CN115121811B - Welding method of powder-spreading 3D printer casing and engine casing - Google Patents
Welding method of powder-spreading 3D printer casing and engine casing Download PDFInfo
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- CN115121811B CN115121811B CN202210778294.5A CN202210778294A CN115121811B CN 115121811 B CN115121811 B CN 115121811B CN 202210778294 A CN202210778294 A CN 202210778294A CN 115121811 B CN115121811 B CN 115121811B
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- welding
- electron beam
- powder
- isostatic pressing
- hot isostatic
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001917 fluorescence detection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
Abstract
The invention discloses a welding method of a powder-spreading 3D printer cartridge and an engine cartridge, wherein the welding method is to perform hot isostatic pressing treatment on parts of the powder-spreading 3D printer cartridge to be welded; electron beam welding is carried out on the parts subjected to the hot isostatic pressing; and (5) carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the casing subjected to the electron beam welding again to finish the welding of the powder-spreading 3D printer casing. According to the welding method, the hot isostatic pressing treatment is adopted before the electron beam welding, so that loose defects of a 3D printing part matrix are eliminated, the matrix is more compact, the quality of a welding seam for subsequent welding is improved, meanwhile, the hot isostatic pressing treatment is adopted again after the electron beam welding, the defects of loose and crack inside the electron beam welding seam are effectively eliminated, the welding seam is more compact, microcracks in the powder-spread 3D printing part electron beam welding seam can be effectively controlled by the welding treatment method, and the use safety of parts is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of welding of 3D printer boxes of aero-engines, and relates to a welding method of a powder-spreading 3D printer box and an engine box.
Background
Certain type of casing material is GH4169, the outline size is relatively large (1140 mm), the minimum wall thickness is only 2mm, and because the part has the characteristics of large size, thin wall, abnormal shape and the like, the process of welding the multi-section casing into a whole by an electron beam welding process after printing the section casing by adopting a powder laying 3D printing forming technology, namely a laser precise forming technology (SLM) and a layer-by-layer cladding additive manufacturing mode. After welding, the parts are subjected to X-ray detection, fluorescence detection and metallographic examination to ensure the quality of the parts. In the detection process, X-ray detection and fluorescence detection are both qualified, but when metallographic examination is carried out, a weld joint is cut, and a 100-fold magnifying glass is adopted for detection, and microscopic cracks with the length of about 70-100 μm are found on the weld joint, as shown in figure 1. Microcracks of this specification are indistinguishable by X-ray detection. In the working process of the engine, a severe working environment with high temperature and high pressure is required, micro cracks in the welding line can become a fatigue source, and the welding line cracks are further expanded, so that the use safety performance of parts is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a welding method of a powder-spreading 3D printer case and an engine case, so that microcracks generated in electron beam welding are effectively controlled, and the use safety of parts is improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a welding method of a powder-spreading 3D printer cartridge comprises the following steps:
s1: performing hot isostatic pressing treatment on parts of the powder-spreading 3D printer cartridge to be welded;
s2: electron beam welding is carried out on the parts subjected to the hot isostatic pressing in the step S1;
s3: and (3) performing hot isostatic pressing treatment on the casing subjected to the electron beam welding in the step (S2) again to finish welding of the powder-spreading 3D printer casing.
Preferably, the temperature of the hot isostatic pressing in the step S1 is higher than 1100 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
Preferably, the pressure of the hot isostatic pressing in the step S1 is 160MPa.
Preferably, before the electron beam welding, a layer-by-layer cladding additive manufacturing mode is adopted to print out a plurality of sections of fan-shaped cases, lugs are arranged on the sections of fan-shaped cases, and when the electron beam welding is carried out, the sections of fan-shaped cases are connected through the lugs.
Preferably, the temperature of the hot isostatic pressing in the step S3 is higher than 1100 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
Preferably, the pressure in the step S3 is 160MPa.
Preferably, the quality inspection of the obtained part is included after steps S2 and S3 are completed.
Preferably, the quality detection items include X-ray detection, fluorescence detection and metallographic detection in sequence.
Preferably, the metallographic detection process specifically adopts a magnifying glass at least 100 times to inspect the electron beam welding seam to see whether cracks exist in the welding seam.
An engine case is manufactured by the method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the welding method of the powder-spreading 3D printer case, hot isostatic pressing treatment is adopted before electron beam welding, loose defects of a 3D printing part matrix are eliminated, the matrix is more compact, quality improvement of a subsequent welding seam is facilitated, meanwhile, hot isostatic pressing treatment is adopted again after electron beam welding, loose and crack defects inside the electron beam seam are effectively eliminated, the welding seam is more compact, microcracks in the electron beam seam of the powder-spreading 3D printing part can be effectively controlled, and use safety of parts is guaranteed.
Furthermore, the temperature of hot isostatic pressing before electron beam welding is higher than 1100 ℃, trace elements are precipitated to grain boundaries because the parts are printed by adopting laser 3D, and if the hot isostatic pressing temperature is lower, the grain boundary trace elements are too little to be fused into grains, so that the parts are brittle, and the product quality can be influenced. The temperature can be preferably 1165-1185 ℃, is about 200 ℃ higher than the solid solution temperature, can effectively eliminate loose defects of the 3D printing piece matrix, enables the matrix to be more compact, and is favorable for improving the quality of subsequent welding seams.
Furthermore, when electron beam welding is carried out, a plurality of sections of fan-shaped casings are connected through lugs, and the connection mode can enable assembly positioning before welding to be realized on the premise that a special tool is not used, so that operation is convenient.
Furthermore, the temperature of hot isostatic pressing after electron beam welding is higher than 1100 ℃, trace elements are precipitated to grain boundaries because the parts are printed by adopting laser 3D, and if the hot isostatic pressing temperature is lower, the grain boundary trace elements are too little to be fused into grains, so that the parts are brittle, and the product quality can be influenced. The temperature can be preferably 1165-1185 ℃, and is about 200 ℃ higher than the solid solution temperature, so that the defects of looseness, cracks and the like in the electron beam welding seam can be effectively eliminated, and the welding seam is more compact.
Further, after steps S2 and S3 are completed, quality detection is carried out on the obtained part, so that the use safety of the part is effectively ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a golden phase diagram of a welded test panel by a prior art welding technique;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a welding method of a powder-laying 3D printer cartridge;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a rotary square casing;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a round-square segmented weld bead distribution;
fig. 5 is a diagram of the phase diagram of a test plate welded by the welding process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, if the terms "upper," "lower," "horizontal," "inner," and the like indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the azimuth or the positional relationship in which the inventive product is conventionally put in use, it is merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the term "horizontal" if present does not mean that the component is required to be absolutely horizontal, but may be slightly inclined. As "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
example 1
A welding method of a powder-spreading 3D printer cartridge, referring to fig. 2, comprising the steps of:
s1: performing hot isostatic pressing treatment on parts of the powder-spreading 3D printer cartridge to be welded;
the treatment temperature of the hot isostatic pressing in the step is 1165 ℃, the pressure is 160MPa, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours. .
S2: electron beam welding is carried out on the parts subjected to the hot isostatic pressing in the step S1;
before electron beam welding, a layer-by-layer cladding additive manufacturing mode is adopted to print out a plurality of sections of fan-shaped casing, technological lugs are arranged on the sections of fan-shaped casing, and holes are machined in the lugs. And when the electron beam welding is carried out, the segments of fan-shaped casings are positioned through the lug holes and are connected by using bolts.
S3: and (3) performing hot isostatic pressing treatment on the casing subjected to the electron beam welding in the step (S2) again to finish welding of the powder-spreading 3D printer casing.
In the step, the temperature of 1165 ℃ and the pressure of 160MPa are kept for 2 hours.
The schematic diagram of the welded casing structure is shown in fig. 3, and the whole casing is formed after welding can be seen in the diagram. The distribution diagram of the welding seam of the round-square segmented welding is shown in fig. 4, and the distribution situation of the welding seam of the segmented casing electron beam welding can be seen in the diagram.
In the present invention, after steps S2 and S3 are completed, quality inspection is performed on the obtained parts. The quality detection items comprise X-ray detection, fluorescence detection and metallographic detection in sequence, and if any item is detected to be qualified after the step S2, the item does not need to be detected again after the step S3. The metallographic detection process is specifically to adopt a magnifying glass which is at least 100 times to inspect the electron beam welding seam and observe whether cracks exist in the welding seam.
The invention also discloses an engine casing which is manufactured by welding through the method.
Example 2
Taking a 3D printer cartridge test board test of a certain engine as an example, the material is GH4169, the blank is a powder-laying 3D printing sector section, the external dimension is relatively large (1140 mm), and the wall thickness is 2mm. The specific process flow is as follows:
(1) Hot isostatic pressing
And (3) carrying out hot isostatic pressing on the test plate, wherein the heat treatment system is 1175 ℃,160MPa, and the heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours, so that the test plate is furnace-cooled.
(2) Electron beam welding
Electron beam welding was performed using a 3D printed panel in the same furnace state as the original piece.
(3) X-ray detection
And carrying out X-ray detection on all welding seam parts, and combining X-rays.
(4) Fluorescence detection
And all welding seam parts are subjected to fluorescence detection, so that the fluorescence is free of problems.
(5) Metallographic detection
The weld was dissected and inspected using a 100-fold magnification to find microcracks of 70 μm-100 μm.
(6) Hot isostatic pressing
And (3) carrying out hot isostatic pressing on the test plate, wherein the heat treatment system is 1175 ℃,160MPa, and the heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours, so that the test plate is furnace-cooled.
(7) Re-metallographic examination
The weld was dissected and inspected again using a 100 x magnification lens with microcracks disappeared. As shown in FIG. 5, no welding line exists, so that the use safety of the part is effectively ensured.
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 in that the treatment temperature of the hot isostatic pressing in step S1 is 1170 ℃, and in step S3 the hot isostatic pressing is 1170 ℃.
Example 4
This example differs from example 1 in that the treatment temperature of the hot isostatic pressing in step S1 is 1175 ℃ and in step S3 the hot isostatic pressing is 1170 ℃.
Example 5
This example differs from example 1 in that the treatment temperature of the hot isostatic pressing in step S1 is 1180 ℃, 1175 ℃ of the hot isostatic pressing in step S3.
Example 6
This example differs from example 1 in that the treatment temperature of the hot isostatic pressing in step S1 is 1185 ℃, and in step S3 the treatment temperature of the hot isostatic pressing is 1185 ℃.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The welding method of the powder-spreading 3D printer cartridge is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: performing hot isostatic pressing treatment on parts of the powder-spreading 3D printer cartridge to be welded;
the temperature of the hot isostatic pressing in the step S1 is 1165 ℃, the pressure is 160MPa, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours;
s2: electron beam welding is carried out on the parts subjected to the hot isostatic pressing in the step S1;
before electron beam welding, printing a plurality of segments of fan-shaped casing by adopting a layer-by-layer cladding additive manufacturing mode, wherein the segments of fan-shaped casing are provided with process lugs, and holes are processed on the lugs; when electron beam welding is carried out, the segments of fan-shaped casings are positioned through lug holes and are connected by bolts;
s3: performing hot isostatic pressing treatment again on the casing subjected to electron beam welding in the step S2 to finish welding of the powder-spreading 3D printer casing;
the temperature of the hot isostatic pressing in the step S3 is 1165 ℃, the pressure is 160MPa, and the heat preservation time is 2h.
2. The welding method of a powder-laid 3D printer cartridge according to claim 1, wherein after steps S2 and S3 are completed, quality inspection of the obtained parts is included.
3. The welding method of a powder-spreading 3D printer cartridge according to claim 2, wherein the quality detection items include X-ray detection, fluorescence detection and metallographic detection in this order.
4. A method of welding a 3D printer cartridge with powder placement according to claim 3, wherein the metallographic detection is performed by inspecting the electron beam weld with a magnifying glass at least 100 times to see if a crack exists in the weld.
5. An engine casing, characterized in that it is produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210778294.5A CN115121811B (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2022-06-29 | Welding method of powder-spreading 3D printer casing and engine casing |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210778294.5A CN115121811B (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2022-06-29 | Welding method of powder-spreading 3D printer casing and engine casing |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN115121811A CN115121811A (en) | 2022-09-30 |
| CN115121811B true CN115121811B (en) | 2024-03-12 |
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| CN111922347A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-13 | 飞而康快速制造科技有限责任公司 | Heat treatment method for 3D printing aluminum alloy |
| CN111985059A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-11-24 | 华中科技大学 | Part forming method and system based on additive manufacturing and hot isostatic pressing |
| CN112011713A (en) * | 2020-08-30 | 2020-12-01 | 中南大学 | Method for eliminating cracks of 3D printing nickel-based superalloy |
| CN112809021A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-05-18 | 南京晨光集团有限责任公司 | Printing and post-processing method for manufacturing 40CrNi2Si2MoVA alloy steel by laser additive manufacturing |
| CN113462997A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-10-01 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | Heat treatment method for improving weld performance after electron beam welding |
| CN113828924A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2021-12-24 | 湖北三江航天红阳机电有限公司 | K438 high-temperature alloy welding method |
| CN114043109A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-02-15 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | Composite connection method of large-size round-square 3D printer case |
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