CN112983423A - Method for protecting coal resources in alpine regions in plateau - Google Patents
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/32—Reclamation of surface-mined areas
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for protecting coal resources in alpine regions in plateau, which comprises the steps of firstly, preprocessing a bare coal seam after outdoor coal mining work in the alpine regions in plateau is stopped; secondly, measuring and stripping the residual coal seam to be protected to form a groove-shaped ditch; thirdly, cleaning the groove-shaped ditch and uniformly sprinkling water; fourthly, backfilling the groove-shaped ditch to form a soil filling layer; fifthly, constructing an artificial frozen soil layer on the upper part of the filling soil layer; sixthly, the landform is rectified and covered with soil to recover green. The method disclosed by the invention is simple in steps and reasonable in design, realizes the protection of coal resources in the plateau alpine region, reduces the pollution to the surrounding ecology of the mining area, can be effectively applied to the ecological restoration treatment of the open pit coal mine in the plateau alpine region, is remarkable in effect and is convenient to popularize.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal resource protection, and particularly relates to a method for protecting coal resources in a plateau alpine region.
Background
With the emphasis on ecological civilization construction, the concept that the Qingshan is the Yinshan is deeply paid attention to, the ecological functions of plateau alpine and high-altitude areas are increasingly emphasized, the original coal resources in the areas are continuously mined out, the phenomenon that the coal resources mined in the open pit are left to expose the ground surface after the coal resources are mined out is serious, the evaporation capacity of the plateau areas is large, the hidden danger of wind oxidation and spontaneous combustion of the coal is serious, and the coal resources are weathered if the coal resources are not disposed in time, so that not only is the waste of the precious resources caused, but also the environmental pollution is caused.
In the prior art, the treatment method for preventing coal bodies of open pit coal mines from being oxidized by wind and spontaneously combusted comprises the following steps: (1) water elimination method, (2) forced extraction method, (3) covering method, (4) fire extinguishing method by inhibitor, and (5) fire prevention and extinguishing method by Prite.
(1) The water digestion method comprises three methods:
the first method is a method combining water irrigation and sealing and filling of a bulldozer to form a mud or clay oxygen-isolating covering layer, which plays a role in fire prevention and extinguishment and is suitable for old empty roadway areas and large-range fire areas;
secondly, a high-pressure water splitting head is used for pouring water above a fire area of the coal face, so that the cooling, oxygen isolation and fire extinguishing effects are achieved, and the device is suitable for a small-range shallow fire area;
and thirdly, criss-cross water channels are formed on the surface of the coal bed, water gradually permeates downwards through crack flooding, the purpose of fire extinguishment is achieved, and the fire extinguishing agent is suitable for deeply burning coal bodies.
(2) Forced extraction method
The forced extraction method is the most direct and quite effective method, and after the combustion range of the coal seam is determined, the burning coal seam is forcibly excavated by adopting an excavator and the like, so that the burning coal seam is naturally cooled in the atmospheric environment and is discharged to a soil discharge area, and the forced extraction method is suitable for a small-range exposed coal seam area.
(3) Covering method
The coal-oxygen isolation is realized by covering yellow mud, clay or soil rock on a coal bed, so that the aims of preventing wind, oxidation, fire and fire are fulfilled.
(4) Fire extinguishing method using retardant
The chemical-resistant slurry is prepared from fly ash, loess, a coagulant and a chemical-resistant agent, and is sprayed on the surface of a coal bed by large-scale slurry spraying equipment to seal and resist the coal bed, so that air is isolated, the coal bed is prevented from being oxidized, and the chemical-resistant slurry is suitable for coal steps exposed in strip mines for a long time.
(5) Prite fire-extinguishing method
The device integrates the advantages of fire prevention and extinguishment technologies such as nitrogen, gel, three-phase foam, a retardant and the like, mainly utilizes nitrogen to foam water, then takes the foam as a carrier to convey the nitrogen and the water to a goaf or a fire area, blocks an oxygen supply channel to continuously inert and cool a coal body, and is suitable for all fire prevention and extinguishment areas such as a coal mine goaf and a high-risk area.
The existing method for preventing wind oxidation and spontaneous combustion of the exposed coal seam has the disadvantages of high cost, complex operation and low construction efficiency, and most of the existing method is added with chemical raw materials such as gel, stopping agent and the like, is mainly applied to a goaf of an open pit coal mine or a well coal mine in a low-altitude area, is not environment-friendly and high in cost, and cannot be applied to coal resource protection in a plateau and high-cold area with fragile ecology and insufficient water conservation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for protecting the coal resources in the plateau alpine region, which has the advantages of simple steps and reasonable design, realizes the protection of the coal resources in the plateau alpine region, reduces the pollution to the surrounding ecology of a mining area, can be effectively applied to the ecological recovery treatment of the open pit coal mine in the plateau alpine region, has obvious effect and is convenient to popularize.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for protecting coal resources in alpine regions in plateaus comprises the following steps:
step one, pretreating a bare coal seam after the open-air coal mining work in a plateau alpine region is stopped;
step two, measuring and stripping the residual coal seam to be protected to form a groove-shaped ditch;
step three, cleaning the groove-shaped ditch and uniformly sprinkling water;
backfilling the groove-shaped ditch to form a filling layer;
constructing an artificial frozen soil layer on the upper part of the filling soil layer;
and sixthly, landform improvement and soil covering and greening.
In the method for protecting coal resources in plateau alpine regions, the specific process of pretreating the exposed coal seam after the outdoor coal mining work in the plateau alpine regions is stopped in the first step comprises the following steps: and stripping the coal layer exposed out of the ground surface, and respectively stacking, transporting and storing the weathered coal on the surface and the un-weathered coal inside.
In the method for protecting coal resources in alpine regions in plateau, the step two includes the specific processes of measuring and stripping the remaining coal seam to be protected and forming a groove-shaped ditch, wherein the specific processes include: measuring the width of the rest coal seam to be protected and the boundary line between the coal seam to be protected and the surrounding rock of the top floor by adopting a geological measurement method; and then, stripping and digging along the trend of the coal seam to be protected, wherein the stripping and digging depth is 0.5-0.8 m, a groove-shaped ditch is formed, and top and bottom plate surrounding rocks are arranged on two sides of the groove-shaped ditch.
In the method for protecting coal resources in alpine regions in plateau, the specific process of cleaning the groove-shaped trench and sprinkling water in the third step comprises the following steps: the pumice and the broken stone with the grain diameter larger than 2cm in the groove-shaped groove are cleaned, so that the groove is flat and uniform; and then, uniformly sprinkling water along the bottom of the groove to wet the surface of the coal bed in the groove-shaped groove, wherein the humidity of the coal bed is more than 15%.
In the method for protecting coal resources in alpine regions in plateau, the trench type ditch is backfilled in the fourth step, and the concrete step of forming the soil filling layer comprises the following steps:
step 401, screening peripheral muck, mudstone and red clay on site by adopting a screen with a mesh of 1 cm;
step 402, backfilling the screened red clay and fine residue soil in the groove-shaped ditch, and compacting to ensure that the thickness range of the compacted filled soil is 30-40 cm and the compaction degree is more than 0.87, so as to form a first filled soil layer;
step 403, measuring the thickness and detecting the compactness of the first filling layer;
step 404, uniformly sprinkling water on the first filling layer to ensure that the soil humidity is more than 20%;
step 405, continuously backfilling the screened fine residue soil on the first filling layer, and compacting to ensure that the compacted filling thickness is 20-30 cm and the compaction degree is more than 0.87, so as to form a second filling layer;
step 406, measuring the thickness and detecting the compactness of the second filling layer;
step 407, irrigating 3-5 cm of water on the second fill layer in the groove-shaped ditch, and fully permeating;
and step 408, repeating the step 407, and detecting the thickness of the frozen layer until the thickness of the frozen layer is detected to be more than 50 cm.
In the method for protecting coal resources in alpine regions in plateau, the thickness measurement and the compaction degree detection in the steps 403 and 406 and the thickness detection of the frozen layer in the step 408 are realized by drilling a sampling drill to take a soil sample.
In the method for protecting the coal resources in the alpine region in the plateau, the concrete process of constructing the artificial frozen soil layer on the upper part of the fill soil layer in the fifth step comprises the following steps: backfilling partial five layers of residue soil on the filling layer, compacting in layers, and watering and freezing, wherein the thickness of each layer is 1m, and the compaction degree is more than 0.85; then, detecting the thickness and the compactness of the five-layer whole body by adopting a sampling drill, so that the thickness of the whole body is 5m, and the compactness is more than 0.85; and forming an artificial frozen soil layer after the detection is qualified.
In the method for protecting coal resources in alpine regions in plateau, the concrete processes of terrain improvement and soil covering and greening in the sixth step comprise: the method comprises the following steps of (1) performing landform improvement on the artificial frozen soil layer, and forming an isosceles trapezoid with the height of 5m, the upper bottom of 10m + A, the lower bottom of 40m + A, A of the width of the coal layer to be protected and the slope rate of 1:3 on two sides on the upper part of the coal layer to be protected along the width direction of the coal layer to be protected; then, earth covering and greening work is carried out, and the artificial frozen soil layer is coordinated with the surrounding landform landscape.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method has simple steps, reasonable design and convenient realization.
2. According to the invention, the exposed coal layer is pretreated, and the surface weathered coal and the internal un-weathered coal are respectively stacked, transported and stored, so that the comprehensive utilization and long-term storage of coal resources are facilitated.
3. According to the invention, the filling layer and the artificial frozen soil layer are designed on the upper part of the coal seam to be protected so as to simulate the ecological method of the frozen soil layer, thereby realizing the protection of coal resources in plateau alpine regions, reducing the pollution to the surrounding ecology of mining areas, being capable of being effectively applied to the ecological recovery treatment of open-pit coal mines in plateau alpine regions, having remarkable effect and being convenient for popularization.
In conclusion, the method disclosed by the invention is simple in steps and reasonable in design, realizes the protection of coal resources in the plateau alpine region, reduces the pollution to the ecology around the mining area, can be effectively applied to the ecological recovery treatment of the open pit coal mine in the plateau alpine region, is remarkable in effect and is convenient to popularize.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the method of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-coal seam to be protected; 2, filling a soil layer; 3, artificial frozen soil layer.
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 1, the method for protecting coal resources in alpine regions in plateau areas comprises the following steps:
step one, pretreating a bare coal seam after the open-air coal mining work in a plateau alpine region is stopped;
step two, measuring and stripping the residual coal seam to be protected to form a groove-shaped ditch;
step three, cleaning the groove-shaped ditch and uniformly sprinkling water;
backfilling the groove-shaped ditch to form a filling layer;
constructing an artificial frozen soil layer on the upper part of the filling soil layer;
and sixthly, landform improvement and soil covering and greening.
In this embodiment, the specific process of pretreating the exposed coal seam after stopping the open-air coal mining work in the alpine region in the step one includes: and stripping the coal layer exposed out of the ground surface, and respectively stacking, transporting and storing the weathered coal on the surface and the un-weathered coal inside.
In specific implementation, due to ecological environment improvement, open-air coal mining work in alpine regions in plateau of China is stopped, but part of coal seams in original mining pits are already stripped on the earth surface and are not mined, the coal seams are exposed for many years, the surface layers are weathered, the coal seams exposed on the earth surface are stripped for facilitating coal comprehensive utilization and resource long-term storage, and surface weathered coal and internal unvulcanized coal are respectively stacked, transported and stored for protecting the residual coal seams on the lower part.
In this embodiment, in the second step, the measuring and excavating of the remaining coal seam to be protected, and the specific process of forming the trench includes: measuring the width of the rest coal seam to be protected and the boundary line between the coal seam to be protected and the surrounding rock of the top floor by adopting a geological measurement method; and then, stripping and digging along the trend of the coal seam to be protected, wherein the stripping and digging depth is 0.5-0.8 m, a groove-shaped ditch is formed, and top and bottom plate surrounding rocks are arranged on two sides of the groove-shaped ditch.
In this embodiment, the specific process of cleaning the groove-shaped trench and sprinkling water in step three includes: the pumice and the broken stone with the grain diameter larger than 2cm in the groove-shaped groove are cleaned, so that the groove is flat and uniform; and then, uniformly sprinkling water along the bottom of the groove to wet the surface of the coal bed in the groove-shaped groove, wherein the humidity of the coal bed is more than 15%.
In this embodiment, the step four of backfilling the trench to form a soil filling layer includes the specific steps of:
step 401, screening peripheral muck, mudstone and red clay on site by adopting a screen with a mesh of 1 cm;
step 402, backfilling the screened red clay and fine residue soil in the groove-shaped ditch, and compacting to ensure that the thickness range of the compacted filled soil is 30-40 cm and the compaction degree is more than 0.87, so as to form a first filled soil layer;
step 403, measuring the thickness and detecting the compactness of the first filling layer;
step 404, uniformly sprinkling water on the first filling layer to ensure that the soil humidity is more than 20%;
step 405, continuously backfilling the screened fine residue soil on the first filling layer, and compacting to ensure that the compacted filling thickness is 20-30 cm and the compaction degree is more than 0.87, so as to form a second filling layer;
step 406, measuring the thickness and detecting the compactness of the second filling layer;
step 407, irrigating 3-5 cm of water on the second fill layer in the groove-shaped ditch, and fully permeating;
and step 408, repeating the step 407, and detecting the thickness of the frozen layer until the thickness of the frozen layer is detected to be more than 50 cm.
In the specific implementation, the average temperature at night can reach-15 ℃ and can reach-34 ℃ at least in the plateau alpine region from 11 months to 3 months in the next year, so that water is poured in the daytime and can be frozen and compacted at night.
In this embodiment, the thickness measurement and the compaction degree detection in steps 403 and 406, and the thickness detection of the frozen layer in step 408 are both implemented by drilling a soil sample with a sampling drill.
In this embodiment, the concrete process of constructing the artificial frozen soil layer on the upper part of the fill layer in the fifth step includes: backfilling partial five layers of residue soil on the filling layer, compacting in layers, and watering and freezing, wherein the thickness of each layer is 1m, and the compaction degree is more than 0.85; then, detecting the thickness and the compactness of the five-layer whole body by adopting a sampling drill, so that the thickness of the whole body is 5m, and the compactness is more than 0.85; after the detection is qualified, an artificial frozen soil layer is formed, so that the coal bed is prevented from being oxidized, and the coal resources are effectively protected.
In this embodiment, the specific process of the terrain improvement and the covering soil greening in the sixth step includes: the method comprises the following steps of (1) performing landform improvement on the artificial frozen soil layer, and forming an isosceles trapezoid with the height of 5m, the upper bottom of 10m + A, the lower bottom of 40m + A, A of the width of the coal layer to be protected and the slope rate of 1:3 on two sides on the upper part of the coal layer to be protected along the width direction of the coal layer to be protected; then, earth covering and greening work is carried out, and the artificial frozen soil layer is coordinated with the surrounding landform landscape.
As shown in fig. 2, which is an effect diagram after the method of the present invention is implemented, the upper portion of the coal seam 1 to be protected is a filling soil layer 2, the upper portion of the filling soil layer 2 is an artificial tundra layer 3, the width of the filling soil layer 2 is the same as the width a of the coal seam 1 to be protected, the width of the lower bottom of the artificial tundra layer 3 is 40m + a, that is, 20m extends from each side of the upper portion of the filling soil layer 2, the thickness of the artificial tundra layer 3 is 5m, the width of the upper bottom of the artificial tundra layer 3 is 10m + a, and the slope ratio of each side is 1:3, so as to form an isosceles trapezoid.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for protecting coal resources in alpine regions in plateaus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, pretreating a bare coal seam after the open-air coal mining work in a plateau alpine region is stopped;
step two, measuring and stripping the residual coal seam to be protected to form a groove-shaped ditch;
step three, cleaning the groove-shaped ditch and uniformly sprinkling water;
backfilling the groove-shaped ditch to form a filling layer;
constructing an artificial frozen soil layer on the upper part of the filling soil layer;
and sixthly, landform improvement and soil covering and greening.
2. The method for protecting coal resources in plateau alpine regions according to claim 1, wherein the specific process for pretreating the exposed coal seam after the outdoor coal mining work in plateau alpine regions is stopped in the first step comprises the following steps: and stripping the coal layer exposed out of the ground surface, and respectively stacking, transporting and storing the weathered coal on the surface and the un-weathered coal inside.
3. The method for protecting coal resources in alpine regions in plateau areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific process of measuring and excavating the remaining coal seam to be protected to form the trench in the step two includes: measuring the width of the rest coal seam to be protected and the boundary line between the coal seam to be protected and the surrounding rock of the top floor by adopting a geological measurement method; and then, stripping and digging along the trend of the coal seam to be protected, wherein the stripping and digging depth is 0.5-0.8 m, a groove-shaped ditch is formed, and top and bottom plate surrounding rocks are arranged on two sides of the groove-shaped ditch.
4. The method for protecting coal resources in alpine regions in plateau areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific process of cleaning the groove-shaped trench and sprinkling water in step three includes: the pumice and the broken stone with the grain diameter larger than 2cm in the groove-shaped groove are cleaned, so that the groove is flat and uniform; and then, uniformly sprinkling water along the bottom of the groove to wet the surface of the coal bed in the groove-shaped groove, wherein the humidity of the coal bed is more than 15%.
5. The method for protecting coal resources in alpine regions in plateau areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concrete steps of backfilling the groove-shaped trench to form a soil filling layer in the fourth step include:
step 401, screening peripheral muck, mudstone and red clay on site by adopting a screen with a mesh of 1 cm;
step 402, backfilling the screened red clay and fine residue soil in the groove-shaped ditch, and compacting to ensure that the thickness range of the compacted filled soil is 30-40 cm and the compaction degree is more than 0.87, so as to form a first filled soil layer;
step 403, measuring the thickness and detecting the compactness of the first filling layer;
step 404, uniformly sprinkling water on the first filling layer to ensure that the soil humidity is more than 20%;
step 405, continuously backfilling the screened fine residue soil on the first filling layer, and compacting to ensure that the compacted filling thickness is 20-30 cm and the compaction degree is more than 0.87, so as to form a second filling layer;
step 406, measuring the thickness and detecting the compactness of the second filling layer;
step 407, irrigating 3-5 cm of water on the second fill layer in the groove-shaped ditch, and fully permeating;
and step 408, repeating the step 407, and detecting the thickness of the frozen layer until the thickness of the frozen layer is detected to be more than 50 cm.
6. The method for protecting coal resources in alpine regions in plateau areas as claimed in claim 5, wherein the thickness measurement and compaction degree detection in steps 403 and 406, and the thickness detection of frozen layer in step 408 are all performed by drilling a soil sample by using a sampling drill.
7. The method for protecting coal resources in alpine regions in plateau areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concrete process of constructing the artificial frozen soil layer on the upper part of the filling soil layer in the fifth step includes: backfilling partial five layers of residue soil on the filling layer, compacting in layers, and watering and freezing, wherein the thickness of each layer is 1m, and the compaction degree is more than 0.85; then, detecting the thickness and the compactness of the five-layer whole body by adopting a sampling drill, so that the thickness of the whole body is 5m, and the compactness is more than 0.85; and forming an artificial frozen soil layer after the detection is qualified.
8. The method for protecting coal resources in alpine regions in plateaus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concrete process of the landform remediation and soil covering and green recovering in the sixth step comprises: the method comprises the following steps of (1) performing landform improvement on the artificial frozen soil layer, and forming an isosceles trapezoid with the height of 5m, the upper bottom of 10m + A, the lower bottom of 40m + A, A of the width of the coal layer to be protected and the slope rate of 1:3 on two sides on the upper part of the coal layer to be protected along the width direction of the coal layer to be protected; then, earth covering and greening work is carried out, and the artificial frozen soil layer is coordinated with the surrounding landform landscape.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114223344A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-03-25 | 中国煤炭地质总局勘查研究总院 | Frozen soil layer repairing method for alpine mining area in plateau |
| CN115182325A (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2022-10-14 | 中国煤炭地质总局勘查研究总院 | Ecological restoration method for perennial frozen soil in plateau alpine region |
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