning module comprises an infrared flame detector and an H 2 And a CO sensor, a first smoke detector and a Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) detector;
h in thermal runaway early warning module in battery module 2 The CO sensor and the pressure sensor on the surface of the battery cabinet are respectively used for detecting the characteristic gas concentration and the generated pressure after the battery safety valve is opened, and the characteristic gas concentration and the generated pressure are secondary early warning; an infrared flame detector, a first smoke detector and a VOC (volatile organic compound) detector in the thermal runaway early warning module capture open fire generated in the battery module, and the three-stage early warning is obtained; the surface of the battery cabinet is provided with a pressure sensor, the wall of the prefabricated cabin adjacent to the battery cabinet is provided with a second smoke detector, and the top of the prefabricated cabin above the battery cabinet is provided with a linear temperature-sensing fire detector for detecting thermal runaway propagation in the battery cabinet, namely four-level early warning; the four-level early warning is carried out layer by layer, and four-level fire extinguishing response can be carried out aiming at different battery level thermal runaway and different states;
the control system comprises a signal processing module, an alarm module and a control module; the input end of the control system is connected with the early warning system, and the output end of the control system is connected with the automatic fire extinguishing system; the signal processing module is responsible for receiving and processing a detection signal of the early warning system, and when the signal exceeds a preset threshold value, the alarm module sends out an early warning signal of a corresponding grade; the control module controls the fire extinguishing system to adopt response measures of different levels according to early warning signals of different levels or controls the fire extinguishing system to change a fire extinguishing method according to different thermal runaway states in the battery cabinet;
the automatic fire extinguishing system comprises a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system, a water mist fire extinguishing system and a water spraying fire extinguishing system, and is controlled by the control system;
preferably, the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system comprises a perfluorohexanone storage tank, a booster pump, a fire pipeline, an electromagnetic valve and a perfluorohexanone spray head; preferably, the water mist fire extinguishing system comprises a water storage tank, a water pump and a water mist spray head; preferably, the water sprinkler fire suppression system comprises an open water sprinkler head.
2. The multi-stage early warning and fire extinguishing method for the lithium ion battery cabinet fire disaster as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the multistage early warning and fire extinguishing method comprises four stages of early warning response measures, wherein the first stage of response: the temperature of the battery rises, and the temperature of the battery monomer is reduced before thermal runaway; secondary response: a thermal runaway early warning and cooling measure in the battery module; three-stage response: open fire early warning and fire extinguishing measures in the battery module; four-stage response: early warning of thermal runaway and flame propagation inhibition of the battery cabinet;
preferably, the multi-stage pre-warning and fire extinguishing method further comprises a fire extinguishing method, wherein the fire extinguishing method comprises three stages, wherein the first stage: setting the critical spray intensity of the fire extinguishing system ensures that open flames can be extinguished; and a second stage: after the open fire is extinguished, the early warning system transmits a signal to the control system, the control system reduces the power or pressure of a pump group in the fire extinguishing system to reduce the flow of the fire extinguishing agent, and if the thermal runaway or the flame is more violent, the power or pressure of the pump group is increased to increase the flow of the fire extinguishing agent; and a third stage: the control system controls the electromagnetic valve of the fire extinguishing system to perform intermittent spray cooling based on the single chip microcomputer.
3. The multi-stage early warning and fire extinguishing method for the lithium ion battery cabinet fire disaster as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the primary response is the early warning and cooling of the thermal runaway of the battery monomer; the primary response is implemented by combining a distributed optical fiber temperature-sensing detector on the side surface of the single battery, a control system and a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system; when the temperature of the single battery rises, the distributed optical fiber temperature-sensing detector transmits a reflected light signal to a signal processing module in a control system, once the temperature of the single battery exceeds 60 ℃, the signal processing module determines the position of the single battery according to a feedback signal, an alarm module sends a primary early warning signal, the control module sends a primary control signal, a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system of a module in which the single battery is located is started, and a perfluorohexanone spray head releases perfluorohexanone to cool the single battery; and after the temperature of the battery is recovered to the normal temperature (25-40 ℃), closing the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system.
4. The multi-stage early warning and fire extinguishing method for the lithium ion battery cabinet fire disaster as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the secondary response is thermal runaway early warning and inhibition of the thermal runaway battery module and a cooling measure of the thermal runaway battery module which does not occur; if the self-heating reaction of the battery cannot be inhibited by the first-level response to cause the rupture of a single battery safety valve in the battery module, the early warning module in the battery module detects the H 2 And the CO concentration and the pressure signal of the pressure sensor are sent to a control system, if the early warning factor exceeds a threshold value, the control system sends a secondary early warning signal and a secondary control signal, the secondary fire extinguishing response is that the power or the pressure of a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system of the battery module which generates thermal runaway is increased, and meanwhile, the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system of the battery module which does not generate thermal runaway is started to cool and protect the battery which does not generate thermal runaway, so that the smoke is prevented from causing thermal runaway through thermal convection or thermal radiation; after the temperature of the battery drops to form a platform in the cooling process, the control system sends a three-level control signal, and the single chip microcomputer controls the electromagnetic valve to take an intermittent spray cooling measure according to set parameters; preferably, the parameters include injection time, interval time, injection frequency and/or duty cycle.
5. The multi-stage early warning and fire extinguishing method for the lithium ion battery cabinet fire disaster as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the third-level response comprises the measures of fire early warning and fire extinguishing of the battery module with thermal runaway occurring and cooling of the battery module without thermal runaway occurring; if the secondary response cannot inhibit the battery from thermal runaway to generate open fire, the early warning module in the battery module sends signals to the control system through the infrared flame detector, the first smoke detector and the VOC detector, and triggers a three-level early warning signal and a primary control signal in time; closing a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system in the thermal runaway module and starting a water mist fire extinguishing system; after the open fire is extinguished, the control system sends out a secondary control signal, the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system is closed, and meanwhile, the power or the pressure of a water pump of the water mist fire extinguishing system is reduced; and finally, sending a three-level control signal, and taking an intermittent spray cooling measure.
6. The multi-stage early warning and fire extinguishing method for the lithium ion battery cabinet fire disaster as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the four-level response is a fire early warning and fire extinguishing cooling measure of the battery cabinet; if the thermal runaway propagation of the battery module is not inhibited by the three-level response, the thermal runaway propagation occurs in the battery cabinet, the linear temperature-sensing fire detector above the battery cabinet can monitor whether the flame size exceeds the size of the battery cabinet and spreads outwards, the battery cabinet pressure sensor detects whether the explosion pressure generated in the battery cabinet damages the battery cabinet, and the second smoke detector of the prefabricated cabin monitors the smoke quantity; when the early warning factor exceeds a preset threshold value, a water spraying fire extinguishing system arranged at the top of the prefabricated cabin right above the battery cabinet and perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing systems arranged at two sides of the battery cabinet are started to prevent flame from spreading outwards and suppress fire of the battery cabinet.
7. The multi-stage early warning and fire extinguishing method for the lithium ion battery cabinet fire, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the fire extinguishing agent used by the fire extinguishing system is perfluorohexanone and water, and the using amount of the fire extinguishing agent needs to be comprehensively calculated according to the space volumes of the battery module and the battery cabinet, the fire extinguishing design concentration and the heat production and water mist heat absorption capacity of the battery.
8. The multi-stage early warning and fire extinguishing method for the lithium ion battery cabinet fire disaster as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the power (pressure) of a pump and the flow coefficient of a nozzle in the automatic fire extinguishing system need to ensure that the particle size and the density of water mist cannot influence a battery which is not out of control.
9. The multi-stage early warning and fire extinguishing method for the lithium ion battery cabinet fire, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the power (pressure) of a pump and the flow coefficient of a nozzle in an automatic fire extinguishing system are set to ensure the spraying intensity of a fire extinguishing agent capable of inhibiting flame when the thermal runaway of a battery is most severe, the power (pressure) of a pump group of the fire extinguishing system is increased when the thermal runaway development becomes severe in a secondary control signal, and the power (pressure) of the pump group can be properly reduced to prolong the cooling time after the temperature of the battery reaches a platform when the battery with open fire is cooled; when intermittent spray cooling is adopted in the three-level control signal, the spraying time and the interval time are set to meet the condition that the temperature of the battery does not rise.
10. The multi-stage early warning and fire extinguishing method for the lithium ion battery cabinet fire disaster as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: each battery module in the battery cabinet is provided with an early warning system and an automatic fire extinguishing system and is uniformly connected with a control system of the battery cabinet; the automatic fire extinguishing system can adopt different fire extinguishing measures for different battery modules through different fire branch circuits and electromagnetic valves.
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| CN117679694B (en) * | 2024-02-04 | 2024-04-09 | 东营昆宇电源科技有限公司 | Fire-fighting pipeline control system for energy storage battery compartment |
| CN117815601A (en) * | 2024-03-05 | 2024-04-05 | 四川特威特消防科技有限公司 | Perfluoro-hexanone multi-stage fire extinguishing device for electrical cabinet |
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