CN115039627A

CN115039627A - Rapid seedling raising method for salt-tolerant mangrove nursery stock

Info

Publication number: CN115039627A
Application number: CN202210817214.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 丁功桃; 何克宏; 陈蔚; 丁萍兴; 吴文杰; 吴文豪
Original assignee: Guangdong Zhuhai Qi'ao Dangan Island Provincial Nature Reserve Management Office; Zhuhai Xinya Landscaping Engineering Co ltd
Current assignee: Guangdong Zhuhai Qi'ao Dangan Island Provincial Nature Reserve Management Office; Zhuhai Xinya Landscaping Engineering Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-07-12
Filing date: 2022-07-12
Publication date: 2022-09-13
Anticipated expiration: 2042-07-12
Also published as: CN115039627B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tree seed culture, in particular to a rapid seedling culture method for salt-tolerant mangrove seedlings. The invention adopts natural seawater and natural fresh water, controls the salinity and the flooding time in the nursery garden by controlling the introduced water quantity and the proportion, and ensures the growth of the saplings. The invention adopts the matching of the coated slow release fertilizer and the flooding time, is beneficial to the absorption of the saplings and promotes the healthy and rapid growth of the saplings. The invention adopts various methods to control the damage of parasites, germs and sessile organisms to the saplings.

Description

Rapid seedling raising method for salt-tolerant mangrove nursery stock

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tree seed culture, in particular to a rapid seedling culture method for salt-tolerant mangrove nursery stocks.

Background

Mangrove (Mangrove) refers to a woody plant community of a fond hot beach which is mainly distributed in the intertidal zone of a tropical or subtropical low-energy coast or at the entrance of a river and originated from the tropical coast. Mangrove forest can provide the fields of foraging, inhabitation, production and reproduction for marine animals, provides the overwintering field and the migration transfer station for migratory birds, and has various irreplaceable ecological functions of preventing wind and waves, promoting siltation, protecting beaches, fixing banks and protecting dikes, and purifying seawater and air. Naturally occurring real mangrove species in Guangdong province include mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata), Terminalia sanguinea (Rhizophora stylosa) of mangrove genus in the family mangrove; bruguiera gymnorrhiza (Bruguiera gymnnorrrhiza); kalimeris okra (Kenaelia obovat), Katsumada (Ceriops tagal); morus alba (Sonneratia caseolaris), Morus amabilis (Sonneratia apetala) of the genus Morus of the family Moraceae; aegiceras corniculatum (Aegiceras corniculatum) of genus Tung of family Myrsinaceae; avicennia marina (Aricenna marina) of the genus Avicennia of the family Verbenaceae; euphorbiaceae, genus euphorbia (eccaria aurallocha); melia azedarach (Xylocarpus grantum) belonging to the genus Melia of the family Meliaceae; terminalia olea (Lumnitzer racemosa) of Terminalia of Combretaceae. Naturally occurring species of the semi-mangrove in Guangdong province include pittosporum tobira, Queensland (Jasminum sambac), Poplar leaf, shrubalthea (Gossypium barbarum), silver leaf, and the like.

Mangrove forest grows in tidal flooding coastal beaches of sea water, different mangrove forest species have different adaptability to the sea water flooding time, the daily flooding time is about 6-12 hours usually, meanwhile, the mangrove seedling grows in response to the salinity of the sea water differently, the salt tolerance range is about 1 per thousand-3 per thousand, usually, low salinity (about 1 per thousand-10 per thousand) promotes the growth, high salinity (20 per thousand-30 per thousand) inhibits the growth. The mangrove seedlings in the low salinity area grow faster, can reach the outplanting requirement in about 1-1.5 years, but the mangrove seedlings planted in the middle and high salinity area are affected by the salinity of seawater, and the survival rate is extremely low; the high salinity area is inhibited by salinity, and the requirement of the nursery stock specification can be met by a cultivation method of about 3-5 years, so how to quickly cultivate salt-tolerant mangrove nursery stocks becomes a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently in the current mangrove forestation in the high salinity area in seawater.

CN202011598528.5 discloses a method for reforming a coastal culture pond into a mangrove forest and a nursery, and the method can reform the culture pond in situ and directly supply mangrove forest seedlings required for pond withdrawal and forest return to the periphery; reduce the long-distance purchase transportation cost and loss. Compared with open water areas of coastal beaches, the nursery can ensure that the nutrient solution can be retained in the nursery for enough time through a water control measure, is favorable for mangrove plants to absorb, and promotes healthy and rapid growth of seedlings. However, the method does not control the flooding time, the flooding height and the salinity, so that the survival rate of the red saplings still has a large promotion space.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a quick seedling raising method of a salt-tolerant mangrove seedling; aims to adopt a plurality of different means to ensure the rapid cultivation of mangrove seedlings.

A method for quickly culturing the seedlings of salt-tolerant mangrove forest includes such steps as,

(1) site selection: selecting an offshore beach area which is flooded by natural tide and has 15-25 per mill of seawater salinity, and an area which is near a fresh water river;

(2) building a dike: enclosing dikes around the nursery, wherein the height of the enclosing dikes is 30-40cm higher than the highest tide level of the flood; building a sluice between the ocean and the nursery garden, and building a sluice between the fresh water river and the nursery garden;

(3) land preparation: laying the beach surface of the nursery garden into a step-shaped ridge which is vertical to the coastline direction and gradually reduces the height; the height difference of each level of ridge is 15cm-25cm, and the ridge is divided into 2-3 levels;

(4) planting the nursery stock: the seeds collected in the mature period of the mangrove forest are planted in the seedling bags, the matrix in the seedling bags is coastal beach soil, and the sand content of the coastal beach soil is less than or equal to 40 percent;

planting the seedlings of the previous year on the outermost periphery of the nursery;

(5) irrigation: opening the seawater sluice gate and closing the fresh water diversion sluice gate during the period of heavy tide each time; opening the seawater sluice gate during each small tide, closing the seawater sluice gate and opening the fresh water sluice gate after the tide is removed;

closing the fresh water sluice after the total immersion time of the current day is 10-12 hours, and opening the seawater sluice for drainage;

(6) disease prevention: collecting the periwinkle, and releasing the periwinkle in a nursery garden within 7-14 days of the seedling planting; spraying the medicinal liquid 7-10 days after the first release, and spraying the medicinal liquid for the second time within 3-5 days;

the liquid medicine comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

(7) and (4) outplanting: and (5) taking out the seedlings after the seedlings reach the specification.

Particularly, the seedling raising bag in the step (4) is degradable non-woven fabric, the height of the seedling raising bag is 40-50cm, and the diameter of the seedling raising bag is 25-30 cm.

Particularly, in the step (4), the seeds are at least one of bruguiera gymnorrhiza, solanum torvum, jatropha curcas and avicennia marina.

Particularly, in the step (4), at least two of bruguiera gymnorrhiza, red sea olive, kandelia candel, elaeocarpus fortunei and avicennia marina are planted in sequence from high to low according to the beach surface.

Particularly, in the step (4), the seedling raising bag is filled with a coated slow-release fertilizer, and the coated slow-release fertilizer contains the following components in percentage by mass:

particularly, in the step (4), the sapling of the previous year is at least one of bruguiera gymnorrhiza and bruguiera gymnorrhiza.

In particular, in step (6), the mineral oil is a green mineral oil. The input amount of the oncomelania during the step (6) is more than or equal to 10 per square meter.

In the invention, the step (3) is a step-type ridge with gradually reduced height, so as to match different mangrove forest species with inconsistent wind resistance and growth speed and achieve the purpose of simultaneously cultivating multiple species.

In the step (4), the purpose of planting the seedlings of the previous year at the outermost periphery of the nursery is that the seedlings cultivated in the previous year have certain height and insect and disease resistance, and the environment in the nursery can be effectively stabilized.

In the step (4), the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag is adopted to provide a stable environment for the saplings, and meanwhile, the coated slow release fertilizer is filled to provide corresponding nutrition for the saplings continuously without multiple supplement. Meanwhile, the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag can also prevent the parasitic of sessile organisms such as barnacles and the like.

And (5) simulating normal tide, controlling salinity and flooding time, and preventing saplings from being unable to survive due to overlarge change.

In order to control the damage of parasites and germs to the saplings, a biological combination chemical prevention method is adopted.

The climax and the climax of the invention are climax and climax in astronomy.

The conch of the invention is any species of the littoral (Littoraria melanospo), the littoral (Littoraria ardouiana) or other littoraceae (littoranidae) which can survive in nursery gardens

The invention has the advantages that:

(1) the seawater and the natural fresh water from natural sources are adopted, and the salinity and the flooding time in a nursery garden are controlled by controlling the introduced water quantity and the introduced proportion, so that the growth of the saplings is ensured to be suitable.

(2) The combination of the coated slow release fertilizer and the flooding time is adopted, so that the absorption of the saplings is facilitated, and the healthy and rapid growth of the saplings is promoted.

(3) Various methods are adopted to control the damage of parasites, germs and sessile organisms to the saplings.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further illustrated in detail with reference to the following specific examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention but are merely illustrative thereof. The experimental methods used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, and experimental methods not specified in specific conditions in the examples, are generally commercially available according to conventional conditions, and materials, reagents, and the like used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified.

Example 1

The method comprises the following steps:

1. site selection: the nursery garden selects a Zhuhai horizontal organ area, an offshore beach area which is flooded by natural tide and has the seawater salinity of 15 per mill to 25 per mill, and a Zhujiang estuary is arranged nearby.

(2) Building a dike: enclosing dikes around the nursery, wherein the height of the enclosing dikes is 30-40cm higher than the highest tide level of the flood; the height of the dike is 190 cm; building a sluice between the ocean and the nursery garden, and building a sluice between the fresh water river and the nursery garden; the two water gates are independent of each other.

(3) Land preparation: laying the beach surface of the nursery garden into a step-shaped ridge which is vertical to the coastline direction and gradually reduces the height; the height difference of each level of ridge is 15cm, and the ridge is divided into 3 levels;

(4) planting the nursery stock: seeds collected in the mature period of the mangrove forest are planted in a degradable non-woven fabric seedling bag, the matrix in the seedling bag is coastal beach soil, and the sand content of the coastal beach soil is less than or equal to 40 percent;

the height of the seedling raising bag is 40cm, and the diameter of the seedling raising bag is 25 cm.

Sequentially planting the Chinese mugwort, the red sea olive and the Kandelia candel according to the height of the beach surface.

The seedling raising bag is filled with a coated slow-release fertilizer, and the coated slow-release fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

20 percent of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer

Humic acid 5%

EDTA iron sodium 4%

2 percent of eucalyptus bark

Chlorella 10%

3 percent of plant ash

Lignosulfonate 2%

The balance being water.

Planting the bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedlings of the previous year at the outermost periphery of the nursery;

(5) irrigation:

opening the seawater sluice gate and closing the fresh water diversion sluice gate before and after the large tide period (one, two, three, sixteen, seventeen and eighteen days in the lunar calendar);

opening a seawater sluice in about 7-8 days before and after the tidal period (seven, eight, twenty-two and twenty-three days per month); closing the seawater sluice and opening the fresh water sluice after the tide subsides, and introducing the pearl river water;

closing the fresh water sluice after the total immersion time of the water is 12 hours in the day for 5-10 months, and opening the seawater sluice for drainage;

4. when the water is immersed for 11 hours in the same day, closing the fresh water sluice, and opening the seawater sluice to drain water;

1. 2, 3 and 12 months, closing the fresh water sluice after the total immersion time of the day is 10 hours, and opening the seawater sluice for drainage;

(6) disease prevention: collecting the periwinkle, and releasing the periwinkle in a nursery garden within 7-14 days of the seedling planting; spraying the medicinal liquid 7 days after the first release, and spraying the medicinal liquid 3-5 days for the second time;

the liquid medicine comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

mineral oil of green glume 6%

Sodium hypochlorite 2%

2.5 percent of matrine

2.5 percent of chitin

3 percent of eucalyptus oil

The balance being water.

The throwing amount of the oncomelania littoralis is 20 per square meter.

(7) And maintaining and planting for one year.

Example 2

The method comprises the following steps:

(3) Land preparation: laying the beach surface of the nursery garden into a step-shaped ridge which is vertical to the coastline direction and gradually reduces the height; the height difference of each level of ridge is 25cm, and the ridge is divided into 2 levels;

the height of the seedling raising bag is 50m, and the diameter of the seedling raising bag is 30 cm.

Planting the red sea olive and the avicennia marina in turn according to the beach surface from high to low.

30 percent of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer

Humic acid 8%

6 percent of EDTA iron sodium

2 percent of eucalyptus bark

Chlorella vulgaris 6%

2 percent of plant ash

0.5 percent of lignosulfonate

The balance being water.

Planting the seedlings of the elemi bruguianensis of the previous year on the outermost periphery of the nursery;

(5) irrigation:

in the rest months, closing the fresh water sluice after the total immersion time is 10 hours in the same day, and opening the seawater sluice for drainage;

(6) disease prevention: collecting the periwinkle, and releasing the periwinkle in a nursery garden within 7-10 days of the seedling planting; spraying the medicinal liquid 10 days after the first release, and spraying the medicinal liquid 3-5 days for the second time;

the liquid medicine comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

mineral oil of green glume 15%

Sodium hypochlorite 4%

2 percent of matrine

Chitin 2%

2 percent of eucalyptus oil

The balance being water.

The throwing amount of the coastal snails is 15 per square meter.

(7) And maintaining and planting for one year.

Example 3

The method comprises the following steps:

(2) Building a dike: enclosing dikes around the nursery, wherein the height of the enclosing dikes is 30-40cm higher than the highest tide level of the flood; the height of the dike is 190 cm; building a sluice between the ocean and the nursery, and building a sluice between the freshwater river and the nursery; the two water gates are independent of each other.

(3) Land preparation: laying the beach surface of the nursery garden into a stepped ridge which is vertical to the coastline and is gradually reduced in height; the height difference of each level of ridge is 20cm, and the ridge is divided into 3 levels;

Sequentially planting the bruguiera gymnorrhiza, the kandelia candel and the tung tree according to the height of the beach face.

25 percent of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer

Humic acid 5%

EDTA iron sodium 5%

2 percent of eucalyptus bark

Chlorella vulgaris 12%

3 percent of plant ash

1 percent of lignosulfonate

The balance being water.

(5) irrigation:

(6) disease prevention: collecting the periwinkle, and releasing the periwinkle in a nursery garden during the moisture-removing period of 10-14 days after the nursery stock is planted; spraying the medicinal liquid 10 days after the first release, and spraying the medicinal liquid 3-5 days for the second time;

the liquid medicine comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

mineral oil of green glume 12%

Sodium hypochlorite 4%

1.5 percent of matrine

Chitin 1.5%

2 percent of eucalyptus oil

The balance being water.

The throwing amount of the oncomelania littoralis is 10 per square meter.

(7) And maintaining and planting for one year.

Example 4

The method comprises the following steps:

(3) Land preparation: laying the beach surface of the nursery garden into a step-shaped ridge which is vertical to the coastline direction and gradually reduces the height; the height difference of each level of ridge is 20cm, and the ridge is divided into 3 levels;

the height of the seedling raising bag is 40m, and the diameter of the seedling raising bag is 25 cm.

According to the beach surface, the red sea olive, the tung tree and the avicennia marina are planted in sequence from high to low.

20 percent of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer

Humic acid 8%

EDTA iron sodium 5%

2 percent of eucalyptus bark

Chlorella vulgaris 12%

2 percent of plant ash

1 percent of lignosulfonate

The balance being water.

(5) irrigation:

the liquid medicine comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

mineral oil of green glume 12%

Sodium hypochlorite 4%

1.5 percent of matrine

1.5 percent of chitin

2 percent of eucalyptus oil

The balance being water.

The throwing amount of the oncomelania littoralis is 20 per square meter.

(7) And maintaining and planting for one year.

Comparative example 1

The method comprises the following steps:

(5) Irrigation:

closing the fresh water sluice and opening the seawater sluice before and after the heavy tide (one, two, three, sixteen, seventeen and eighteen days in lunar calendar), wherein the seawater sluice is closed when the tide rises and enters a nursery garden to reach a proper flooding depth, the seawater sluice is closed, the seawater is flooded for 10 to 12 hours every day, then the sluice is opened to discharge water, and the cycle is carried out for 6 to 8 days; other fresh water sluice gates and seawater sluice gates are opened every day, and the irrigation is carried out under the natural tidal action of seawater.

The essence of the operation is that seawater irrigation is carried out for 6 to 8 days per month; natural tidal irrigation for 22-24 days with a flooding time of about 1-6 hours per day.

(7) And maintaining and planting for one year.

Comparative example 2

The method comprises the following steps:

(5) Irrigation:

closing the fresh water sluice before and after the heavy tide (before, after and after the lunar calendar is one, two, three, sixteen, seventeen and eighteen days), opening the seawater sluice, enabling the seawater to enter a nursery garden when the tide rises, closing the seawater sluice at a proper flooding depth, flooding for 10-12 hours each day, then opening the sluice to release water, and circulating for 14-15 days; other fresh water sluice gates and seawater sluice gates are opened every day, and the irrigation is carried out under the natural tidal action of seawater.

The operation is carried out for 14-15 days by seawater irrigation in essence every month; the natural tidal irrigation mode of approximately 1 to 6 hours of flooding time per day irrigates for 14 to 15 days.

(7) And maintaining and planting for one year.

Comparative example 3

The method comprises the following steps:

(2) Building a dike: dikes are arranged around the nursery, and the height of the dikes is 30-40cm higher than the highest tide level of the flood; the height of the dike is 190 cm; building a sluice between the ocean and the nursery garden, and building a sluice between the fresh water river and the nursery garden; the two water gates are independent of each other.

(5) Irrigation:

closing the fresh water sluice and opening the seawater sluice about 10 days before and after the heavy tide (lunar calendar I, II, III, sixteen, seventeen and eighteen), closing the fresh water sluice and opening the seawater sluice when the tide rises, the seawater enters into the nursery garden to reach the proper flooding depth, submerging for 10-12 hours each day, then opening the sluice to release water, circulating for 10-20 days, opening the fresh water sluice and the seawater sluice every other day, irrigating under the natural tide action of the seawater,

the essence of the operation is seawater irrigation for 20 days; the natural tidal irrigation mode with the flooding time of about 1 to 6 hours is used for irrigating for 10 to 11 days.

(7) And maintaining and planting for one year.

Comparative example 4

The method comprises the following steps:

(5) Irrigation: the mangrove seedlings grow under the condition of natural tide soaking in sea water without introducing river water

(7) And maintaining and planting for one year.

5 groups are set for each example and comparative example, and the average seedling height, the survival rate of seedlings and the survival rate after transplanting are recorded; specifically, the results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

The post-transplant survival (%) in table 1 is a comparison of the survived seedlings with those survived three months after transplantation. Transplanting refers to planting the seedlings in an area where mangrove naturally exists or an area where mangrove is properly and manually planted.

As can be seen from Table 1, although the survival rate of the seedlings of comparative example 1 was significantly better than that of comparative examples 2, 3 and 4; but the survival rate (%) after transplantation is the lowest, and the analysis reason is that the seawater irrigation time per month is too short, and the transplanted seawater is difficult to adapt to the pure seawater environment. The reason why the survival rate (%) after transplantation was the second lowest in comparative example 2 was the same.

Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned contents are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and that the simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid seedling raising method of salt-tolerant mangrove nursery stocks is characterized by comprising the following steps,

(5) irrigation: in the period of heavy tide, opening the seawater sluice gate and closing the fresh water diversion sluice gate; opening the seawater sluice gate during each small tide, closing the seawater sluice gate and opening the fresh water sluice gate after the tide is removed;

the liquid medicine comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

2. The method for rapidly growing seedlings of salt-tolerant mangrove seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the seedling-growing bags in step (4) are degradable non-woven fabrics, the height of the seedling-growing bags is 40-50cm, and the diameter is 25-30 cm.

3. The method for rapidly growing seedlings of salt-tolerant mangrove seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the seeds are at least one of bruguiera gymnorrhiza, solanum toruloides and avicennia marina.

4. The method for rapidly growing seedlings of salt-tolerant mangrove seedlings according to claim 3, wherein in the step (4), at least two of bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Kandelia candel and Avicennia marina are planted in sequence from high to low on the beach surface.

5. The method for rapidly growing seedlings of salt-tolerant mangrove seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the seedling bags are filled with coated slow-release fertilizer, and the coated slow-release fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

6. the method for rapidly growing seedlings of salt-tolerant mangrove seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the seedlings of the previous year are at least one of bruguiera gymnorrhiza and bruguiera gymnorrhiza.

7. A method for rapidly growing seedlings of salt-tolerant mangrove seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the mineral oil is luggy mineral oil.

8. The method for rapidly growing seedlings of salt-tolerant mangrove seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the dosage of the escargots in the step (6) is not less than 10 per square meter.