CN115124641B - Gel electrolyte, precursor thereof and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Gel electrolyte, precursor thereof and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
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- C08F120/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
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Abstract
The application discloses a gel electrolyte, a precursor thereof and a lithium ion battery. In the present application, the gel electrolyte is formed by polymerization of an electrolyte containing a gel precursor material formed by polymerization of at least one monomer comprising at least one carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and at least one C 3‑6 An epoxy group. The interface impedance between the gel electrolyte and the pole piece is low, and the conductivity is high; the gel precursor used for preparing the gel electrolyte does not need an initiator to polymerize, and can be directly dissolved in electrolyte for cationic polymerization to form the gel electrolyte, so that the operation is simple; compared with polyethylene oxide used in the prior art, the gel precursor has the advantages that the electrolyte can be gelled by using a small amount of polyethylene oxide, the amount of the gel precursor is saved to the greatest extent, non-conductive substances are introduced into the electrolyte, and the electrochemical performance of the battery is maintained to the greatest extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of secondary batteries, in particular to a gel electrolyte, a precursor thereof and a lithium ion battery.
Background
With the rapid development and progress of society, the problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution are increasingly serious, and people are increasingly paying attention to clean energy demands. As a main stream energy supply device of a new energy automobile, the lithium ion battery has great attention on energy density and safety performance. Most of the existing commercial lithium ion batteries are liquid batteries, the liquid batteries have the bottleneck of energy density, the improvement on the aspect of high energy density is difficult, and the recent safety accidents of the lithium ion batteries frequently occur. The theoretical energy storage density limit of the solid-state battery is 2-10 times that of the liquid lithium ion battery, and the solid-state battery uses a solid-state electrolyte, and has low heat generation and better safety performance, so that research and development of the solid-state battery is a focus of urgent attention.
Among solid-state batteries, polymer solid-state electrolytes are attracting attention as safe, low-density materials. However, the inventors found that there are at least the following problems in the prior art: solid electrolytes, while good in physical properties, have limited ion migration, resulting in low electrical conductivity of the cell. The gel electrolyte has high conductivity close to that of liquid electrolyte and good physical property, and is a solid-like electrolyte with wide application. The common gel electrolyte comprises polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride and the like, the interface stability between the polyacrylonitrile gel electrolyte and a lithium negative electrode is poor, and the service life of the prepared lithium ion battery is low; polyethylene oxide has better ion conductivity at high temperature, but has poor room temperature conductivity performance; polymethyl methacrylate has low interface impedance with electrodes, but has poor mechanical properties, which is not beneficial to processing; however, polyvinylidene fluoride has better mechanical strength, but is easy to form symmetrical crystallization areas, and is unfavorable for ion conduction. Therefore, there is still a need in the art to find a gel electrolyte with good mechanical properties and low interfacial impedance between electrodes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gel electrolyte which has good mechanical property, low interface impedance with a pole piece and high conductivity.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a gel precursor material for preparing the above gel electrolyte.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing the above gel electrolyte.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a lithium ion battery comprising the above gel electrolyte.
To solve the above technical problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a gel precursor material formed by polymerizing at least one monomer including at least one carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and at least one C 3-6 An epoxy group.
In some preferred embodiments, the monomer has the structure of formula I:
wherein R is 1 Is C 3-4 An epoxy group;
R 2 is C 2-4 Alkynyl, C 2-4 Alkenyl, C 1-4 Alkyl, nitrile orR 2-1 Is C 3-4 An epoxy group.
In some preferred embodiments, the monomer is selected from the group consisting of:
at least one of them.
In some preferred embodiments, R 1 Is a glycidylgroup.
In some preferred embodiments, R 2 Is a nitrile group.
In some preferred embodiments, the gel precursor material has a molecular weight of 10 3 To 10 5 。
In a second aspect, the invention provides a gel electrolyte formed by polymerization of an electrolyte containing a gel precursor material.
In some preferred embodiments, the gel electrolyte has a molecular weight of 10 3 To 10 6 。
In some preferred embodiments, the electrolyte includes: nonaqueous solvents and lithium salts.
In some preferred embodiments, the electrolyte includes: nonaqueous solvents, lithium salts, and stabilizers.
In some preferred embodiments, the electrolyte further comprises an electrolyte additive.
In some preferred embodiments, the nonaqueous solvent is selected from at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ethylmethyl carbonate.
In some preferred embodiments, the nonaqueous solvent comprises at least one of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate; and at least one of diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and ethylmethyl carbonate.
In some preferred embodiments, the lithium salt is selected from at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium oxalato borate, lithium oxalato difluoroborate, lithium difluorosulfimide, and lithium difluorophosphate.
In some preferred embodiments, the electrolyte additive is selected from at least one of ethylene sulfite, ethylene sulfate, propylene sulfite, ethylene sulfate, ethylene carbonate, propylene sulfate.
In some preferred embodiments, the stabilizer is selected from at least one of N, N' -diisopropylcarbodiimide, triphenyl phosphite, heptamethyldisilazane, and hexamethyldisilazane.
In some preferred embodiments, the mass percentage of the gel precursor material in the electrolyte is 0.1 to 2%; preferably 0.5 to 1%.
In some preferred embodiments, the polymerization reaction temperature is 40 to 50 ℃; for example: 45 ℃.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a gel electrolyte, the method comprising the steps of:
dissolving the gel precursor in electrolyte for infiltration;
and then placing the mixture at 40-50 ℃ for polymerization reaction to obtain the gel electrolyte.
In some preferred embodiments, the polymerization time is 15 to 30 hours, preferably 20 to 25 hours; for example 24 hours.
According to a fourth aspect of the invention there is provided a lithium ion battery comprising a gel electrolyte according to the third aspect of the invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following advantages:
(1) The interface impedance between the gel electrolyte and the pole piece is low, and the conductivity is high;
(2) The gel precursor used for preparing the gel electrolyte provided by the invention does not need an initiator to polymerize, and can be directly dissolved in electrolyte for cationic polymerization to form the gel electrolyte, so that the operation is simple;
(3) Compared with polyethylene oxide used in the prior art, the gel precursor provided by the invention has the advantages that the consumption of the gel precursor is extremely small (only 0.5-1 percent is needed) so that the electrolyte is gelled, the consumption of the gel precursor is saved to the greatest extent, non-conductive substances are introduced into the electrolyte, and the electrochemical performance of the battery is maintained to the greatest extent;
(4) The gel electrolyte precursor provided by some embodiments of the invention can complex transition metals simultaneously, so that the safety performance of the battery can be improved, and the battery can not leak after gel is formed.
It is understood that within the scope of the present invention, the above-described technical features of the present invention and technical features specifically described below (e.g., in the examples) may be combined with each other to constitute new or preferred technical solutions. And are limited to a space, and are not described in detail herein.
Detailed Description
In the prior art, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride and the like are mostly used as gel electrolytes, and the electrolytes have difficulty in combining machinability, interface impedance with electrodes and normal-temperature conductivity. The inventors found in the study that the larger the amount of gel precursor (monomer) added when preparing the gel electrolyte, the more easily the conductivity of the electrolyte system is deteriorated, resulting in a lower conductivity of the formed gel electrolyte and further deterioration of the initial efficiency, rate and cycle performance of the finished battery. However, the less gel precursor (monomer) is added, the system is difficult to form a stable gel, or is soft, and the electrode is greatly expanded and the compaction density is difficult to increase in the later battery rolling process. Typically used gel electrolytes such as polyethylene oxide require at least 2% or more (typically 5% to 10%) of ethylene oxide monomer added to the electrolyte to polymerize to stabilize the gel formation, while the addition of more ethylene oxide results in a lower conductivity electrolyte system, and therefore, the present inventors have first developed a gel precursor material for preparing a gel electrolyte that requires only about 0.5% of the electrolyte (relative to the total mass of the electrolyte containing the gel precursor) to form a stable gel state, thereby reducing the addition of the gel precursor and resulting in better conductivity of the formed gel electrolyte.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a gel precursor material is provided that is formed by polymerization of at least one monomer comprising at least one carbon-carbon unsaturation and at least one C 3-6 An epoxy group.
The monomer contains at least two different polymerization sites (carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and C 3-6 Epoxy group), the two different polymerization sites can initiate polymerization reaction by two different initiation modes, and the azo initiator (azo initiator molecular chain contains-N=N-structure, such as azodiisobutyronitrile, azodiisovaleronitrile, azodiisoheptonitrile, dimethyl azodiisobutyrate and the like) initiates free radical polymerization reaction, so that the double bond of the first polymerization site is opened to generate first polymerization to form gel precursor, and the gel precursor is not influenced 3-6 Epoxy polymerization sites.
In some preferred embodiments, the polymerization is a free radical polymerization.
In some preferred embodiments, the free radical polymerization is initiated by a free radical generating initiator, such as azo-type initiators, peroxide initiators, and the like.
In some preferred embodiments, the radical polymerization is initiated by an azo initiator, which generates radicals and nitrogen when thermally decomposed, the radicals can collide with double bonds in the monomer to generate new radicals, which collide again with double bonds in the monomer, and so on, completing the beginning of the molecular chain growth.
In some preferred embodiments, the monomer has the structure of formula I:
wherein R is 1 Is C 3-4 An epoxy group;
R 2 is C 2-4 Alkynyl, C 2-4 Alkenyl, C 1-4 Alkyl, nitrile orR 2-1 Is C 3-4 An epoxy group.
In some preferred embodiments, the monomer has the structure of formula I:
wherein R is 1 Is C 3-4 An epoxy group;
R 2 is C 2-4 Alkynyl, C 2-4 Alkenyl, C 1-4 Alkyl, nitrile orR 2-1 Is C 3-4 An epoxy group.
The gel precursor is less in dosage, and only 0.5-1% is needed for gel.
In some preferred embodiments, the monomer is selected from the group consisting of:
at least one of them.
In some preferred embodiments, R 1 Is a glycidylgroup.
Based on achieving better safety performance of the formed gel electrolyte, the thermal diffusivity of the battery is improved, and in some preferred embodiments, R 2 Is a nitrile group.
In some preferred embodiments, the gel precursor material has a molecular weight of 10 3 To 10 5 。
In a second aspect, the invention provides a gel electrolyte formed by polymerization of an electrolyte containing a gel precursor material.
In some preferred embodiments, the polymerization is a cationic polymerization. In the cationic polymerization reaction, the cation used may be a trivalent metal ion such as aluminum ion, a dimonium ion such as magnesium ion, or a monovalent metal ion such as lithium ion; in order to lead the electrolyte system not to introduce impurities, other impurities are not introduced in the step, and only the original lithium ions in the electrolyte system are used for initiating cationic polymerization reaction.
In some preferred embodiments, the gel electrolyte has a molecular weight of 10 3 To 10 6 。
In some preferred embodiments, the electrolyte includes: nonaqueous solvents and lithium salts.
In some preferred embodiments, the electrolyte further comprises an electrolyte additive.
The nonaqueous solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the gel precursor of the present invention. For example, it is possible to use: carbonates, esters, ethers, lactones, nitriles, imides, sulfones, and the like. In addition, the solvent may be not only a single solvent but also a mixed solvent of two or more kinds. As specific examples, there may be mentioned: methyl ethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, methyl butyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, 4-difluoroethylene carbonate, 4, 5-difluoro-4, 5-dimethylethylene carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl 2-fluoropropionate, ethyl 2-fluoropropionate, diethyl ether, acetonitrile, propionitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, furan, tetrahydropyran, 1, 3-dioxane, 1, 4-dioxane, dibutyl ether, diisopropyl ether, 1, 2-dimethoxyethane, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, gamma-butyrolactone, gamma-valerolactone, and the like. In some preferred embodiments, the nonaqueous solvent is selected from at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ethylmethyl carbonate.
In some preferred embodiments, the nonaqueous solvent comprises at least one of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate; and at least one of diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and ethylmethyl carbonate.
In some preferred embodiments, the lithium salt is selected from at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium oxalato borate, lithium oxalato difluoroborate, lithium difluorosulfimide, and lithium difluorophosphate.
In some preferred embodiments, the electrolyte additive is selected from at least one of ethylene sulfite, ethylene sulfate, propylene sulfite, ethylene sulfate, ethylene carbonate, propylene sulfate.
In some preferred embodiments, the stabilizer is selected from at least one of N, N' -diisopropylcarbodiimide, triphenyl phosphite, heptamethyldisilazane, and hexamethyldisilazane.
When the amount of the gel precursor contained in the electrolyte is larger, the mechanical strength of the formed gel electrolyte is better. Thus, in some preferred embodiments, the gel precursor material is present in the electrolyte in an amount of greater than 0.8, more preferably greater than 1%, more preferably 1.5%, more preferably greater than 1.8%, and more preferably greater than 2% by mass, based on the better mechanical strength of the gel electrolyte, for ease of processing.
The smaller the amount of gel precursor contained in the electrolyte, the better the conductivity of the formed gel electrolyte. Thus, based on achieving better mechanical strength of the gel electrolyte, the gel precursor material in the electrolyte is 0.5 to 2.5 mass percent, in some preferred embodiments, based on achieving better electrical conductivity of the gel electrolyte, improving the electrochemical performance of the finished cell; preferably 0.8 to 2%; more preferably 1 to 1.5%.
In some preferred embodiments, the polymerization reaction temperature is 40 to 50 ℃; for example: 45 ℃.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a gel electrolyte, the method comprising the steps of:
dissolving the gel precursor in electrolyte for infiltration;
and then placing the mixture at 40-50 ℃ for polymerization reaction to obtain the gel electrolyte.
In some preferred embodiments, the electrolyte includes: nonaqueous solvents and lithium salts.
In some preferred embodiments, the polymerization time is 15 to 30 hours, preferably 20 to 25 hours; for example 24 hours.
According to a fourth aspect of the invention there is provided a lithium ion battery comprising a gel electrolyte according to the third aspect of the invention.
The lithium ion battery also comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a diaphragm.
As the positive electrode for a lithium ion battery in the present invention, it includes a positive electrode active material layer and a current collector. As the positive electrode active material layer, it includes a positive electrode active material, a binder, and a conductive agent. As the positive electrode active material, it preferably contains at least one oxide and/or polyanion compound. In the case of a lithium ion battery in which the cation in the nonaqueous electrolyte is a lithium host, the positive electrode active material constituting the positive electrode (ii) is not particularly limited as long as it is a material capable of charge and discharge, and examples thereof include a material containing at least one selected from (a) lithium transition metal composite oxides containing at least one metal selected from nickel, manganese and cobalt and having a layered structure, (B) lithium manganese composite oxides having a spinel structure, (C) lithium-containing olivine-type phosphates, and (D) lithium excess layered transition metal oxides having a layered rock salt type structure. In one embodiment of the invention, the positive electrode active material is NCM622.
The positive electrode active material may contain at least one selected from the above (a) to (D) as a main component, and examples of the other substances that may be contained include: feS (FeS) 2 、TiS 2 、V 2 O 5 、MoO 3 、MoS 2 And transition element chalcogenides (chalcogenides), conductive polymers such as polyacetylene, polyparaphenylene, polyaniline and polypyrrole, activated carbon, polymers generating free radicals, carbon materials and the like.
As the negative electrode for the lithium ion battery of the present invention, it includes a negative electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder. The negative electrode active material is a material capable of inserting and extracting lithium. Including, but not limited to, crystalline carbon (natural graphite, artificial graphite, etc.), carbon materials such as amorphous carbon, carbon-coated graphite, and resin-coated graphite, and oxide materials such as indium oxide, silicon oxide, tin oxide, lithium titanate, zinc oxide, and lithium oxide. The negative electrode active material may be lithium metal or a metal material that can be alloyed with lithium. Specific examples of metals that can be alloyed with lithium include Cu, sn, si, co, mn, fe, sb and Ag. Binary or ternary alloys containing these metals and lithium may also be used as the negative electrode active material. These negative electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more. From the viewpoint of increasing the energy density, a carbon material such as graphite and a Si-based active material such as Si, si alloy, si oxide or the like may be combined as the negative electrode active material. From the standpoint of both cycle characteristics and high energy density, graphite and Si-based active materials may be combined as the negative electrode active material. The ratio of the mass of the Si-based active material to the total mass of the carbon material and the Si-based active material may be 0.5% to 95%, 1% to 50%, or 2% to 40%. In one embodiment of the present invention, the negative electrode active material is graphite.
The conductive agent, binder, and the like used for the positive electrode and the negative electrode are not particularly limited, and any conductive agent and binder commonly used in the art may be used.
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent. It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The experimental methods, in which specific conditions are not noted in the following examples, are generally conducted under conventional conditions or under conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Percentages and parts are weight percentages and parts unless otherwise indicated. The experimental materials and reagents used in the following examples were obtained from commercial sources unless otherwise specified.
Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs, it is to be noted that the terms used herein are used merely to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments of this application.
Example 1 preparation of electrolyte gel precursor
Step 1, dissolving a compound 1 in DMSO with a solid content of about 50%, and adding 0.1% by mass of azodiisobutyronitrile, wherein a colorless transparent solution is formed after dissolving;
step 2, heating and stirring the colorless transparent solution obtained in the step 1 at the stirring speed of about 100 revolutions per minute at the heating temperature of 60 ℃ for 24 hours; obtaining yellow viscous solution, namely gel precursor solution;
and step 3, drying the gel precursor solution obtained in the step 2, drying for 48 hours at 200 ℃ under vacuum, and removing DMSO in the solution to obtain massive white crystal particles, namely the gel precursor material.
In examples 2 to 5, the method of preparing the electrolyte gel precursor was substantially the same as that of example 1, except that the monomer compound used in example 1 was compound 1, and the monomer compounds used in examples 2 to 5 were as shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1
EXAMPLE 6 preparation of electrolyte containing gel precursor
Step 1, gel precursor stock solution:
adding 0.2g of the gel precursor material prepared in the example 1 into 9.8g of EC (ethylene carbonate), completely dissolving to form a uniform gel precursor stock solution, preparing a solution with the mass percent of the gel precursor material being 2%, and storing the solution at the temperature of 0-10 ℃;
step 2, preparing electrolyte containing gel precursor:
EC: EMC: dec=3:5:2 nonaqueous solvent, liPF was added 6 13w.t％、VC 1w.t％、PS 0.5w.t％、LiPO 2 F 2 0.5w.t% and 1000ppm of N, N' -diisopropylcarbodiimide; and then measuring the gel precursor stock solution, adding the gel precursor stock solution into the prepared electrolyte, and controlling the mass percent of the gel precursor in the electrolyte to be in a range of 0.5-1% (relative to the total weight of the electrolyte containing the gel precursor), thus obtaining the electrolyte containing the gel precursor.
In examples 7 to 10, the method of preparing the electrolyte containing the gel precursor was substantially the same as in example 6, except that the gel precursor materials used in step 1 were the gel precursor materials prepared in examples 2 to 5, respectively.
EXAMPLE 11 preparation of lithium ion Battery containing gel electrolyte
Battery system: using an externally purchased non-injected dry cell, wherein the anode material and the cathode material are NCM 622|graphite respectively; the capacity of the battery cell is 5Ah, and the energy density is about 250Wh/Kg;
1) Injecting the electrolyte containing gel precursor prepared in example 6 into a battery, soaking for 48hr,
2) Pre-charging the battery, and then forming;
3) After formation, the cell was placed at 45 ℃ and polymerized in situ for 24hr, and the gel precursor in the electrolyte was cationically polymerized to form a crosslinked product, followed by gel-like electrolyte.
4) The capacity of the rear battery is divided, and the battery is tested off line;
in examples 12 to 15, the method of producing a lithium ion battery was substantially the same as in example 11, except that the electrolyte containing a gel precursor was used as the electrolyte prepared in examples 7 to 10, respectively.
Comparative example 1 lithium ion Battery containing polyethylene oxide gel electrolyte
Firstly, preparing an electrolyte, dissolving polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether in the electrolyte, wherein the polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether cannot form a stable gel state when the mass percentage is 2%, and forming a relatively stable gel state when the mass percentage is increased to 5%, so that the preparation of the battery is the same as that of the example 11.
Comparative example 2 lithium ion Battery containing Poly 1, 3-Dioxolane (DOL) gel electrolyte
Firstly, preparing electrolyte, dissolving DOL in the electrolyte, and ensuring the mass percent content to be 5%; the subsequent battery preparation was the same as in example 11.
Test example 1. Battery Performance test
[ first coulombic efficiency test ]
The normal temperature charge capacity/normal temperature discharge capacity was measured at 25.+ -. 2 ℃ in accordance with the steps shown in the following Table 2, and the first coulombic efficiency was calculated, and the results are recorded in Table 5.
TABLE 2
[ Normal temperature cycle test ]
The capacity retention rate was measured 200 times by normal temperature cycle according to the steps shown in Table 3 below, and the obtained results are recorded in Table 5.
TABLE 3 Table 3
[ multiplying power Performance test ]
The normal temperature rate performance was tested in accordance with the steps shown in table 4 below, with battery rate performance=2c capacity/0.33C capacity×100%. The results obtained are recorded in table 5.
TABLE 4 Table 4
[ needling test ]
Safety requirement and test method of power storage battery for electric automobile according to GBT 31485-2015
Charging according to the GBT 31485-2015 storage battery module by a method of 6.1.4;
a high temperature resistant steel needle with phi of 5mm (the conical angle of the needle point is 45 degrees) is used, and the speed is 25+/-5 mm/s to pierce the battery;
the battery maximum temperature was recorded after 1h of observation.
[ electric abuse overcharge ]
Safety requirement and test method of power storage battery for electric automobile according to GBT 31485-2015
The overcharge test was performed as follows:
the storage battery module is charged according to the method of 6.1.4;
charging the battery to 1.5 times of the cut-off voltage of the single storage battery by using a 1C current constant current;
the battery maximum temperature was recorded after 1h of observation.
[ thermal abuse-Hot case at 150 ]
Safety requirement and test method of power storage battery for electric automobile according to GBT 31485-2015
The heating test was performed as follows:
the storage battery is charged according to the method of 6.1.4;
the temperature of the incubator is raised to 150+/-2 ℃ from room temperature at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and heating is stopped after the temperature is maintained for 30 min;
the battery maximum temperature was recorded after 1h of observation.
TABLE 5
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples of carrying out the invention and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A gel precursor material, characterized in that the gel precursor material is formed by polymerization of at least one monomer,
the monomer has a structure shown in the following formula I:
wherein R is 1 Is C 3-4 An epoxy group;
R 2 is C 2-4 Alkynyl, C 2-4 Alkenyl, C 1-4 Alkyl, nitrile orR 2-1 Is C 3-4 An epoxy group.
2. The gel precursor material of claim 1, wherein the monomer is selected from the group consisting of:
at least one of them.
3. The gel precursor material of claim 1, wherein R 1 Is a glycidylgroup;
and/or R 2 Is a nitrile group.
4. A gel electrolyte formed by polymerization of an electrolyte containing the gel precursor material according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. The gel electrolyte according to claim 4, wherein the electrolyte solution comprises: nonaqueous solvents, lithium salts, and stabilizers.
6. The gel electrolyte of claim 5, wherein the stabilizer is selected from at least one of N, N' -diisopropylcarbodiimide, triphenyl phosphite, heptamethyldisilazane, and hexamethyldisilazane.
7. The gel electrolyte of claim 4, wherein the gel precursor material is present in the electrolyte in an amount of 0.1 to 2% by mass.
8. A method of preparing a gel electrolyte, the method comprising the steps of:
dissolving the gel precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in an electrolyte for infiltration;
and then placing the mixture at 40-50 ℃ for polymerization reaction to obtain the gel electrolyte.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the polymerization reaction time is 15 to 30 hours.
10. A lithium ion battery, characterized in that it comprises the gel electrolyte according to any one of claims 4 to 7.
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