CN115039631A - Planting method of green fine grapes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method of green fine grapes, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting an address; (2) deeply ploughing and soil preparation, (3) field planting, (4) building a shed frame: (5) daily management: the method comprises the steps of A, irrigation management, B, fertilization management, C, weeding management, D, trimming and shaping, and E, ear management; (6) shaping and trimming; the planting method of the green fine grapes provided by the invention starts from grape planting address selection to grape fruit bearing maturity, achieves the control purpose by creating an environment which is not beneficial to generation of diseases and pests on the basis of keeping the balance of an agricultural ecological system, and achieves the planting purpose of the green fine grapes by using natural fertilizers and planting and receiving according to natural gas conservation.

Description

Planting method of green fine grapes

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of grape planting, in particular to a planting method of green fine grapes.

Background

The safe and pollution-free food in China is divided into three different standards of pollution-free food, green food and organic food. The green food is safe, high-quality and nutrient food which complies with the principle of sustainable development, is determined by special institutions according to a specific production mode, has the production area and products which are detected to meet the quality requirement of the green food, and permits the use of green food marks without pollution. The green food is based on pollution-free production, and strict regulations are further provided for the production area environment, the production process, the post-partum treatment and the like, so that the production area is not polluted, the product quality is safer, and the safety monitoring of the whole process from the production area to the dining table production is realized.

Along with the improvement of living standard of people, high-quality safe agricultural products are popular with consumers in the market, high-quality pollution-free grapes and grape wine thereof are popular in the market, and the vigorous development of pollution-free green organic grapes has great significance for increasing the income of farmers, meeting market demands and improving agricultural ecological environment.

Applying for grape green food authentication, not only needs to strictly manage aspects such as grape production place environment, production process and postpartum treatment, but also needs to strictly control in the production process so as to enable the produced grapes to achieve the purpose of green fine grapes. The prior art provides requirements of green foods, but the detailed planting management technology of green fine grapes still has no detailed technical specifications.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a planting method of green fine grapes, aiming at the problem that no detailed and specific planting technical specification exists for green food-grade grapes in the prior art.

The invention discloses a planting method of green fine grapes, which comprises the following steps:

(1) site selection: selecting sandy soil with good ecological environment, no pollution source in the producing area and upstream of the upwind and irrigation water source, deep soil layer and good drainage, wherein the pH value of the soil is 6.0-8.0, and the salt content is less than or equal to 18%;

(2) deeply ploughing and leveling land: preparing soil at the beginning of 11 months, deeply turning downwards by 40-60cm, and applying a base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is fermented chicken manure or sheep manure or other organic fertilizers, and the fertilizer application amount is as follows: 1500-;

(3) planting: deeply ploughing soil, watering and irrigating, ditching and planting when the soil water content is appropriate, wherein the ditching depth is 40-60cm, the width is 40-60cm, the row spacing between two ditches is 2.0-3.0m, and the planting plant spacing is 1.5-2.5 m; soaking the seedlings in water for 20-30h before field planting, taking care to protect the seedling roots during field planting, evenly distributing the seedling roots in a field planting pit, covering 1/2-2/3 soil on each seedling in a row of ditches during field planting, irrigating after field planting of the whole ditches, covering the whole ditches with soil and combining the ditches after underwater infiltration, and covering with a mulching film;

(4) erecting a shed frame: setting up a T-shaped shed frame 1.5-2.0m away from the ground, fixing by using a reinforced concrete column and iron wires, and sequentially drawing 3-4 iron wires from bottom to top, wherein the interval between two adjacent iron wires is 40-50 cm;

(5) daily management:

A. and (3) irrigation management: watering once after the grapes come out of the soil and before sprouting, watering once before blooming, watering once during the growth period of the berries, stopping watering 20-25 days before the berries are harvested, and watering once by combining with base fertilizer application after the berries are harvested and before burying the grapes in the soil;

B. fertilization management: the fertilization is carried out according to the requirements of 'green food fertilizer use criteria'; applying the base fertilizer along with the soil preparation and deep ploughing according to the step (2); performing additional fertilization in the full bearing period, and performing the additional fertilization in a mode of organic nutrient fertilizer and green manure according to the soil and leaf analysis result;

C. weeding management: weeding is carried out by adopting an artificial weeding mode;

D. trimming and shaping: after the grape sprouts, removing double sprouts, weak tips, basal sprouts, overgrown tips and over-dense tips, fixing branches of 15-20cm, and removing other sprouts; when the new tips grow to 40-50cm, binding the new tips to iron wires on the frame surface, and gradually binding the new tips to the shed frame along with the growth of the new tips, wherein the distance between the new tips is uniform; pinching the fruit branches 4-5 days before flowering. Leaving 6-8 leaves above the cluster, and removing the minor tips below the cluster from the base;

E. and (3) fruit ear management: after the plant grows until the inflorescence grows out, the inflorescence can be thinned, the strong fruit branch is kept with 2 ears, the general fruit branch is kept with 1 ear, and the weak and thin fruit branch is removed; cutting ear tips and shaping ears one week before flowering, cutting off 1/4-1/5 of inflorescence length, and removing side ears; removing small fruit grains and dense fruit grains 15-20 days after blooming, reserving 30-40 fruit grains for large fruit grain varieties, and reserving 60-100 fruit grains for small fruit grains; after the fruits grow to 6 months and before 7 months, bagging the grapes, and spraying an insecticidal bactericide once before bagging; removing bags from the fruits one week before the fruits are ripe, or removing bags after harvesting;

(6) shaping and trimming: after harvesting and before dormancy, the grapes are trimmed, according to the load of bud eyes, long-tip trimming is adopted for the grapes which grow vigorously, medium-short-tip trimming is adopted for the grapes which grow vigorously and the grapes grow in the weaker direction, and the safe overwintering and fruit-bearing rate of the grapes in the 2 nd year are guaranteed.

The planting method of the green fine grapes provided by the invention starts from grape planting address selection to grape fruit bearing maturity, achieves the control purpose by creating an environment which is not beneficial to generation of diseases and pests on the basis of keeping the balance of an agricultural ecological system, and achieves the planting purpose of the green fine grapes by using natural fertilizers and planting and receiving according to natural gas conservation.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The planting method of the green fine grapes in the embodiment comprises the following steps:

(1) site selection: selecting sandy soil which has good ecological environment, no pollution source in the producing area and upstream of the upwind and irrigation water source, deep soil layer and good drainage, wherein the pH value of the soil is 7.0, and the salt content is less than or equal to 18 percent;

(2) deeply ploughing and leveling land: preparing soil at the beginning of 11 months, turning downwards deeply by 50cm, and applying a base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is fermented chicken manure or sheep manure or other organic fertilizers, and the fertilizer application amount is as follows: 2000 kg/mu, watering and irrigating once after deep ploughing;

(3) planting: deeply plowing and preparing land, watering and irrigating, ditching and planting when the water content of soil is appropriate, wherein the ditching depth is 50cm, the ditching width is 50cm, the row spacing between two ditches is 2.5m, and the planting plant spacing is 2.0 m; soaking the seedlings in water for 25 hours before field planting, taking care to protect the seedling roots during field planting, enabling the seedling roots to be evenly distributed in field planting pits, covering 2/3 soil on each seedling in a row of ditches during field planting, irrigating after field planting of the whole ditches, covering the whole ditches with soil and combining the ditches after underwater infiltration, and covering with mulching films;

(4) erecting a shed frame: erecting a T-shaped shed frame 1.7m away from the ground, fixing by using a reinforced concrete column and iron wires, and sequentially drawing 3.5 iron wires from bottom to top, wherein the interval between two adjacent iron wires is 45 cm;

(5) daily management:

A. and (3) irrigation management: watering once after the grapes come out of the soil and before sprouting, watering once before blooming, watering once in the growth period of the berries, stopping watering 22 days before the berries are harvested, and watering once by combining with base fertilizer application after the berries are harvested and before burying the grapes in the soil;

B. fertilization management: the fertilization is carried out according to the requirements of 'green food fertilizer use criteria'; applying the base fertilizer along with the soil preparation and deep ploughing according to the step (2); performing additional fertilization in the full bearing period, and performing the additional fertilization in a mode of organic nutrient fertilizer and green manure according to the soil and leaf analysis result;

C. weeding management: weeding is carried out by adopting an artificial weeding mode;

D. trimming and shaping: after the grape sprouts, removing double sprouts, weak tips, basal sprouts, overgrown tips and over-dense tips, fixing branches at 17cm, and removing other sprouts; when the new tip grows to 45cm, tying the new tip to iron wires on the frame surface, and gradually tying the new tip to the shed frame along with the growth of the new tip, wherein the distance between the new tips is uniform; the fruit branches are pinched 4 days before flowering. 7 leaves are left above the cluster, and the minor tips below the cluster are removed from the base;

E. and (3) fruit ear management: after the plant grows until the inflorescence grows out, the inflorescence can be thinned, the strong fruit branch is kept with 2 ears, the general fruit branch is kept with 1 ear, and the weak and thin fruit branch is removed; cutting the ear tip and shaping the fruit cluster one week before flowering, cutting 1/5 with the length of the inflorescence, and removing the side cluster; removing small fruit grains and dense fruit grains 17 days after blooming, reserving 30-40 fruit grains for large fruit grain varieties, and reserving 70-90 fruit grains for small fruit grains; after the fruits grow to 6 months and before 7 months, bagging the grapes, and spraying an insecticidal bactericide once before bagging; removing bags from the fruits one week before the fruits are ripe, or removing bags after harvesting;

(6) shaping and trimming: after harvesting, before dormancy, the grapes are trimmed, according to the load of bud eyes, long-tip trimming is adopted for vigorous growth, medium-short-tip trimming is adopted for weaker grapes, and the grape fruit bearing rate in winter and 2 nd year is guaranteed.

Example 2

A planting method of green fine grapes comprises the following steps:

(1) site selection: selecting sandy soil which has good ecological environment, no pollution source in the producing area and upstream of the upwind and irrigation water source, deep soil layer and good drainage, wherein the pH value of the soil is 6.0, and the salt content is less than or equal to 18 percent;

(2) deeply ploughing and leveling soil: preparing soil at the beginning of 11 months, turning downwards deeply by 40cm, and applying a base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is fermented chicken manure or sheep manure or other organic fertilizers, and the fertilizer application amount is as follows: 1500 kg/mu, watering and irrigating once after deep ploughing;

(3) planting: deeply plowing and preparing land, watering and irrigating, ditching and planting when the water content of soil is appropriate, wherein the ditching depth is 40cm, the ditching width is 40cm, the row spacing between two ditches is 2.0m, and the planting plant spacing is 2.5 m; soaking the seedlings in water for 30 hours before field planting, taking care to protect the seedling roots during field planting, enabling the seedling roots to be evenly distributed in field planting pits, covering 1/2 soil on each seedling in a row of ditches during field planting, irrigating after field planting of the whole ditches, covering the whole ditches with soil and combining the ditches after underwater infiltration, and covering with mulching films;

(4) erecting a shed frame: erecting a T-shaped shed frame 2.0m high away from the ground, fixing by using a reinforced concrete column and iron wires, and sequentially drawing 4 iron wires from bottom to top, wherein the interval between every two adjacent iron wires is 40 cm;

(5) daily management:

A. and (3) irrigation management: irrigating once after the grapes come out of the soil and before germination, irrigating once before blooming, irrigating once in the growth period of the berries, stopping irrigating 25 days before the berries are harvested, and irrigating once by combining base fertilizer application after the berries are harvested and before burying the soil;

B. fertilization management: the fertilization is carried out according to the requirements of 'green food fertilizer use criteria'; applying the base fertilizer along with the soil preparation and deep ploughing according to the step (2); topdressing is carried out in the full-bearing period, and according to the analysis result of soil and leaves, topdressing is carried out in a mode of organic nutrient fertilizer and green manure;

C. weeding management: weeding is carried out by adopting an artificial weeding mode;

D. trimming and shaping: after the grape sprouts, removing double sprouts, weak tips, basal sprouts, overgrown tips and over-dense tips, fixing branches by 20cm, and removing other sprouts; when the new tip grows to 40cm, binding the new tip to an iron wire on the surface of the frame, and gradually binding the new tip to the shed frame along with the growth of the new tip, wherein the distance between the new tip and the shed frame is uniform; the fruit branches are pinched 5 days before flowering. Leaving 6 leaves above the cluster, and removing the minor tips below the cluster from the base;

E. and (3) fruit ear management: after the plant grows until the inflorescence grows out, the inflorescence can be thinned, the strong fruit branch is kept with 2 ears, the general fruit branch is kept with 1 ear, and the weak and thin fruit branch is removed; cutting the ear tip and shaping the fruit cluster one week before flowering, cutting 1/5 with the length of the inflorescence, and removing the side cluster; removing small fruit grains and dense fruit grains 20 days after blooming, reserving 30-40 fruit grains for large fruit grain varieties and 60-80 fruit grains for small fruit grains; after the fruits grow to 6 months and before 7 months, bagging the grapes, and spraying an insecticidal bactericide once before bagging; removing bags from the fruits one week before the fruits are ripe, or removing bags after harvesting;

(6) shaping and trimming: after harvesting, before dormancy, the grapes are trimmed, according to the load of bud eyes, long-tip trimming is adopted for vigorous growth, medium-short-tip trimming is adopted for weaker grapes, and the grape fruit bearing rate in winter and 2 nd year is guaranteed.

Example 3

A planting method of green fine grapes comprises the following steps:

(1) site selection: selecting sandy soil which has good ecological environment, no pollution source in the producing area and upstream of the upwind and irrigation water source, deep soil layer and good drainage, wherein the pH value of the soil is 8.0, and the salt content is less than or equal to 18 percent;

(2) deeply ploughing and leveling soil: preparing soil at the beginning of 11 months, turning the soil downwards for 60cm deeply, and applying a base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is fermented chicken manure or sheep manure or other organic fertilizers, and the fertilizing amount is as follows: 2500 kg/mu, watering and irrigating once after deep ploughing;

(3) planting: deeply plowing and preparing land, watering and irrigating, ditching and planting when the water content of soil is appropriate, wherein the ditching depth is 60cm, the ditching width is 60cm, the row spacing between two ditches is 3.0m, and the planting plant spacing is 1.5 m; soaking the seedlings in water for 20 hours before field planting, taking care to protect the seedling roots during field planting, enabling the seedling roots to be evenly distributed in field planting pits, covering 1/2 soil on each seedling in a row of ditches during field planting, irrigating after field planting of the whole ditches, covering the whole ditches with soil and combining the ditches after underwater infiltration, and covering with mulching films;

(4) erecting a shed frame: erecting a T-shaped shed frame 2.0m away from the ground, fixing by using a reinforced concrete column and iron wires, and sequentially drawing 3 iron wires from bottom to top, wherein the interval between every two adjacent iron wires is 50 cm;

(5) daily management:

A. and (3) irrigation management: irrigating once after the grapes come out of the soil and before germination, irrigating once before blooming, irrigating once in the growth period of the berries, stopping irrigating 25 days before the berries are harvested, and irrigating once by combining base fertilizer application after the berries are harvested and before burying the soil;

B. fertilization management: the fertilization is carried out according to the requirements of 'green food fertilizer use criteria'; applying the base fertilizer along with the soil preparation and deep ploughing according to the step (2); topdressing is carried out in the full-bearing period, and according to the analysis result of soil and leaves, topdressing is carried out in a mode of organic nutrient fertilizer and green manure;

C. weeding management: weeding is carried out in an artificial weeding mode;

D. trimming and shaping: after the grape sprouts, removing double sprouts, weak tips, basal sprouts, overgrown tips and over dense tips, fixing branches by 15cm, and removing other sprouts; when the new tips grow to 50cm, binding the new tips to iron wires on the frame surface, and gradually binding the new tips to the shed frame along with the growth of the new tips, wherein the distance between the new tips is uniform; pinching the fruit branches 4 days before flowering. 7 leaves are left above the cluster, and the minor tips below the cluster are removed from the base;

E. and (3) fruit ear management: after the plant grows until the inflorescence grows out, the inflorescence can be thinned, the strong fruit branch is kept with 2 ears, the general fruit branch is kept with 1 ear, and the weak and thin fruit branch is removed; cutting the ear tip and shaping the fruit cluster one week before flowering, cutting 1/5 with the length of the inflorescence, and removing the side cluster; removing small fruit grains and dense fruit grains 15 days after blooming, reserving 30-40 fruit grains for large fruit grain varieties and 80-100 fruit grains for small fruit grains; after the fruits grow to 6 months and before 7 months, bagging the grapes, and spraying an insecticidal bactericide once before bagging; removing bags from the fruits one week before the fruits are ripe, or removing bags after harvesting;

(6) shaping and trimming: after harvesting, before dormancy, the grapes are trimmed, according to the load of bud eyes, long-tip trimming is adopted for vigorous growth, medium-short-tip trimming is adopted for weaker grapes, and the grape fruit bearing rate in winter and 2 nd year is guaranteed.

The above-described embodiments are merely exemplary for the purpose of explaining the present invention in claims, and do not limit the present invention in any way, and any equivalent changes, enlargements or reductions made by anyone under the principle of the claims of the present invention should be considered to fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A method for planting green fine grapes is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) site selection: selecting sandy soil with good ecological environment, no pollution source in the producing area and upstream of the upwind and irrigation water source, deep soil layer and good drainage, wherein the pH value of the soil is 6.0-8.0, and the salt content is less than or equal to 18%;

(2) deeply ploughing and leveling soil: preparing soil at the beginning of 11 months, deeply turning downwards by 40-60cm, and applying a base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is fermented chicken manure or sheep manure or other organic fertilizers, and the fertilizer application amount is as follows: 1500-;

(3) planting: deeply ploughing soil, watering and irrigating, ditching and planting when the soil water content is appropriate, wherein the ditching depth is 40-60cm, the width is 40-60cm, the row spacing between two ditches is 2.0-3.0m, and the planting plant spacing is 1.5-2.5 m; soaking the seedlings in water for 20-30h before field planting, taking care to protect the seedling roots during field planting, evenly distributing the seedling roots in a field planting pit, covering 1/2-2/3 soil on each seedling in a row of ditches during field planting, irrigating after field planting of the whole ditches, covering the whole ditches with soil and combining the ditches after underwater infiltration, and covering with a mulching film;

(4) erecting a shed frame: setting up a T-shaped shed frame 1.5-2.0m away from the ground, fixing by using a reinforced concrete column and iron wires, and sequentially drawing 3-4 iron wires from bottom to top, wherein the interval between two adjacent iron wires is 40-50 cm;

(5) daily management:

A. and (3) irrigation management: watering once after the grapes come out of the soil and before sprouting, watering once before blooming, watering once during the growth period of the berries, stopping watering 20-25 days before the berries are harvested, and watering once by combining with base fertilizer application after the berries are harvested and before burying the grapes in the soil;

B. fertilization management: the fertilization is carried out according to the requirements of 'green food fertilizer use criteria'; applying the base fertilizer along with the soil preparation and deep ploughing according to the step (2); topdressing is carried out in the full-bearing period, and according to the analysis result of soil and leaves, topdressing is carried out in a mode of organic nutrient fertilizer and green manure;

C. weeding management: weeding is carried out by adopting an artificial weeding mode;

D. trimming and shaping: after the grape sprouts, removing double sprouts, weak tips, basal sprouts, overgrown tips and over-dense tips, fixing branches of 15-20cm, and removing other sprouts; when the new tips grow to 40-50cm, binding the new tips to iron wires on the frame surface, and gradually binding the new tips to the shed frame along with the growth of the new tips, wherein the distance between the new tips is uniform; picking off the core of the fruit branch 4-5 days before blooming, leaving 6-8 leaves above the fruit cluster, and removing the minor tips below the fruit cluster from the base;

E. and (3) fruit ear management: after the plant grows until the inflorescence grows out, the inflorescence can be thinned, the strong fruit branch is kept with 2 ears, the general fruit branch is kept with 1 ear, and the weak and thin fruit branch is removed; pinching ear tips and shaping ears one week before flowering, pinching off 1/4-1/5 of inflorescence length, and removing side ears; removing small fruit grains and dense fruit grains 15-20 days after blooming, reserving 30-40 fruit grains for large fruit grain varieties, and reserving 60-100 fruit grains for small fruit grains; after the fruits grow to 6 months and before 7 months, bagging the grapes, and spraying an insecticidal bactericide once before bagging; removing bags from the fruits one week before the fruits are ripe, or removing bags after harvesting;

(6) shaping and trimming: after harvesting, before dormancy, the grapes are trimmed, according to the load of bud eyes, long-tip trimming is adopted for vigorous growth, medium-short-tip trimming is adopted for weaker grapes, and the grape fruit bearing rate in winter and 2 nd year is guaranteed.