CN115182325B - Ecological restoration method for perennial frozen soil in plateau alpine region - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for perennial frozen soil in plateau alpine region Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/11—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means
- E02D3/115—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means by freezing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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- C04B2111/00724—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 in mining operations, e.g. for backfilling; in making tunnels or galleries
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ecological restoration method for perennial frozen soil in plateau alpine regions, which comprises the following steps: (1) Carrying out basic geological data collection on original permafrost or peripheral permafrost in a region to be repaired, carrying out permafrost characteristic survey, and determining lithological characteristics and a rock stratum sequence of the permafrost in the region to be repaired; (2) Determining the bottom interface layer position, the top interface layer position and the thickness of a permafrost layer of the area to be repaired according to the rock stratum sequence determined in the step (1); (3) According to the lithology characteristics and the rock stratum sequence determined in the step (1), determining the composition of the frozen-simulated soil material to be repaired in a layering mode; (4) And (2) according to the rock stratum sequence determined in the step (1), backfilling the imitation frozen soil materials of different layers prepared in the step (3) to the area to be repaired layer by adopting a mechanical backfilling method, compacting and injecting water after each layer is backfilled, and then naturally recovering to be perennial frozen soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plateau mine environment restoration, and particularly relates to an ecological restoration method for perennial frozen soil in plateau alpine regions.
Background
Frozen soil is a soil body or rock which has the temperature equal to or lower than zero degree and contains ice, and perennial frozen soil is a soil layer which is lower than zero degree throughout the year. The frozen soil in the world is wide in distribution area, accounts for about 50% of the total land area, wherein the frozen soil area for many years in China accounts for about 22.4% of the land area, and is mainly distributed in northern northeast, western high mountain areas and Qinghai-Tibet plateau areas. The permafrost has direct causal connection with engineering safety, stability, frost heaving, thaw settlement and other geological disasters, and simultaneously plays a role of a relatively stable water barrier in a region, and has protection and mineralization control effects on underlying energy minerals, particularly gas minerals and the like. The permafrost is used as a special natural environment component in alpine regions, is sensitive to the change of the environment, has wide influence range of the change of the environment, and plays an important role in determining the stability and the protection of an ecological system in a region and even a wider range.
Mining activities in alpine regions in plateaus, particularly open-air mining activities, can cause excavation damage to permafrost layers and expose the permafrost layers to the earth surface, even if no further damage influence of pit mining activities exists, damages such as melting of the permafrost can be directly aggravated, geological disasters related to the permafrost are induced, a peripheral underground water flow field is changed, accumulated water in a mine pit and peripheral underground water are dredged, and vegetation degradation and water and soil loss are further caused. Therefore, the permafrost damage caused by the open-pit mining activities can cause a series of problems of ecological environment, geology or disasters, and the influence is profound and complex. If the permafrost layer of the open pit is not repaired, more serious consequences can be caused.
At present, the technology for repairing perennial frozen soil layers of mining pits in plateau alpine regions is still in a research stage, most of the methods used in practice are foreign soil backfilling, or frozen soil excavated in original mining pits is simply and mechanically backfilled into the mining pits at one time, and insufficient parts are supplemented by foreign soil.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides an ecological restoration method for perennial frozen soil in plateau alpine regions, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Carrying out basic geological data collection on original permafrost or peripheral permafrost in an area to be repaired, carrying out frozen soil characteristic survey, and determining lithology characteristics and a rock stratum sequence of the permafrost in the area to be repaired;
(2) Determining the bottom interface layer position, the top interface layer position and the thickness of a permafrost layer of the area to be repaired according to the rock stratum sequence determined in the step (1);
(3) According to the lithology characteristics and the rock stratum sequence determined in the step (1), determining the composition of the frozen soil imitation material to be repaired in a layering manner;
(4) And (2) according to the rock stratum sequence determined in the step (1), backfilling the imitation frozen soil materials of different layers prepared in the step (3) to the area to be repaired layer by adopting a mechanical backfilling method, compacting and injecting water after each layer is backfilled, and then naturally recovering to be perennial frozen soil.
Optionally, in the step (1), the basic geological data includes, but is not limited to, a top-bottom interface horizon of permafrost around the area to be repaired, distribution of the permafrost, an original formation sandstone and mudstone structure and horizon position and compaction coefficient of a stripping area of the open pit, a groundwater type, a groundwater level, a water-barrier-containing structure and horizon position;
the frozen soil characteristic survey comprises but is not limited to drilling, temperature monitoring and geological measurement of an area to be repaired; and (2) obtaining the characteristic information of the permafrost in the area to be repaired through the step (1), determining the lithology characteristics and the rock stratum sequence of the permafrost in the area to be repaired, and providing a geological basis for the structural design of the permafrost in the open pit. The temperature monitoring may be an approximately steady state thermometry.
The rock stratum sequence determined in the step (1) is a structure with alternately arranged high-hole sandstone strata and low-hole mudstone strata, the high-hole sandstone strata is a permeable stratum, and the low-hole mudstone strata is a water-resisting stratum. The lithological characteristics determined in the step (1) comprise the interface elevation, the rock stratum composition and the compaction coefficient of each permeable stratum and each waterproof stratum.
Optionally, the step (2) specifically includes: and (3) according to the rock stratum sequence determined in the step (1), respectively taking the total thickness of the permafrost around the area to be repaired and the bottom interface layer position and the top interface layer position of the whole permafrost as the bottom interface layer position, the top interface layer position and the thickness of the permafrost in the area to be repaired.
Optionally, in the step (3), the coarse sandstone crushed particle layer corresponds to a high-pore cemented sandstone layer, and the fine clastic layer corresponds to a low-pore cemented shale layer, wherein the pseudofrozen soil material comprises a coarse sandstone crushed particle layer and a fine clastic layer;
the coarse sandstone crushed layer comprises a first mudstone, a first sandstone, salts and a first backfill plant, and the fine clastic layer comprises a second mudstone, a second sandstone, silty soil and a second backfill plant.
Further optionally, on the basis of 100 parts by mass of the first sandstone, 25-35 parts of the first mudstone, 0.05-0.1 part of salts and 5-10 parts of the first backfill plant are used; the particle diameter of the first mudstone is 10-15cm, and the particle diameter of the first sandstone is 5-10cm;
based on 100 parts by mass of the second mudstone, 70-80 parts of the second sandstone, 10-18 parts of silty soil, 3-8 parts of the second backfill plant, and the particle diameter of the second mudstone is 5-10cm and is less than 5cm.
The first mudstone, the first sandstone, the second mudstone, the second sandstone and the silty soil are all original permafrost soil which is extracted and reserved in an area to be repaired (namely an open pit) during initial mining, the original permafrost soil reserved before the restoration is used, the use of foreign soil is avoided, the frozen soil resource is fully utilized, and the influence on the restoration effect caused by the fact that the quality of the foreign soil is different from that of the original permafrost soil at the periphery is avoided.
Further optionally, the salts include potassium salts, sodium salts, ammonium salts and calcium salts, such as calcium chloride, anhydrous sodium sulfate, potassium chloride, quaternary ammonium salts and the like, most of the salts can be dissolved in water during backfilling and water application, and are uniformly distributed in the coarse-grained sandstone crushed particle layer, when the air temperature is lower than zero, a uniform freezing structure is formed in the frozen soil layer, the water retention and water holding capacity of the coarse-grained sandstone crushed particle layer is improved, the fertility of the frozen soil layer can be increased, and when plants are planted after the frozen soil layer is repaired, the plants can survive more easily.
Further optionally, the first backfilling plant and the second backfilling plant are of the same plant species, including plateau forage grass, moss, and lichen. The plants are added into the coarse-grained sandstone crushed particle layer and the fine-grained clastic layer, so that the plants are uniformly dispersed in the coarse-grained sandstone crushed particle layer or the fine-grained clastic layer, the content of organic matters is increased, the artificially reconstructed frozen soil layer is closer to real perennial frozen soil in composition, fibers such as stems, roots and the like of the plants can increase the binding force inside the coarse-grained sandstone crushed particle layer or the fine-grained clastic layer after water is applied, and when the air temperature is lower than zero-degree slag soil layer and is frozen, the slag soil layer can more easily maintain the whole soil layer structure, and the phenomenon of frost cracking and loosening is reduced.
Optionally, in the step (4), according to the rock stratum sequence of the peripheral permafrost at the same level and corresponding to the bottom of the area to be repaired, the coarse-grained sandstone crushed particle layer or the fine-grained clastic layer which is the same as the peripheral permafrost at the same level is backfilled, the coarse-grained sandstone crushed particle layer and the fine-grained clastic layer are alternately laid, each layer is repeatedly compacted, manual water application or atmospheric snow falling is performed, and backfilling is completed until the backfilling thickness of the area to be repaired reaches the top interface layer of the peripheral permafrost.
Uniformly mixing all components of the coarse sandstone crushed particle layer, and then backfilling the coarse sandstone crushed particle layer into the mining pit by using a manual dump truck, wherein the first backfilled plant is not required to be chopped in advance and is kept in a natural form; and after being uniformly mixed, all components of the respective components of the fine particle fragment layer are filled back into the mining pit through a manual dump truck, and the second backfilled plant is not required to be cut in advance and can be kept in a natural shape.
Further optionally, the thickness of the coarse sandstone crushed layer is not more than 5 m, and the thickness of the fine clastic layer is not less than 1 m; after each layer is watered, no obvious water accumulation exists on the surface, if an obvious frozen ice layer is generated due to the water accumulation, an engineering measure is adopted to remove the ice layer, and then the water layer is continuously backfilled layer by layer upwards.
Further optionally, the water quality has a pH value of 7.0-7.5, the water application volume of each coarse sandstone crushed particle layer does not exceed 5% of the total volume of the corresponding coarse sandstone crushed particle layer, the water application volume of each fine clastic layer does not exceed 5% of the total volume of the corresponding fine clastic layer, and the compaction coefficient of each layer is 0.80-0.85.
The permafrost in the plateau alpine region is evolved through a natural process for many years and undergoes long-term low-temperature freezing, the permafrost restoration of the open pit is formed by layered backfilling in a short period, and the natural evolution process experienced by each layer of structure is very short, so that the permafrost layer which is artificially restored and the original permafrost layer which is naturally formed have certain difference in soil quality, and in order to reduce the difference as much as possible, the invention improves the backfilling process in the step (4).
Further optionally, after each muck layer is backfilled, freezing at night when the temperature is lower than zero, unfreezing at daytime when the temperature is slightly higher, and uniformly acting on the uppermost muck layer by using hot air and an artificial light source in daytime; the artificial light source is a xenon lamp, the temperature of hot air is 5-10 ℃ higher than the highest temperature of the local daytime, water is uniformly applied in several times in the daytime to fully moisten the slag soil layer, the uppermost slag soil layer, namely the slag soil layer treated currently, is fully thawed, experiences a simulated wind blowing environment and fully absorbs water in the daytime, is fully frozen at night, experiences an artificial simulated plateau environment with severe change in a short time, and the character of the artificial frozen soil layer repaired by the method is closer to that of a real perennial frozen soil layer.
Because the thickness of the coarse sandstone crushed particle layer is generally larger than that of the fine particle fragment layer, the treatment method of the muck layer has the advantages that the coarse sandstone crushed particle layer is larger than the fine particle fragment layer in terms of time, the treatment time is in direct proportion to the thickness of the muck layer, and the treatment method can be flexibly set according to local specific meteorological conditions and permafrost conditions.
The ecological restoration method for the perennial frozen soil in the plateau alpine region has the following beneficial effects:
the method comprises the steps of surveying the original rock stratum structure of the excavated and damaged perennial frozen soil layer and the vertical depth boundary line of the perennial frozen soil by means of geological measurement, drilling, temperature measurement and the like to obtain lithological characteristics and rock stratum sequences of the perennial frozen soil in a region to be repaired, establishing a perennial frozen soil geological profile model, designing repair materials of different layers of the perennial frozen soil of the open pit according to the interactive structure of a high-hole permeable sand rock stratum and a low-hole permeable mud rock stratum of the original perennial frozen soil, and realizing a backfill frozen soil layer with similar material composition and function to the original perennial frozen soil through construction measures of layered backfilling, compaction and water injection. The method does not use extra soil, uses local materials, selects the slag soil widely distributed in the local area, prepares the mudstone, the sandstone and the silt with different particle sizes, fully considers the material composition foundation, the frozen soil layer interface layer position, the top and bottom interface layer position and the thickness, and is assisted with water injection and sprinkling, realizes the maximum lapping and fusion of the damaged original permafrost, and can greatly accelerate the recovery rate of the permafrost and the recovery of the waterproof function. Meanwhile, through the layered backfilling, repeated compaction treatment and freezing action after frozen soil layer restoration, the treatment effect of the open pit backfilling engineering can be multiple consolidated, a good and stable foundation is laid for the later soil covering and greening engineering, and powerful guarantee is provided for the recovery and the stability of an ecological system in a plateau high-cold special natural environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the ecological restoration method for perennial frozen soil in high and cold plateau areas;
FIG. 2 is an overall schematic view of an open pit for restoring frozen earth;
fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a point a in fig. 2.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The ecological restoration method for perennial frozen soil in alpine regions of plateau, as shown in fig. 1-3, includes the following steps:
(1) Carrying out basic geological data collection on original permafrost or peripheral permafrost in an area to be repaired (an open pit of a certain coal mine in Tibet), wherein the basic geological data collection comprises a top and bottom interface layer position of the permafrost on the periphery of the area to be repaired, distribution of the permafrost, an original stratum sandstone and mudstone structure and layer position and compaction coefficient of a stripping area of the open pit, a groundwater type, a groundwater level, a water-resisting layer-containing structure and layer position;
performing frozen soil characteristic survey on the area to be repaired by adopting technical means of drilling, geological measurement and approximate steady-state temperature measurement, and determining the lithology characteristics and the rock stratum sequence of the perennial frozen soil of the area to be repaired;
the rock stratum sequence is a structure with alternately arranged high-hole sand-permeable rock stratum and low-hole mud-permeable rock stratum, the high-hole sand-permeable rock stratum is a water-permeable stratum, the low-hole mud-permeable rock stratum is a water-resisting stratum, and the lithological characteristics comprise the interface elevation, the rock stratum composition and the compaction coefficient of each water-permeable stratum and the water-resisting stratum;
(2) According to the rock stratum sequence determined in the step (1), taking the total thickness of permafrost around the area to be repaired and the bottom interface layer position and the top interface layer position of the whole permafrost as the bottom interface layer position, the top interface layer position and the thickness of the permafrost of the area to be repaired respectively;
(3) According to the lithology characteristics and the rock stratum sequence determined in the step (1), determining the composition of the frozen-simulated soil material to be repaired in a layering mode; the coarse sandstone crushed particle layer corresponds to a high-porosity permeable sandstone layer, the fine particle fragment layer corresponds to a low-porosity permeable muddy rock layer, and the imitation frozen soil material comprises a coarse sandstone crushed particle layer and a fine particle fragment layer;
specifically, the coarse sandstone crushed particle layer comprises a first mudstone, a first sandstone, salts and a first backfilling plant, wherein based on 100 parts by mass of the first sandstone, the first mudstone is 25 parts, the salts are 0.05 part, and the first backfilling plant is 5 parts; the particle diameter of the first mudstone is 10-15cm, and the particle diameter of the first sandstone is 5-10cm;
the fine particle clastic layer comprises a second mudstone, a second sandstone, silt and a second backfilling plant, wherein on the basis of 100 parts by mass of the second mudstone, the second sandstone is 70 parts, the silt is 10 parts, the second backfilling plant is 3 parts, the particle diameter of the second mudstone is 5-10cm, and the particle diameter of the second sandstone is less than 5cm;
the first mudstone, the first sandstone, the second mudstone, the second sandstone and the silty soil are all original permafrost soil extracted and reserved in the open pit during initial mining, and no foreign soil is used;
the salts comprise calcium chloride, anhydrous sodium sulfate, potassium chloride and quaternary ammonium salt-73 with equal mass, the plant species of the first backfilled plant and the second backfilled plant are the same, and the first backfilled plant and the second backfilled plant comprise plateau forage grass, moss and lichen with equal volume;
(4) According to the rock stratum sequence determined in the step (1), a mechanical backfilling method is adopted in 10 months, the imitation frozen soil materials of different layers prepared in the step (3) are backfilled to the area to be repaired layer by layer, compaction and water injection are carried out after each layer is backfilled, and then the imitation frozen soil materials are naturally recovered into permafrost soil, and the concrete steps are as follows:
and backfilling a coarse sandstone crushed particle layer or a fine particle clastic layer which is the same as the peripheral permafrost at the same horizontal height according to the corresponding rock stratum sequence of the peripheral permafrost at the same horizontal height in the area to be repaired, alternately laying the coarse sandstone crushed particle layer and the fine particle clastic layer, repeatedly compacting each layer, and manually applying water until the backfilling thickness of the area to be repaired reaches the top interface layer of the peripheral permafrost, thus completing backfilling.
All components of the coarse sandstone crushed particle layer are uniformly mixed and then are filled back into the mining pit through a manual tipping wagon, and the first backfilled plant is not required to be cut in advance and can be kept in a natural state; and after being uniformly mixed, all components of the respective components of the fine particle fragment layer are filled back into the mining pit through a manual dump truck, and the second backfilled plant is not required to be cut in advance and can be kept in a natural shape.
The thickness of the coarse sandstone crushed layer is not more than 5 m, and the thickness of the fine sandstone crushed layer is not less than 1 m; after each layer is watered, no obvious water accumulation is left on the surface, if an obvious frozen ice layer is generated due to the water accumulation, the ice layer is removed by adopting an engineering measure, and then the water is continuously backfilled layer by layer upwards; the pH value of the water quality of the applied water is 7.0-7.5, the volume of the applied water of each layer does not exceed 5 percent of the total volume of the layer, and the compaction coefficient of each layer is 0.85.
Comparative example 1
The ecological restoration method for the perennial frozen soil in the plateau alpine region is different from the ecological restoration method in the embodiment 1 only in that the steps (1), (2) and (3) are not included, the step (4) is implemented by integrally backfilling the alien soil to the open pit without layering, until the alien soil is flush with the top layer of the peripheral perennial frozen soil, and compacting and water injection are carried out after the integral backfilling is finished, wherein the alien soil is common sandy soil.
Example 2
The ecological restoration method for perennial frozen soil in alpine regions of plateau described in this embodiment is different from that in embodiment 1 only in that in step (3), no salt is added into the coarse-grained sandstone crushed particle layer.
Example 3
The ecological restoration method for perennial frozen soil in alpine regions of plateau described in this embodiment is different from that in embodiment 1 only in that in step (3), no first backfill plant is added in the coarse-grained sandstone crushed layer, and no second backfill plant is added in the fine-grained crushed layer.
Example 4
The ecological restoration method for perennial frozen soil in alpine regions of plateau described in this embodiment is different from that in embodiment 1 only in that in step (3), only the first sandstone is present in the coarse-grained sandstone crushed particle layer, and the first mudstone, salts and first backfill plants are not included.
Example 5
The ecological restoration method for perennial frozen soil in alpine regions of plateau described in this embodiment is different from that in embodiment 1 only in that in step (3), only the second mudstone is in the fine particle clastic layer, and the second sandstone and the second backfilling plant are not included.
Example 6
The ecological restoration method for perennial frozen soil in alpine regions of plateau in the embodiment is only different from the embodiment 1 in that in the step (4), after each slag soil layer is backfilled, the slag soil layer is frozen at night with the air temperature lower than zero and then thawed in daytime with the air temperature slightly higher, and hot air and an artificial light source are uniformly acted on the uppermost slag soil layer in daytime; the artificial light source is a xenon lamp, the temperature of hot air is 10 ℃ higher than the highest temperature in the local daytime, water is uniformly applied for 5 times in the daytime to fully wet the muck layer, the uppermost muck layer is favorably fully thawed in the daytime, experiences a simulated wind blowing environment and fully absorbs water, and is fully frozen at night; in the method for treating the muck layer, the crushed particle layer of the coarse-grained sandstone is larger than the crushed particle layer of the fine-grained sandstone in terms of time, and the treatment time is in direct proportion to the thickness of the muck layer.
Example 7
The ecological restoration method for perennial frozen soil in alpine regions of plateau described in this embodiment is different from embodiment 1 only in that, in the coarse sandstone crushed particle layer, based on 100 parts by mass of the first sandstone, 35 parts of the first mudstone, 0.1 part of salts, and 10 parts of the first backfill plant are used; in the fine particle clastic layer, based on 100 parts by mass of second mudstone, 80 parts of second sandstone, 18 parts of silt and 8 parts of second backfill plants are used.
TABLE 1 comparison of frozen soil restoration effects of examples and comparative examples
The frozen soil recovery standard is that ice flowers appear when the frozen soil is excavated, the excavation marks are white marks, the frozen soil of the excavated section is offwhite and dark brown argillaceous soil, melted water flows out within 20min after the section is formed, and the soil is hard and can not be excavated continuously after 3 m underground, namely, the soil is determined to be a permanent frozen soil layer.
The above table shows that the ecological restoration method for the permafrost in the alpine region of the plateau provided by the invention can quickly restore the performance of the permafrost layer of the open pit, so that the restored permafrost layer can be restored in a short time. The frozen soil of comparative example 1 was recovered for too long and was not examined after 36 months.
Claims (8)
1. An ecological restoration method for perennial frozen soil in plateau alpine regions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Carrying out basic geological data collection on original permafrost or peripheral permafrost in an area to be repaired, carrying out frozen soil characteristic survey, and determining lithology characteristics and a rock stratum sequence of the permafrost in the area to be repaired;
(2) Determining the bottom interface layer position, the top interface layer position and the thickness of a permafrost layer of the area to be repaired according to the rock stratum sequence determined in the step (1);
(3) According to the lithology characteristics and the rock stratum sequence determined in the step (1), determining the composition of the frozen soil imitation material to be repaired in a layering manner;
(4) According to the rock stratum sequence determined in the step (1), adopting a mechanical backfilling method to backfill the imitation frozen soil materials of different layers prepared in the step (3) to the area to be repaired layer by layer, compacting and injecting water after each layer is backfilled, and then naturally recovering to permafrost;
the rock stratum sequence determined in the step (1) is a structure with alternately arranged high-hole sandstone layers and low-hole mudstone layers, the high-hole sandstone layers are permeable layers, and the low-hole mudstone layers are water-resisting layers; in the step (3), the coarse sandstone crushed particle layer corresponds to a high-pore cemented sand stratum, the fine clastic layer corresponds to a low-pore cemented mud stratum, and the imitation frozen soil material comprises a coarse sandstone crushed particle layer and a fine clastic layer;
the coarse sandstone crushed layer comprises a first mudstone, a first sandstone, salts and a first backfill plant, and the fine clastic layer comprises a second mudstone, a second sandstone, silty soil and a second backfill plant;
in the coarse sandstone crushed particle layer, on the basis of 100 parts by mass of first sandstone, 25-35 parts of first mudstone, 0.05-0.1 part of salts and 5-10 parts of first backfill plants are used;
in the fine particle clastic layer, based on 100 parts by mass of second mudstone, 70-80 parts of second sandstone, 10-18 parts of silt and 3-8 parts of second backfill plants are used;
the salts comprise potassium salt, sodium salt, ammonium salt and calcium salt; the first backfilled plant and the second backfilled plant have the same plant species and comprise plateau forage grass, moss and lichen.
2. The ecological restoration method for perennial frozen soil in plateau alpine regions as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the basic geological data include top and bottom boundary depths of perennial frozen soil around the region to be restored, distribution of frozen soil, original formation sandstone and mudstone structure and horizon position and compaction coefficient of open pit stripping area, groundwater type, groundwater level, water-resisting stratum-containing structure and horizon position;
the frozen soil characteristic survey comprises drilling, temperature monitoring and geological measurement of an area to be repaired; and (2) obtaining the characteristic information of the permafrost in the area to be repaired through the step (1), determining the lithological characteristics and the rock stratum sequence of the permafrost in the area to be repaired, and providing a geological basis for the structural design of the permafrost in the open pit.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the lithologic characteristics determined in step (1) include interfacial elevation, rock formation composition and compaction factor of each permeable and water-proof layer.
4. The ecological restoration method for the perennial frozen soil in the alpine plateau areas as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step (2) is specifically: and (3) according to the rock stratum sequence determined in the step (1), respectively taking the total thickness of the permafrost around the area to be repaired and the bottom interface layer position and the top interface layer position of the whole permafrost as the bottom interface layer position, the top interface layer position and the thickness of the permafrost in the area to be repaired.
5. The ecological restoration method for permafrost in alpine plateau areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle diameter of the first mudstone is 10-15cm, and the particle diameter of the first sandstone is 5-10cm;
the particle diameter of the second mudstone is 5-10cm, and the particle diameter of the second sandstone is less than 5cm.
6. The ecological restoration method for perennial frozen soil in alpine regions in plateau areas as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step (4), according to the corresponding rock stratum sequence of the peripheral perennial frozen soil at the same level and height in the area to be restored, the coarse sandstone crushed particle layer or the fine clastic layer which is the same as the peripheral perennial frozen soil at the same level and height is backfilled, the coarse sandstone crushed particle layer and the fine clastic layer are alternately laid, each layer is repeatedly compacted and is manually watered or snowed in the atmosphere, and the backfilling is completed until the backfilling thickness of the area to be restored reaches the top interface layer of the peripheral perennial frozen soil.
7. The ecological restoration method for permafrost in alpine regions in plateau as claimed in claim 6, wherein the water quality of the applied water is pH 7.0-7.5, and the compaction coefficient of each layer is 0.80-0.85.
8. The ecological restoration method for perennial frozen soil in alpine regions in plateau as claimed in claim 6, wherein after each slag soil layer is backfilled, the slag soil layer is frozen at night when the air temperature is lower than zero, and then thawed at daytime when the air temperature is slightly higher, and hot air and an artificial light source are uniformly applied to the uppermost slag soil layer in daytime; the artificial light source is a xenon lamp, the temperature of the hot air is 5-10 ℃ higher than the highest temperature in the local daytime, and water is uniformly applied in several times in the daytime.
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