CN115106622B - Nuclear power station stainless steel pool double tungsten electrode hot wire TIG automatic welding construction method - Google Patents
Nuclear power station stainless steel pool double tungsten electrode hot wire TIG automatic welding construction method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 411
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
- B23K9/1675—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode making use of several electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nuclear power station stainless steel pool double-tungsten-electrode-hot-wire TIG automatic welding construction method, which is implemented based on double-tungsten-electrode-hot-wire TIG welding equipment, and is provided with a first tungsten electrode, a second tungsten electrode and a welding wire, and is characterized in that: arranging a second tungsten electrode, a first tungsten electrode and welding wires in the welding gun in sequence along a welding direction according to a certain included angle, wherein: the first tungsten electrode tip is vertical to the stainless steel cladding plate to be welded, the second tungsten electrode tip is inclined towards the welding direction, and the tip of the welding wire is inclined towards the reverse direction of the welding direction; the included angle between the welding wire and the first tungsten electrode is 50-70 degrees; the included angle between the second tungsten electrode and the first tungsten electrode is 25-35 degrees; the distance between the first tungsten electrode and the tip of the second tungsten electrode is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm; during welding, the distance between the tips of the first tungsten electrode and the second tungsten electrode is 1.5 mm-2 mm from the stainless steel cladding panel to be welded. The arrangement mode and welding parameters of the double tungsten electrodes and the welding wires designed by the method for constructing the TIG automatic welding of the double tungsten electrodes of the stainless steel pool of the nuclear power station can ensure that the arc accessibility of a welding gun is high, the gas protection effect of a TIG process is improved, and the method is easy to operate and adjust and is suitable for popularization and use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an automatic welding construction technology of a stainless steel pool of a nuclear power station, and belongs to the technical field of construction of facilities of the nuclear power station.
Background
In nuclear power stainless steel engineering, a stainless steel pool is an indispensable component of a nuclear power plant. In the operation process of the nuclear power station, the water tank is used for storing and transporting various fuels and wastes, plays a very important role, and is also a typical facility which does not support repair, so that the water tank is ensured not to leak. This places extremely high demands on the welding of the stainless steel pool.
At present, in the construction of a stainless steel pool of a nuclear power station, the traditional manual TIG welding process and the single tungsten electrode TIG automatic welding process are mainly adopted, and the traditional manual TIG welding has low arc energy density and low welding speed. In recent years, the labor cost is increased, and welders are short, especially nuclear welders and the low efficiency of the existing welding process become key factors restricting the construction of the stainless steel pool. Meanwhile, the welding current is increased in single tungsten electrode TIG automatic welding, so that the arc pressure is increased, the defects of unfused and undercut and the like are easily caused in high-speed welding, the heat input of a thin plate is higher in low-speed welding, and the defects of penetration and the like are easily caused, so that the welding efficiency is difficult to improve in stainless steel single tungsten electrode TIG automatic welding by increasing the welding current.
In order to improve the welding construction efficiency, ensure the welding quality and reduce the personnel consumption, the prior art provides a high-efficiency TIG (double tungsten electrode and hot wire) automatic welding method, and forms a mature stainless steel double tungsten electrode and hot wire high-efficiency TIG automatic welding technology through repeated test shaping. However, the existing TIG (double tungsten electrode + hot wire) automatic welding base still has some defects, such as:
the Jiangsu university of science and technology discloses a patent document (publication number is CN 109483021A) of a double-tungsten pulse TIG welding method, as shown in fig. 1, the scheme is provided with two welding guns, the first welding gun and the second welding gun and the positions between the first welding gun and a workpiece to be welded are adjusted according to set intervals, so that electric arcs generated by the two welding guns are coupled on the surface of the workpiece to be welded, double-tungsten pulse welding is realized by adjusting peak current, basic value current, pulse frequency and duty ratio of a welding power supply, the maximum required current of the double-tungsten TIG welding is improved, and tungsten burning loss is effectively reduced. The invention adopts two welding guns to limit the flexibility of operation and the accessibility of electric arcs, the electromagnetic interaction between the two electric arcs is easy to be interfered by external factors, the welding stability is poor, in addition, in the welding process, air is easy to be involved into a molten pool through the air between the two welding guns, the gas protection effect is influenced, and the welding quality is seriously threatened.
The Shandong university discloses a patent document (authorized publication number is CN 108907414B) of a double tungsten electrode TIG narrow gap welding method with high deposition efficiency and high welding speed, as shown in fig. 2, the scheme adopts two different welding guns, namely an axisymmetric static tungsten electrode welding gun and a non-axisymmetric rotating tungsten electrode welding gun, a U-shaped groove is formed on a workpiece, the two welding guns are arranged in a front-back arrangement along the welding direction so that the distance between the two welding guns is equal to the distance between the workpiece, a butt welder is arranged to feed air in advance, the welding guns are centered, delay wire feeding is arranged, wire drawing is carried out in advance, the welding pieces are heated in advance and premelted, direct current welding is adopted, the tungsten electrode of the second welding gun is rotated by a motor control box switch of the second welding gun before arc striking, and the welding is carried out simultaneously, so that the defects of good front forming of the welding seam, no edge biting and the like can be realized, and the deposition efficiency and the welding speed are obviously improved. According to the scheme, the first axisymmetric static tungsten electrode forms a preliminary molten pool, the second axisymmetric rotating tungsten electrode can enable an electric arc to periodically heat two base body side wall metals according to the minimum voltage principle, the side wall unfused defects are reduced, the welding effect is good for a narrow-gap welding line and a workpiece with larger thickness due to the improvement of the melting capacity, but the workpiece is difficult to bear high heat input and high melting capacity for a thin workpiece, the state of a groove is changed due to deformation of the workpiece, the unstable welding quality is extremely easy to be caused, and the requirement cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a novel nuclear power station stainless steel pool double tungsten electrode hot wire TIG automatic welding construction method, which aims to solve the problems of limited operation flexibility and electric arc accessibility of two welding guns, low cladding efficiency, large sheet welding difficulty and unstable welding quality in a double welding gun tungsten electrode argon arc welding process,
in order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a nuclear power station stainless steel pool double tungsten electrode hot wire TIG automatic weld construction method, is implemented based on double tungsten electrode hot wire TIG welding equipment, double tungsten electrode hot wire TIG welding equipment is equipped with first tungsten electrode, second tungsten electrode and welding wire, its characterized in that:
arranging a second tungsten electrode, a first tungsten electrode and welding wires in the welding gun in sequence along a welding direction according to a certain included angle, wherein: the first tungsten electrode tip is vertical to the stainless steel cladding plate to be welded, the second tungsten electrode tip is inclined towards the welding direction, and the tip of the welding wire is inclined towards the reverse direction of the welding direction;
the included angle between the welding wire and the first tungsten electrode is 50-70 degrees;
the included angle between the second tungsten electrode and the first tungsten electrode is 25-35 degrees;
the distance between the first tungsten electrode and the tip of the second tungsten electrode is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm;
during welding, the distance between the tips of the first tungsten electrode and the second tungsten electrode is 1.5 mm-2 mm from the stainless steel cladding panel to be welded.
The welding process of the welding method comprises a backing welding step, a filling welding step and a cover welding step.
Further, the technological parameters of the priming welding step are set as follows:
first tungsten peak current: 110A-160A, base current: 70A-100A, second tungsten peak current: 110A-160A, base current: 70A-100A, hot wire current: 30A-50A, welding speed: 130 mm/min-180 mm/min, wire feeding speed: 700 mm/min-1000 mm/min, and the peak current time of two tungsten electrodes: 100 ms-300 ms, base current time: 100 ms-300 ms, 180 degrees of current phase difference, a first tungsten electrode peak current arc voltage reference: 10.0v to 14.0v; swing amplitude of welding gun: 1 mm-3 mm, swing speed: 600 mm/min-1000 mm/min, and the two ends of the swing stay: and (3) carrying out current attenuation for 1 s-3 s during arc starting for 0.1 s-0.3 s, and delaying gas stopping for 10 s-15 s.
Further, the technological parameters of the filling welding step are set as follows:
first tungsten peak current: 110A-160A, base current: 70A-100A, second tungsten peak current: 110A-160A, base current: 70A-100A, hot wire current: 30A-50A, welding speed: 130 mm/min-200 mm/min, wire feeding speed: 700 mm/min-1000 mm/min, and the peak current time of two tungsten electrodes: 100 ms-300 ms, base current time: 100 ms-300 ms, 180 degrees of current phase difference, a first tungsten electrode peak current arc voltage reference: 12.0v to 13.0v; swing amplitude of welding gun: 1 mm-3 mm, swing speed: 600 mm/min-1000 mm/min, and swinging the two-end residence time: and (3) delaying the gas stopping for 10 s-15 s after the current decays for 1 s-3 s in the arc starting process for 0.1 s-0.3 s.
Further, the technological parameters of the cover surface welding step are set as follows:
first tungsten peak current: 80A-150A, base current: 60A-100A, second tungsten peak current: 120A-180A, base current: 60A-100A, hot wire current: 30A-50A, welding speed: 130 mm/min-200 mm/min, wire feeding speed: 700 mm/min-1000 mm/min, and the peak current time of two tungsten electrodes: 100 ms-300 ms, base current time: 100 ms-300 ms, 180 degrees of current phase difference, a first tungsten electrode peak current arc voltage reference: 10.0v to 15.0v; during surface welding at the flat welding position and the vertical welding position, the welding gun swings, and the swing amplitude is equal to that of the welding gun: 4 mm-7 mm, and swinging speed: 600 mm/min-1000 mm/min, and swinging the residence time at two ends: 0.1 s-0.5 s; in the case of face welding at the transverse welding position, a plurality of welding processes are adopted; and during arc striking, the current decays for 1 s-3 s, and the gas stopping is delayed for 10 s-15 s.
Further, during welding, the arc starting point is positioned on the arc striking plate, 20 mm-30 mm away from the starting position of the stainless steel cladding plate to be welded, the first tungsten electrode/the second tungsten electrode are subjected to extremely high-frequency arc starting after 8 s-15 s of pre-gas supply, the second tungsten electrode/the first tungsten electrode are subjected to high-frequency arc starting after 0.5s of interval after the arc starting is successful, the control current is quickly increased to the main welding current after the two tungsten electrodes are subjected to the high-frequency arc starting, wire feeding and swinging are started after 0.1 s-2 s, and the machine head starts to walk and starts arc voltage tracking after staying in place for 0.1 s-2 s.
Further, the stainless steel cladding panel is 304L stainless steel with the thickness of 3-6 mm, the bevel angle is 0-60 degrees, the blunt edge requirement is 0mm, and the pairing gaps are controlled to be 4-10 mm. The welding wire is preferably ER308L stainless steel welding wire with the specification of 1.2 mm.
Furthermore, the invention relates to a construction method for the TIG automatic welding of a stainless steel pool double tungsten electrode hot wire of a nuclear power station, which comprises the following steps:
step one: polishing a groove of the stainless steel cladding plate;
step two: cleaning a stainless steel cladding plate and a backing plate;
step three: the stainless steel cladding panel group is used for integrally checking the front groove;
step four: the stainless steel cladding plates are reworked and hoisted for assembly;
step five: sealing the assembled rear welding seams;
step six: determining a welding sequence and planning equipment hoisting points;
step seven: positioning double tungsten electrode automatic welding equipment;
step eight: brushing and cleaning welding seams before welding;
step nine: installing a welding track and a trolley;
step ten: checking a welding device and a welding gun cable winding displacement;
step eleven: welding gun and tungsten electrode angle adjustment and welding process selection;
step twelve: checking the function of a welding power supply and the gas flow;
step thirteen: welding a stainless steel cladding plate;
step fourteen: cleaning welded seams and finishing equipment tools;
fifteen steps: and (5) brushing and nondestructive testing of welding seams.
The beneficial effects are that:
1) The invention discloses a nuclear power station stainless steel pool double-tungsten-electrode-hot-wire TIG automatic welding construction method, which is improved in the prior art, and the arrangement mode and welding parameters of a double tungsten electrode and a welding wire are designed, so that the arc accessibility of welding guns is high, the defect that air is easy to be involved into a molten pool through gas between two welding guns in the existing double-welding-gun TIG welding process is effectively overcome, the gas protection effect of TIG welding is improved, and the method is easy to operate, flexible to adjust and suitable for popularization. In the welding process, the welding wire is continuously and stably fed into a molten pool, and under the action of high heat input quantity and low arc pressure of a double tungsten electrode, the welding wire can be fused on the flat welding (PA), the transverse welding (PC) and the vertical welding (PF) positions, and even if a high-speed swing welding process is adopted, the side wall fusion can be ensured, so that the welding quality and the welding efficiency are improved.
2) In the invention, a double tungsten electrode arc control system is an integration of a main welding power supply and a secondary welding power supply for independent TIG welding, and by improving the design of technological parameters, a double tungsten electrode TIG composite arc with unique energy can be formed, and the arc energy is a composite of two welding power supplies, but the arc pressure is unchanged, so that the defects of large welding deformation and unstable quality of a thin plate caused by increasing current and increasing the arc voltage in the narrow gap welding of the double tungsten electrode TIG in the prior art are overcome; meanwhile, the TIG hot wire system forms a hot wire current loop adjacent to a welding main loop between a workpiece and a welding wire, the welding wire is preheated by utilizing self resistance heat generation of the welding wire, and independent control and related parameter design of welding wire preheating energy and welding arc energy can obviously improve the melting speed of the welding wire under the condition of not improving arc heat input, so that the cladding efficiency of TIG welding is comprehensively improved, the nuclear power welding quality is improved, and the labor intensity and personnel consumption of a welder are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a prior art reference diagram I;
FIG. 2 is a prior art reference diagram II;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a liquid-cooled dual tungsten electrode torch according to example 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a swing mode of a liquid-cooled dual tungsten electrode torch according to example 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the installation angles of a double tungsten electrode and a welding wire in the method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a layout of a weld of a stainless steel pool in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of parameters of a butt weld groove of a stainless steel cladding panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a welding track and automated welding carriage installation;
FIG. 10 is a top view of a welding track and automated welding carriage;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of the automated welding carriage.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
the invention discloses a method for constructing a double-tungsten-electrode hot wire TIG automatic welding of a stainless steel pool of a nuclear power station, which adopts double-tungsten-electrode automatic welding equipment, in particular to a high-efficiency TIG welding gun (also called a welding torch) with double tungsten electrodes and hot wires. In the double-tungsten automatic welding equipment, a second tungsten electrode (a slave tungsten electrode), a first tungsten electrode (a master tungsten electrode) and welding wires are sequentially arranged along the welding direction, the tip of the first tungsten electrode is perpendicular to the plane of a stainless steel plate to be welded by adjusting the inclination angles of the two tungsten electrodes and the welding wires, the tip of the second tungsten electrode is inclined towards the welding direction, and the tip of the welding wires is inclined towards the opposite direction of the welding direction, as shown in fig. 5. In the welding process, the first tungsten electrode and the second tungsten electrode work cooperatively and move together with the welding wire along with the whole welding gun synchronously, the welding wire is continuously and stably fed into a molten pool, and under the action of high heat input quantity and low arc pressure of the double tungsten electrodes, even if a high-speed swing welding process is adopted at the flat welding, transverse welding and vertical welding positions, the fusion of the side walls can be ensured, so that the welding quality and efficiency are improved.
The method of the present invention will be further described with reference to butt welding of stainless steel cladding panels (including wall panels and bottom panels) of a stainless steel pool of a nuclear power plant.
When the stainless steel cladding board is assembled on site, the length of one vertical seam is about 6m, the installation of the stainless steel cladding board on one side wall is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the welding internal stress is counteracted during welding, the wall surface welding seam is prevented from being pulled to collapse, all the vertical seams on the other side wall need to be welded at the same time, and transverse seam welding is performed after the vertical seam welding is completed. A specific weld layout is shown in fig. 6. The stainless steel cladding plate to be welded is a 304L stainless steel plate with the thickness of 3-6 mm, the V-shaped groove angle between the butted stainless steel plate bodies is 0-60 degrees, and the blunt edge is required to be 0mm, as shown in figure 7.
The process flow chart of the method of the embodiment is shown in fig. 8, and mainly comprises the following steps:
step one: polishing a groove of the stainless steel cladding plate;
step two: cleaning a stainless steel cladding plate and a backing plate;
step three: the stainless steel cladding panel group is used for integrally checking the front groove;
step four: the stainless steel cladding plates are reworked and hoisted for assembly;
step five: sealing the assembled rear welding seams;
step six: determining a welding sequence and planning equipment hoisting points;
step seven: positioning double tungsten electrode automatic welding equipment;
step eight: brushing and cleaning welding seams before welding;
step nine: installing a welding track and a trolley;
step ten: checking a welding device and a welding gun cable winding displacement;
step eleven: angle adjustment of a welding gun and a tungsten electrode, and welding process selection;
step twelve: checking the function of a welding power supply and the gas flow;
step thirteen: welding a stainless steel cladding plate;
step fourteen: cleaning welded seams and finishing equipment tools;
fifteen steps: and (5) brushing and nondestructive testing of welding seams.
In the above process, the gist of each step is as follows.
Step one: groove processing of stainless steel cladding plate
According to the technological requirements, the facing plate needs to be subjected to groove processing before assembly, and is limited by the field polishing space, so that the groove is easy to damage, and the groove needs to be processed when a workshop is prefabricated. After the cladding board is transported to the site, the positions of the break openings need to be polished before hoisting under the conditions of damaged transportation grooves, nonstandard groove angles and blunt edges. Before lifting, a special person needs to check whether the bevel edge is qualified or not, a reverse bevel and an interlayer cannot be formed, and if the bevel edge exists, a polishing machine needs to be further used for polishing and polishing.
Step two: stainless steel cladding board and pad cleaning
The covering panel is wiped by acetone (ethanol) after being polished before assembly, so that the cleanliness is ensured, the protective film on the front side is removed by 8cm along the edge, the protective film is pulled up during cutting, and the protective film is cut off along the parallel direction of the stainless steel plate surface by a knife.
Step four: stainless steel cladding panel is transported and hoist and mount group is to
The prefabricated cladding board in the workshop is reworked and positioned, and is installed by utilizing a crane or a self-made lifting system (whether a welded lifting lug is arranged in the middle of the cladding board or not in the prefabrication process of the workshop is checked before lifting so as to ensure that the cladding board is stable after lifting, and the installation is convenient), a corner board is installed firstly when the cladding board is installed, then a flat cladding board is installed, the flat wall cladding is installed from bottom to top and from the middle to two sides, and the narrow wall is sequentially arranged from right to left or from left to right. The assembly gaps of the vertical seams and the horizontal seams of the stainless steel cladding are controlled to be 4-10 mm, after the wallboard is adjusted in place, the integral welding seam adjustment before assembly is needed, the tight combination of the cladding board and the cushion material is ensured during assembly, and the cladding board is propped up by a batten during spot welding. When the jack auxiliary assembly is adopted, and no gap exists between the panel and the cushion, a batten is needed to be blocked between the jack and the cladding panel so as to prevent the cladding panel from being scratched.
Step five: assembled back weld seal
And after the facing plate assembly is completed, the welding seam position is sealed by a protective film, so that foreign matters are prevented from falling into a welding seam gap.
Step six: welding sequence determination and equipment hoisting point planning
In order to reduce deformation of the steel cladding plate and reduce welding residual stress, a vertical seam is welded firstly on one wall, then a transverse seam is welded, a plurality of vertical seams are required to be synchronously welded according to the same welding length and the same welding direction by using a plurality of automatic welding equipment, namely, the same wall is subjected to bottom-up sectional welding in the vertical seam welding process, the sectional length is about 2000mm, according to the wall position, the cable length of a welding gun is combined, the equipment lifting is carried out by combining the welding construction time to select the least equipment moving position as much as possible, the equipment placing position is planned in advance, and then the equipment lifting is carried out in place.
Step seven: double tungsten electrode automatic welding equipment in place
After the position of the double-tungsten electrode automatic welding equipment is planned, equipment hoisting is carried out, the high-efficiency (double-tungsten electrode and hot wire) TIG automatic welding equipment of the nuclear power station is formed by a welding machine, a hot wire power supply, a control cabinet, a wired remote controller, a welding trolley, a double-tungsten electrode welding gun, a flexible vacuum adsorption type track and a negative pressure vacuum pump, and when the equipment is hoisted, the arrangement sequence of the combined cables is reasonably planned, and the wires are orderly arranged.
Step eight: cleaning of weld line brush before welding
Before all the weld joints are welded, the groove and two sides of the weld joints are cleaned by a stainless steel wire brush or a stainless steel wire wheel, and the weld joints are scrubbed by acetone (ethanol).
Ninth step: welding track and trolley installation
(1) Welding track installation
The bottom of the track is provided with a vacuum chuck, the integrity of the chuck is required to be checked before installation, and the track line is ensured to be free from damage and air leakage. A quick connector is arranged between the rails, and the length of one vertical seam is about 6 meters according to the welding sequence requirement of the vertical seam, so that the rails are spliced by multiple products, and the welding requirement of the length of the welding seam is met. When the rail is connected with multiple products, in order to ensure that the welding trolley is stable in running, the panels at the joint are well connected, the panels are aligned and have no wrong edges, the welding trolley is ensured to transversely adjust the welding gun to not touch the limit switch, the welding requirement is met, after the end distance is determined (the rail is ensured to be parallel to the welding seam as much as possible), the rail is adsorbed, and the anti-falling measures are required to be made at the end of the rail.
(2) Welding carriage installation
The anti-falling device is needed to be hung before the welding trolley is installed, the right clutch switch of the welding trolley is opened and then installed, as gaps exist between the upper side and the lower side of the trolley guide wheel, the trolley is easy to clamp on two sides of a track, one side is installed firstly and then the other side is installed during the installation, and the right clutch switch is locked after the installation is completed. After the trolley is installed, welding gun installation, control cable fixation and welding wire installation are carried out, and the attention is paid to ensuring that a sufficient allowance exists in the wire guide tube when the welding wire is installed, so that the welding gun position is prevented from being changed in the welding process due to the fact that the wire guide tube is installed too tightly, and the welding quality is influenced.
Step ten: welding equipment and welding gun cable flat cable inspection
The on-site welding working condition of the stainless steel pool is complex, and as the welding equipment is a double-tungsten-electrode heat source, two tungsten electrodes are divided into a first tungsten electrode and a second tungsten electrode according to the technological requirement, and the two tungsten electrodes respectively correspond to one welding machine and have different welding currents, the cable winding displacement is required to be checked in advance before welding, the correct wiring of the cable is ensured, the water loop is normal, and the quality risk of the welding joint caused by arc stopping during welding is avoided.
Step eleven: angle adjustment of welding gun and tungsten electrode and welding process selection
(1) Welding gun angle adjustment
Through adjusting and setting the position relation among the tips of the first tungsten electrode, the second tungsten electrode and the welding wire, the welding wire is continuously and stably fed into a molten pool in the welding process, and under the action of high heat input quantity and low arc pressure of the double tungsten electrodes, even if a high-speed swing welding process is adopted at the flat welding, transverse welding and vertical welding positions, the side wall fusion can be ensured, so that the welding quality and efficiency are improved, and the specific adjusting method is as follows: the first tungsten electrode is vertical to the plane of the stainless steel plate to be welded, and the welding seam is well formed in the posture; the angle between the welding wire and the first tungsten electrode is 50-70 degrees; the included angle between the first tungsten electrode and the second tungsten electrode is 25-35 degrees, and a fixed value of 30 degrees is adopted in the embodiment; the distance between the tips of the two tungsten electrodes is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm, and the positions of the glass protection nozzles (the protection gas nozzles) are needed to be paid attention to, so that the glass protection nozzles are prevented from contacting with the tungsten electrodes after being suspended tightly, and if the glass nozzles contact with the tungsten electrodes, the two tungsten electrodes are short-circuited to generate a burning phenomenon.
(2) Welding process selection
Aiming at the welding characteristics of a stainless steel pool, the embodiment develops welding processes of flat welding (PA), transverse welding (PC) and vertical welding (PF) to obtain three sets of automatic welding process parameters of stainless steel double tungsten electrodes with different positions and different plate thicknesses, and stores the parameters in a control cabinet, and before welding, a welder needs to select the corresponding welding process at a handheld end and fine-tune the parameters according to the on-site welding seam assembly condition, wherein the main steps are as follows:
priming welding, setting corresponding welding parameters, and melting the root of a welding wire and a welding line;
filling welding, namely setting corresponding welding parameters, and melting the welding wire and the side wall of the welding seam;
and (3) capping welding, namely setting corresponding welding parameters, and melting the tops of the welding wires and the welding seams.
Step twelve: welding power supply function and gas flow check
The welding power supply is checked according to the welding process requirement, the welding power supply comprises two welding machines and a hot wire power supply, the current of the hot wire power supply cannot exceed 50A, gas detection is needed before welding, firstly, the welding machines are ensured to be normal in communication, secondly, the gas flow is ensured to be sufficient, and the phenomenon that welding seams are not formed due to too small gas flow or communication errors is avoided, so that quality hidden danger is formed.
Step thirteen: stainless steel pool welding
In the embodiment, the welding process shielding gas is high-purity argon, the two paths of welding shielding gas flow are 20-25L/Min during welding, the welding machine alarms when the shielding gas flow is set to be lower than 18L/Min, and the shielding gas flow of the towing hood is 15-20L/Min.
When priming welding, filling welding and cover welding are respectively carried out, an arc starting point is positioned on an arc striking plate, 20 mm-30 mm away from the starting position of a stainless steel plate to be welded, the distance between the tip of a tungsten electrode (a first tungsten electrode and a second tungsten electrode) and the stainless steel plate to be welded is 1.5 mm-2 mm, after 8 s-15 s of pre-air supply, the first tungsten electrode (or the second tungsten electrode) is subjected to high-frequency arc starting, after the arc starting is successful, the second tungsten electrode (or the first tungsten electrode) is subjected to high-frequency arc starting at intervals of 0.5s, after the arc starting of both tungsten electrodes is successful, the current rapidly rises to main welding current, wire feeding and swinging are started after 0.1 s-2 s, and a machine head starts to walk and starts arc voltage tracking after staying for 0.1 s-2 s in place;
when priming welding is carried out, the peak current of the first tungsten electrode is as follows: 110A-160A, base current: 70A-100A, second tungsten peak current: 110A-160A, base current: 70A-100A, hot wire current: 30A-50A, welding speed: 130 mm/min-180 mm/min, wire feeding speed: 700 mm/min-1000 mm/min, and the peak current time of two tungsten electrodes: 100 ms-300 ms, base current time: 100 ms-300 ms, 180 degrees of current phase difference, a first tungsten electrode peak current arc voltage reference: 10.0v to 14.0v; swing amplitude of welding gun: 1 mm-3 mm, swing speed: 600 mm/min-1000 mm/min, and the two ends of the swing stay: and (3) carrying out current attenuation for 1 s-3 s during arc starting for 0.1 s-0.3 s, and delaying gas stopping for 10 s-15 s.
When filling welding is carried out, the first tungsten electrode peak current: 110A-160A, base current: 70A-100A, second tungsten peak current: 110A-160A, base current: 70A-100A, hot wire current: 30A-50A, welding speed: 130 mm/min-200 mm/min, wire feeding speed: 700 mm/min-1000 mm/min, and the peak current time of two tungsten electrodes: 100 ms-300 ms, base current time: 100 ms-300 ms, 180 degrees of current phase difference, a first tungsten electrode peak current arc voltage reference: 12.0v to 13.0v; swing amplitude of welding gun: 1 mm-3 mm, swing speed: 600 mm/min-1000 mm/min, and swinging the two-end residence time: and (3) delaying the gas stopping for 10 s-15 s after the current decays for 1 s-3 s in the arc starting process for 0.1 s-0.3 s.
When the cover surface welding is carried out, the first tungsten electrode peak current: 80A-150A, base current: 60A-100A, second tungsten peak current: 120A-180A, base current: 60A-100A, hot wire current: 30A-50A, welding speed: 130 mm/min-200 mm/min, wire feeding speed: 700 mm/min-1000 mm/min, peak time: 100 ms-300 ms, base time: 100 ms-300 ms, 180 degrees of current phase difference, a first tungsten electrode peak current arc voltage reference: 10.0v to 15.0v; welding gun swings when flat welding (PA) and vertical welding (PF) are used for position cover welding, and the swing amplitude is that: 4 mm-7 mm, and swinging speed: 600 mm/min-1000 mm/min, and swinging the residence time at two ends: 0.1 s-0.5 s; when the PC position is subjected to face welding, a plurality of welding processes are adopted; and during arc striking, the current decays for 1 s-3 s, and the gas stopping is delayed for 10 s-15 s.
After the welding is started, the system enters arc voltage tracking welding, the control system automatically welds according to the adjustment parameters of the handheld end, the interlayer temperature and the welding line cleaning in the welding process are strictly executed according to the technological requirements, and if the arc stopping condition occurs in the welding process, the joint needs to be sufficiently polished and brushed, so that the welding line is ensured to be clean and pollution-free, and then the welding is performed. In the welding process, the first tungsten electrode is always vertical to the welding part.
Through multiple practical verification, the welding process parameters designed by the embodiment are combined with the tungsten electrode angle design, so that the double-tungsten electrode TIG composite arc with unique energy can be formed, and the accessibility of the arc and the gas protection effect are obviously improved.
Step fourteen: cleaning welded seams and finishing equipment tools;
after welding is finished, equipment is required to be tidied and maintained, wherein the tidying comprises a welding gun, a track, a trolley, a remote controller, a welding power supply and the like (the welding track and the automatic welding trolley are in the prior art, and the description is omitted here); the remote controller needs to be powered off in time after finishing use, the Y-axis is required to be retracted after the operation is finished every day, the trolley is required to be retracted into a special placement box, a welding power supply, a control cabinet, a vacuum pump and the like need to be powered off in time, and a welder needs to detach the glass protection nozzle and the tungsten electrode on each gun handle during gun retraction, so that the protection nozzle is prevented from being broken or the gun belt is prevented from being damaged by the tungsten electrode.
Fifteen steps: post-weld cleaning and nondestructive testing
After the welding is finished, the surface of the welding seam is brushed, the appearance of the welding seam needs to be carefully checked after the surface of the welding seam is cleaned, if the undercut problem occurs, the grinding and polishing treatment needs to be timely carried out, otherwise, the grinding scratch will influence the ray detection judging result, the welding seam joint of the cover surface needs to be ground round and the thickness of the base metal needs to be reduced in the process. And after cleaning, carrying out nondestructive testing on the welding seam, including visual testing, vacuum leakage testing, penetration testing and ray testing.
Example 2:
in this embodiment, the double-tungsten electrode automatic welding apparatus preferably adopts a liquid cooling structure double-tungsten electrode welding torch of patent number 202220401851.7 filed by applicant in 2022, 02 and 28. The welding torch is internally provided with 2 tungsten electrodes which are arranged at a certain included angle, the control system integrates a master-slave two independent TIG welding power supplies to form a double-tungsten-electrode TIG composite arc with unique energy, the arc energy is the composite of the 2 welding power supplies, but the arc pressure is unchanged, the defects that the welding pool is unstable due to the fact that the current is increased and the arc voltage is also increased when single tungsten electrode welding is carried out are overcome, a hot wire current loop adjacent to a welding main loop is formed between a workpiece and a welding wire by combining a hot wire system, the welding wire is preheated by utilizing the self-resistance heat of the welding wire, the preheating energy of the welding wire and the welding arc energy are respectively and independently controlled, and therefore the welding wire melting speed can be obviously improved under the condition that the electric arc heat input is not improved, the cladding efficiency of TIG welding is comprehensively improved, the nuclear power welding quality is improved, and the labor intensity and the personnel consumption of a welder are reduced. During installation, through adjusting the whole inclination of two tungsten electrode welder for second tungsten electrode, first tungsten electrode and welding wire are arranged in order along the welding direction, and the tip of first tungsten electrode is perpendicular to wait to weld the stainless steel plate plane, and the tip of second tungsten electrode is to the welding direction slope, and the tip of welding wire is to the reverse slope of welding direction.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the invention without departing from the principles thereof are intended to be within the scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a nuclear power station stainless steel pool double tungsten electrode hot wire TIG automatic weld construction method, is implemented based on double tungsten electrode hot wire TIG welding equipment, double tungsten electrode hot wire TIG welding equipment is equipped with first tungsten electrode, second tungsten electrode and welding wire, its characterized in that:
arranging a second tungsten electrode, a first tungsten electrode and welding wires in the welding gun in sequence along a welding direction according to a certain included angle, wherein: the first tungsten electrode tip is vertical to the stainless steel cladding plate to be welded, the second tungsten electrode tip is inclined towards the welding direction, and the tip of the welding wire is inclined towards the reverse direction of the welding direction;
the included angle between the welding wire and the first tungsten electrode is 50-70 degrees;
the included angle between the second tungsten electrode and the first tungsten electrode is 25-35 degrees;
the distance between the first tungsten electrode and the tip of the second tungsten electrode is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm;
during welding, the distance between the tips of the first tungsten electrode and the second tungsten electrode is 1.5 mm-2 mm from the stainless steel cladding panel to be welded;
the welding process comprises a backing welding step, a filling welding step and a cover surface welding step;
the technological parameters of the priming welding step are set as follows:
first tungsten peak current: 110A-160A, base current: 70A-100A, second tungsten peak current: 110A-160A, base current: 70A-100A, hot wire current: 30A-50A, welding speed: 130 mm/min-180 mm/min, wire feeding speed: 700 mm/min-1000 mm/min, and the peak current time of two tungsten electrodes: 100 ms-300 ms, base current time: 100 ms-300 ms, 180 degrees of current phase difference, a first tungsten electrode peak current arc voltage reference: 10.0v to 14.0v; swing amplitude of welding gun: 1 mm-3 mm, swing speed: 600 mm/min-1000 mm/min, and the two ends of the swing stay: 0.1 to 0.3s, current decays for 1 to 3s during arc starting, and gas stopping is delayed for 10 to 15s;
the technological parameters of the filling welding step are set as follows:
first tungsten peak current: 110A-160A, base current: 70A-100A, second tungsten peak current: 110A-160A, base current: 70A-100A, hot wire current: 30A-50A, welding speed: 130 mm/min-200 mm/min, wire feeding speed: 700 mm/min-1000 mm/min, and the peak current time of two tungsten electrodes: 100 ms-300 ms, base current time: 100 ms-300 ms, 180 degrees of current phase difference, a first tungsten electrode peak current arc voltage reference: 12.0v to 13.0v; swing amplitude of welding gun: 1 mm-3 mm, swing speed: 600 mm/min-1000 mm/min, and swinging the two-end residence time: 0.1 to 0.3s, and delaying the gas stopping for 10 to 15s when the current decays for 1 to 3s during arc starting;
the technological parameters of the cover surface welding step are set as follows:
first tungsten peak current: 80A-150A, base current: 60A-100A, second tungsten peak current: 120A-180A, base current: 60A-100A, hot wire current: 30A-50A, welding speed: 130 mm/min-200 mm/min, wire feeding speed: 700 mm/min-1000 mm/min, and the peak current time of two tungsten electrodes: 100 ms-300 ms, base current time: 100 ms-300 ms, 180 degrees of current phase difference, a first tungsten electrode peak current arc voltage reference: 10.0v to 15.0v; during surface welding at the flat welding position and the vertical welding position, the welding gun swings, and the swing amplitude is equal to that of the welding gun: 4 mm-7 mm, and swinging speed: 600 mm/min-1000 mm/min, and swinging the residence time at two ends: 0.1 s-0.5 s; in the case of face welding at the transverse welding position, a plurality of welding processes are adopted; and when the welding gun is in arc, the current is attenuated for 1-3 s, and the gas is stopped for 10-15 s in a delayed mode.
2. The automatic welding construction method for the double tungsten electrode hot wire TIG of the stainless steel pool of the nuclear power station, which is disclosed by claim 1, is characterized in that:
during welding, the arc starting point is positioned on the arc starting plate, 20 mm-30 mm away from the starting position of the stainless steel cladding plate to be welded, the first tungsten electrode/the second tungsten electrode are subjected to extremely high-frequency arc starting after 8 s-15 s of pre-gas supply, the second tungsten electrode/the first tungsten electrode are subjected to high-frequency arc starting after 0.5s of interval after the arc starting is successful, the control current is quickly increased to the main welding current after the two tungsten electrodes are subjected to the arc starting successfully, wire feeding and swinging are started after 0.1 s-2 s, and the machine head starts to walk and starts arc voltage tracking after staying in place for 0.1 s-2 s.
3. The automatic welding construction method for the double tungsten electrode hot wire TIG of the stainless steel pool of the nuclear power station, which is disclosed by claim 1, is characterized in that:
the stainless steel cladding panel is 304L stainless steel with the thickness of 3-6 mm, the bevel angle is 0-60 degrees, the blunt edge requirement is 0mm, and the pairing gaps are controlled to be 4-10 mm.
4. The automatic welding construction method for the double-tungsten-electrode hot wire TIG of the stainless steel pool of the nuclear power station, which is characterized in that:
the welding wire was selected from ER308L stainless steel welding wire with a gauge of 1.2 mm.
5. A nuclear power station stainless steel pool double tungsten electrode hot wire TIG automatic welding construction method according to any one of claims 1-3, comprising the steps of:
step one: polishing a groove of the stainless steel cladding plate;
step two: cleaning a stainless steel cladding plate and a backing plate;
step three: the stainless steel cladding panel group is used for integrally checking the front groove;
step four: the stainless steel cladding plates are reworked and hoisted for assembly;
step five: sealing the assembled rear welding seams;
step six: determining a welding sequence and planning equipment hoisting points;
step seven: positioning double tungsten electrode automatic welding equipment;
step eight: brushing and cleaning welding seams before welding;
step nine: installing a welding track and a trolley;
step ten: checking a welding device and a welding gun cable winding displacement;
step eleven: welding gun and tungsten electrode angle adjustment and welding process selection;
step twelve: checking the function of a welding power supply and the gas flow;
step thirteen: welding a stainless steel cladding plate;
step fourteen: cleaning welded seams and finishing equipment tools;
fifteen steps: and (5) brushing and nondestructive testing of welding seams.
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