CN109432634A - A kind of fire-fighting method of container-type lithium ion battery energy storage system - Google Patents

A kind of fire-fighting method of container-type lithium ion battery energy storage system Download PDF

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CN109432634A
CN109432634A CN201811165974.XA CN201811165974A CN109432634A CN 109432634 A CN109432634 A CN 109432634A CN 201811165974 A CN201811165974 A CN 201811165974A CN 109432634 A CN109432634 A CN 109432634A
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fire
battery
module
energy storage
fire extinguishing
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CN109432634B (en
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王青松
刘昱君
段强领
李煌
孙金华
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/005—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material using nozzles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • A62C37/36—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
    • A62C37/38—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone
    • A62C37/40—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone with electric connection between sensor and actuator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开的一种集装箱式锂离子电池储能***的消防方法，该方法利用自动灭火***和预警***。本发明可在单体电池火灾、电池模块火灾及储能***火灾等储能集装箱内火灾发生、蔓延的不同阶段分别启动三级灭火响应，并发出三级预警信号，即通过火探灭火***、细水雾灭火***、水喷淋及水幕***对单体电池火灾以及电池柜乃至集装箱间的火灾蔓延进行有效的抑制和阻隔，同时通过不同的预警信号使终端监控人员采取不同的应急措施，从而保障集装箱式储能***安全、高效的运行。The invention discloses a fire protection method for a container type lithium ion battery energy storage system, which utilizes an automatic fire extinguishing system and an early warning system. The invention can initiate a three-level fire extinguishing response in different stages of fire occurrence and spread in a storage battery such as a single battery fire, a battery module fire and a energy storage system fire, and issue a three-level early warning signal, that is, through a fire detection fire extinguishing system, The water mist fire extinguishing system, water spray and water curtain system effectively suppress and block the single battery fire and the fire spread between the battery cabinet and the container. At the same time, the terminal monitoring personnel take different emergency measures through different early warning signals. Thereby ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the containerized energy storage system.

Description

A kind of fire-fighting method of container-type lithium ion battery energy storage system
Technical field
The invention belongs to security technology areas, are related to fire-fighting system, and particularly, being related to one kind can be to container-type lithium ion Battery energy storage system fire realizes that three-level fire extinguishing responds and has both the fire-fighting method of warning function.
Background technique
In recent years, with the development that smart grid is built, the demand of battery energy storage constantly increases.Battery energy storage system has Peak load shifting, improves the advantages that power quality at emergency power.Lithium ion battery is since its energy density is big, output power is high, fills Many advantages, such as discharge life is long, operating temperature range is wide, self discharge is small is increasingly becoming in battery energy storage system using the widest General battery.Meanwhile being continuously increased with battery energy storage application demand, construction is fast, and the features such as moving becomes party in request pair The new demand of energy-storage system, container-type lithium ion battery energy storage system come into being.Container-type battery energy storage system is main Including battery cupboard, energy storage bidirectional converter and control system, background monitoring management system etc..Container-type battery energy storage system Core component be battery cupboard, subelement be battery module.Although lithium ion battery possesses excellent performance, but at it In overheating, overcharging, under the abuse conditions such as short circuit, because heat gathers thermal runaway can occur for inside battery, and then cause fire quick-fried Fried accident.Due to the limitation of energy density and space, energy storage container is generally arranged relative close, and without staff to packaging Working condition in case is monitored in real time.Therefore, if without timely after battery generation thermal runaway initiation fire in battery cupboard Carry out fire extinguishing cooling, then fire easily between battery module, spread in china even between energy storage container between battery cupboard, thus Large-scale fire explosion is caused, great threat is caused to personnel and property safety.Therefore, development is suitable for packaging The fire-fighting countermeasure of box lithium ion battery energy storage system fire is of great significance to the safe operation for ensureing energy-storage system.
At this stage, less for the fire-fighting strategy of container-type lithium ion battery energy storage system, and most collection installed The fire-fighting system that vanning formula battery energy storage system loads is single gas extinguishing system.It is existing to be stored up for container-type battery The fire-fighting strategy of energy system has very big deficiency and defect: (1) existing fire-fighting strategy is mostly level-one or secondary response, majority Fire-fighting system but does not consider after battery thermal runaway in intermodule sprawling and fire in energy storage just for the characteristic of the easy re-ignition of battery The case where being spread between cabinet.(2) extinguishing chemical mostly uses CO in existing fire-fighting strategy2Or the extinction using gas that heptafluoro-propane etc. is single Agent, and battery thermal runaway is a complicated process, single extinguishing chemical is lower to the inhibition efficiency of battery fire.(3) existing Fire-fighting strategy is mostly to put out open fire as target, though do not consider to put out open fire into the still very high feature of battery surface temperature.(4) Since battery module is the system of opposing seal, the fire-fighting mode in traditional fire extinguishing strategy can not be penetrated into battery module Portion cannot achieve accurately point-to-point fire extinguishing, therefore fire-fighting efficiency is low, and cooling effect is poor.
The present invention be directed to container-type lithium ion battery energy storage system fire the characteristics of, propose it is a kind of it is more intelligent, Systematization, efficient fire-fighting strategy, i.e. this fire-fighting strategy have the function of three-level fire extinguishing response and three-level early warning, realize in lithium Ion battery Initial Stage of Fire can act rapidly, and carry out early warning, fire extinguishing and protection resistance in each stage of battery fire spread Every.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: the defect and deficiency of fire-fighting system in Nowadays, Container shipping formula energy-storage units are filled up, is provided A kind of fire-fighting method of container-type lithium ion battery energy storage system ensures the safe operation of container-type energy-storage system.This hair It is bright to solve the problems, such as be: propose a kind of fire-fighting strategy, responded by three-level early warning and three-level, in container in energy-storage units The initial stage just rapid point-to-point fire extinguishing of thermal runaway occurs for lithium ion battery, and prevents heat by the various ways such as liquid cooling and water mists Propagation out of control further by increasing safe distance, effectively hinders flame using modes such as water curtain, water spray fire extinguishings And heat is propagated between energy storage container, and casualties and property loss is effectively reduced, and is escorted for the safe operation of energy-storage system It escorts.
To solve the above-mentioned problems and above-mentioned purpose is realized, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a kind of container-type lithium ion The fire-fighting method of battery energy storage system.This fire-fighting method mainly includes three-level response mechanism, and respectively level-one responds: battery module Interior thermal runaway early warning, point-to-point fire extinguishing and fast cooling；Secondary response: thermal runaway early warning and quick extinguishing drop in energy storage cabinet Temperature；Three-level response: flame propagation inhibits between energy storage container.Three-level response mechanism mainly relies on automatic fire extinguishing system and early warning System.
Early warning system mainly includes thermal runaway warning module in battery module, battery cupboard fire alarm module and container storage It can system fire alarm module.
Wherein, the warning module of different parts using different early warning factors and integrates different existing commercial sensors. It is similar with the early warning factor of the warning module of battery cupboard in battery module, for volatile organic content, exhaust gas volumn and CO amount, Using VOC sensor, smoke sensor device, CO sensor etc.；The early warning factor of the warning module of energy storage type container body is temperature Degree, exhaust gas volumn and deformation quantity, use temperature sensor, smoke sensor device, strain gauge.
Further, multiple sensors, microcontroller and communication line are integrated in warning module, when each sensor detects To characteristic value be more than setting threshold value when, warning module movement, issue warning signal and to next stage issue control signal.
Further, pre-warning signal has level-one pre-warning signal, second level pre-warning signal and three-level pre-warning signal.Pre-warning signal by Wireless transmitter issues, and the monitoring personnel positioned at controlling terminal can take different rob according to the different pre-warning signals received Rescue measure.
Further, the emergency flight control module for thering is wireless signal receiver and PLC to integrate on the outside of energy storage container cabinet, when Its receive early warning controller sending three-level pre-warning signal when, will starting control guide track system, make not disaster-stricken container to The direction translation of remote fire source, to prevent fire from propagating between energy storage container.
Automatic fire extinguishing system includes that fire visits fire extinguishing system, fine water mist fire-extinguishing system, extinction by automatic sprinkling system, water curtain fire extinguishing A variety of fire extinguishings such as system, back-fire relief system.
Wherein, fire visits fire extinguishing system and specifically includes that fire trace tube, storage tank, and micro pressure sensor, solenoid valve, high temperature resistant disappear Anti- pipeline etc.；Fine water mist fire-extinguishing system: pipeline, booster pump, water tank etc.；Water curtain fire extinguisher system is mainly by drencher, water supply The composition such as distributing pipe line, control valve.
Further, fire trace tube tube body is thermo-sensitive material, when ambient temperature is greater than preset temperature, the heated collection of tube surfaces Middle place can melt to form spout, realize point-to-point fire extinguishing, can act rapidly at battery thermal runaway initial stage, extinguish fire or in time Carry out cooling down；Fire trace tube should have certain voltage endurance capability.The preset temperature of fire trace tube is safety valve when battery fire occurs The temperature of flame zone at the 2-3cm of top is 170 ± 10 DEG C.The resistance to pressure pressure of maximum of fire trace tube is about 3.0-5.0MPa.
Further, the storage tank that fire visits fire extinguishing system designs for novel all-in-one, i.e., storage tank is divide into upper part and lower part, intermediate It is separated by steel pressure line with solenoid valve.Two parts up and down of storage tank can fill different firing-fighting medium and pressure simultaneously.Storage The material of tank is carbon fibre composite, and light overpressure resistant improves safety while reducing influences energy density.
Further, the top and the bottom of storage tank are penetrated through by steel pipeline, controlled by solenoid valve.Solenoid valve and microcontroller Connection, microcontroller receive the signal of warning module and micro pressure sensor respectively, preset when pressure sensor pressure is less than When each sensor detects that characterization factor content is more than threshold value in value and warning module, solenoid valve starting, extinguishing chemical passes through steel Pipeline enters top half storage tank, is discharged into flame range by the melting spout of fire trace tube.There is fixed device between storage tank and bottom surface, prevents Storage tank slips.The size of storage tank should depend on the dosage of extinguishing chemical simultaneously.Such as the single battery of 159.6Wh, perfluor hexanone The dosage of extinguishing chemical is about 1.6-1.7kg, i.e. 1.0~1.06L, can estimate roughly foamite amount according to battery total amount.
Further, fire visits the gas fire-extinguishing medium that the firing-fighting medium of fire extinguishing system filling is high-efficiency cleaning, predominantly goes out The higher heptafluoro-propane extinguishing chemical of fiery efficiency and the preferable perfluor hexanone extinguishing chemical of cooling effect etc..Gas extinguishing agent needs to use Inert gas driving, moderate heat of the present invention visits fire extinguishing system and uses nitrogen as driving gas, by NFPA2001 standard, according to difference Applying working condition the pressure of 2.0-3.0MPa is filled in storage tank.
Wherein, in order to make battery after fire extinguishing cool down faster, battery module bottom is equipped with emergency liquid cooling system.It is by battery The control of administrative unit (BMU) system, BUM receive the action signal of warning module.The liquid cooling plate thickness about 10mm of emergency liquid cooling system, Cooling medium is mainly the mixed liquor of ethylene glycol and water.
Wherein, the pipeline of fine water mist fire-extinguishing system is arranged in the cabinet body of battery cupboard, tubing internal diameter 4mm.Liquid is in pipe Partial heat can be taken away when flowing in body, is conducive to that thermal runaway is inhibited to propagate.The water pump of fine water mist fire-extinguishing system is by warning module The microcontroller in portion controls.Microcontroller receives the signal of second level early warning system, when early warning factor content is more than threshold value, thin water Fog pump is opened.
Further, the water tank of fine water mist fire-extinguishing system is corrosion-resistant, pressure-resistant fire proofing.The placement position of water tank It is set to the lateral surface or container outer bottom of container, this design can improve energy storage packaging while not influencing security of system The space utilization rate of case.
Further, in order to reduce the water stain influence to energy-storage system, the fine water mist fire-extinguishing system in the present invention is high pressure Fine water mist fire-extinguishing system, water mist, which releases stress, when starting can reach 6-10MPa, and water mist diameter is in 65um-100um.Thin water The firing-fighting medium filled in mist fire extinguishing system is the water containing additive.In order to reduce the corrosion to water tank and pipeline, add Agent mainly uses physical additive, such as surfactant, thickener, emulsifier.
Further, fine mist spray head is placed in above each module.After warning module issues action signal, in same subregion All spray heads release water mists, this can reduce the complexity of system design, reduce error rate, and significantly improve fire extinguishing and cooling Efficiency.Since current battery module meets IP67 standard, the water stain of short time will not be to battery module not out of control Inside impacts.
The present invention has the advantages that 1, this fire-fighting strategy proposes three-level response mechanism, can just be done at battery thermal runaway initial stage It responds out, and prevents fire in battery module or energy storage packaging by the fire extinguishing fire insulation measure such as water mists, water spray and water curtain It is propagated between case.2, this fire-fighting strategy includes three-level early warning mechanism, can be in monocell fire, battery module fire and energy storage container Fire occurs in the energy storage containers such as fire, the different phase of sprawling issues three-level pre-warning signal.3, this fire-fighting strategy is considered Easy re-ignition and surface still keep the characteristic of high temperature after battery fire extinguishing, are carried out using liquid cooling system and fine water mist fire-extinguishing system to battery Fast cooling can effectively block the propagation of battery thermal runaway.4, this fire-fighting strategy use Novel fire visits fire extinguishing system, passes through two kinds The synergistic effect of extinguishing chemical quickly puts out open fire and reduces battery surface temperature.5, gas extinguishing agent used in this fire-fighting strategy For Halon's succedaneum of new generation (such as perfluor hexanone, heptafluoro-propane), miscellaneous agent is compared, such extinguishing chemical not only cleans height Effect, and it is smaller to the destruction of battery module after fire extinguishing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that fire visits arrangement schematic diagram of the fire extinguishing system in battery module；Wherein, 1 is micro pressure sensor, and 2 are Fire trace tube, 8 be warning module in battery module, and 10 be battery management unit BMU, and 11 be single battery, and 12 be liquid cooling system.
Fig. 2 is the arrangement schematic diagram that battery cupboard moderate heat visits fire extinguishing system and fine water mist fire-extinguishing system, wherein 1 is miniature pressure Force snesor, 2 be fire trace tube, and 3 be storage tank, and 4 be pressure gauge, and 5 be pressure-resistant steel pipe, and 6 be solenoid valve, and 7 be second level warning module, 8 It is fine mist spray head for level-one warning module, 9,13 be battery module, and 14 be water mists pipeline, and 15 be water pump.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of fire-fighting system in energy storage container, wherein 16 be water tank.
Fig. 4 is the fire extinguishing subregion schematic diagram of fine water mist fire-extinguishing system in energy storage container.
Fig. 5 is schematic diagram of putting out a fire after energy storage container generation fire in building, wherein (a) is top view, before (b) being View.Wherein, 17 be three-level warning module, and 19 be water curtain fire extinguishing back-fire relief system, 20 water spray fire extinguishing systems, 21 energy storage packagings Case, 22 back-fire relief water curtains, 23 water curtain fire extinguisher system spray heads, 24 water spray spray heads.
Fig. 6 is to increase safe distance schematic diagram after fire occurs for outdoor placement energy storage container, wherein 17 be three-level early warning Module, 18 be moving guide rail, and 21 be energy storage container.
Fig. 7 is fire-fighting policy control flow chart.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
The fire-fighting method of this container-type lithium ion battery energy storage system specifically includes that automatic fire extinguishing system and early warning system System.
Automatic fire extinguishing system includes that fire visits fire extinguishing system, spray nozzle type automatic fire extinguishing system, extinction by automatic sprinkling system, water curtain A variety of fire extinguishings such as fire extinguishing system, back-fire relief system.Wherein, the fire trace tube that fire visits fire extinguishing system is mounted in module on battery safety valve At square 2-3cm, main function is quickly to form point-to-point fire extinguishing at battery thermal runaway initial stage, passes through the collaboration of different extinguishing chemicals Effect quickly extinguishes open fire and reduces battery temperature, mainly includes micro pressure sensor 1, fire trace tube 2, storage tank 3, pressure gauge 4, pressure-resistant steel pipe 5, solenoid valve 6 and communication line are several.Fine water mist fire-extinguishing system is mounted on above battery module at about 6cm, Main function is to carry out fast prompt drop to battery module by water mist when fire spy fire extinguishing system fails to inhibit the propagation of thermal runaway Temperature prevents thermal runaway to be propagated further, and mainly includes fine mist spray head 9, water mists pipeline 14, water pump 15, water tank 16.Thin water Fang Junyou is arranged fog spray head 9 on each module.Automatic spray and water curtain fire extinguisher system rely primarily on early warning system and place and store up Existing fire-fighting system linkage, extinction by automatic sprinkling system mainly include open type spray nozzle, disappear in the building of energy container Anti- pipeline etc.；Water curtain fire extinguisher system mainly includes drencher, water supply distributing pipe line etc..The warning module of early warning system mainly wraps Include early warning (level-one early warning) module 8 in battery module, battery cupboard early warning (second level early warning) module 7 and energy storage container early warning (three-level early warning) module 17.The warning module of three-level early warning is arranged in the different location of energy storage container, and its inner sensor kind Class is different.Warning module 8 inside battery module and battery cupboard warning module 7 mainly include VOC sensor, smoke sensor device, CO sensor etc.；Energy storage container warning module 17 mainly includes temperature sensor, smoke sensor device, strain gauge etc..
The main implementation process of this fire-fighting method is as follows:
When thermal runaway occurs for battery in certain module of energy storage container inside, temperature rapid increase for battery surface, safety valve Opening concurrently lights a fire calamity (in the form of jet stream fire).Fire trace tube 2 is acted on melt fracture by jet flame, releases heptafluoro-propane and goes out Fiery agent, 11 open fire of single battery are extinguished, and since heptafluoro-propane cooling effect is poor, 11 surface temperature of single battery is still at this time Keep higher temperature, and can still release a large amount of smog, CO gas and unreacted electrolyte etc..Extinguishing chemical in fire trace tube 2 It has discharged and has finished, micro pressure sensor 1 detects that pressure is less than threshold value in fire trace tube, transmits a signal to battery early warning mould Block 8.Warning module 8 detects that VOC, smog and CO content are more than preset value, and pressure is less than preset value in fire trace tube 2, then Warning module movement launches level-one pre-warning signal by wireless transmitter and issues signal to BMU10 by communication line.This The reason of sample designs mainly prevents early warning system from reporting by mistake, brings unnecessary trouble to personnel monitoring.Meanwhile warning module 8 Level signal is issued to solenoid valve 6, solenoid valve 6 is opened, the driving of the perfluor hexanone extinguishing chemical of 3 lower half portion of storage tank in high pressure N2 It is lower that top half storage tank is entered by pressure-resistant steel pipe 5, and it is discharged into flame range via the fire trace tube of melt fracture 2, to battery Carry out fast cooling.In order to make after putting out a fire, faster, BMU10 is when receiving the signal of warning module 8, Xiang Ying for battery cooling rate Anxious liquid cooling system issues signal, and the liquid cooling system 12 of battery module bottom starts, and cooperation extinguishing chemical effect fast speed belt walks battery heat Amount, the effective propagation for preventing thermal runaway in battery module.
If level-one response after battery cupboard Flame do not extinguish, i.e. the showing tremendous enthusiasm calamity of battery is propagated in intermodule, then this A large amount of flue gas, CO and unreacted volatile organic matter will be generated in the battery cupboard that Shi Fasheng thermal runaway is propagated, will be worth when it is each More than warning module 7 threshold value when, warning module 7 starts, and secondary response is triggered.It is sensed in warning module 7 and warning module 8 Device type is identical, but due in battery cupboard battery it is more, in order to avoid because caused by sensitivity is excessively high wrong report, warning module 7 The threshold value of middle early warning factor is larger.After warning module 7 acts, second level pre-warning signal is issued by wireless signal transmitter, and Water pump 15 is opened by PLC controller.Water in water tank 16 passes through water mists pipeline 14 after being pressurizeed by water pump 15 and enters battery cupboard In water mists pipeline, flowing water will take away partial heat.Meanwhile high pressure water is discharged by fine mist spray head, to battery cupboard Fire is quickly saved, and cools down to battery.Particularly, since battery module meets IP67 standard, and water mists Extinguishing chemical has certain insulation effect, therefore fine mist fire-fighting will not be such that the battery that thermal runaway does not occur produces because of external short circuit Heat amount.By taking Fig. 4 as an example, fine water mist fire-extinguishing system is divided into four subregions, mutually indepedent between four areas, respectively using each From early warning system, water tank and water pump.This measure can greatly increase fire-fighting efficiency, while reduce the waste of extinguishing chemical.Water mists Fire extinguishing subregion can be adjusted flexibly according to container remaining space size and degree of protection in practical application.
If battery fire is not effectively controlled yet after preceding two-stage response, since number of battery cells is huge in energy storage container, Then the intensity of a fire of energy storage container will become larger at this time, and energy storage container may be caused to burn destruction, and container generates serious deformation, Surface temperature rapid increase, and this process will be along with a large amount of smog.It at that time, will positioned at the warning module of container surface 17 Detect that each early warning factor is more than given threshold, warning module 17 acts.It will be sent out by wireless signal transmitter to outside Three-level pre-warning signal out.At this point, if energy storage container is located in building, as shown in figure 5, warning module 17 will be with building Interior water spray and water curtain system links, and fire is prevented to propagate to energy-storage units are closed on；If the outdoor placement of energy storage container, such as scheme Shown in 6, then warning module 17 will open lower part moving track 18, the energy storage that fire container is closed on by emergency flight control module Unit is to away from the movement of the direction of fire source.
Present embodiment does not limit its protection scope, the technology of this field only to exemplary illustration of the invention Some improvements and modifications that personnel are made without departing from the principle of the present invention should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1.一种集装箱式锂离子电池储能***的消防方法，其特征在于：包括：A fire protection method for a container type lithium ion battery energy storage system, comprising: 1)一级响应为电池模块内部的热失控预警，及对于单体电池火灾的扑救与快速降温；一级响应的主要作用为当电池模块内单体电池发生火灾时，快速释放灭火剂抑制电池明火，并通过灭火剂与应急液冷***的协同作用降低电池温度，防止热失控在电池模块内传播，一级响应主要由电池模块内预警***、火探灭火***、应急液冷***组成的装置实施；电池模块内电池发生热失控后，释放出的射流火熔断火探管，火探灭火***释放出预先填充的灭火剂。此时，电池模块内的预警模块接收到异常信号，其向微控制器发出信号，应急液冷***接收到微控制器的信号，液冷***内液体开始快速循环，带走电池热失控后的热量；1) The first-level response is the thermal runaway warning inside the battery module, and the fire-fighting and rapid cooling of the single-cell fire; the main function of the first-level response is to quickly release the fire-extinguishing agent to suppress the battery when the single-cell battery in the battery module is in a fire. Open flame, and reduce the battery temperature through the synergy between the fire extinguishing agent and the emergency liquid cooling system to prevent the thermal runaway from propagating in the battery module. The first-level response is mainly composed of the battery module internal warning system, the fire detection system, and the emergency liquid cooling system. Implementation; after the battery in the battery module is out of control, the released jet fire fuses the fire detector, and the fire detection system releases the pre-filled fire extinguishing agent. At this time, the warning module in the battery module receives the abnormal signal, which sends a signal to the microcontroller, and the emergency liquid cooling system receives the signal of the microcontroller, and the liquid in the liquid cooling system begins to circulate rapidly, taking away the battery after the thermal runaway Heat 2)二级响应为储能柜内的火灾预警、灭火及对多块电池的快速降温；二级响应的主要作用为当一次响应未有效抑制火灾在模块中的传播，导致储能电池柜中发生大规模热失控，此时启动细水雾灭火***使电池柜内明火熄灭，并使电池快速降温；二级响应主要由预警***、细水雾灭火***组成的装置实施；当一级响应未有效抑制热失控传播时，电池柜中发生大规模的热失控；此时，位于电池柜中的二级预警模块检测到预警因子超过预设阈值，预警模块将信号发送到微控制器，微控制器接收到控制信号后打开水泵，细水雾灭火***开启，位于电池柜每层的细水雾喷头开启，对火区进行快速的灭火降温；2) The secondary response is fire warning, fire extinguishing and rapid cooling of multiple batteries in the energy storage cabinet; the main function of the secondary response is that when one response does not effectively suppress the propagation of fire in the module, resulting in the energy storage battery cabinet A large-scale thermal runaway occurred, at which time the water mist fire extinguishing system was activated to extinguish the open flame in the battery cabinet and the battery was rapidly cooled; the secondary response was mainly implemented by an early warning system and a water mist fire extinguishing system; When the thermal runaway propagation is effectively suppressed, a large-scale thermal runaway occurs in the battery cabinet; at this time, the secondary warning module located in the battery cabinet detects that the early warning factor exceeds a preset threshold, and the early warning module sends a signal to the microcontroller, and the micro control After receiving the control signal, the water pump is turned on, the water mist fire extinguishing system is turned on, and the water mist nozzle on each floor of the battery cabinet is opened, and the fire area is quickly extinguished and cooled; 3)三级响应为储能集装箱间火灾蔓延的抑制；三级响应的主要作用为当一、二级响应都未有效抑制电池火灾时，三级响应可以避免火灾在储能集装箱之间的蔓延，尽可能减少财产损失；若储能集装箱位于建筑物内，则预警模块在检测到预警因子超过阈值后，发出信号启动建筑物内的水喷淋与水幕***，阻止火灾向临近储能单元传播；若集装箱露天放置，则预警模块在检测到预警因子超过阈值后，其将发出控制信号打开储能集装箱下部移动轨道，将火灾集装箱临近的储能单元向背离火源的方向移动。3) The third-level response is the suppression of the fire spread between the energy storage containers; the main function of the third-level response is that when the first and second-level responses are not effectively inhibiting the battery fire, the third-level response can avoid the spread of fire between the energy storage containers. If the energy storage container is located in the building, the warning module will send a signal to activate the water spray and water curtain system in the building to prevent the fire from approaching the adjacent energy storage unit after detecting that the warning factor exceeds the threshold. Propagation; if the container is placed in the open air, the warning module will send a control signal to open the lower moving orbit of the energy storage container after detecting that the warning factor exceeds the threshold, and move the energy storage unit adjacent to the fire container away from the fire source. 2.如权利要求1所述一种集装箱式锂离子电池储能***的消防方法，其特征在于：该方法利用包括自动灭火***、预警***组成的消防***实施；2 . The fire protection method for a container type lithium ion battery energy storage system according to claim 1 , wherein the method is implemented by using a fire protection system comprising an automatic fire extinguishing system and an early warning system; 所述自动灭火***包括火探灭火***、细水雾灭火***、水喷淋灭火***及水幕灭火***多种灭火阻火***；其中，火探灭火***主要由微型压力传感器、火探管、电磁阀、钢制管路、储罐组成；自动喷淋灭火***主要由开式喷淋喷头、消防管路组成；水幕灭火***主要由水幕喷头、供水配水管道组成；The automatic fire extinguishing system comprises a fire extinguishing system, a water mist fire extinguishing system, a water sprinkler system and a water curtain fire extinguishing system, wherein the fire detecting system is mainly composed of a miniature pressure sensor and a fire detecting tube. The electromagnetic valve, the steel pipeline and the storage tank are composed; the automatic sprinkler system is mainly composed of an open spray nozzle and a fire pipeline; the water curtain fire extinguishing system is mainly composed of a water curtain nozzle and a water supply distribution pipeline; 所述预警***主要为三级消防预警***，分别为电池模块内热失控预警模块即一级预警模块，集装箱内电池柜火灾预警模块即二级预警模块和集装箱箱体火灾预警模块即三级预警模块；模块内电池热失控预警模块与集装箱内电池柜火灾预警模块包括挥发性有机物(VOC)检测模块、烟雾检测模块、CO检测模块；集装箱箱体火灾预警模块包括温度检测模块、形变检测模块、烟雾检测模块；三级响应机制层层递进，互为基础，确保灭火***根据储能***内火灾情况分别作出不同级别的响应，此设计可以使灭火***的灭火效率最大化，同时防止因灭火剂误喷而造成的财产损失。The early warning system is mainly a three-level fire early warning system, which is a first-level early warning module for the thermal runaway early warning module in the battery module, a second-level early warning module for the battery cabinet fire early warning module, and a three-level early warning module for the container box fire early warning module. The battery thermal runaway warning module and the battery cabinet fire alarm module in the module include a volatile organic compound (VOC) detection module, a smoke detection module, and a CO detection module; the container box fire warning module includes a temperature detection module, a deformation detection module, and smoke. The detection module; the three-level response mechanism is progressive and mutually based, ensuring that the fire suppression system responds differently according to the fire conditions in the energy storage system. This design can maximize the fire extinguishing efficiency of the fire extinguishing system and prevent the fire extinguishing agent. Property damage caused by accidental spray. 3.如权利要求1所述一种集装箱式锂离子电池储能***的消防方法，其特征在于：该方案还利用应急液冷***等辅助降温***，应急液冷***主要由液冷板、液冷管路、水泵组成；应急液冷***通过电池管理单元(BMU)与预警***连接；应急液冷***的液冷板置于电池模块底部，且其厚度极小，可尽量减少液冷***对电池模块能量密度的影响。3 . The fire protection method for a container type lithium ion battery energy storage system according to claim 1 , wherein the solution further comprises an auxiliary liquid cooling system such as an emergency liquid cooling system, wherein the emergency liquid cooling system is mainly composed of a liquid cooling plate and a liquid. The cold pipeline and the water pump are composed; the emergency liquid cooling system is connected with the early warning system through the battery management unit (BMU); the liquid cooling plate of the emergency liquid cooling system is placed at the bottom of the battery module, and the thickness thereof is extremely small, so as to minimize the liquid cooling system The effect of battery module energy density. 4.如权利要求2所述一种集装箱式锂离子电池储能***的消防方法，其特征在于：电池模块内部使用的灭火***为为可释放两种清洁高效的灭火剂，实现熄灭明火和控制电池温度的双重目的；两种气体灭火剂的协同作用大大提高了灭火效率。The fire protection method for a container type lithium ion battery energy storage system according to claim 2, wherein the fire extinguishing system used inside the battery module is capable of releasing two kinds of clean and high-efficiency fire extinguishing agents, thereby extinguishing open flames and controlling The dual purpose of battery temperature; the synergy of the two gas fire extinguishing agents greatly improves the fire extinguishing efficiency. 5.如权利要求2所述一种集装箱式锂离子电池储能***的消防方法，其特征在于：所述电池模块内部气体灭火***的灭火介质选用七氟丙烷、全氟己酮高效洁净的气体灭火剂；灭火剂储存在储罐部分；灭火剂用量应根据电池模块封闭空间的体积，以及灭火设计浓度进行计算。The fire protection method for a container type lithium ion battery energy storage system according to claim 2, wherein: the fire extinguishing medium of the internal gas fire extinguishing system of the battery module is a heptafluoropropane or a perfluorohexanone high-efficiency clean gas fire extinguishing agent. The extinguishing agent is stored in the tank portion; the amount of the extinguishing agent should be calculated according to the volume of the closed space of the battery module and the concentration of the fire extinguishing design. 6.如权利要求2所述一种集装箱式锂离子电池储能***的消防方法，其特征在于：在集装箱电池柜的每层设置细水雾喷头，当电池柜模块间发生热失控传播时，细水雾灭火***启动，对电池进行快速的灭火与降温；当火灾在储能集装箱间传播时，通过增大储能集装箱间距或开启水喷淋及水幕***抑制火灾在储能集装箱间的蔓延。6 . The fire protection method for a container type lithium ion battery energy storage system according to claim 2 , wherein: a water mist nozzle is arranged on each layer of the container battery cabinet, and when thermal runaway propagation occurs between the battery cabinet modules, The water mist fire extinguishing system is activated to quickly extinguish and cool the battery; when the fire spreads between the energy storage containers, the fire is suspended in the energy storage container by increasing the distance between the energy storage containers or opening the water spray and water curtain system. spread.
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