CN114994177B - Ultrasonic defect detection method and device for composite board and composite board - Google Patents
Ultrasonic defect detection method and device for composite board and composite board Download PDFInfo
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- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
- G01N29/265—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by moving the sensor relative to a stationary material
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/28—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details providing acoustic coupling, e.g. water
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
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- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
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- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0231—Composite or layered materials
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Abstract
A method and a device for detecting ultrasonic defects of a composite board and the composite board relate to the field of ultrasonic defect detection. Aiming at the problem that the air coupling ultrasonic same-side detection method in the prior art has contradiction between rapid detection and detection precision, the invention provides the technical scheme that: the ultrasonic defect detection method is applied to the composite board material to be detected, and comprises the following steps: collecting Lamb wave signals on the composite board material; selecting two mutually orthogonal linear directions on the composite board material to be tested as the step scanning directions; detecting along the step scanning direction in an ultrasonic detection mode by a preset step length K; and collecting Lamb wave signals on the composite board material. Obtaining a defect index DI through the Lamb wave signal; each imaging point of the scan region defines a virtual synthetic aperture; and obtaining the defect position through the virtual synthetic aperture and the defect index DI. Is suitable for defect detection application of composite board materials.
Description
Technical Field
Relates to the field of ultrasonic defect detection, in particular to detection of composite board materials.
Background
The composite material is widely applied to important fields such as aerospace, wind power generation, automobile manufacturing and the like due to the advantages of good fatigue resistance, high specific strength, low density and the like. Defects such as delamination, inclusions, cracks and the like are easily generated in the manufacturing and using processes of the composite material. In order to prevent potential safety hazards caused by various injuries in the composite material, the method has very important significance in rapid and accurate defect detection of the composite material.
A great deal of research and application show that the ultrasonic detection method is the most practical and effective composite material nondestructive detection technology with the most wide application at present. The air coupling ultrasonic uses air as a coupling agent for nondestructive testing, has the characteristics of complete non-contact and no pollution, and particularly for composite material detection, compared with a metal material, the acoustic impedance of the air coupling ultrasonic sensor is closer to that of the air, so that the loss of acoustic energy is reduced. In the conventional detection method, air coupling transducers are generally arranged on two sides of a structure to be detected to detect C scanning point by point, excite and receive longitudinal waves, and defects are represented by utilizing parameters such as amplitude of transmitted waves. The method is long in time consumption, cannot realize rapid large-area detection or monitoring, and cannot realize arrangement of air coupling transducers on two sides for in-situ detection of a structure to be detected. Therefore, in most practical detection occasions, the air coupling transducer needs to be placed on the same side of the material plate to be detected, the excitation air coupling transducer and the receiving air coupling transducer are respectively and linearly scanned along 2 mutually orthogonal directions, lamb waves are excited and received in a one-excitation-one-receiving mode, and when the defects are located on the propagation paths, the interaction between the Lamb waves and the defects enables the characteristic quantities such as amplitude, energy and wave speed of detection signals to change. And identifying and evaluating the defects by utilizing the change rule of the signals on the paths with the defects.
At present, the air coupling ultrasonic same-side detection method has the problem that the rapid detection and the detection precision are contradictory: if the rapid detection of the detection area with a fixed size is desired, the linear scanning step length needs to be increased, and the scanning path is reduced, but the information for effectively characterizing the defect obtained by the method is also reduced, and the defect cannot be accurately characterized. In contrast, if accurate characterization of the defect is to be achieved, enough characterization information is required, that is, the linear scanning step length is reduced, the scanning path is increased, the detection duration is inevitably increased, and rapid detection cannot be achieved. Since the air-coupled transducers have a certain size, the Lamb waves generated have a certain diffusion angle and directivity, and the energy distribution on the propagation path between the exciting and receiving air-coupled transducers has a certain width, there will be an energy superposition between each scan path.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the air coupling ultrasonic same-side detection method in the prior art has contradiction between rapid detection and detection precision, the invention provides the technical scheme that:
the ultrasonic defect detection method of the composite board is applied to the composite board material to be detected, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: collecting Lamb wave signals on the composite board material;
step 2: obtaining a defect index DI through the Lamb wave signal;
step 3: each imaging point of the scan region defines a virtual synthetic aperture;
step 4: and obtaining the defect position through the virtual synthetic aperture and the defect index DI.
Further, the step 1 specifically includes:
step 1.1: selecting two mutually orthogonal linear directions on the composite board material to be tested as the step scanning directions;
step 1.2: detecting along the step scanning direction in an ultrasonic detection mode by a preset step length K;
step 1.3: and collecting Lamb wave signals on the composite board material.
Further, in the step 2, the method for obtaining the defect index DI specifically includes:
based on the amplitude peak value of the Lamb wave signal, the method comprises the following steps of:
DI a ＝U appmax -U app
DI b ＝U bppmax -U bpp ，
obtained.
Further, in the step 4, the method for obtaining the defect position specifically includes:
if M is odd, the formula is as follows:
obtaining;
if M is even, the formula is as follows:
obtaining;
wherein M= [ R/d ]]，[]To form a whole function, R is the width of Lamb wave energy distribution at two sides of the scanning path, alpha determines the attenuation rate of Lamb wave energy at two sides of the scanning path, and d a (x, y) is the scanning direction distance of the imaging point (x, y) from the 0 DEG fiber direction a-th scanning path, d b (x, y) is the scanning direction distance between the imaging point (x, y) and the b-th scanning path in the 90-degree fiber direction, and i, j is a positive integer value.
Further, the method is realized based on the following devices:
the device comprises: the ultrasonic transducer comprises an excitation air coupling transducer, a receiving air coupling transducer and an adjusting platform, wherein the excitation air coupling transducer is used for sending out ultrasonic waves, the receiving air coupling transducer is used for receiving echo waves of the ultrasonic waves, and the adjusting platform is used for adjusting the distance and the deflection angle between the excitation air coupling transducer and the receiving air coupling transducer.
Further, the device further comprises: the two-dimensional motion platform, two motion modules and two regulation modules, two motion modules set up two-dimensional motion platform on, can follow same straight line and do reciprocating motion, two regulation modules be used for connecting excitation air coupling transducer and receiving air coupling transducer respectively and make the relative position of two transducers maintain mirror symmetry, and adjust excitation air coupling transducer and receiving air coupling transducer and vertical direction's contained angle.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a composite board ultrasonic defect detection device for a composite board material to be detected, the device comprises:
module 1: the Lamb wave signal acquisition device is used for acquiring Lamb wave signals on the composite board material;
module 2: the defect index DI is obtained through the Lamb wave signal;
module 3: each imaging point for the scan region defines a virtual synthetic aperture;
module 4: for obtaining the defect position through the virtual synthetic aperture and the defect index DI.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a computer storage medium which stores a computer program, and when the storage medium is read by a computer, the computer executes the ultrasonic defect detection method of the composite board.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a computer, comprising a processor and a storage medium, wherein the storage medium stores a computer program, and when the processor reads the computer program stored in the storage medium, the computer executes the defect detection method.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a composite board material, wherein the composite board material is detected by the ultrasonic defect detection method of the composite board material.
The invention has the advantages that:
the ultrasonic defect detection method of the composite board overcomes the prejudice of the prior art, in the prior art, because the air coupling transducer has a certain size, the generated Lamb wave has a certain diffusion angle and directivity, and the energy distribution on the propagation path between the exciting and receiving air coupling transducers has a certain width, so that energy superposition exists between each scanning path, the energy superposition is generated, the problem that the air coupling ultrasonic ipsilateral detection method has contradiction between quick detection and detection precision is solved, and the method is treated as a technical problem by a person skilled in the art, thereby giving up the improvement of the detection speed and only researching the detection precision problem aiming at the air coupling ultrasonic ipsilateral detection method in the research process;
the composite board ultrasonic defect detection method provided by the invention is characterized in that a synthetic aperture self-adaptive weighted imaging algorithm is provided, M scanning paths corresponding to each imaging point of an imaging area are selected, and the M scanning paths are defined as virtual synthetic apertures of the imaging points; the defect indexes of the imaging points relative to M different scanning paths are accumulated through self-adaptive weighting to obtain final defect indexes; therefore, the defect information is accurately represented by using a small amount of representation information to the greatest extent during rapid detection by utilizing the energy superposition condition existing between each scanning path, and the problem of contradiction between rapid detection and detection precision is solved.
The ultrasonic defect detection method of the composite board provided by the invention adopts air coupling Lamb wave ultrasonic detection, and uses air as a transmission medium to replace a coupling agent in the traditional ultrasonic nondestructive detection in the detection process, so that the problem of secondary pollution of a coupling material to a piece to be detected can be fundamentally avoided, the advantages of complete non-contact, non-invasion and non-damage in the detection process are realized, and the service life of the air coupling ultrasonic transducer can be greatly prolonged.
The ultrasonic defect detection device for the composite board provides an implementation method of a virtual device for the ultrasonic defect detection method of the composite board, utilizes the energy superposition condition existing between each scanning path, realizes accurate characterization of defect information by fully utilizing a small amount of characterization information to the greatest extent during rapid detection, and solves the problem of contradiction between rapid detection and detection precision.
Is suitable for defect detection application of composite board materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a synthetic aperture adaptive weighted imaging algorithm as mentioned in the fourth embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an air-coupled ultrasonic defect detection system according to a sixth embodiment;
FIG. 3 is an image of a received echo for a 0.5mm step scan using a conventional imaging method as referred to in embodiment eleven;
FIG. 4 is an image of a 1.5mm step scan received echo using a conventional imaging method as referred to in embodiment eleven;
fig. 5 is an imaging diagram of a 1.5mm step scan received echo using the synthetic aperture adaptive weighted imaging method proposed by the present invention as referred to in embodiment eleven.
Detailed Description
In order to make the advantages and benefits of the technical solution provided by the present invention more apparent, the technical solution provided by the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
it should be understood that, step 1, step 2, step 1.1, etc. mentioned in the technical solution provided by the present invention are names of steps in the technical solution provided by the present invention, and the numbers in the step 1, step 2, step 1.1, etc. have no sequential meaning, i.e. are not used for limiting the sequence of steps in the technical solution.
The first embodiment provides a method for detecting ultrasonic defects of a composite board, which is applied to a composite board material to be detected, and is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: collecting Lamb wave signals on the composite board material;
step 2: obtaining a defect index DI through the Lamb wave signal;
step 3: each imaging point of the scan region defines a virtual synthetic aperture;
step 4: and obtaining the defect position through the virtual synthetic aperture and the defect index DI.
Specifically, in order to excite a purer Lamb wave mode, a Lamb wave dispersion curve is drawn by utilizing parameters of a composite material plate to be measured, and the center frequency f of the hollow coupling transducer is determined by combining the thickness of the material to be measured. The pure Lamb wave contains a symmetric mode S0 and an anti-symmetric mode A 0 Since the in-plane displacement of the symmetric mode is large, the out-of-plane displacement of the anti-symmetric mode is large, and thus the anti-symmetric mode A is analyzed 0 The feature variation in the frequency domain enables stress detection. Determining phase velocities of 0-degree fiber direction and 90-degree fiber direction A0 mode by combining a dispersion curve, and exciting and receiving an air coupling transducer dip angle theta when determining 0-degree fiber direction and 90-degree fiber direction linear scanning by utilizing Snell's law and air sound velocity 1 And theta 2 。
In order to ensure that the sound beam has enough energy, the excitation signal is determined to be a sine pulse signal modulated by a hanning window with the center frequency of f and the period of N, and the sine pulse signal is applied to an excitation air coupling transducer after passing through a low-pass filter, and an echo is received by the receiving air coupling transducer at a receiving position. Assuming that scanning ranges of 0 ° fiber direction and 90 ° fiber direction are (-X, X) and (-Y, Y), respectively, with the center position of the scanning area as the center (0, 0), the scanning step is d. And determining a virtual synthetic aperture formed by M scanning paths corresponding to any imaging point of the scanning area. In a certain range, combining the geometric attenuation characteristic of sound wave propagation, regarding the sound wave at each position on the scanning path as an independent sound source, and accumulating the defect indexes of the imaging points relative to M different scanning paths through self-adaptive weighting to obtain the defect indexes of the imaging points.
The adaptive weighted imaging algorithm of the synthetic aperture mentioned in this embodiment is specifically described with reference to fig. 1:
in the embodiment, lamb wave signals on each step scanning path of the composite material plate to be detected are obtained in a linear step scanning mode in the 0-degree fiber direction and the 90-degree fiber direction, and the defect index DI is obtained by calculating the amplitude peak value of the Lamb wave signals of the scanning paths according to the following formula.
In the formula, DI a Is a defect index in the 0 degree fiber direction, DI b Is defect index in 90 DEG fiber direction, U appmax Peak-to-peak maximum value of Lamb wave signal for all scanning paths in 0 degree fiber direction, U bppmax Peak-to-peak maximum value, U, of Lamb wave signals for all scanning paths in 90 fiber direction app Peak-to-peak value of Lamb wave signal of a0 DEG fiber direction a-th scanning path, U bpp Peak-to-peak of Lamb wave signal for the b-th scan path of 90 ° fiber direction.
Since the air-coupled transducers have a certain size, the Lamb waves generated have a certain diffusion angle and directivity, the energy distribution on the propagation path between the exciting and receiving air-coupled transducers has a certain width, and each scanning path will have an energy superposition. Therefore, M scan paths corresponding to each imaging point of the imaging scan area are selected and defined as virtual synthetic apertures. Assuming that the linear scanning ranges of the 0 ° fiber direction and the 90 ° fiber direction are (-X, X) and (-Y, Y), respectively, with the center position of the scanning area as the center (0, 0), the linear scanning step is d. Taking any imaging point (x, y) of the imaging scanning area as an example, if M is an odd number, the point (x, y) respectively corresponds to the ith- (M-1)/2 to the ith+ (M-1)/2 and the jth- (M-1)/2 to the jth+ (M-1)/2 scanning paths in the 0-DEG fiber direction and the 90-DEG fiber direction to form a virtual synthetic aperture; if M is even, the points (x, y) are virtual synthetic apertures formed by the ith-M/2+1 to ith+M/2 and the jth-M/2+1 to jth+M/2 scanning paths corresponding to the 0 DEG fiber direction and the 90 DEG fiber direction respectively. Where i, j are positive integer values and satisfy the following relationships, respectively.
I.e.
Although the energy distribution in the propagation path between the excitation and the receiving air-coupled transducers has a certain width, the energy levels in the width range are different, and adaptive weighting is required when determining defect damage indicators of imaging points. In a certain range, combining the geometric attenuation characteristic of the sound wave propagation, regarding the sound wave at each position on the scanning path as an independent sound source, and accumulating the imaging points (x, y) relative to defect index indexes P (x, y) of M different scanning paths through self-adaptive weighting.
If M is an odd number:
if M is an even number:
wherein M= [ R/d ]]，[]To form a whole function, R is the width of Lamb wave energy distribution at two sides of the scanning path, alpha determines the attenuation rate of Lamb wave energy at two sides of the scanning path, and d a (x, y) is the scanning direction distance of the imaging point (x, y) from the 0 DEG fiber direction a-th scanning path, d b (x, y) is the scanning direction distance between the imaging point (x, y) and the b-th scanning path in the 90-degree fiber direction, and i, j is a positive integer value.
The beneficial point of this embodiment is:
the ultrasonic defect detection method of the composite board overcomes the prejudice of the prior art, in the prior art, as the air coupling ultrasonic same-side detection method has the problem of contradiction between the rapid detection and the detection precision, the method is regarded as a technical problem by the person skilled in the art, thereby abandoning the rapid detection mode; the composite board ultrasonic defect detection method provided by the embodiment utilizes a synthetic aperture self-adaptive weighted imaging algorithm to fully utilize a small amount of characterization information to the greatest extent to accurately characterize defect information, and solves the problem that the rapid detection and the detection precision are contradictory.
In the second embodiment, the method for detecting ultrasonic defects of a composite board provided in the first embodiment is further limited, and the step 1 specifically includes:
step 1.1: selecting two mutually orthogonal linear directions on the composite board material to be tested as the step scanning directions;
step 1.2: detecting along the step scanning direction in an ultrasonic detection mode by a preset step length K;
step 1.3: and collecting Lamb wave signals on the composite board material.
In particular, the method comprises the steps of,
in the third embodiment, the method for detecting an ultrasonic defect of a composite board provided in the first embodiment is further limited, and in the step 2, the method for obtaining the defect index DI specifically includes:
based on the amplitude peak-to-peak value of the Lamb wave signal, the method comprises the following steps:
DI a ＝U appmax -U app
DI b ＝U bppmax -U bpp ，
obtained.
In the fourth embodiment, the method for detecting an ultrasonic defect of a composite board provided in the first embodiment is further limited, and in the step 4, the method for obtaining a defect position specifically includes:
if M is odd, the formula is as follows:
obtaining;
if M is even, the formula is as follows:
obtained.
The fifth embodiment is further defined by the method for detecting an ultrasonic defect of a composite board provided in the first embodiment, where the method is implemented based on the following device:
the device comprises: the ultrasonic transducer comprises an excitation air coupling transducer, a receiving air coupling transducer and an adjusting platform, wherein the excitation air coupling transducer is used for sending out ultrasonic waves, the receiving air coupling transducer is used for receiving echo waves of the ultrasonic waves, and the adjusting platform is used for adjusting the distance and the deflection angle between the excitation air coupling transducer and the receiving air coupling transducer.
The implementation of air-coupled ultrasonic defect detection is specifically described with reference to fig. 2. Lamb waves have symmetric and anti-symmetric modes and dispersionCharacteristic of being able to excite multiple symmetric modes (S 0 ，S 1 ，…，S i ) With anti-symmetric mode (A 0 ，A 1 ，…，A i ). In order to excite the empty coupling transducer to generate purer modes in the to-be-detected member, the excitation frequency of the transmitting empty coupling transducer is known to be smaller than a certain upper limit value according to the dispersion curve of Lamb waves and the thickness of the to-be-detected member. The excitation frequency f is then determined from the actual performance of the air-coupled transducer. According to research analysis, the in-plane displacement of the symmetrical mode is larger, and the out-of-plane displacement of the antisymmetric mode is larger, so that the antisymmetric mode is adopted for air-coupled ultrasonic detection. Determining 0 degree fiber direction and 90 degree fiber direction A by combining dispersion curve 0 When the modal phase velocity is used for determining 0-degree fiber direction and 90-degree fiber direction linear scanning by utilizing Snell's law and air sound velocity, the inclination angle theta of the air coupling transducer is excited and received 1 And theta 2 . In order to ensure that the sound beam has enough energy, an excitation signal is determined to be a sine pulse signal modulated by a hanning window with the center frequency of f and the period of N, the sine pulse signal is applied to an excitation air coupling transducer after passing through a low-pass filter, an echo is received by a receiving air coupling transducer at a receiving position, the echo is amplified in a low noise way by a preamplifier, and the echo is displayed by an oscilloscope and uploaded to an upper computer. Assuming that scanning ranges of 0 ° fiber direction and 90 ° fiber direction are (-X, X) and (-Y, Y), respectively, with the center position of the scanning area as the center (0, 0), the scanning step is d. After the linear scanning of the 0-degree fiber direction and the 90-degree fiber direction is finished, qualitative analysis and quantitative characterization of defects are realized by applying a synthetic aperture self-adaptive weighted imaging algorithm to all stored received echoes on an upper computer.
In a sixth embodiment, the present embodiment is further defined by the method for detecting an ultrasonic defect of a composite board provided in the fifth embodiment, where the apparatus further includes: the two-dimensional motion platform, two motion modules and two regulation modules, two motion modules set up two-dimensional motion platform on, can follow same straight line and do reciprocating motion, two regulation modules be used for connecting excitation air coupling transducer and receiving air coupling transducer respectively and make the relative position of two transducers maintain mirror symmetry, and adjust excitation air coupling transducer and receiving air coupling transducer and vertical direction's contained angle.
The seventh embodiment provides an ultrasonic defect detection device for a composite board, which is applied to a composite board material to be detected, and the device comprises:
module 1: the Lamb wave signal acquisition device is used for acquiring Lamb wave signals on the composite board material;
module 2: the defect index DI is obtained through the Lamb wave signal;
module 3: each imaging point for the scan region defines a virtual synthetic aperture;
module 4: for obtaining the defect position through the virtual synthetic aperture and the defect index DI.
In an eighth embodiment, a computer storage medium is provided, in which a computer program is stored, and when the storage medium is read by a computer, the computer executes the ultrasonic defect detection method for the composite board provided in the first embodiment.
The ninth embodiment provides a computer, including a processor and a storage medium, where the storage medium stores a computer program, and when the processor reads the computer program stored in the storage medium, the computer executes the frontal defect detection method provided in the first embodiment.
The tenth embodiment provides a composite board, which is characterized in that the composite board material is a composite board detected by the ultrasonic defect detection method of the composite board according to claim 1.
An eleventh embodiment is to provide a specific example of the defect detection method provided in the first embodiment, for comparison with the prior art, and for explanation of the defect detection method provided in any one of the first to fourth embodiments; specific:
the test pieces used in this embodiment were T300/QY8911CFRP plates, which were 20 layers in the order of [0/45/90/-45]2s, each layer had a thickness of 0.1mm, and the whole plate had a thickness of 2mm, a length of 300mm, and a width of 300mm. In the course of laying the prepreg on the CFRP plate, a round aluminum sheet having a thickness of 0.05mm and a diameter of 10mm was pre-laid between the 10 th layer and the 11 th layer to simulate inclusion defects. By combining theoretical analysis and experimental verification of a dispersion curve, it is determined that an air-coupled transducer of 200kHz is adopted and optimal incidence angles of about 10.5 degrees and about 17.5 degrees are obtained in a fiber direction of 0 degrees and a fiber direction of 90 degrees respectively. An arbitrary signal function generator is used to generate a sine pulse signal with a center frequency of 200kHz, hanning window modulation, and a pulse number of 5. To ensure that the air-coupled ultrasonic transducer excites a sound wave of sufficient energy, a voltage power amplifier is used to boost the excitation signal voltage generated by any signal function generator to 400Vpp. The two-dimensional adjusting platform adjusts the horizontal distance between the excitation air-coupled ultrasonic transducer and the receiving air-coupled ultrasonic transducer to be 200mm and the height distance between the two-dimensional adjusting platform and the CFRP plate to be 50mm. The two-dimensional motion platform is used for realizing step scanning in the 0-degree fiber direction and the 90-degree fiber direction. Because the signal attenuates significantly in air, the pre-amplifier is used to amplify the echo signal of the receiving air-coupled transducer. The oscilloscope is used for displaying echo signals and storing data. The scanning ranges of the 0 degree fiber direction and the 90 degree fiber direction are (-30 mm,30 mm) and (-30 mm,30 mm) respectively, with the center position of the scanning area as the center (0, 0), and the scanning steps are 0.5mm and 1.5mm. After the linear scanning of the 0-degree fiber direction and the 90-degree fiber direction is finished, the received echoes of the scanning steps of 0.5mm and 1.5mm are imaged by a traditional imaging algorithm on an upper computer. Subsequently, the synthetic aperture adaptive weighted imaging algorithm provided by the invention is adopted to image the 1.5mm scanning stepping received echo. The imaging results are shown in the following figures, and the quantitative characterization results are shown in table 1:
table 1: defect quantitative characterization result combining unsynchronized long linear scanning data with different imaging methods
With reference to fig. 1 to 3, there are respectively imaging diagrams of the received echo in the case of 0.5mm step scan and 1.5mm step scan by using a conventional imaging method, and in the case of 1.5mm step scan by using a synthetic aperture adaptive weighting imaging method.
From the qualitative analysis of imaging, when linear step-by-step scanning is performed by adopting a 1.5mm step length, the real outline of the defect cannot be effectively characterized by adopting a traditional imaging method because the characterization information quantity is smaller. The synthetic aperture self-adaptive weighted imaging method provided by the invention can utilize limited characterization information to the greatest extent, and the defect characterization result is close to the characterization result of linear scanning with the step length of 0.5 mm. From the quantitative characterization result, the defect relative measurement error of the traditional imaging method is 40.58% for the received echo of the 1.5mm step length linear scanning, and the defect relative measurement error of the synthetic aperture adaptive weighted imaging for the received echo of the 1.5mm step length linear scanning is 18.62%, which is different by 4.08% from that of the traditional imaging method for the received echo of the 0.5mm step length linear scanning, but the detection time is 1/9, so that the detection time is greatly shortened while the imaging characterization precision is ensured. Therefore, the experiment shows that the synthetic aperture self-adaptive weighted imaging algorithm provided by the invention fully utilizes a small amount of characterization information to the greatest extent to accurately characterize defect information during rapid detection, and solves the problem that the rapid detection and the detection precision contradict to a certain extent.
Claims (8)
1. The ultrasonic defect detection method for the composite board material is applied to the composite board material to be detected, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: collecting Lamb wave signals on the composite board material;
step 2: obtaining a defect index DI through the Lamb wave signal;
step 3: each imaging point of the scan region defines a virtual synthetic aperture;
step 4: obtaining a defect position through the virtual synthetic aperture and a defect index DI;
obtaining Lamb wave signals on each step scanning path of the composite material plate to be detected by adopting a linear step scanning mode of 0-degree fiber direction and 90-degree fiber direction, wherein the defect index DI is obtained by calculating the amplitude peak value of the Lamb wave signals of the scanning paths according to the following formula;
in the formula, DI a Is a defect index in the 0 degree fiber direction, DI b Is defect index in 90 DEG fiber direction, U appmax Peak-to-peak maximum value of Lamb wave signal for all scanning paths in 0 degree fiber direction, U bppmax Peak-to-peak maximum value, U, of Lamb wave signals for all scanning paths in 90 fiber direction app Peak-to-peak value of Lamb wave signal of a0 DEG fiber direction a-th scanning path, U bpp Peak-to-peak value of Lamb wave signal of the b-th scanning path in 90 DEG fiber direction;
selecting M scanning paths corresponding to each imaging point of the imaging scanning area and defining the M scanning paths as virtual synthetic apertures;
if M is odd, the formula is as follows:
obtaining;
if M is even, the formula is as follows:
obtaining;
wherein M= [ R/d ]]，[]To form a whole function, R is the width of Lamb wave energy distribution at two sides of the scanning path, alpha determines the attenuation rate of Lamb wave energy at two sides of the scanning path, and d a (x, y) is the scanning direction distance of the imaging point (x, y) from the 0 DEG fiber direction a-th scanning path, d b (x, y) is the scanning direction distance between the imaging point (x, y) and the b-th scanning path in the 90-degree fiber direction, i, j is a positive integer value, and the linear scanning step is d.
2. The ultrasonic defect detection method of composite boards according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 is specifically:
step 1.1: selecting two mutually orthogonal linear directions on the composite board material to be tested as the step scanning directions;
step 1.2: detecting along the step scanning direction in an ultrasonic detection mode by a preset step length K;
step 1.3: and collecting Lamb wave signals on the composite board material.
3. The ultrasonic defect detection method of the composite board according to claim 1, wherein the method is realized based on the following devices:
the device comprises: the ultrasonic transducer comprises an excitation air coupling transducer, a receiving air coupling transducer and an adjusting platform, wherein the excitation air coupling transducer is used for sending out ultrasonic waves, the receiving air coupling transducer is used for receiving echo waves of the ultrasonic waves, and the adjusting platform is used for adjusting the distance and the deflection angle between the excitation air coupling transducer and the receiving air coupling transducer.
4. A method for ultrasonic defect inspection of composite board according to claim 3, wherein said apparatus further comprises: the two-dimensional motion platform, two motion modules and two regulation modules, two motion modules set up two-dimensional motion platform on, can follow same straight line and do reciprocating motion, two regulation modules be used for connecting excitation air coupling transducer and receiving air coupling transducer respectively and make the relative position of two transducers maintain mirror symmetry, and adjust excitation air coupling transducer and receiving air coupling transducer and vertical direction's contained angle.
5. Ultrasonic defect detection device of composite board is applied to the composite board material that awaits measuring, its characterized in that, the device include:
module 1: the Lamb wave signal acquisition device is used for acquiring Lamb wave signals on the composite board material;
module 2: the defect index DI is obtained through the Lamb wave signal;
module 3: each imaging point for the scan region defines a virtual synthetic aperture;
module 4: the method is used for obtaining the defect position through the virtual synthetic aperture and the defect index DI;
the Lamb wave signals on each step scanning path of the composite material plate to be detected are obtained in a linear step scanning mode in the 0-degree fiber direction and the 90-degree fiber direction, and the defect index DI is obtained by calculating the amplitude peak value of the Lamb wave signals of the scanning paths according to the following formula:
in the formula, DI a Is a defect index in the 0 degree fiber direction, DI b Is defect index in 90 DEG fiber direction, U appmax Peak-to-peak maximum value of Lamb wave signal for all scanning paths in 0 degree fiber direction, U bppmax Peak-to-peak maximum value, U, of Lamb wave signals for all scanning paths in 90 fiber direction app Peak-to-peak value of Lamb wave signal of a0 DEG fiber direction a-th scanning path, U bpp Peak-to-peak value of Lamb wave signal of the b-th scanning path in 90 DEG fiber direction;
selecting M scanning paths corresponding to each imaging point of the imaging scanning area and defining the M scanning paths as virtual synthetic apertures;
if M is odd, the formula is as follows:
obtaining;
if M is even, the formula is as follows:
obtaining;
wherein M= [ R/d ]]，[]To form a whole function, R is the width of Lamb wave energy distribution at two sides of the scanning path, alpha determines the attenuation rate of Lamb wave energy at two sides of the scanning path, and d a (x, y) is the scanning direction distance of the imaging point (x, y) from the 0 DEG fiber direction a-th scanning path, d b (x, y) is the scanning direction distance between the imaging point (x, y) and the b-th scanning path in the 90-degree fiber direction, i, j is a positive integer value, and the linear scanning step is d.
6. A computer storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer executes the ultrasonic defect detection method of the composite board according to claim 1 when the storage medium is read by the computer.
7. A computer comprising a processor and a storage medium, wherein the storage medium has a computer program stored therein, characterized in that when the processor reads the computer program stored in the storage medium, the computer performs the defect detection method of claim 1.
8. The composite board is characterized in that the composite board material is detected by the ultrasonic defect detection method of the composite board as claimed in claim 1.
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