CN115177679B - 一种提高有效成分含量和适口性的兽用板青颗粒制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种提高有效成分含量和适口性的兽用板青颗粒制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于中药技术领域,具体涉及一种提高有效成分含量和适口性的兽用板青颗粒制备工艺。本发明板青颗粒的制备工艺中主要对浸提工序进行优化分解,通过煎煮法和渗滤法双重浸提,最大限度的浸出有效成分和辅助成分,避免无效成分和组织成分的浸出,同时通过在煎煮法浸提过程中加入适量缓冲液保持煎煮液pH稳定,减少无效成分的浸出,降低苦涩口感,提高禽类用药的顺应性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药技术领域,具体涉及一种提高有效成分的板青颗粒制备工艺。
背景技术
板青颗粒,为传统式的抗病毒中药。临床医学上普遍的猪流行性感冒、高热症、繁育与呼吸综合征、细小病毒、渗出性败血症、丹毒、链球菌感染、副伤寒、病毒性肠炎、附血细胞体、伪狂犬、猪仔断奶后多***综合症等免疫抑制病均可应用板青颗粒做为方剂药品之一,开展医治和防止。
众所周知,板青颗粒是用板蓝根、大青叶提取物制成的颗粒,板蓝根和大青叶均来源于十字花科植物菘蓝,其根为板蓝根、其叶为大青叶。
从药理上分析,板蓝根和大青叶都有较广谱的抗菌作用,其抗菌作用有效成分为色胺酮和吲哚衍生物,高浓度大青叶有杀菌作用,大青叶有抗病毒作用。现代药理学研究证实,板青颗粒具有广泛的抗病毒、抗细菌、抗肿瘤、抗内毒素、以及增强机体免疫力等作用。
现有技术中板青颗粒的制备过程是将板蓝根和大青叶混合后进行煎煮,滤液浓缩得到的稠膏与辅料混合后进行制粒,多采用传统水醇提取法、湿法制粒等,虽然在一定程度上除去了提取液中蛋白质、淀粉、粘液质、油脂、脂溶性色素、树脂、树胶、部分糖类等杂质,但是依然存在很多缺点,例如有效成分损失多、含量低,直接造成药效弱、见效慢,延误病情、治愈率不高。
中国专利CN103006914采用絮凝澄清技术制备板青颗粒,通过使用ZTC1+1-Ⅱ型澄清剂吸附的方式除去溶液中的粗颗粒,达到精制药剂的目的。通过计算表明,采用该方法制备的药剂的中药有效成分损失率为12%-17%,而采用现有技术中水提醇沉法制备的药剂中的中药有效成分损失率约为37%,降低了中药有效成分损失率。但是絮凝澄清技术难度较高、ZTC1+1-Ⅱ型澄清剂成本较高,很难实现工业化生产。
中国专利CN107898876提供的板青颗粒工艺在煎煮提取的过程中加入了甜菜碱、小分子量的壳聚糖、三聚磷酸钠,与中国兽药典上记载的常规工艺相比,对畜禽致病菌的抑菌活性得到显著提高。壳聚糖等多糖类物质本身就具有免疫调节作用,在主药的作用下,多糖类物质可以辅助提高机体免疫力,由此增加药物疗效。
发明内容
克服现有技术的不足,本发明提供了能够明显提高有效成分的兽用板青颗粒制备工艺。
具体而言,本发明的技术方案如下:
一种板青颗粒的制备工艺,包括药材预处理—浸提—分离浓缩—制粒四步工序。
步骤(1)药材的预处理为将板蓝根、大青叶切碎,备用。
步骤(2)浸提是将预处理后的板蓝根、大青叶通过水煎浸提和渗漉浸提两种浸提方式进行有效成分的浸出,煎煮滤液和漉液混合得到浸提液。
步骤(3)分离浓缩利用离心去除浸提液中的沉淀,再通过浓缩获得浸膏。
步骤(4)制粒是将浸膏冷却后加入赋形剂、调味剂,制粒即得。
进一步的,所述步骤(2)中水煎浸提步骤为:将预处理后的板蓝根、大青叶混合,加入其总重量5-8倍的水,加入缓冲液调节pH为7.2-8.0,煎煮2次,每次1h,合并煎液,过滤,获得煎煮滤液。
其目的在于,将药材中溶于水的有效陈分浸出,具体有效成分包括但不限于氨基酸、蒽醌类化合物、色胺酮、生物碱、糖等。另外,加入缓冲液的目的在于,在煎煮药材的过程,煎煮液的酸碱度会不断变化,缓冲液的加入能够让煎煮液保持在特定的pH范围内,发明人发现板蓝根和大青叶的煎煮液呈弱碱性,且在煎煮的过程中随着煎煮时间的增加煎煮液会变得浓稠,碱性会逐渐变强,这也是苦味口感的重要原因之一,为此发明人尝试在煎煮液中加入缓冲剂,使煎煮液的pH维持在7.2-8.0弱碱范围内,降低苦涩口感。优选的,缓冲溶液为磷酸盐缓冲液,pH=7.5-7.8。
进一步的,所述步骤(2)中渗漉浸提包括一次渗漉和二次渗漉。
其中,一次渗漉步骤为:收集煎煮后的药渣,将药渣再次粉碎,置于渗漉器中,加入50%乙醇,加入烷基葡萄糖苷,浸渍12-18h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液Ι。
其中,二次渗漉步骤为:向渗漉器中加入70%乙醇,浸渍8-15h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液ΙΙ。
两次渗漉的目的在于,利用不同体积分数的乙醇最大限度的提取浸出有效成分。第一次渗漉利用体积分数为50%的乙醇浸提,被浸出的成分包括但不限于剩余的生物碱、色胺酮以及醇类化合物,第二次渗漉采用极性更弱的体积分数为70%的乙醇进行浸提,被浸出的成分包括但不限于靛红、有机酸、脂类、蒽醌、吲哚类化合物类物质。另外,发明人通过在第一次渗漉过程中加入少量烷基葡萄糖苷,提高了乙醇的浸提效果以及有效成分的稳定性,避免了醇类、苷类物质的分解,尤其的,烷基葡萄糖苷的用量为板蓝根和大青叶重量的1/15-1/50,加入烷基葡萄糖苷的量过少,提高浸提效果和有效成分稳定性的效果不明显,加入量过多会影响有效成分和辅助成分的相互作用。
上述煎煮滤液、漉液Ι、漉液ΙΙ混合得到浸提液,由于浸提中还含有一些固体沉淀物,需要分离提纯,于是步骤(3)通过离心去除步骤(2)浸提液中的固体沉淀物,取上清液,再经过常压浓缩至密度为1.1-1.3的浸膏,备用。
步骤(4)将浸膏冷却后加入赋形剂、调味剂,进行制粒。所述赋形剂为环糊精,调味剂的选择为蔗糖,但不限于蔗糖,选择蔗糖的主要目的是为了降低兽药成本。
综上所述,本发明板青颗粒的制备工艺具体包括以下步骤:
(1)药材的预处理:板蓝根、大青叶切碎,备用;
(2)浸提:
水煎浸提:将预处理后的板蓝根、大青叶混合,加入其总重量5-8倍的水,加入磷酸盐缓冲液调节pH为7.5-7.8,煎煮2次,每次1h,合并煎液,过滤,获得煎煮滤液;
渗漉浸提:收集煎煮后的药渣,将药渣再次粉碎,置于渗漉器中,加入50%乙醇,加入烷基葡萄糖苷的用量为板蓝根和大青叶重量的1/15-1/50,浸渍12-18h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液Ι;向渗漉器中加入70%乙醇,浸渍8-15h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液ΙΙ;
将煎煮滤液、漉液Ι、漉液ΙΙ混合得到浸提液;
(3)分离浓缩:通过离心去除步骤(2)浸提液中的沉淀物,取上清液,常压浓缩至密度为1.1-1.3的浸膏;
(4)制粒:待浸膏冷却后加入粉碎后的β-环糊精、蔗糖,制粒。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明板青颗粒的制备工艺中主要对浸提工序进行优化,通过煎煮法和渗滤法双重浸提,最大限度的浸出有效成分和辅助成分,避免无效成分和组织成分的浸出。
(2)通过在煎煮法浸提过程中加入适量缓冲液保持煎煮液pH稳定,减少无效成分的浸出,降低苦涩口感,提高禽类用药的顺应性。
(3)在渗漉浸提中分两次不同体积分数的乙醇进行渗漉,分别最大限度的浸出有效成分,且在第一次渗漉过程中加入一定量的烷基葡萄糖苷,提高了乙醇的浸提效果以及有效成分的稳定性,使得漉液中有效成分含量高,从而使进一步制备的板青颗粒中有效成分含量高,药效好。
附图说明
图1实施例1-4、对比例1-6的板青颗粒化对脓性链球菌的最小抑菌浓度
图2实施例1-4、对比例1-6的板青颗粒化对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度
图3实施例1-4、对比例1-6的板青颗粒化对猪胸膜性肺炎放线杆菌的最小抑菌浓度
图4实施例1-4、对比例1-6的板青颗粒化对溶血性链球菌的最小抑菌浓度
图5实施例1-4、对比例1-6的板青颗粒化对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明做进一步的说明,但是本发明的保护范围并不限于这些实施例,实施例仅用于解释本发明。本领域技术人员应该理解的是,凡是不背离本发明构思的改变或等同替代均包括在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1兽用板青颗粒的制备工艺
(1)药材的预处理:板蓝根600g、大青叶900g,切碎,备用;
(2)浸提:
水煎浸提:将预处理后的板蓝根、大青叶混合,加入其总重量6倍的水,加入磷酸盐缓冲液调节pH为7.8,煎煮2次,每次1h,合并煎液,过滤,获得煎煮滤液;
渗漉浸提:收集煎煮后的药渣,将药渣再次粉碎,置于渗漉器中,加入50%乙醇,加入烷基葡萄糖苷50g,浸渍15h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液Ι;向渗漉器中加入70%乙醇,浸渍10h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液ΙΙ;
将煎煮滤液、漉液Ι、漉液ΙΙ混合得到浸提液;
(3)分离浓缩:通过离心去除步骤(2)浸提液中的沉淀物,取上清液,常压浓缩至密度为1.2的浸膏;
(4)制粒:待浸膏冷却后加入粉碎后的β-环糊精、蔗糖,制粒,干燥,制成1500g。
实施例2兽用板青颗粒的制备工艺
(1)药材的预处理:板蓝根600g、大青叶900g,切碎,备用;
(2)浸提:
水煎浸提:将预处理后的板蓝根、大青叶混合,加入其总重量5倍的水,加入磷酸盐缓冲液调节pH为7.5,煎煮2次,每次1h,合并煎液,过滤,获得煎煮滤液;
渗漉浸提:收集煎煮后的药渣,将药渣再次粉碎,置于渗漉器中,加入50%乙醇,加入烷基葡萄糖苷30g,浸渍12h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液Ι;向渗漉器中加入70%乙醇,浸渍8h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液ΙΙ;
将煎煮滤液、漉液Ι、漉液ΙΙ混合得到浸提液;
(3)分离浓缩:通过离心去除步骤(2)浸提液中的沉淀物,取上清液,常压浓缩至密度为1.1的浸膏;
(4)制粒:待浸膏冷却后加入粉碎后的β-环糊精、蔗糖,制粒,干燥,制成1500g。
实施例3兽用板青颗粒的制备工艺
(1)药材的预处理:板蓝根600g、大青叶900g,切碎,备用;
(2)浸提:
水煎浸提:将预处理后的板蓝根、大青叶混合,加入其总重量8倍的水,加入磷酸盐缓冲液调节pH为8.0,煎煮2次,每次1h,合并煎液,过滤,获得煎煮滤液;
渗漉浸提:收集煎煮后的药渣,将药渣再次粉碎,置于渗漉器中,加入50%乙醇,加入烷基葡萄糖苷80g,浸渍18h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液Ι;向渗漉器中加入70%乙醇,浸渍15h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液ΙΙ;
将煎煮滤液、漉液Ι、漉液ΙΙ混合得到浸提液;
(3)分离浓缩:通过离心去除步骤(2)浸提液中的沉淀物,取上清液,常压浓缩至密度为1.3的浸膏;
(4)制粒:待浸膏冷却后加入粉碎后的β-环糊精、蔗糖,制粒,干燥,制成1500g。
实施例4兽用板青颗粒的制备工艺
(1)药材的预处理:板蓝根600g、大青叶900g,切碎,备用;
(2)浸提:
水煎浸提:将预处理后的板蓝根、大青叶混合,加入其总重量6倍的水,加入磷酸盐缓冲液调节pH为7.2,煎煮2次,每次1h,合并煎液,过滤,获得煎煮滤液;
渗漉浸提:收集煎煮后的药渣,将药渣再次粉碎,置于渗漉器中,加入50%乙醇,加入烷基葡萄糖苷100g,浸渍14h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液Ι;向渗漉器中加入70%乙醇,浸渍12h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液ΙΙ;
将煎煮滤液、漉液Ι、漉液ΙΙ混合得到浸提液;
(3)分离浓缩:通过离心去除步骤(2)浸提液中的沉淀物,取上清液,常压浓缩至密度为1.15的浸膏;
(4)制粒:待浸膏冷却后加入粉碎后的β-环糊精、蔗糖,制粒,干燥,制成1500g。对比实施例1兽用板青颗粒的制备工艺
(1)药材的预处理:板蓝根600g、大青叶900g,切碎,备用;
(2)浸提:
水煎浸提:将预处理后的板蓝根、大青叶混合,加入其总重量6倍的水,煎煮2次,每次1h,合并煎液,过滤,获得煎煮滤液;
渗漉浸提:收集煎煮后的药渣,将药渣再次粉碎,置于渗漉器中,加入50%乙醇,加入烷基葡萄糖苷50g,浸渍15h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液Ι;向渗漉器中加入70%乙醇,浸渍10h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液ΙΙ;
将煎煮滤液、漉液Ι、漉液ΙΙ混合得到浸提液;
(3)分离浓缩:通过离心去除步骤(2)浸提液中的沉淀物,取上清液,常压浓缩至密度为1.2的浸膏;
(4)制粒:待浸膏冷却后加入粉碎后的β-环糊精、蔗糖,制粒,干燥,制成1500g。对比实施例2兽用板青颗粒的制备工艺
(1)药材的预处理:板蓝根600g、大青叶900g,切碎,备用;
(2)浸提:
水煎浸提:将预处理后的板蓝根、大青叶混合,加入其总重量6倍的水,加入磷酸盐缓冲液调节pH为6.8,煎煮2次,每次1h,合并煎液,过滤,获得煎煮滤液;
渗漉浸提:收集煎煮后的药渣,将药渣再次粉碎,置于渗漉器中,加入50%乙醇,加入烷基葡萄糖苷50g,浸渍15h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液Ι;向渗漉器中加入70%乙醇,浸渍10h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液ΙΙ;
将煎煮滤液、漉液Ι、漉液ΙΙ混合得到浸提液;
(3)分离浓缩:通过离心去除步骤(2)浸提液中的沉淀物,取上清液,常压浓缩至密度为1.2的浸膏;
(4)制粒:待浸膏冷却后加入粉碎后的β-环糊精、蔗糖,制粒,干燥,制成1500g。对比实施例3兽用板青颗粒的制备工艺
(1)药材的预处理:板蓝根600g、大青叶900g,切碎,备用;
(2)浸提:
渗漉浸提:收集煎煮后的药渣,将药渣再次粉碎,置于渗漉器中,加入50%乙醇,加入烷基葡萄糖苷50g,浸渍15h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液Ι;向渗漉器中加入70%乙醇,浸渍10h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液ΙΙ;
将漉液Ι、漉液ΙΙ混合得到浸提液;
(3)分离浓缩:通过离心去除步骤(2)浸提液中的沉淀物,取上清液,常压浓缩至密度为1.2的浸膏;
(4)制粒:待浸膏冷却后加入粉碎后的β-环糊精、蔗糖,制粒,干燥,制成1500g。对比实施例4兽用板青颗粒的制备工艺
(1)药材的预处理:板蓝根600g、大青叶900g,切碎,备用;
(2)浸提:
水煎浸提:将预处理后的板蓝根、大青叶混合,加入其总重量6倍的水,加入磷酸盐缓冲液调节pH为7.8,煎煮2次,每次1h,合并煎液,过滤,获得煎煮滤液;
渗漉浸提:收集煎煮后的药渣,将药渣再次粉碎,置于渗漉器中,加入50%乙醇,加入烷基葡萄糖苷50g,浸渍15h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液;
将煎煮滤液、漉液混合得到浸提液;
(3)分离浓缩:通过离心去除步骤(2)浸提液中的沉淀物,取上清液,常压浓缩至密度为1.2的浸膏;
(4)制粒:待浸膏冷却后加入粉碎后的β-环糊精、蔗糖,制粒,干燥,制成1500g。对比实施例5兽用板青颗粒的制备工艺
(1)药材的预处理:板蓝根600g、大青叶900g,切碎,备用;
(2)浸提:
水煎浸提:将预处理后的板蓝根、大青叶混合,加入其总重量6倍的水,加入磷酸盐缓冲液调节pH为7.8,煎煮2次,每次1h,合并煎液,过滤,获得煎煮滤液;
渗漉浸提:收集煎煮后的药渣,将药渣再次粉碎,置于渗漉器中,加入50%乙醇,浸渍15h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液Ι;向渗漉器中加入70%乙醇,浸渍10h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液ΙΙ;
将煎煮滤液、漉液Ι、漉液ΙΙ混合得到浸提液;
(3)分离浓缩:通过离心去除步骤(2)浸提液中的沉淀物,取上清液,常压浓缩至密度为1.2的浸膏;
(4)制粒:待浸膏冷却后加入粉碎后的β-环糊精、蔗糖,制粒,干燥,制成1500g。对比实施例6:
板青颗粒的制备方法同《中华人民共和国兽药典》2015版二部标准。
验证实施例
一、抑菌效果验证
为探究各实施例与对比实施例板青颗粒的抗菌活性大小,利用最低抑菌浓度(MIC)来衡量抑菌效果,MIC是指在微生物鉴定的稀释法中以在试管内或小孔内完全抑制细菌生长的最低药物浓度为最低抑菌浓度。本方法是参考中国专利CN107898876说明书[0037]-[0042]段抑菌效果试验方法,又根据本发明具体情况做出调整后得到的本方法。
本方法具体操作如下:
(1)菌液培养:将化脓性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、猪胸膜性肺炎放线杆菌、溶血性链球菌、大肠杆菌接种于MH肉汤培养基培养,分别将上述5种活化后菌种接种于斜面培养基中,置37℃温箱中培养24小时,用营养肉汤将斜面培养基中菌种进行稀释,使每种菌液浓度为106CFU/ml,备用。
(2)样品处理:取实施例1-4和对比例1-6制得的板青颗粒各5g,置于150m1三角瓶中,用蒸馏水配成含板青颗粒0.5g/ml的样品溶液,高压灭菌后置于4℃冰箱保存,备用。
(3)MIC的测定:取无菌试管11支,加入1ml无菌蒸馏水,分别取实施例1-4和对比例1-6样品溶液1.0ml分别移入1-10号试管,混匀后,进行梯度稀释,11号管为无药物对照。用50%MH肉汤进行培养观察,无细菌生长的所含药物最小浓度为最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。
上述试验平行重复3次,以保证实验结果的准确和精密。
抑菌效果如图1-5所示,本发明实施例1-4兽用板青颗粒抑制化脓性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、猪胸膜性肺炎放线杆菌、溶血性链球菌、大肠杆菌的最小浓度更小,说明本发明实施例1-4板青颗粒抑菌效果更好,暗示了本发明板青颗粒中有效成分含量更高。
二、有效成分含量验证
为验证本发明制备的工艺是否能提高板青颗粒中有效成分的含量,分别对实施例1-4、对比实施例1-6制备的板青颗粒进行精氨酸、靛红、色胺酮、吲哚类化合物的含量测定。测定方法参考《中华人民共和国兽药典》、《中国药典》以及中国专利CN103575818等检测方法完成。
表1实施例1-4、对比实施例1-6板青颗粒中有效成分含量
通过表1可知,本发明制备工艺制备的板青颗粒有效成分含量高,说明本发明优化过的制备工艺能够显著提高有效成分含量,进而提高疗效。
三、板青颗粒适口性验证
在安全性研究的前提下,通过双盆法比较本发明板青颗粒和市售板青颗粒的适口性情况。两盆相同的食物,一盆加入本发明板青颗粒,搅拌均匀,另一盆加市售板青颗粒,两个盆同时放入进食区域饲喂动物,并分别计算两个盆中的进食量,测出动物对药物的适口性情况。
适口性试验方法具体涉及如下:
样本:选取山东省临沭县某养猪片区(猪种类:长白猪)40头健康猪,5-6月龄,山东省临沭县某养鸡片区(鸡种类:麻黄鸡)40只健康鸡,30日龄。
剂量:本发明板青颗粒和市售板青颗粒的用药剂量均按每公斤体重0.2g。
猪适口性试验设计:试验前一日晚6点后禁食,禁食12小时后,于早6点进行第一次喂食,两个盆中食物的初始重量相同,且食物相同,A盆中放入计算剂量的实施例1板青颗粒,B盆中放入同等剂量的市售板青颗粒,再于早6点后禁食,12小时后,于晚6点进食,进食内容同上(每日进食两次),重复进行5天实验,试验阶段早晚需要交换左右盆,减少动物对方向的偏好误差。完成试验后,分别计算A盆和B盆食物的摄食率(IR),指一种试喂粮的摄食量除以两种对比样的摄食量之和,IR(A)=A/(A+B)。
鸡适口性试验设计:同上述方法,食量与剂量按鸡的剂量与食量计算。
表2鸡、猪样本的A盆和B盆食物的摄食率情况
A盆摄食率(%) | B盆摄食率(%) | |
鸡 | 60.41±3.88 | 39.59±2.74 |
猪 | 65.56±4.01 | 34.44±2.85 |
上述适口性试验可知,本发明通过优化制备工艺,制备的板青颗粒适口性更好,明显提高了兽类用药的顺应性。
Claims (6)
1.一种板青颗粒的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)药材的预处理:板蓝根6重量份、大青叶9重量份切碎,备用;
(2)浸提:
水煎浸提:将预处理后的板蓝根、大青叶混合,加入其总重量5-8倍的水,加入缓冲溶液调节pH为7.2-8.0,煎煮2次,每次1h,合并煎液,过滤,获得煎煮滤液;
渗漉浸提:收集煎煮后的药渣,将药渣再次粉碎,置于渗漉器中,加入50%乙醇,加入烷基葡萄糖苷,浸渍12-18h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液Ι;再向渗漉器中加入70%乙醇,浸渍8-15h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液ΙΙ;将煎煮滤液、漉液Ι、漉液ΙΙ混合得到浸提液;
(3)分离浓缩:离心去除浸提液中的沉淀,浓缩获得浸膏;
(4)制粒:浸膏冷却后加入赋形剂、调味剂,制粒即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的板青颗粒的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)水煎浸提中缓冲溶液为磷酸盐缓冲液,pH=7.5-7.8。
3.根据权利要求1所述的板青颗粒的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述烷基葡萄糖苷的用量为板蓝根和大青叶重量的1/15-1/50。
4.根据权利要求1所述的板青颗粒的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)为:通过离心去除步骤(2)浸提液中的沉淀物,取上清液,常压浓缩至密度为1.1-1.3的浸膏。
5.根据权利要求1所述的板青颗粒的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述赋形剂为β-环糊精,所述调味剂为蔗糖。
6.根据权利要求1所述的板青颗粒的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1) 药材的预处理:板蓝根6重量份、大青叶9重量份,切碎,备用;
(2) 浸提:
水煎浸提:将预处理后的板蓝根、大青叶混合,加入其总重量5-8倍的水,加入磷酸盐缓冲液调节pH为7.5-7.8,煎煮2次,每次1h,合并煎液,过滤,获得煎煮滤液;
渗漉浸提:收集煎煮后的药渣,将药渣再次粉碎,置于渗漉器中,加入50%乙醇,加入烷基葡萄糖苷0.3-1重量份,浸渍12-18h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液Ι;再向渗漉器中加入70%乙醇,浸渍8-15h,渗漉,收集3/4初漉液,续漉液低温浓缩后与初漉液合并形成漉液ΙΙ;将煎煮滤液、漉液Ι、漉液ΙΙ混合得到浸提液;
(3) 分离浓缩:通过离心去除步骤(2)浸提液中的沉淀物,取上清液,常压浓缩至密度为1.2的浸膏;
(4) 制粒:待浸膏冷却后加入粉碎后的β-环糊精、蔗糖,制粒。
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